As many of you may have already guessed, our families and ancestries are crowded with Mennonite and Amish peoples- Anabaptists. For years, we knew of the Rich (Henss Family Branch) connections to the Swiss- Elsass/Alsace, Montbeliard/ Bern communities. More recently, we have come to understand quite a bit of the Senger (Rabideau Family Branch) connections to the West Prussian / East Prussian Mennonite communities.
Because of the smallish nature of these original communities, we (Becky, my wife, and I) have elected to purchase DNA tests from 23andMe and submit our DNA test results for inclusion in the Mennonite DNA Project. This past weekend our 23andme DNA test kits arrived! Now all we have to do is study hard and take our tests. ;^) Which actually means, we have to ‘spit in a tube’. It is our hope that we will both contribute useful research data as well as benefit from the new information we obtain regarding our heritages & lineages.
As our adventure progresses, I will post more information regarding our DNA ‘project’. But for now, if you, like we, are genetically linked to any of the Anabaptist, Mennonite, Amish communities, please consider participating and adding your ‘voice’ (read, DNA) to this worthwhile research project.
Who knows what kind of insights and discoveries might arise from our collective efforts!
If you are wondering whether you might be an Anabaptist- Mennonite descendant, here are several articles that provide pointers to Anabaptist Family Surnames:
I think that in the past almost all of my postings on Ancestry member hints have been negative. Well in the interest of fairness and sharing, I think this posting is perhaps a bit past due. I have to admit that as with most observations, there are many perspectives possible. So here is a personal tidbit offering a counter-point to my earlier Ancestry Member Tree Hint observations.
Like most genealogists, I make mistakes. I think it is safe to say that my mistakes are almost always simple accidents. At least, I can not think of a single situation where I have made an error on purpose. I don’t like admitting that I make errors but in all honesty, I do. Maybe others are more highly thorough and skilled than I and have a differing view. However, I digress.
Back to my story… today I found myself looking at my Senger family tree; and as you may already know almost none of my Senger data has been sourced from Ancestry (almost all of it has been obtained by my reading of West Prussian church records and my maintaining a photographic log of findings). I do, however, keep an FTM version of my family archive on Ancestry both on the chance that I might get a Historical Record clue as well as for redundancy and backup purposes. Although in all honesty, I never seriously thought I might actually find someone else in the Ancestry universe rummaging for information on my family members who lived in what was once West Prussia.
Well, I was wrong. I not only found one person, but, I found two. The second person was researching the Baarenhof Evangelische (Lutheran) Kirche (Church) and had found a second Anna Ziemen. Yes, it turns out there were two Anna Ziemen’s alive and attending the Baarenhof ev. Kirche in the late 1700s. Who’d a thunk! Not only were there two Anna Ziemens, but I had mistakenly used the data from the second Anna Ziemen for my Anna Ziemen (wrong husband, wrong death date). Oops!
Needless to say I have removed my error from my files. And, tomorrow, I intend to plow through the church records once again, page by page. This time I hope to find the correct version of my Anna Ziemen’s death record. Whether I do or not is, as yet, undetermined. But what I know for certain is, if I had not received this Ancestry Hint from another member’s tree, it might have been years before I ever stumbled on my mistake.
I guess it pays to read those hints. They can be helpful. But tread carefully and analyze thoroughly!
First off I want to apologize for the few month hiatus in ManyRoads Newsletters. You are right, this has happened before. Maybe I should just admit to my unreliable nature but on the other hand the good news is, I am not drowning you in spam!?!
For those interested in what I have been doing lately, this news will hopefully come as an informative update. For the rest of the world, all this will continue to remain hidden and obscure.
As a few of my preceding ManyRoads posts indicted, I have been both testing new genealogy software tools and working on my family genealogy, primarily on my mother’s Prussian branch. Based upon my endeavors, here is what I can report by way of progress:
It seems that I have stabilized my FTM 2012 for my PC environment, and it now works reasonably reliably. Most importantly, I am able to synchronize my databases and media between my PCs and Ancestry.com. This means my documents are now sharable, more secure (from a redundancy perspective) and are now available to all my computing platforms… Linux, IOS, and Windows. I have also published a couple of reports on my adventures in getting this environment operational and stable you may read them here…I have successfully gathered and archived a significant amount of information on my Prussian Friesian Mennonite forebears. I have also provided both the Schepansky Family Archives and the Grandma Mennonite Database access to all my materials including quite a few which were previously unrecognized, unknown. The Schepansky Family Archives has indicated receipt of the materials, some 800 MB.
I have, in conjunction with my Mennonite research, updated my Senger Family Tree and documents. I have also conducted some additional research which has made it possible for me to make significant updates to my family tree. what began originally with fewer than three dozen family members in 4 generations is now at 250 plus family members going back as many as 8 generations. I am feeling very fortunate! All are now published here on ManyRoads.
As before, I continue to use RootsMagic, now in version 5, to publish my genealogical information ( Family Trees ) on ManyRoads (see). Although, I am now augmenting RootsMagic html documents with edited versions of select FTM reports to complete my detailed family reports, posts (see: Hermann Schepansky Family & Cornelius Schepansky Family(ies) ). Yes, this means I now use two different tools, interfaced via Gedcom 5.5 adherent files for both my public, published documents.
I’d like to say that I will be writing the Newsletter more regularly, but I might not. The bottom line is, I apologize for the hiatus in my newsletters, as well as for the shortage in my Blog posts. With any luck, I hope to get more information gathered and published over the next few months. Who knows, I may even be able to stick to my plan… So as always, I’ll promise to write Newsletters as time and schedules permits and wish you all the very best. As always, thank you for visiting ManyRoads and please remember we always appreciate reciprocal web site links!
Note: This account is the product of numerous discussions, interviews and writings between Frieda geboren Wedhorn, her son Norbert Grohmann, and Mark Rabideau. Every effort has been made to remain true to the intent, content and events of this life altering time.
During the days preceding Frieda geboren Wedhorn’s capture and deportation by the Soviets, heavy fighting began in and around the Wedhorn family home in Orlofferfelde, Westpreußen. During this time, around March 1945, Soviet soldiers came to the Wedhorn farmhouse, took possession and refuge within it and while there they attacked and raped Frieda (geboren Wedhorn). Shortly after the rape, the Russians were forced to leave the farm, at gunpoint by their superiors, to re-engage in the heavy fighting against German defense forces in and about Orlofferfelde.
Immediately following the Soviet evacuation of Otto Wedhorn’s home and raping of his daughter (Frieda), Otto (Sr.) decided to take precautions to protect his daughter Frieda from further danger by hiding her in a secret double walled area within the family stable, near their home. This was the same area were the family had previously stored “surplus” food stocks obtained by Otto Sr. through his private butchering service. (Note: This private service was illegal during the war because each German was allocated a specific quantity of food via a government controlled food stamp system.)
Unfortunately, Otto’s plan nearly produced disastrous results. The family home was very exposed, standing on the highest ground in Orlofferfelde. The stable of the Wedhorn house was hit by incoming artillery fire; no one really knew whether the shells came from German or Soviet weapons. Shrapnel struck the family’s horse in the neck causing the horse to bleed to death; screaming, gurgling and terrifying Frieda with its death throes. Fortunately, Frieda’s hiding place, with her in it, remained intact; she was uninjured. (Note: During that same military engagement, the nearby farm house of Hermann Recht was struck by shellfire.)
Throughout this bombardment and shelling, the Wedhorn family, excepting Frieda Wedhorn who remained in her hiding place, spent the night cowering in a tiny, dank, basement under the family home. The cellar was cold and wet; water soaked the floor. Frieda believes her mother, Ella Wedhorn, contracted a lung infection during this time, weakening her immune system. Frieda believes that this infection ultimately resulted in her mother, Ella, contracting a fatal case of typhoid when she was later incarcerated by the Soviets in an Elbing assembly camp.
The following day the Wedhorns along with Emma Recht, the wife of Ernst Hermann Ferdinand Recht, decided to leave for a safer house in the nearby town of Orloff. (Note: Emma Recht had come to the Wedhorns in January 1945 when the Russians over ran Tilsit in Ostpreußen; she was Ella geb. Recht and Otto Wedhorn’s sister-in-law. Her husband Ernst Recht had been conscripted to fight in the Volksturm and had been reported as missing in action. Ernst was brother-in-law to Otto Wedhorn Sr. and brother of Ella geboren Recht.) Ella Wedhorn (Recht), Otto Wedhorn (Jr.) and Emma Recht were the first to evacuate. Otto Wedhorn (Sr.) stayed with his daughter Frieda who remained in her stable storage hiding area; father and daughter waited until there were fewer Soviet troops nearby before attempting their escape. Early during the battles around Orlofferfelde, the Red (Soviet) Army had brought numerous horses to the Wedhorn stable for shelter; these remained even after the Soviets resumed fighting. As a result, it was not easy getting Frieda out of her hiding place and through the crowd of animals to safety. But finally, Otto Sr. and Frieda managed to sneak out; it was very early in the morning, quite dark, very cold and there was a thick blanket of snow. Fighting and bombardment continued in the area, but it no longer centered on their home. Frieda remembers seeing shells from a “Stalinorgel” (Soviet multiple rocket launcher) flying above her and her father in the early morning sky. The ground was covered by newly fallen snow; as she and her father walked they tripped over what looked like piles of snow in the fields. These ‘snow piles’ were actually the dead bodies of young men in Soviet and German uniforms who had fallen in the battles the days before.
Frieda and her father, Otto Sr., were not able to catch up with the rest of the Wedhorn family because they were arrested by Soviet soldiers. Instead of rejoining their family, they were brought to a house which was being used as a Soviet command post. In this house, there were already a lot of German civilians. There were also Poles who took all valuables away from the incoming Germans. While they were being held in this ‘command post’, Frieda noticed Ella, Otto (Jr.) and Emma Recht out on the street being force marched under gunpoint by Soviet military personnel. Only years later did Frieda learn, from her brother Otto, that the Wedhorn family, as well as the escorting Soviets, knew that she and her father (Otto Sr.) were being held and interrogated in the Soviet command post. But, family members were not allowed to talk to each other; and, instead were kept separate and forcibly removed to different assembly points.
Eventually, Frieda Wedhorn was jailed in a basement together with other German women scheduled for deportation to Soviet labor camps. Fortunately, Otto Wedhorn (Sr.) was not put on the list for deportation due to his old age (66); he tracked Frieda to each of the holding facilities to which the Soviets brought his daughter, all the way to Elbing. Shortly before Frieda was to be transfered to Insterburg, her father (Otto Sr.) managed to talk to her through the window of her basement prison cell, informing her of the bad news that she was to be deported to the Soviet Union and incarcerated in a forced labor camp. He informed Frieda that he would look for the other family members and try to bring them back home. As it turned out, he was not able to find anyone and he went home alone.
Over the next days, Otto’s daughter Käthe, his son Otto and even his mother-in-law Else Auguste Recht (Ekrut) showed up at the family farm. By the time Otto Sr. arrived home, the Soviet soldiers had stripped every “standing” home of whatever the soldiers could carry with them. The Soviets had thrown all the furniture and possessions which they could not carry or did not want out of the houses and onto the fields and the streets. As the remnants of the Wedhorn family returned to Orlofferfelde, they rummaged through the fields and streets to see what might be salvageable for use.
Later when Else Auguste Recht (Hermann Recht’s second wife) returned to Orlofferfelde from her unsuccessful evacuation attempt, she was unable to speak about what had happened to her husband Hermann Recht. She seemed to be in shock and was quite out of her senses. None of the remaining family members were allowed to go to Zeyersvorderkampen to discover Hermann’s fate. They learned much later that Hermann Recht had drowned or been murdered; and his body had been found in the Nogat River.
Following Frieda Wedhorn’s capture and incarceration by the Soviets in March/April 1945 near Elbing, Westpreußen, she was transported by truck to Insterburg, Ostpreußen. From there, she was transferred to a cattle car on a train for her journey into the Soviet East; this trip took about two weeks. While traveling through the ‘new’ Poland, Soviet troops had to “protect” the German women on the cattle train from the attacks of marauding Poles.
It became increasingly cold as the train moved Eastward. Every morning, the Soviet minders had to break ice off the train cars in order to open the doors and remove the corpses of the freshly dead German women/ prisoners. The rations for the captive German women consisted of hard bread, dry cheese and a bucket of water for drinking. There were only a few survivors by the time the train arrived at the Gulag. (Notes: The actual location of Frieda’s incarceration remains unknown; our search for information continues. But given the German women were civilians, Frieda believes the Soviets did not maintain incriminating documents which could be used to illuminate the acts of the Soviets who kidnapped and killed many of those Germans. Most certainly Frieda has no record(s) of her incarceration and servitude. We are working with the DRK Suchdienst to see if they are able to source any documentation regarding Frieda Wedhorn’s ordeal.)
What is known with respect to Frieda’s internment time and deportation is that she was incarcerated in two different labor camps and one POW Camp. The first labor camp was several hundred kilometers east of Moscow. In this camp, German women were forced to do heavy labor such as the manual unloading of coal from trains. Half of the approximately 800 German women in this camp died within the first six months that Frieda was interred. After about 12 months (perhaps in early 1946), Frieda was transfered to a second camp (Gulag). Her transfer was accomplished partly by train and partly by forced march. We know this happened in winter because Frieda recalls that she was forced to walk across the frozen Volga river. At the second camp, Frieda was forced to pile peat moss and/or still wet bricks for drying before they were fired. For a short time period, she was incarcerated in a third Gulag, this was a German POW camp where she cared for wounded and injured German soldiers. The conditions in each of the camps were horrific.
Shortly before being released in 1947, the few surviving German women, including Frieda, were forced to sign an unintelligible (to them) Russian document. Frieda remembers that the few survivors joked, they had probably just signed their own death sentences.
In the end, Frieda came away from her two plus year ordeal with a single document; it looks something like a birth certificate and is written in Polish. It is possible that the document might actually be a translation of a German original. (Hopefully we will obtain a copy and be able to translate its contents.) Every other material possession of Frieda Wedhorn was lost. Still somehow, she managed to escape with her life. She finally arrived and was released to a West German reception camp in Frankfurt/Oder in 1947.
As for the rest of the Wedhorns:
Otto Wedhorn Senior was fortunate and survived the conflagration. Otto and the surviving members of the Wedhorn Family, with the exception of Frieda, were expelled into what became the German Democratic Republic (DDR- Deutsche Demokratische Republik; the Soviet Zone of Germany). In 1963, Otto Wedhorn (Sr.) died in a hospital near Fichtenwalde, a few days after having a stroke (Gehirnschlag). He was 84 years old. His daughter Kaethe was with him up to his end; but his daughter Frieda, could not visit him any more after the Berlin Wall was built in 1961.
Ella Recht was raped by invading Soviet troops in her home in Orlofferfelde. In that same time period, Ella Recht’s deportation to the Russian Gulags was not undertaken because she had contracted typhus. The Russians let her go due to the risk of spreading infection. Ella died in a hospital in Elbing on May 18, 1945. It was her silver wedding day.
Emma Recht was the „Schwiegertochter“ (daughter-in-law) of Hermann Recht and the “Schwägerin” (sister-in-law) of Ella geboren Recht and Otto Wedhorn, Sr. Emma Recht later found her husband; Ernst Hermann Ferdinand Recht had been reported missing in action after having been conscripted into the local “Volkssturm” together with many old men and young teenage boys. They both managed to survive the war; sadly, they had lost both of their sons (Ernst Recht and Egon Recht). Following the war they lived near Potsdam.
With the erection of the Berlin wall in 1961, the ‘Brandenburg/ Potsdam’ branches of the Wedhorn family became, what was for most of its older members, permanently separated from their Western German relatives.The remnants of the family re-united when Germany reunified in 1990 (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung).
And as for Else Recht geboren Ekrut:
Otto Wedhorn Jr. reported that after the end of WW2, when the Soviets turned governmental administration in Westpreußen over to the Poles and ethnic Germans were being expelled from Poland, Else Auguste Recht (geb. Ekrut?) did not flee with the remaining members of the Wedhorn family to Fichtenwalde, near Berlin. Rather than joining Otto Wedhorn’s sisters in Fichtenwalde, she is believed instead to have fled to Danzig where she likely still had family or friends. It was at this time the Wedhorns lost contact with her.
Another family story reports that Soviet occupation troops “beat, assaulted and threw Else into the Nogat river” near the Senger farm in Zeyersvorderkampen, Westpreussen.
It probably bears mention that my grandmother- Frieda Senger- was a woman of many verses. So given that my most recent visits with my mother have involved hearing a particular verse frequently; I thought I’d preserve it for posterity, especially since it is a verse I never heard while growing up. It’s a lively little item…
Hinaus in die Ferne
Mit Butterbrot und Speck.
Das mag ich ja so gerne,
Das nimmt mir keiner weg.
Und wer das tut,
Dem hau’ ich auf die Nase,
Dem hau’ ich auf die Schnut’,
Daß es [ihm] blut’.
It turns out to be a music composition with lyrics and so it has an associated tune (a rather lively early 1800′s tune). The verse & music was written by Albert Methfessel, 1813 (he lived between the years 1786-1869.) Here is the tune for Hinaus in die Ferne. A rough translation of the the verse into English follows:
Heading out for a journey
With buttered bread and bacon.
I like that so much,
None can take those from me.
And if someone tries,
I’ll smack them on the nose,
I’ll smack them on the snout,
Until they bleed.
I find it a curious set of lyrics. So, I looked it up and actually found numerous additional verses and versions. The composition is called the Turnermarsch (Turner March). The original score along with the most common variations may be found on the web: here it is. It seems that the work was created in reaction to Napoleon’s occupation of German lands. A fairly robust little history (in German) may be found on Wikipedia.de.
Ah, just another happy time… and another happy song!
Presenting readable, genealogical information, data, and stories is a complex challenge. It seems to me that people’s lives ought to be expressed as more than family trees, dates, and lineages. I have been struggling with this problem for quite a while. Perhaps you have as well.
Over the years, I have noticed a few ‘special’ difficulties in making this type of information, useful, accessible, easy to find not to mention human. The major problem areas, for me, have centered around the following:
genealogical data & stories can run deep & wide (they may, and often do, involve a lot of data from many locations, sources, and media)
genealogical data/ information itself evolves and changes. It changes often (even more than often for those of us who make lots of mistakes or find new things frequently); AND! the changes are irregular or unpredictable.
my personal belief is that genealogy information is best when it is humanized with stories, histories, oral traditions (now written down), images, maps, etc.
Given these challenges and the fact that I use a website environment, one built using WordPress plus GRAMPS; I thought I’d attempt a melding of several techniques and technologies in order to make a more user friendly presentation format for my genealogy information. Three example pages, of my latest ‘integration’ efforts, may be viewed at:
am I succeeding, am I heading in the right direction???
does this presentation style (format) seem generally helpful, useful, easy to use?
I would greatly appreciate your input. If you are willing to share your thoughts with me, you may either use our Contact page or Comment below to voice them.
If there is demand for pointers on how this was all built, I am happy to provide that in another posting or set of postings, for now suffice it to say I have done some minor tweaks with WordPress and GRAMPS to build the example pages above; oh, these pages will largely maintain themselves automagically.
At this point, we believe that our research has produced a rather complete image of the Families and Children of Cornelius Schepansky. If you know of additional source materials or information, we would love hearing from you.
CORNELIUS1SCHEPANSKY was born on 11 Feb 1806 in Kerbshorst, Westpreussen, Germany 1. Cornelius Schepansky was baptized on 19 May 1823 in Marcushof, Westpreussen, Germany1. He died on 27 Feb 1861 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
He married (1) CORNELIAMARTENS on 14 Aug 1831 in Wengelwald, Westpreussen, Germany 1. She was born on 23 Nov 1795 in Campenau, Westpreussen, Germany1. She died on 11 Oct 1831 in Wengelwald, Westpreussen, Germany1.
He married (2) CATHARINAMARTENS (daughter of Leonhard Martens and Susana Funck) on 04 Mar 1832 in Wengelwald, Westpreussen, Germany1. She was born about Jan 1809 in Marcushof, Westpreussen, Germany1. He divorced Catharina before 18371.
He married (3) MARIAMARTENS (daughter of Jann Martens and Susana Funck) on 18 Jul 1837 in Neuheide, Westpreußen, Germany1. She was born on 16 May 1816 in Marcushof, Westpreussen, Germany1. She died on 30 Oct 1849 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
He married (4) ESTHERWILHELMINE SAENGER (daughter of Michael Saenger and Esther Euphrosine Landig) on 19 Feb 1850 inZeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2. She was born on 17 Jan 1828 in Zeyersniederkampen, Westpreussen, Germany2. Esther Wilhelmine Saenger was baptized on 20 Jan 1828 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2. She died on 05 Mar 1858 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany 2.
He married (5) RENATEMIERAU on 26 Apr 1859 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2. She was born about 1823.
Cornelius Schepansky and Cornelia Martens
They had no children.
Cornelius Schepansky and Catharina Martens
They had the following children:
MARIA2 SCHEPANSKY (daughter of Cornelius Schepansky and Catharina Martens) was born on 07 Apr 1833 in Hoehenwald, Westpreussen, Germany1. She died on 03 Jun 1833 in Hoehenwald, Westpreussen, Germany1.
CATHARINA SCHEPANSKY (daughter of Cornelius Schepansky and Catharina Martens) was born on 26 May 1834 in Schwansdorf, Westpreussen, Germany1. She died on 24 Jun 1834 in Schwansdorf, Westpreussen, Germany1.
HERMAN SCHEPANSKY (son of Cornelius Schepansky and Catharina Martens) was born on 16 Jan 1836 in Kronsnest, Westpreussen, Germany1.
Cornelius Schepansky and Maria Martens
They had the following children:
ANNA MARIA2 SCHEPANSKY (daughter of Cornelius Schepansky and Maria Martens) was born on 25 Oct 1849 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Anna Maria Schepansky was baptized on 04 Nov 1849 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2.
JOHANN JACOB SCHEPANSKY (son of Cornelius Schepansky and Maria Martens) was born on 26 May 1843 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Johann Jacob Schepansky was baptized on 01 Jun 1843 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2.
HEINRICH CORNELIUS SCHEPANSKY (son of Cornelius Schepansky and Maria Martens) was born on 23 Nov 1845 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Heinrich Cornelius Schepansky was baptized on 07 Dec 1845 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2.
WILHELMINA JUSTINA SCHEPANSKY1 (daughter of Cornelius Schepansky and Maria Martens) was born on 19 Feb 1839 in Schlammsack, Westpreußen, Germany3.
Wilhelmina Justina Schepansky1 was baptized on 21 Feb 1839 in Neuheide, Westpreußen, Germany3.
ANNA MARIA DOROTHEA SCHEPANSKY1 (daughter of Cornelius Schepansky and Maria Martens) was born on 27 Jan 1838 in Schlammsack, Westpreußen, Germany3.
Anna Maria Dorothea Schepansky1 was baptized on 11 Feb 2012 in Neuheide, Westpreußen, Germany3.
CATHARINA ELISABETH SCHEPANSKY (daughter of Cornelius Schepansky and Maria Martens) was born on 23 Apr 1840 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2. She died on 01 Jun 1840 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Catharina Elisabeth Schepansky was baptized on 03 May 1840 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2.
MARIA FRIEDERIKA SCHEPANSKY (daughter of Cornelius Schepansky and Maria Martens) was born on 19 Jun 1848 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Maria Friederika Schepansky was baptized on 29 Jun 1848 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2.
HEINRICH FERDINAND SCHEPANSKY (son of Cornelius Schepansky and Maria Martens) was born on 14 Apr 1842 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Heinrich Ferdinand Schepansky was baptized on 01 May 1842 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2.
HEINRICH AUGUST SCHEPANSKY2 (son of Cornelius Schepansky and Maria Martens) was born on 25 Feb 1847 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Heinrich August Schepansky2 was baptized on 04 Mar 1847 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2.
CAROLINE HENRIETTE SCHEPANSKY (daughter of Cornelius Schepansky and Maria Martens) was born on 16 Mar 1844 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2. She died about 1890 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany4.
She married Samuel Ferdinand Recht (son of Johann Recht and Maria Elizabeth Barwich) before 1869. He was born on 12 Feb 1841 in Zeyersniederkampen, Westpreussen, Germany2. He died about 1890 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany4.
Caroline Henriette Schepansky was baptized on 25 Apr 1844 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Cornelius Schepansky and Esther Wilhelmine Saenger
They had the following children:
ESTHER WILHELMINE 2 SCHEPANSKY (daughter of Cornelius Schepansky and Esther Wilhelmine Saenger) was born on 18 Feb 1858 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Esther Wilhelmine Schepansky was baptized on 11 Mar 1858 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2.
JOHANNE CAROLINE SCHEPANSKY (daughter of Cornelius Schepansky and Esther Wilhelmine Saenger) was born on 08 Dec 1853 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Johanne Caroline Schepansky was baptized on 18 Dec 1853 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2.
JOHANN JACOB SCHEPANSKY (son of Cornelius Schepansky and Esther Wilhelmine Saenger) was born on 23 Mar 1856 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Johann Jacob Schepansky was baptized on 29 Mar 1856 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2.
MARIA ELIZABETH SCHEPANSKY (daughter of Cornelius Schepansky and Esther Wilhelmine Saenger) was born on 06 Nov 1850 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Maria Elizabeth Schepansky was baptized on 17 Nov 1850 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2.
ALVINE WILHELMINE SCHEPANSKY (daughter of Cornelius Schepansky and Esther Wilhelmine Saenger) was born on 29 Jul 1852 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Alvine Wilhelmine Schepansky was baptized on 08 Aug 1852 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Cornelius Schepansky and Renate Mierau
They had the following child:
JOHANN GUSTAV2 SCHEPANSKY (son of Cornelius Schepansky and Renate Mierau) was born on 08 Feb 1860 in Ellerwald, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Johann Gustav Schepansky was baptized on 19 Feb 1860 in Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany2.
Sources
Thiensdorf- Marcushof Kreis Marienburg Mennonite Church (primarily: Mennonite Church USA Archives – North Newton, Kansas (Bethel College); also FamilySearch.org (LDS Church)).
ev. Kirche Zeyer, Zeyer Evangelische Kirche (Zeyer, Westpreussen, Germany) (published and accessed via LDS (Familysearch.org)), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA.
ev. Kirche Neuheide, Neuheide Evangelische Kirche (Neuheide, Westpreussen, Germany)(published and accessed via LDS (Familysearch.org)), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA.
Baarenhof Evangelisch Kirche (Baarenhof, Westpreussen, Germany) (published and accessed via LDS (Familysearch.org)), Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA.
numerous, Elbing Adressbücher (multiple years from 1820- 1937 available through numerous sources), ManyRoads.
This page is under development; research is on-going
Michael Senger and Adelgunde Kiehl were married in the area immediately adjacent to Jungfer/ Zeyer in West Prussia around 1868 (we continue to search for their marriage record). In addition to having built the family farm in Zeyersvorderkampen, they had thirteen (13) children of whom seven (7) survived to adulthood. Six (6) sons went to war (World War 1) and three (3) returned.
This page is under development; research is on-going
Hermann Recht and Auguste Kunz were married in Baarendorf ev. Kirche Kreis Marienburg, West Preussen. Johann Hermann Recht, born 16 June 1869 in Zeyersniederkampen,
married Auguste Alvine Caroline Kunz on 10 March 1891 (page 192 Baarendorf ev. Kirche).
Based upon an oral family history obtained by me from Luise geboren Senger, their grand-daughter, this marriage took place just after the death of Auguste’s father, August Ferdinand Kunz. We are also in the process of attempting to source these records.
Hermann and Auguste had five children, that we have identified, four of which lived into adulthood. The children were:
Because of the generosity of newly found cousins in Germany (we are jointly descended from Hermann Recht & Auguste geboren Kunz), ManyRoads is now able to provide additional images and insights into the extended family of Hermann Recht and Auguste geboren Kunz. (more photos and data will appear here over the next months).
Internet searching can be a wonderful adjunct to your genealogy efforts. Unfortunately most folks seem not to understand how to use search engines to their best advantage. Consequently they struggle and are often frustrated by their lack of accomplishments/ results. If you have not tried using some of the fancy features available in all search engines, I recommend that you consider doing so…
In that spirit, I offer this posting. I can assure you that this brief article will not do much more than whet your appetite; but you might just come away with a few tips and an interest in seeing what else can be accomplished with just a little effort on your part.
As I have noted numerous times, my preferred search engine is Google. As a result, the information here focuses on that tool. However, it is worth noting that I have tried using several of these same tricks on other search engines such as Mocavo and they seem to work in about the same manner.
Because I end up searching for a lot of information, printed in stored in languages other than those with which I am comfortable. I have found that you can enter a search phrase in your language. And cleverly, Google will find results in other languages and translate them for you to read. Try it out- HERE!
Also you may not be aware but there are tweaks that you can enter into your search string(s) which will modify and/or adjust the results you receive. Here are a couple of very simple examples (I recommend that you enter these examples into Google in order to see how they work):
Search for an umbrella item/ term/ phrase:
Elbing Elbląg
Search for an umbrella item/ term/ phrase and exclude a selected related term:
Elbing -Elbląg
Search for an item/ term/ phrase on a specific site:
“richard senger” site: many-roads.com
Search for an item/ term/ phrase and exclude a specific site:
“richard senger” site: -many-roads.com
Hopefully this will get you on the path to more effective searches. If you’d like to watch a slick multi-media presentation on this topic, I have include one below:
If, like me, you seek relatives who fought on the German side of a war, you might have experienced difficulty in finding information about these forebears.
One of the most useful online services I have encountered in this area is the Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge (link below). It is through the wonderful efforts of the Kriegsgräberfürsorge that I have been able to find information about two of my great-uncles, who lost their lives in WW1:
The Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge e. V. is a humanitarian organization which is charged by the Federal Republic of taking care of registering the German war dead abroad and to ensuring that it is updated and monitored. The German Public Alliance advises relatives of war grave care, supervises public and private sites, supports international cooperation and assists within the sector of war grave care and fostering the engagement of young people in the last resting-place of the war-dead. [...]
Acting within the scope of bilateral agreements, the Volksbund started their work within Europe and Northern Africa, being responsible for 824 war gravesites in 45 countries with about 2.4 million war dead soldiers. More than 9,000 volunteers and 582 salaried employees fulfil the various activities of the organisation today.
After the political revolution within Eastern Europe the countries of the former Eastern Bloc were included in the work of the Volksbund. Approximately three million German soldier’s had lost their lives in the eastern countries in World War II. i.e. more then twice as many as the rest of the war gravesites in the West which brought the Volksbund immense challenges not least that more than 100,000 graves were difficult to find, had been destroyed, had been overbuilt or had been plundered. Regardless the Volksbund took care, repaired and constructed more than 300 cemeteries of World War II and the 190 grounds out of World War I in Eastern, Central and South Europe. There are 54 central cumulative cemeteries. Approximately 673,000 war dead have been reinterred.
Hopefully this organization will be helpful to you in your search(es).
I apologize for delay in getting our semi-irregular newletter out. Things have been a bit hectic and my network has been unreliable. Also for those who follow my writings in the various Groups within which I am a participant, you may have noticed I have been uploading a lot of information to ManyRoads. Unfortunately that becomes very problematic when the network doesn’t work well.
Once again, numerous, very thoughtful and generous folks have sent us materials to share on the web. We greatly appreciate the ‘donations’ and will make them available as we are able. If you have photos, maps, stories that you think fit with our audience and subject matter, we’d love to hear from you.
Anyway here are ManyRoads major updates for the last 30+ days:
Danzig Maps – Danziger Landkarten
Übersichtskarte von Mitteleuropa Danzig- 1902
Danzig
Danzig- 1886
Danzig- 1910
Danzig- 1910(2)
Danzig- 1918
Danzig- 1932
Danziger Gebiet
Danziger und der Weichselkorridor
Danzig-Westpreusssen
Gebiete Freie Staat Danzig
Germany until 1945
Northern Germany (Nord Deutschland)- 1910
Germany – Deutschland- 1937
German Empire- Deutsches Reich- 1937
East & West Prussia – Ost und West Preußen
Ostpreussen
Ostpreussen- 1882
Ostpreußen 30 April 1945
Ostpreussen- 1882
Ostpreussen Landkarte- unknown date
Preussen- unknown date
Preussen- 1751 (La Prusse)
Preussen Politische Uebersicht
Westpreussen
Westpreussen- 1882
Westpreussen- 1900
Westpreussen- Mallek Gross
West und Ost Preussen- 1896
West & East Prussia- 1906
Ost und Westpreussen
Westpreussen und Danziger Bucht
Ostpreussen- 2
Westpreussen- 2
Heimat Preussen
Vertreibung Landkarten (German Expulsion Maps)
Vertriebene aus den deutschen Ostgebieten 1
Vertriebene aus den deutschen Ostgebieten 2
Vertriebene aus den deutschen Ostgebieten 3
1945 Aufteilung Deutschland
For those researching Central Europe and the Baltic regions, I have placed 14
maps covering the time from the late Roman Empire (around 400) up to 1812 on
ManyRoads.
Soviet Gulags
Gulags
Gulag Slavery
Russian Memorial Gulag Map
World War 2 Maps
Allied Occupation Zones- 1945
Attack of the Red Army- Jan. to April 1945
Eastern Front- Jan.to May 1945
Generalne Gubernatorstwo- 1945
Aufteilung Deutschland- 1945
Reichsgaue- 1941
Abstimmungsgebiete
On one of the Yahoo groups in which I participate, I noticed that people seemed to be struggling a bit to understand when, where, and when Germans moved into Eastern Europe (including places like Pommerania, West Prussia, East Prussia). I have posted a VERY simple, map tutorial covering German and other Central European peoples migrations and/or locations before the World Wars.
I hope this post helps makes it a bit easier to understand and find what types of people may have lived near the areas you are researching.
The following West/East Prussia addressbooks (and now we have several from Pommern as well…) have newly been added to ManyRoads. Looks like it about time to rearrange things.
Die Familiennamen von Stolp und Umgebung im 16 Jahrhundert
Stolp Adressbuch- 1914
Stolp Adressbuch- 1920
Stolp Adressbuch- 1931
Stolp Adressbuch- 1936
Stolp Adressbuch- 1938
As always, I want to request any/all of you who have genealogical websites please consider reciprocal linking with ManyRoads. There is no cost and both your site and ManyRoads will benefit from the links. Simply place a link to http://many-roads.com on your site; send me an email letting me know you have made the link; and, I’ll place a link to your site.
As many of you are aware, I have been trying to decipher a Russian document that Soviets created as justification for sending my grandmother into a Gulag following WW2. To help me with my sleuthing, I have found and used the following tools:
What I did to help me in my search was to carefully look at the Cyrillic script and attempt to define each letter using the script as presented on the site at item 1 above. Once I found (or thought I found) the script letters, I entered them in using the Russian On-line Keyboard (using item 2 above). With the typed words in hand, I Googled and yanexed (Russian search engine) seeking hits on my words. In my case, they did not find anything useful.
SO next, I used the Automatic Cyrllic converter (item 3 above). Entering phonetic variations on my grandmother’s hometown (Zeyervorderkampen) in the converter, I discovered that the Cyrillic script/ typing looked an awful lot like Zeyervorderkampen. Originally it had been translated as Zecher Werder- Kosipel, but I could not find anything that matched that name or anything close to it.
Being a big proponent of following the obvious, I now assume that my Oma’s bill of indictment does not place her in a location other than Zeyervorderkampen prior to her 2 plus year incarceration in the Chelyabinskaya Gulag.
Also today, I received the following note from my friend Martin:
Mark, hier kommt nun mein Versuch zur Klärung Deiner Frage:
1. In der russischen Anklageschrift wird als Geburtsort Pietzkendorf , Rayon (Kreis) Groß Werder genannt. In dem Schreiben vom DRK München vom 15.1.2010 heißt der Geburtsort Zeyer(s)vorderkampen. Pietzkendorf liegt etwas westlich von Tiegenhof, das andere Dorf Zeyersvorderskampen liegt östlich, im Nogatdelta, aber beides im Kreis Großes Werder. Woher die widersprüchlichen Angaben kommen, ist mir nicht klar.
2. in dem gleichen russischen Papier, nur eine Zeile tiefer, wird der Wohnort bezeichnet mit “Zecher-Ferder- Kaxxxx.
Ich lese das als Zeyervorderkampen. Das Y im Zeyer… hat der Mann wohl als X gelesen, das ist das cha im russischen Alphabet, also Zecher…
Ferder könnte man wohl mit Vorder.. übersetzen (wie gehört, gesprochen), und das dritte Wort beginnt zumindest mit Ka.., die weiteren Buchstaben kann nicht mal meine Irina entziffern. Dafür habe ich meinen Freund, russischer Übersetzer, morgen hier, und dann hoffe ich, dass wir das endgültig klären.
Grüße über den Teich – Martin
I may not be right, but I feel confident that I am closer to the truth today than I was two days ago when I started.
This document has been translated and reworked with additional family history
by Mark Rabideau.
The District of Zeyer was located in the northeast corner of the Free State of Danzig, in the area that included the towns of Grosses Werder, Zeyer, Stuba and Schlangenhaken. The district followed the Nogat River, starting at the village Zeyer to the Vistula Lagoon estuary. The total area of the District was about 2510 hectares (~6200 acres) of which 480 hectares (`1200 acres) were the village of Zeyer, Stuba with the village of Neudorf was about 610 hectares (~1500 acres) , Zeyersvorderkampen about 1020 hectares (~2500 acres) and Schlangenhaken another 400 hectares (~1000 acres). The total population of the district was roughly 1735 inhabitants of German descent and origin. The population was exclusively engaged/ employed in agriculture and related professions.
Up until 1945, the farms located in the area were in good condition. The majority of the farms and agricultural property holdings were small to medium sized. The lands of Zeyersvorderkampen were particularly favorable to dairies; the larger farms historically were also devoted to rapeseed, wheat, and sugar beet cultivation.
While Zeyer and Stuba were built-up areas, Zeyersvorderkampen and Schlangenhaken were so-called scattered settlements. Zeyer was considered to be the oldest settlement in the district. School texts chronicled settlement in the Zeyer village area as early as 1200; followed somewhat later by the village of Stuba. Zeyersvorderkampen, which consisted of several islands in the Nogat delta, was settled much later, around 1730. The town of Schlangenhaken was newest settlement in the district, it came into existence in 1929. Schlangenhaken was settled in the uncultivated areas of the Kampen Nogatmündung by order of the Danzig Senate.
Milk production was the key agricultural commodity produced in the district. Even during the war (WW2), a modern dairy under private ownership was located in Zeyer; while a cooperative dairy was located in Zeyersvorderkampen [Papatschen cooperative was partly owned by Richard Senger].
[see:
A third dairy, with offices in Stuba, was shut down during the war and merged with the dairy supplier in Zeyer.
In the commercial sector, there were four shops located in the village Zeyer including, grocery and hardware stores; one wind mill; a restaurant with bakery operations; a dry goods store selling clothing, footwear and dry goods. Additionally, there was a bakery and an inn (guest house).
Commercial enterprises in Zeyer included: a dairy, a butcher, a wheelwright, a blacksmith and two container manufacturers. The public sector in Zeyer included government buildings, two schools, two customs officers houses, a post office, a parsonage, and three village offices and a fire station.
The Zeyer Lutheran Church was located on the opposite bank of the Nogat in Elbing County.
On January 21, 1945, the first Russian tanks arrived unexpectedly in Elbing, just 8 km away. The population of the administrative district Zeyer received notification that night from the district office in Tiegenhof to immediately evacuate the area. Although the evacuation was prepared for in theory, it did not go according to the pre-arranged plan. The original plan was to evacuate across the Vistula but because early that morning all the roads had become congested and overrun by the fleeing population, that evacuation plan was impossible. Additionally, the rural population found it very difficult to leave their farms. At the same time, the German Wehrmacht had hurriedly constructed a front along the Elbing River behind which people felt temporarily secure. Only the population of villages of Zeyer and Stuba fled towards Zeyersvorderkampern and Schlangenhaken.
During that same time, the entire livestock of the region had been driven off by Räumkommandos (Jeeps, personnel carriers) and grain reserves had been taken, as well. All that remained in the area were food stuffs capable of feeding the population for a short time.
The church came under artillery bombardment during the course of the fighting on February 3, 1945 as did the Zeyersvorderkampen dairy, three taverns, two dry goods stores, the forge and public buildings including: a school, five town buildings and the fire station.
Local horse stocks were taken over by the army. At the onset of battle, destruction of the buildings in Zeyer was limited to those on the edges of town. Initially only 3 properties were burned to the ground. However, very many buildings suffered heavy damage from artillery shelling and gun fire. But, the greatest destruction to the Zeyer area occurred after the area was occupied by Russians and Poles.
After the occupation, those who were left behind in the area no longer had any way to escape, since the Russians had already pushed through the province of Pomerania to the Baltic Sea.
On March 8, 1945, the German army was forced to retreat from its positions on the Nogat. The remaining civilian population was forced to withdraw to the Vistula Spit, where they were met by ships, mostly brought from Denmark. A small portion of the population in Zeyer could not bring themselves to leave their homes and awaited the arrival of the Russians. Most of those remaining people were working class families, the elderly as well as farming families [including Richard and Frieda Senger, ages 66 and 46 respectively.].
Based upon statements from a number of the survivors of the fall of Zeyer, those who were later expelled by the Poles, we know the following. After the arrival of the Russians in Zeyer on March 9, 1945, the entire remaining population was rounded up. All men between the ages of 16 and 60 were transported to the east [for incarceration in Soviet Gulags- concentration camps]. A number of the remaining survivors were held for questioning by the Soviets and ultimately tortured to death. Shortly after the arrival of the Russians in Zeyersvorderkampen the first murders began. The following were executed by the Russians for unknown reasons:
Farmer Franz Thiessen (7O years)
Farmer Adolf Block
Hulda Janzen and her daughter Klara Eichhorn with 1 year old son/ grandson
Mr. & Mrs. A. Mierau
18-year-old Christine Wichert
Anna Braun of Zeyersvorderkampen
four-member family of farmer Fritz Dudenhöft
disappearing without a trace were Mr. & Mrs. Rathke Zvk
What remained of the population of Zeyer was forced to go to Elbing to try and find food, as none was provided.
As the Russian troops withdrew and the first Poles moved in as an adventurous, unruly rabble. They looted houses of anything that remained from what the Russians had left behind. The Russians took all surviving animals and the best furniture. Agricultural implements and machinery were gathered by the Poles, bartered and taken away. The Vistula and Nogat dikes were breeched or blown up thereby flooding the entire countryside. The withdrawing Russians built bridges and walkways as needed from the materials remaining of destroyed homes and buildings. Under the management of the Poles, the devastation continued. Buildings were abandoned due to lack of heating fuel or power; according to reports, many houses were also left without windows and doors.
The loss of life continued as many committed suicide. The remaining German population lived in Poland under the worst possible conditions; they received far too little food and were forced to do hard labor every day under severely abusive conditions.
Old, frail people; women with young children were forced to walk the 15 km [9 miles] [from Zeyer] to Tiegenhof in the freezing cold. In Tiegenhof, they were loaded into open rail cars bound for Marienburg; any baggage weighing more than 30 pounds was taken from them. From Marienburg, the journey continued to Halle in the eastern zone [Soviet Zone] of Germany where the deportees usually were force relocated. Numbers of deportees did not survive the hardships and died.
In the villages [Soviet style] collective farms were established because the Poles were not able to manage the farmlands privately.
The church came under artillery bombardment during the course of the fighting on February 3, 1945 as did the Zeyersvorderkampen dairy, three taverns, two dry goods stores, the forge and public buildings including: a school, five town buildings and the fire station.
2 February is one of those days that adds a bit of winter fun to many Americans’ lives. For me though, it is something much more. It was 122 years ago today (2 February 2011) that my grandfather was born. As readers of this site will most likely know, he remains one of my life’s great influences. He is one of those loved people to whom much of my ManyRoads work is dedicated.
Richard Senger was born on this day in 1879. He was born the third child of ten to Michael Senger and Adelgunde geboren Kiehl in Zeyersniederkampen, Westpreussen, Deutschland (a heimat -homeland- that is no more). He survived fighting in the trenches of World War 1 France, the occupation and removal of all his possessions by the allies after World War 2, the abduction and incarceration of his wife in Soviet Gulags. He was a stoic, thoughtful, hard-working man.
The second of February is to me, first and foremost, my Opa’s birthday.
First, let me apologize for the delay in publishing the ManyRoads, semi-irregular Newsletter. But as you might imagine, things here have been busy, hectic, and ‘interesting’. Holidays, the end of the year plus some unanticipated technological & familial ‘adventures’ have all played their part in the delay. Oh well….
From a genealogy perspective things have been interesting and fun. We managed to identify numerous “new to us” relations, friends, documentation, and histories. Our website traffic has continued to grow, although more slowly than before. I certainly also am appreciative of the many folks who have written us and also to those new subscribers of our Newsletter.
As you may have noticed, the past month included a fairly eclectic variety of postings and updates. I am most pleased with the updates in our Verteibung, Elbing Damals Galleries as well as to our Prussian Addressbooks. We also managed to add several new maps and map pages to the site during December and January- all in the Prussian maps area.
Once again, numerous, very thoughtful and generous folks have sent us materials to share on the web. We greatly appreciate the ‘donations’ and will make them available as we are able. If you have photos, maps, stories that you think fit with our audience and subject matter, we’d love to hear from you.
Lastly, before I announce the list of last months publications, I would emphasize one posting above all:On the “Vertreibung”, Expulsions, and Hope . This posting came about due to popular demand. I hope it helps explain my perspective and provides a clearer context for my efforts in that arena.
Finally the list! Here are other ManyRoads items of note published during the past month or so:
As always, I want to request any/all of you who have genealogical websites please consider reciprocal linking with ManyRoads. There is no cost and both your site and ManyRoads will benefit from the links. Simply place a link to http://many-roads.com on your site; send me an email letting me know you have made the link; and, I’ll place a link to your site.
In Zeyervorderkampen during and before World War 2, there was a small Käserei (Meierei) Dairy that was owned, all or in part, by Richard Senger.
Based upon maps and analysis of the region (today Kepiny Male) by Rainer Glodde-Mueller during his 2010 journey to the area, it is believed that the following photos are what remains of that past business. Obviously the buildings had been worked on in the early 1950s (see the photo with the dated stone near the roof peak).
Discussions with Luise Senger Rabideau (Richard’s daughter) were not definitive in identifying these buildings positively. A mystery remains. Are these, or are they not, the buildings that once housed the Papatschen Käserei (Meierei)…
Polish courtesy of Google Translate:
W Zeyervorderkampen w trakcie i przed 2 wojny światowej, była mała Käserei (Meierei) mleczarskich, które było własnościąwszystkich lub części, Richarda Senger.
Na podstawie mapy i analiza regionu (dziś Kępiny Male) RaineraGlodde-Mueller podczas jego podróży do 2010 na obszarze, uważa się, że poniższe zdjęcia są co pozostaje, że w przeszłościfirmy. Oczywiście budynków została opracowana w na początku 1950 (na zdjęciu z dnia kamień w pobliżu szczytu dachu).
Rozmowy z Luise Senger Rabideau (córka Ryszarda) nie byłyostateczne w identyfikacji tych budynków pozytywnie. Tajemnicapozostaje. Czy te, lub nie są one, budynki, które kiedyśznajdowały się Papatschen Käserei (Meierei) …
After searching for more than 70 years for documentary evidence, on 11 December 2010, we finally viewed the image of the birth record of Adelgunde Wilhelmine Senger geboren (born) Kiehl (my great-grandmother- “O-oma“). It was one of those ‘hoped for’ breakthrough findings. Earlier we had uncovered evidence on FamilySearch saying that her birth record was in fact located in Graudenz Mittelbezirk Westpreussen. Just about 6 weeks ago, we ordered the microfilm and sure enough, there it was. We now have the film on permanent hold in our local family history center in Parker.
Her birth was on the 6th of October 1850. Her father was Erdmann Kiehl and her mother was Esther Adelgunde Grindemann. There is additional information on the record we need yet to assess, including the name of her birth town (not very easy to read on the photo we currently have). We also hope to find evidence of her parents births, ideally in the same church/ area.
This set of films documents the Battle of Verdun in which Richard Senger fought, was wounded and earned an Iron Cross 2nd Class. He served in the Prussian (German) Artillery. This is the same area where Adolf Senger was killed and is buried.
For some reason Christmas, this year, reminds me of WW1. I know it shouldn’t.
I have no idea why I am reminded of WW1- perhaps it is because I have been doing a lot of genealogy and I spend a lot of time thinking about the past. And, the past always reminds me of my Opa (Richard Senger). His life and mine have been deeply affected by the Great War (his directly.. mine vicariously).
I know a war is historically over at a definitive point in time, but emotionally that may not be the case. It seems more like waves… each following the other, getting smaller and shallower with time and distance. The pain of the Great War continues to ripple across time, still affecting me. His pain, his strength, his loss, all remain in my heart and remain real.
Which genetic genealogy DNA service is best? This is the question with which I am currently wrestling. Perhaps one or more of our knowledgeable readers has some insights to share. I certainly would appreciate experienced observations and insights into our dilemma.
Here are the basic objectives of our DNA search:
We’d like information and insight on any Native American information on the male Rabideau and female Deyo line (I do not currently have access to male Deyo DNA); we also seek information on the background of both lines in Europe and before.
We seek information on the Senger- Recht matrilineal lines; there is no DNA material available for either line on the male side, of which I am aware (the world wars took care of that…). This will be a search for European and pre-European migrations etc.
My assumption is that we ultimately are best served by having my father’s DNA run for both matrilineal and patrileneal lines (additionally examining both sides for Native American markers). We also ought to have my mother’s DNA run for our Prussian ancestry markers to check her matrilineal lines for European migrations etc.
If you have already conducted similar research…
With which services have you had good success/ positive experiences?
Are there obvious flaws in my plan?
What would you do differently from my plan or recommend I include in our search?
We have a list of links to the providers we have found on our Links page (see Genetic Genealogy). Perhaps we have missed some important players? Perhaps you can tell us which are best, based upon your experience(s)…
Who says genealogy is not full of surprises? Well, not me!
Over the past few months I have had the wonderful good fortune of coming into to contact with two magnificent people (families). One of them grew up near the village(?) where my grandmother (Frieda Senger) was born and raised- Pietzkendorf. The other has been a family friend for more than 250 years and now lives in Dakar, Senegal.
I am truly amazed that this website and my genealogical efforts have introduced me to both Rainer and Hans; or more precisely, these efforts have made it possible for us to find each other. All three of us and our families truly have traveled ManyRoads, gone different directions and yet we have very much in common- a love for place, a sense of community, and a willingness to continue to help each other unravel the threads of time in our collective efforts to find out more about who and what we are.
It is truly a wonder!
A friend from the area of Pietzkendorf, which exists no more.
A friend living in Africa whose family and mine are linked together for more than 250 years in the area of Zeyer.
It amazes me… Vielen dank Rainer und Hans fuer die Bilder, Buecher, hilfe, geduld, und freundschaft.
Well it’s about time for the ManyRoads Monthly Update-Newsletter. The past month has been quite eventful.
Among the most interesting events to occur during the past month is that our visitor numbers have grown moved from around 130 per day to nearly 200 per day. I understand that for large sites, we are still pikers. However in the genealogical world, according to Genealogy.org, we are in the top 35 of the sites tracked by them.
As our readership continues growing, we are also being allowed to discuss our genealogy interests in other venues. In terms of Guest Blogging, I am no longer just a guest Blogger on http://geneabloggers.com but have also been invited to write for http://obituarieshelp.org.
Before I open this month’s laundry list of happenings, I want to request any/all of you who have genealogical websites consider reciprocal linking with ManyRoads. There is no cost and both your site and ManyRoads will benefit from the links. Simply place a link to http://many-roads.com on your site; send me an email letting me know you have made the link; and, I’ll place a link to your site.
Finally the list! Here are other ManyRoads items of note from the past month:
We have gone public and become official with our Pay it forward arrangements. Please contact us if you have information to share. To the extent possible, we make everything we receive free to our readership. The only impediment we have experienced thus far that precludes providing free access is copyright.
Thursday the 7 October 2010 was one of those spectacular days for a family genealogist!
I went to the Parker Family History Center to do research in the Ladekopp/ Pietzkendorf Evangelische Kirche records. I had no idea what, if anything I might find. What I found was both amazing and joyful. I found my grandmother’s baptismal record (birth record):
Frieda Auguste Recht
I also found the records for two of her siblings, Ella and Ernst.
Ella Selma Recht
Ernst Hermann Ferdinand Recht
Based on the information I uncovered here is what I believe to be the situation.
The Hermann Recht- Auguste Kunz family moved to Pietzkendorf, near Ladekopp, after the birth of their eldest daughter Erna in November of 1892 but before the birth of their son Ernst in December of 1893. I also discovered that a Ferdinand Kunz of Neuteicherwaelde was in attendance at the baptism of Ella Recht in December of 1896. My thoughts are that this might be either the father or brother of Auguste Kunz. The search continues!
By the end of WW2, the destruction of Germany was nearly total. Almost every city had been leveled; the remnants of families were scattered all over Germany, Europe, North and South America. Everyone had lost family members or friends. According to Wikipedia losses in the Third Reich were:
A Heimatsortskartei was set up in post WW2 Germany for the purpose of identifying and locating people in the catastrophic aftermath and destruction of WW2. Finding loved ones and discovering their fate was essential.
The Heimatortskartei provided hope and was the resource. Although these files may not be readily accessible in Germany because of the infamous Datenschutz -data protection laws; they are available through the LDS Church Archives.
And now a personal history of the Heimatortskartei use…
Date: 1998/05/30 20:16:45
From: W. Fred Rump [email address removed]
Hi,
Many months ago I promised Wolfgang N[...] a report on what is to be found in these films [Heimatortskartei]. Below is a sample of the contents of the film available at the LDS for two particular houses in Elbing, West Prussia as of January 1945.
The following residents were found in a film obtained from the FHC in Salt Lake City entitled: Heimatsortskartei Danzig-Westpreussen. It particularly references certain streets in Elbing, Westpreussen among which is the one I was born on, namely Tannenberger Allee. Some background and recollections are included in this report which I just wrote while traveling across the US.
In my visit to Elbing in 1995 I found #97 still standing and in need of some maintenance like most other houses in the area. The old red brick which I still remember was now gone and again, like most other houses, was now stuccoed which patchy gray cement. I don’t have too many memories of my childhood or Elbing. This is rather strange to me since I lived there from my birth in December 1937 until our sudden exit in January 1945. By then I was eight years old and should really have very vivid recollections of earlier times. What exists is not fluid but rather come in bits and pieces mostly of times when I got into some kind of trouble. Other memories are confused as to whether they are from stories told by my mother, other relatives or from pictures I’ve seen. It bothers me greatly that I don’t have better recollections of my pre-1945 childhood. Time seems to have started with our flight from the Russians and everything before that is very blurred and fragmented. I suppose what I know is a mixture of things. I will never know what is real from my experiences and what came to me from other sources later in life. In any case, my youth and size influence the pictures I have formed at the time. Things simply used to be much bigger and more impressive from what I saw in 1995.
I remember the front steps. I sat on them quite often and the individual steps were much higher. I had to climb up three individual steps to get into the house. Today these same steps went down. They were also very normal in size. The street had been raised as the rubble of the destruction of the city was simply used to elevate many streets of the city and then resurfaced by the new occupants of the city after the war. The big chestnut trees were also gone and smaller trees now stood in different locations. Those chestnuts provided much fun as my sister and I created little figures out of them by joining various sizes with little sticks and carving eyes into them.
The other major change to my view of the street was the missing house next door (#95) where my Aunt and Uncle, Erna and Fritz Gro[ss] lived among other residents. Their children, Waltraut (Traute)+ and Erwin, today live in Eschweiler near Aachen. I suppose that house was bombed or burned and never restored. We lived right across from a railroad freight yard and I expect that quite a bit of fighting was going on there along with bombing of the railroad. There used to be a path, the width of a small driveway, which permitted access to the rear of both properties. It was in back of #95 where our huge garden was located. How small it had gotten.
The garden is where the Stachelbeeren (gooseberries) grew. There were fruit trees back there and many delicious items could be retrieved in the summertime. I had always dreamed of this vast garden of my childhood and here in 1995 it was but a small patch of nothingness. It is possible that a couple trees still standing dated to pre-1945 but they looked nothing like the large trees of delicious magic which I thought had stood there. The garden was a big, big disappointment to me. What did they do to my garden?
Turning to the rear of #97 there was another set of steps there. This time they still went up just as I remember them. My grandfather’s work shed was still there too but it used to be so neat and always seemed to be freshly painted. There was no evidence of any paint ever having touched it left. Back to the front of the house I look up to what used to reach to the sky. Three stories of windows had shrunk to just a normal house. An old lady with one gold tooth looks out the bottom floor window and smiles. What a view!
It is difficult talking to her but I suppose she knew why we were there. Most people know that the Germans who come to visit used to call this home. The current residents are almost embarrassed at the set of circumstances but are friendly and open to the situation. We get a drift of complaints from our one- tooth lady. Nothing is ever fixed in the house. It belongs to the city now. We try to get away from her as communications is not going well. I walk down the front steps into what is the Treppengang (stair entrance to the various apartments).The tiled floor is still the same. That seems odd to me. I rush up the steps just to see if the door to our place is where I thought it was. It’s still the same. I try to take a picture but the camera does not want to flash in the dark and I’m too nervous to fix the problem. I have to leave and go away.
I shoot some outside pictures and promise myself to reconnoiter the railroad on the other side. That’s where the near empty drum of tar used to be were I just had to climb in to see what was there. One of those eventful happenings a boy tends to never forget. Of course there are many other recollections mostly of the ‘getting into trouble’ kind but these will be written up in a section of my growing up.
My mother inherited both properties from her father upon his death. My parents paid the other children their appropriate shares as my grandfather had wanted. My parents were deeply hurt when after the war some of my mom’s sisters had casually forgotten these payoffs and now claimed equal shares of the little money my parents received from the German government under the term: Lastenausgleich. The idea was to provide a small amount to start anew and also to relinquish what was now in Polish hands. Luckily the legal papers were found and the entire matter was cleared up but the hurt remained. I had often wondered as to who all the people were who lived in our houses. My parents often spoke of such and such and I never paid too much attention then.
From a friend I met on the internet (Wolfgang N[...]) I found out that the LDS has films of the Heimatortskartei which were collected by the various refugee groups in order to find lost relatives. I ordered these films back in November of 1997 and did not get to see them until May of 1998. I do not know if the list includes everyone or is just a listing of those who had an inquiry posted about someone.
In any case, for the sake of history here are the listed residents of #95 and #97 Tannenberger Allee. We start with what was found in house number sequence for #95:
Ausgestellt (submitted) 3.4.53, (by) Erna Gross, nee Robiller; born 4.3.04 in Elbing, nach (went to) Finow/Mark (Brandenburg), Kastanienallee 23; dann (then) Emden, Auricher Strasse 23, dann Eschweiler/Kr Aachen, Kreichsburg 16. Sucht (is looking for) Gross, Fritz, 24.3.05, Elbing, Maschinenschlosser bei Schichau. +31.12.45 ?
Ausgestellt 1.6.56, Erwin Gross, 9.11.31 Elbing, dann Ludwigshafen-Friedenheim, Hindenburg Str 2, Suchdienst fuer Fritz Gross am 19.3.45 von Polen verschleppt.
This page is under development; research is on-going
Note: additional source materials are currently being obtained.
The Otto und Ella Wedhorn history is unusually sad one. It is also one of resilience. Otto and Ella were Luise Senger’s Aunt and Uncle (Ella was sister to Frieda Recht). Our families had basically been lost to each other until 2011 when Norbert Grohmann contacted me here on ManyRoads.
Otto Wedhorn was born on October 17, 1878, location under investigation.
Ella Recht was born in Pietzkendorf, West Prussia on born: 21 Dec. 1896 – baptized: 21 Feb. 1897
The Wedhorn’s and their family, like the Senger’s, were severely impacted by World War 2; many did not survive. Here is what we know:
Otto Wedhorn Senior was fortunate and survived the conflagration. Otto and the surviving members of the Wedhorn Family, with the exception of Frieda, lived in the German Democratic Republic (DDR- Deutsche Demokratische Republik; the Soviet Zone of Germany). In 1963, Otto Wedhorn (Sr.) died in a hospital near Fichtenwalde, a few days after having a stroke (Gehirnschlag). He was 84 years old. His daughter Kaethe was with him up to his end; but his daughter Frieda, could not visit him any more after the Berlin Wall was built in 1961.
Ella Recht was raped by invading Soviet troops in her home in Orlofferfelde. In that same time period, Ella Recht’s deportation to the Russian Gulags was not undertaken because she had contracted typhus. The Russians let her go due to the risk of spreading infection. Ella died in a hospital in Elbing on May 18, 1945. It was her silver wedding day.
Like so many German women, Frieda geb. Wedhorn was deported into a forced (slave) labor camp (Gulag) in the USSR in 1945. Frieda managed to survive the ordeal and in 1947 was finally released to a reception camp in Frankfurt/Oder.
Otto Wedhorn and Ella Recht were married in Ladekopp, West Prussia. The date of their marriage was May 18, 1920. Their marriage was unhappy and produced four known, named children:
Otto (According to Frieda geboren Wedhorn: In 1945, Otto Wedhorn, Jr. was together with his mother Ella in an assembly camp where the Germans to be deported were rounded up; but due to [a] typhus breakout in that camp, the Russians didn’t want Otto even though he was not infected and so they told them to go away. Otto Wedhorn (Jr.) when relating his Vertreibung ordeals to Frieda mentioned that the Soviets acted as if they were almost afraid of him, a 15 year old boy. In truth it was probably because he came from the typhus infected assembly point where Ella Recht died. Later after the Soviets discontinued their initial deportation program of German civilians, they even gave him bread to eat and treated him almost nicely. But Otto Jr. had to be very careful with the Poles who were rather aggressive when they discovered he was German. Otto Wedhorn (Jr.) remained in Elbing until he had buried his mother Ella, and then he went home to find his father and sister.)
Research is underway in the ev. Kirche Ladekopp to determine what, if anything, can be found. This history is based upon a verbal history from Luise Senger Rabideau as told to Mark Rabideau. As noted above, on 6 October I was contacted by Norbert Grohmann, Frieda Wedhorn’s son. He, his sister Monika and I have been actively sharing stories with an eye towards more accurately describing what happened to the family during and after WW2. Below are the photos I have of the family from Norbert & Monika Grohmann.
Today while I was reviewing at the locations of the ManyRoads readers I came across, what for me was, a rather large surprise. ManyRoads had a reader from Chelyabinsk, RU. For those who follow the site closely, you will note that this is the same town where my Oma (grandmother) was forced to work for several years in one of Stalin’s Gulags as a slave laborer (then refered to as a mobilized German).
I am very pleased to welcome the Chelyabinsk reader to ManyRoads. добро пожаловать!
I hope they find the information presented here interesting and informative.
A lot has gone during the past month or so. Not only have we added a lot of new material to ManyRoads but we have achieved some important milestones, as well. Per normal, rather than bore you with a lot of details, I will outline most of the key happenings. But before I do that, a couple of important ManyRoads items have transpired. Firstly, we have signed up our first customers. We are excited and progress is beginning to be made. Also I have been invited to write periodic articles for http://geneabloggers.com. Also our readership numbers have almost doubled in the past month. Please invite your friends, we hope they are able to find useful information on our site. And last but certainly not least, I have been invited to speak at the Parker LDS Family History Center on 16 September 2010; stop by if you are in town!
Now on to the other major postings I placed on ManyRoads over the past month or so (just click on a title to read the article…):
What a cruel thing is war…to fill our hearts with hatred instead of love for our neighbors, and to devastate the fair face of this beautiful world.
Robert E. Lee
Wars are destructive. The glory of war is an illusion. Wars accomplish little more than to cause death, heartache, pain, and loss. If you have read our family history, you will know that many family members have gone to war; fewer have returned. It matters not whether their cause was victorious or even remembered; their sacrifice was total.
In honor of these family members and in the hope that their sacrifices are neither repeated nor forgotten, we dedicate two ballads from Steve McDonald. Je me souviens…
Erich Senger was born in Zeyervorderkampen, West Prussia on 10 Dec 1921 to Richard and Frieda Senger. He spent his youth growing up on the Senger farm along with his sister Luise.
Erich was a mischievous, precocious and inventive child. As a children he and his sister Luise walked from their home across the Schulweg to attended a small public school in the village of Zeyer. When they were out of school they both helped work the farm, as best they could. However as with most children their love was with their pets, a chicken and a little dog named Fifi.
Among his early childhood adventures, Erich built a small electric generator to power a radio and other small electric devices on the farm; the generator power was obtained by conscripting his little sister, Luise, to sit on a modified bicycle and peddle. Without a battery to store the generated electricity, things only worked while Luise peddled. It was a project that pleased Erich but frustrated Luise.
Perhaps Erich’s most audacious escapade involved Erich and his best friend Willi Foellmer building an airplane out of left-over construction lumber. They dragged the plane to the top of the barn, got it out onto the roof and were going to ‘fly’ it off the roof. Onkel Rudolph (Senger) who was in his room (upstairs in the house) saw them on the roof getting ready to fly. He went and got Papa (Richard Senger). The men rushed into the barn and up on its roof and stopped the boys before they launched the plane; saving both Erich and Willi from severe bodily injury.
By 1939, Erich had been enlisted into the Deutsche Luftwaffe. As a Luftwaffe enlisted man, he rode as a rear gunner on a Stuka fighter. Early on in the war he was stationed in the East, first in the Georgian Soviet Republic and later on the Eastern front itself, ultimately obtaining a severe and lifelong injury from freezing in Stalingrad.
After he recuperated from his frostbite injury, he was sent to fight on the Western front; again as a rear gunner on a Stuka. In 1944, his plane was shot down over France. He was captured by the British and as a Prisoner of War (PoW) he was transferred from France to England to serve in a PoW Camp. While in transit on a British PoW truck through Paris, he was machine gunned in the back by members of the Free French. The wounds he received in this incident were ultimately the major contributing factor to an aneurysm from which he died some 35 years later.
After being wounded, Erich was transferred to England for recuperation and incarceration. He spent the next 3+ years in a Prisoner of War camp in England, mostly working as a cook.
Finally in late 1947 or early 1948, Erich was allowed to return to Germany, joining with his parents and sister in Murnau, Bavaria. When Erich returned to Germany he needed a job. Luise (his sister), who was working as a secretary to the US Military Community Affairs officer went to her boss Frau Pichler and asked for her help. Frau Pichler located an American Army Captain (we believe his name was Captain Knight) who was married with three children and was looking for a nanny and household help. Based on Frau Pichler’s recommendation, Erich was given the job, where he rapidly became the Hausmeister and basically ran the household. He took care of the three children (who loved him dearly), did the gardening, and generally kept the household running smoothly. He did his job so well, and the children were so attached to him, that when Captain Knight was given orders to go back stateside he tried to convince Erich to go with them.
After the American family went home, Erich again, needed a job, Luise and Frau Pichler were able to help Erich find a job working in the US Army motor pool as a mechanic.
In 1949, he married Jutta Goldbrunner and adopted her 7 year old son Robert. Due to his frostbite injuries, Erich was never able to father children of his own.
In 1956, Erich rejoined a reconstituted Deutsche Luftwaffe as an air traffic controller. Most of his post World War 2 service took place in Penzing Air Field near Landsberg in Bavaria. He was finally forced to leave his beloved Air Force in 1974 due to age. By that time Erich had attained the highest rank available to an enlisted man in the Luftwaffe.
Sadly on the 26th of June 1981, Erich Senger died of an aneurysm; one caused by the wounds he had received those many years before in France.
this account is a composite of stories related by:
Luise Rabideau, Fred Rabideau and Erich Senger to:
Mark Rabideau and Linda Ziegler
The Senger Family appears to have had a long term link to the lands around Zeyer (see below). I guess it is no wonder that my mother is still so ‘mentally’ attached to this land and region (Es war einmal…).
Thank you to Rainer Mueller-Glodde for this note & excerpt:
Two years ago (2008) a Dr. Glodde from Berlin, [...] tried to find out the meaning of “Glodde”, [and] sent me a shot he made of a document from about 1805 [located] in the Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz. The subject is the estimation of the size of the Grosse Jacob Glode Buden Kampe [in the area of Zeyer, Westpreußen].
Zum Plan von der Großen Buden Kampe
Kott Kampe und Lange Hacken, Sämtliches Land gehörte ehmals dem Einsaßen Glodde, wovon derselbe an die Sengers und Barwigs die Kott Kampe und Lange Hacken verkaufte welche damals betrugen 8 Huf : 12 m : Cut welches aus der unten stehenden alten Berechnung auch zugleich aus der neuen Vermeßung Berechnung zu ersehen ist wie viel die außen Kampen sich vergrößert haben.
Find your friends. If you run a family history/ genealogy website, building associations and affiliations can be a useful and valuable adjunct to your genealogical efforts.
Some of the most interesting and potentially useful affiliations (links) are with are sites and organizations belonging to other family members or family associations. These family members/ associations need not be particularly close, from a genealogical relationship perspective, but rather simply represent individuals or groups searching for, or providing, information on branches, limbs of your family tree. It is additionally helpful if their family name obviously links or relates to those most frequently mentioned on your site. Obvious name linkages make it easier for casual readers and researchers alike to see the importance and enthusiasm for information involving your family, perhaps enticing a more reluctant reader into active participation.
Not only can related sites possible additional readership for, and comments on, your site, but more importantly, they provide you with the potential of finding good and useful sources of genealogical information. Presumably, the readers of closely affiliated and obviously related sites are also interested in assisting in your research success and may, also, be willing to provide you with analysis and reviews on your own research efforts. (N.B. I have found this form of review invaluable in scrubbing errors and addressing omissions in my research.)
In the case of ManyRoads, we have recently come across several such sites. These include:
This post contains the content of the ManyRoads Newsletter:
Welcome to the first ManyRoads Newsletter!
First let me thank everyone for signing up to our little ‘news’ service. I promise not to over crowd your email with tons of messages. My intention is to write one or two of these per month. Each will attempt to provide a brief synopsis of the recent happenings at ManyRoads.
Since this is the first of these messages I would also encourage you to tell me what changes, additions, deletions, or modifications you might like to see in either the newsletter or on ManyRoads. Without your thoughts and input things tend to get a bit one-sided! Anyway, here’s the news…
This past week we celebrated my parents 60th wedding anniversary. Genealogy in the making! See the post at:
I have been trying to figure out if anyone uses the Zotero tools for genealogy work. It seems like a good idea but thus far I have come up empty. More at:
I have begun a series of posts on digging through the past when the information is scare or bad. I don’t know how many of these articles may evolve but right now there are two:
Vertreibung photos and stories… they have reduced to a small trickle. Any pointers are most appreciated.
Kreis Elbing Fotos (the same story)
I was denied permission to publish Peter Gagne’s materials on my family members from his texts. I apologize that this needs to remain under wrap.
ManyRoads most active areas of research:
Rabideau line (my paternal grandfather’s family)
Deyo line (my paternal grandmother’s line)
Senger-Recht (my maternal line)- I have to place orders for more Elbing ev. Kirchregisters (probably from Sankt Ahnen and Heilige Leichnamm- pre-1750 births)
Not all genealogy is in the past. Some of it happens before your very eyes.
This is one of those events and weeks for us. This week is my parents (Fred Rabideau & Luise Senger) 60th Wedding Anniversary. Today we are taking them out for a small dinner celebration.
In those 60 years a lot has changed… the family has grown… life has progressed.
I think that old quote pretty much sums up what happens when searching for the right genealogical toolset.
Too often, people believe that their hardware or operating platform defines their selection choices. In truth, it rarely does. Almost any tool can be run on any platform. Certainly a bit of technical prowess may be required in order to achieve interoperability but it is very doable.
No, the reasons for picking a genealogical toolset should be based on your genealogy management needs not operating or hardware systems. What follows, in no particular order, are most of the factors that I personally see as being important (and I used for my choice of GRAMPS):
ease with which a web display version can be created
the ability to share Events, Places, Media (in technical terms– genealogy objects)
robust database facilities (in other words it supports large databases)
adherence to GEDCOM standards
easy Export and Import facilities
excellent backup, archive and restore capabilities
open software architecture (does not rely on numerous proprietary packages, tools, software or databases)
effective and helpful documentation
an active online support/ user community
robust bug reporting system (so that problems may be communicated to the developers and addressed in future releases)
easy integration with my WordPress BLOG and themes
simple image and document library functions
To me, these factors are much more important in determining whether or not any software package is going to do the job you want. Do not confine yourself to the narrow realms of your operating system or hardware platform. Pick the tool you think best satisfies your actual needs and find out how to make it work on the hardware or OS you have.
With the latest release of GRAMPS (version 3.2.2) I have been able to more tightly integrate the WebSite output of GRAMPS with the ManyRoads site. With this most recent release I have the flexibility of generating html pages- YAY! I am now able to provide the following functions quite easily:
I can add an image -or multiples if I wish- to a GRAMPS generated webpage
Now I am able to effectively link from my GRAMPS (subsystem?) back to my main site; link to pages like my Conatct page or a family branch page.
Similarly I am able to links from my GRAMPS subsystem to the world-wide web.
All in all this additional functionality makes the total site function more smoorthly and in a more integrated fashion. There remain several ‘intergration’ features/ items that would be helpful to GRAMPS -IMHO. These include:
the ability to preserve custom pages as I upgrade to new releases of GRAMPS (right now I need to do that manually)
an easier way to modify and preserve the GRAMPS subsystem css (to preserve my local look & feel)
and a prettier display of html pages within GRAMPS
Excepting the ugly display of html, each of the remaining tasks can be performed manually; it just would be nicer if they we a more standard function within GRAMPS.
The bottom line is that I am VERY happy with GRAMPS. It is easier to use than most commecially available genealogy tool sets, and the support from the GRAMPS team is exceptional! Kudos to GRAMPS.
Note:Several ManyRoads readers have questioned the accuracy of some of the Metis claims presented in this document by Mr. Garneau. Should you have evidence that you would like to present refuting the veracity and accuracy of any claims made by Mr. Garneau, which you would like us to present here, please contact us directly.
We are happy to present all relevant information here, in the interest of fairness, full disclosure and accuracy.
The following material is written by: R.D. (Dick) Garneau, who is solely responsible for its accuracy.
1635
Three marriages, four births and thirteen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle married Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619, see (II)-Pierre Boucher 1634 who married their daughter b-1636
About 31 women were recorded in Kebec at this time, three being Indian girls for marriage to French settlers. These are:
Three native maidens of marriageable age
(I)-Thomasse Gabarette, wife (I)-Francois Albert
Anne Couvent (Convent), b-1601 wife Phillippe Amyot
Simone d’Orgeville (1589-1649) wife (I)-Adrien d’Abancour dit Lacaille, d-1641,
Anne Ardouin d-1670 wife (I)-Jacques Badeau d-1658
(II)-Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet de Belleborne, Metis, b-1630 daughter (I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne (1598-1642) and Nipissirinienne sauvagesse, b-1610. (I)-Jean 2nd marriage Oct. 7, 1737 Kebec, (II)-Marguerite Couillard (1626-1705)
Helene Desportes wife (II)-Guillaume Hebert (1620-1639)
Jeanne Le Marchand wife (I)-Mathieu Michel Le Neuf du Herisson (1601-1642) brother (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie b-1606
(II)-Marguerite Le Gardeur, b-1608, wife (I)-Jacques Le Neuf de la Potherie, b-1606
(I)-Marie Le Neuf du Herisson (1612-1683) wife (1636) (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy de Linclot (1608-1681)
Marie d’Abancour (Avaugour) wife (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651)
Louise sauvagesse wife (1604-1704) (I)-Oliver De La Tour, Judge of Champlain
Marie Langlois wife Jean Junchereau de Maure
Madeleine Le Neuf du Herisson wife Jean Poutrel di Colombier
The Jesuits have established this year 6 residences in New France:
Residence of Sainte Anne at Cape Breton
Residence of Saint Charles at Misku, an island in the Bay of Chaleurs.
Residence of Nostredame de Recouvrance at Kebec, near the fort.
Residence of Nostredame de Anges about 1/2 league from Kebec. This is supported by Monsieur le Marquis de Gamache.
Residence of Conception at Trois Rivieres (Three Rivers)
Residence of Saint Joseph at Ihonatiria among the Huron (Wendat).
Their desire is to open a second residence this year among the Huron but at a different location.
Most Frenchmen were committed to the idea of having marriages that they considered to be valid by their own customs, and those who could afford to make the trip to a local priest generally had their marriages consecrated within the church. However, they could only receive clerical sanction of they married Indian women who had converted to Catholicism and received the sacraments. This and the continual shortage of clergy in the upper country would make this type of marriage uncommon.
The Jesuits send the second barbarian (savage) girl to France for education hopefully to discourage country marriages. They open a school at Quebec for Indian and French children.
The winter of 1634/1635 scurvy visited the Trois Rivieres settlement.
(I)-Rene Brisson b-1635, married (II)-Anne Vesinat (1651-1687) daughter (I)-Jacques Vesinat (Votmine) and Marie Bourdon. (I)-Rene Brison could be son Rene Risson of 1619?
(I)-Georges d’Eudemare arrived Kebec this year and is still in Kebec in 1645.
(I)-Robert Drouin (1607-1685), arrived Kebec 1635 married 1st July 12, 1837, Kebec, Anne Cloutier; see 1634
(I)-Gilles Nicolet arrived Kebec this year and returned to France 1657.
(I)-Francois Petit Pre a Jesuit engage is at Trois Rivieres this year
(I)-Nicolas Marsolet de Saint-Aignan (1587-1677) arrived Kebec having spent (1608-1677) as chief interpreter at Tadoussac, (Quebec). He would spend 1635 to 1677 in Kebec and 2nd married 1636 Marie Lebarbier, b-1620, epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec Denis Lemagire. No mention is made of his first wife in Tadoussac or his Metis children. He did however frequently visit them looking after their welfare.
(I)-Andre de Malapart (Malapart) is in Trois Rivieres this year and is made commandant in 1639.
The mission Trois Rivieres de la Province de Kebec is established this year.
(I)-Andre Malapert is at Trois Rivieres this year. He was still here in 1649.
Birth (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1690) son (I)-Nicolas Pelletier and (I)-Jeanne Du Roussy (1614/1622-1689); married April 1660 Tadoussac, (Quebec) Dorthee sauvagesse (1613-1661), Dorthee died L’Hopital de Quebec.
(I)-St. Jean arrived Kebec in 1635 or earlier.
The Huron People noticed that, with the arrival of the Jesuits, an unknown epidemic struck the villages.
Some Jesuits would prefer that New France remain lightly populated with Frenchmen, as they would be easier to control than a multitude. Immigration will decrease the peace, happiness and good feelings, but France needs an outlet for the multitude of workmen who lack employment. It is noteworthy that France has established a three level class system in New France:
The lowest paid people (engages) are the soldiers, ploughmen, diggers and pit men.
The middle class are tradesmen, masons, carpenters, nail smiths, ironmongers, wet coopers and bakers.
The highest paid are sailors, gunners and masters.
The New France engages are normally indentured for 3-5 years, then offered an opportunity to become colonists or return to France. Most would choose to return to France. After six years of service, one could aspire to become a master and thereby hold shop and train apprentices. The future reality, however, is that the system is designed so that 90% of the people remained as commoners, while only 10% can aspire to middleclass and none to nobility. 80% of New France will be farmers while 20% will be administrators, merchants, religious, soldiers, craftsmen and travelers. This system would encourage young men to become coureur de boise.
The Jesuit have six residences in New France, compared to three French settlements. The residences are; Sainte Anne at Capr Breton; Saint Charles at Miskou; Nostre Dame de Recouvrance near Fort Kebec, Nostre Dame des Anges, a half league from Kebec; Conception at Trois Rivieres; Saint Joseph Ihonatria in Huron Country. All residences are maintained by the Gentlemen of the Company of New France.
(I)-Marc Antoine Brasdefer de Chateaufort (Chasteau-fort) assumed command of Kebec on December 25, 1635 until June 11, 1636, but the effective leadership of New France passed to the Religious Order; in particular- the Jesuit. Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), of France ensured their religious control. One of their first steps was to prevent the French traders from living on Wendat (Huron) lands. Their intent was to control the trade by becoming middlemen as translators. Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), Governor (1672-82 & 1689-98), the Huguenot, would later denounce the Jesuit for not making the Natives adopt the dress and manners of the French, for keeping them isolated and for teaching them in their own language. He and others suggested that the Church’s motivation is economic control of the fur trade rather than spiritual control.
The Commandant at Trois Rivieres, (Quebec) is Marc-Antoine de Bras de Fer, Sieur de Chasteaufort, a Lieutenant who was made acting Governor of New France. The Jesuit had their doubts about the new acting Governor and requested his replacement. New France is controlled by Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), so his removal is inevitable.
A colony is established at Fort Amsterdam on Manhttes Island, (Manhattan Island), New Holland officially dated to1625. Actually Peter Minuit created a deed with the Manahatta Indians in 1626 thus ensuring legal possession of Manhattan. Others date the colony to 1609 when the Dutch ship captained by Henry Hudson landed New York Bay.
At Kebec 7 men harvested 8 puncheons wheat, 2 puncheons peas, 3 puncheons Indian corn, while also making hay, and other work.
(I)-Isaac de Razilly (1587-1636) (some suggest he died 1635) sent a vessel to Penobscot, (Maine) under command of (I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) to take the English trading house and to fortify this location. The settlers were told to remove themselves to below 40 degrees which is the end of French territory. The English hired Mr Girling for a payment of 200 £ to attack and take Fort Penobscot, (Acadia, New France) with his 25 man crew. He expended all his powder and failed to dislodge the 18 French defending their position so he withdrew.
The French abandoned their Fort La Have and moved the inhabitants to Port Royal, Acadia. This effectively changed the Capital of Acadia from La Have to Port Royal. Those settlers who had married Micmac women remained at La Have, Acadia.
(I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny, d-1651, Governor of Canada (1635-1648) ordered the building of the Jesuit College, Kebec
January: Kebec (I)-Pierre Delaunay, b-1616 is in Kebec as agent of the Hundred Associates, he married 1645, Kebec, (II)-Francoise Pinguet, d-1661. He was killed by the Iroquois in November 28, 1654. The savages had complained he was charging exorbitant prices.
January 6: Kebec, a savage girl b-1625 is baptised and is living with a French family.
January 15: (II)-Charles de La Tour (1593-1666) is granted land at the mouth of the St. John River, (Acadia, New Brunswick), where he built a trading post called Fort La Tour.
January 16: Kebec, birth (II)-Guillaume Couillard, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684);
February 18: Trois Riviers baptism Anne 8iperig8e 8a8akhi b-1600 a savagesse of Tadoussac, god father is Mr. de la Violette Governor Trois Riviers
January 27: The Algonquian arrived Trois Rivieres (Quebec) to show the French how to ice fish, thereby avoiding starvation, a secret not known to the Montagnas.
February 2: Kebec, a little savage girl who was sent to France for education is returned with smallpox, is baptised and died.
February 6: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Jean Guiot Le Negrier of Normandie.
March 6: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Pierre Drouet, a carpenter.
March 29: (I)-Francois Petit Pre a Jesuit engage is with the Huron Nation having escaped from the Hiroquois last year.
April 7: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Michel sonet.
April 10: (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, born April 10, 1635, Kebec, died April 25, 1699, Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’ecossais, (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis b-1611?); married January 21, 1648, Jean Cloutier..
April 22: William Alexander, now Earl of Stieling, was given a new land grant in Canada by King Charles I.
May 25: A canoe arrived Kebec to say a French ship was at Tadoussac (Island of Bic) and 5-6 more are on their way. They are determined to attack all those found in the river without commission.
June: Kebec was in panic, all month, as all the men were away trading when they expected a Hiroquois (Iroquois) attack at any moment.
July: Kebec, chevalier de la Roche Jacquelin led 4 ships, one captained by Bontemps, Pierre de Nesle and Castillon.
July 4: A shallop arrived Kebec advising 8 ships arrived, 6 for Tadoussac, 2 for Miscou and 1 for Cape Breton.
July 12: The ship Saint Jacques cast anchor before Kebec.
July 18: Quebec, birth, (II)-Robert Langlois, Algonquin Metis, died June 19, 1654, Kabec, son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), Algonquin Metis, born Hochelaga (Montreal) area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec.
July 22: The French held an assembly at Kebec using interpreters between the French and Huron. The French were ceremonious, greatly offending the Savages, by demanding that the alliance is only possible if the Huron abandon their religion and culture and adopt the French beliefs and worship. The promised to marry the the Savages when they become Christians. This was a change from the Champlain agreement. They promised great trading advantages and would teach the People to make metal goods like hatchets and knives. The People learned that the French will promise anything to achieve their ends and don’t intend to deliver on their promises. The conclusion of the assembly did not end with an agreement as the Huron had no intention of honoring the demands. The Jesuit said their objective is to make the Savages sedentary and docile to French direction.
August 1: Trois Riviers, Father Buteux is at Trois Rivieres with some Montaignais savages hoping to make them sedentary and plant corn.
August 17: This season’s ships brought more Jesuits: Father Pierre Pijart (1608-1676), Father Claude Quentin (1597-1676), Father Le Mercier (1604-1690) and Father Jean de Quen (1603-1659), as well as lay brothers Pierre Le Tellier and Pierre Featue. It is reported that Turkish ships are pirating ships bound for the New World. The Jesuit record the waves of the sea, with hundreds of encounters with Turks, icebergs, reefs, and horrible storms mark our crossing upon leaving the English Channel, the Turks pursued us for 24 hours.
August 28: Fifteen Jesuit reside in New France and four brothers.
September 9: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, married Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis who died from a fall September 11, 1654: 2nd marriage August 21, 1655, Quebec, Anne Gasnier b-1614, died June 27, 1698, Quebec, veuve Jean Clement DuVault, seigneur de Monceaux, chevalier de St. Louis.
October 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Louis Cote, Metis, d-1699 son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married November 6, 1662, Quebec. Elizabeth Langlois.
November 17: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 to (II)-Anne Martin, Metis died December 4, 1684, Kebec, daughter (I)-Abraham Martin (1589-1664) and savage and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611, see 1624.
November 20: Kebec, marriage (I)-Martin Grovel to (II)-Marguerite Auber daughter (I)-Francois Auber (leader of a boat) and Anne Fauconner, died November 30, 1676, L’Ange Gardien, eglise: Marguerite epouse September 26, 1661, Quebec, Michel Filion. It’s interesting she is not on the 1635 list women in Kebec? Possible Metis not living Kebec?? see 1619 Felix Aubert?
December: Kebec, The savages inquired why thy Great King does not forbid them (Frenchmen) from bringing over these drinks that kill us. The Jesuit answered that the (civilized) Frenchmen needed them upon the sea and in the intense cold of this country.
December 9: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Jean Nicolet of Belleborne (1598-1642) is at Trois Riviers this date.
December 22: Monsieur de Malapart is at Trois Riviers involved in a baptism.
December 25: Kebec, death (I)-Samuel Champlain, b-1567, died December 25, 1635, Kebec son Antoine Champlain and Marguerite: married to Helene Boulle, died December 20, 1654
December 25: Stricken with a paralytic stroke, (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), Lieutenant of Fort Kebec, died on Christmas day, one hundred years after the discovery of Hochelaga. He left no known relatives. Some historians believe he suffered from senility, as he dictated a will leaving his possessions to the Virgin Mary. Dates of his death vary from 1635 to 1637. Some believe his grave is in Mountain Hill cemetery which adjoins the Chapel of Notre Dame de la Recouvrance. It is noteworthy that Champlain had crossed the ocean more than 20 times to support his colony in New France.
December 25: New France is effectively controlled by the Jesuits under the direct control of Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessie duc de Richelieu (1585-1642). The Jesuits were given a monopoly over New France. (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) Superior of the Jesuits in New France is also authorized to be Governor of New France in case of extraordinary events. He likely appointed (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort Commandant of Trois Rivieres as acting Governor. In fact the Jesuit had drawn up secret papers assigning him Governorship in the event of Champlain’s death.
(I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort assumed command at Kebec after the death of Champlain. He was General in command at Trois Rivieres.
December 27: Monsieur Maupertus is at Trois Rivieres involved in a baptism.
December 29: A notice is posted on the pillar in front of the Kebec Church listing prohibitions, with certain penalties against blasphemy, drunkenness, failing to attend mass and divine services on holidays.
1636
One marriage, six births and seventeen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. It is noteworthy that Arnault’s marriage is not acknowledged.
(II)-Jeanne Crevier Metis b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married July 9, 1652 Quebec (II)-Pierre Boucher, Metis (1622-1717) Governor Trois Riviers son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicole Lemaine (Lemoine)
(I)-Jean Rousseau de Paris, d-1743, killed by a discharge of a gun, arrived Kebec 1636 then relocated to Trois Rivieres.
Most likely Trois Riveries, birth (II)-Peter Esprit Radisson et Chonards, Metis, (1636-1710) son (I)-Sebastien Hayet de St Malo dit Radisson and unknown Metis or savage mother. Some suggest he was born 1640 but (II)-Peter himself claims 1636 as his birth year. He is known as a half brother to (II)-Marguerite Radisson, b-1632 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet de St Malo dit Radisson and Madeleine Herault. (II)-Peter claims his ‘natural parents’ are alive and well in Trois Rieieres in 1654, as are his brother and his brothers wife and children. (see Radisson 1631)
Six women and some children relocated from Tadoussac to Kebec this year. These likely include Metis or Savages with Metis children.
The Jesuits has caused much hostile criticism in France of their involvement in the peltries (Fur Trade).
The Jesuits said the barbarians prefer Trois Rivieres to trade than Kebec.
The Jesuit’s say the barbarians at Trois Rivieres do not usually harm women or children. Indeed, many a young man will not hesitate to marry a prisoner and she obtains full tribal status.
(I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) aka “The Little King of Tadoussac” has been in Canada since 1608 spending most of his time at Tadoussac married for the fourth time to Marie La Barbide, b-1619 epouse May 8, 1681, Kebec, Denis Lemaitre. His first three wives were at Tadoussac and likely relocated to Kebec. Marsolet was not subordinate to Champlain and it is presumed he still reported directly to France.
The Jesuits receive a few little native girls at Trois Riviers to educate in the French manner, who they expect to become wives of Frenchmen. These girls are sent to France for an education, usually adoption by a French family and returned to New France for marriage to a Frenchman. One unnamed Iroquois girl who was sent this year to Paris, France returned only to die of smallpox in 1640 in Quebec, she had acquired the French names of Anne Therese but her last name was not recorded..
(I)-Francois de re de Gand is given a small savage girl who he housed with Sieur Hebout’s. She is likely destined to be his wife?
Two or three little savage girls from Kebec are sent to France in care of the Hospital nuns for education and marriage to Frenchmen in New France.
One young savage girl could easily pass for a well-born French girl but her father will not allow her being sent to France for education.
An Algonkin woman is sent to France for education and to return to become a wife to a Frenchman. These women/girls are often taken in by French families and assume the family name. The Savages prefer Trois Rivieres over Kabec and another savage girl is given to the Jesuits who name her Marie. It would appear that 20-30 little girls are available for education in the manner of the French.
(I)-Martin Appendestiguy de Martiigon, France married (III)-Jeanne de Saint-Etienne La Tour, Metis daughter (II)-Charles de Saint-Etienne La Tour (1595-1665).
(II)-Marie Archambault, (Metis?), baptised, 1636, daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married September 28, 1648, Quebec Urbain Tessier. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
(I)-Antoine Arnault, a carpenter married 1636, Kebec Madeleine savage.
(I)-Francois Belanger (1612-1685), arrived Kebec, 1636, married July 12, 1637, Kebec (II)-Marie Madeleine du Buisson Guyon (1623-1696) daughter (I)-Jean Guyon, (1592-1663) and Mathurine Robin, d-1662
Monsieur de Castillon is at Trois Rivieres this year.
Monsieur de Courpon is at Trois Rivieres this year.
(I)-Nicolas Courson, surgeon, is at Trois Rivieres
(I)-Guillaume Du Plessis, died November 11, 1651 arrived Trois Rivieres as Governor.
Monsieur (I)-Francois de Gand is at Trois Rivieres this year.
Sieur (I)-Guillaume Hubou (Hebout), d-1653 who married the widow Marie Rollet d-1649 of Monsieur Hebert takes in a savage girl for education and marriage to a Frenchman at Trois Rivieres.
(I)-Jacques Le Neuf de la Poterie, b-1606 arrived Kebec 1636 with (II)-Pierre Le Gardeur De Repentigny, d-1675, (married Marie Favery d-1675 l’eglis of Quebec) whose sister (II)-Marguerite L Gardeur, b-1608 was his wife; He was made Governor in 1665. Governor (1645-1648), (1650-1651), (1652-1653) and (1658-1662). This family is confusing it appears he and his brother were here in 1634 and Marguerite was here in 1635? If this be true then (II)-Marguerite L Gardeur, b-1608 is actually Margaret Favery l’eglise of Quebec. Le Neuf has a son born 1640 Trois Rivieres, a daughter born 1640 no location recorded and a daughter b-1632 no location given. I highly suspect the Le Neuf brothers and Le Gardeur may be married to Metis or savagees?
Monsieur de Lisle (L’Isle) is at Trois Rivieres this year.
(I)-Nicolas Marsole(Marsollet) (1587-1677) the Little King of Tadoussac (1608-1635) upon hearing of the death of (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) departed Tadoussac for Quebec where he spent his remaining years. Some suggest he arrived Kebec 1635. This year he married 4th (I)-Marie Le Bardier (1620-1688), likely a savage or Metis. He had three savage girls previously by country style. He was a 50 year old man who married a 16 year old girl and they had 10 children. After his death Marie married 1680 Quebec, Denis Gabriel. It is noteworthy that there is no mention of his Montagnais Metis children fathered over the 27 years that he lived among them. He did however visit Tadoussac frequently over his life time. He went over to the English during the occupation.
(I)-Nicolas Peltier dit Marolles (1596-1679), (some suggest this marriage took place April 5, Kebec this year, his wife Jeanne de Voisy (Roussey) Indian/Metis (1612-1622-1689) and some suggest his sons (II)-Jean Peltier (1633-1692) (1) and (II)-Francois Peltier (1635-1688) (2) arrived Kabec this year. Some say he also married (2nd?) Madeleine Tegochix aka Tegoussi, Montagnaise, veuve d’auguste sauvage (*) and 3rd marriage June 3, 1677, Tadoussac, Francoise Ouechipichinokoue, Algonquin. It is highly likely Jeanne de Voisy (Roussey) (1612 or 1622-1689) is an Indian or Metis girl. (2) How can Francois arrive before he is born? (1) Also Tanguay positions Jean birth between 1646-1649? (*) this was the wife of Nicolas Jr. and no record of a third marriage, this appear unlikely if anything it was a first wife at Tadoussac.. (Doc Lussier suggests Jeanne Roussey is Micmac from Porty Royal)
(II)-Francois Peltier Metis (1635-1688) married Dorthee La Sauvagees who died April 13, 1661 Quebec; 2nd marriage September 26, 1661 Quebec Marguerite Mousseau.
(II)-Marie Peltier Metis born April 5, 1637 Kebec 1st married October 17, 1750 Quebec Nicolas Goupil; 2nd marriage August 30, 1655 Jean Denis
(II)-Louise Peltier Metis born May 10, 1640 Kebec, died November 9, 1713 Quebec, married November 17, 1653 Quebec Jean IIayot
(II)-Francoise Peltier Metis born April 13, 1642, Kebec, died July 17, 1707 Ste. Foye, 1st married August 17, 1654 Quebec Jean Beriau; 2nd marriage October 11, 1655 Quebec Sebasten Lienard
(II)-Jeanne Peltier Metis born March 19, 1644 married January 29, 1659 Quebec Noel Jeremie
(II)-Genevieve Peltier Metis born April 6, 1646 Kebec, died December 17, 1717 Quebec, 1st married November 5, 1663 Quebec Vincent Verdon; 2nd married Thomas Lefebcre.
(II)-Jean Piltier Metis died November 2, 1692 married August 21, 1662 Quebec Marie Genevieve Manevely de Rainville
(II)-Nicolas Piltier Jr. Metis born May 2, 1649 Sillery 1st married June 22, 1673 Madeleine Tegoussi; 2rd marriage Francoise Lamy.
Monsieur de la Poterie is recorded in Kebec this year.
(I)-Claude Poulin (1615-1687) arrived 1636 Kebec, married August 8, 1639, Kebec Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687).
(I)-Jean Rousseau who died 1643, killed by discharge of a gun, is at Trois Rivieres this year.
Issac Presseley arrived Acadia.
Monsieur de Repentigay is recorded in Kebec this year.
(II)-Jeanne Trahan likely daughter (I)-Guillaume Trahan, arrived Acadia and married Acadia (I)-Jacques Bourgeous who arrived Acadia 1641.
Sieur (I)-Oliver le Tardif (1601-1665) who married November 3, 1637 (II)-Louise Couillard d-1641 took in another savage girl for education and marriage to a Frenchman at Trois Rivieres.
Sieur de la Treille is at Trois Rivieres this year.
The mission (first Indian reservation) Sillery de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
De Lisle (L’Isle), a chevalier of the Knights of Malta is posted to Trois Rivieres (Quebec) 1636-1641.
The 7th Congregation of the Society of Jesus (Jesuit) forbids all kinds of commerce and business, under any pretext, whatever. The Canadian Jesuit argued that peltry is the coin of this country and the Jesuit continue to be involved in the trade. They are also becoming the largest land owner in the country.
Warfare, between the Savages, at this time, consists of small ambushes, one side against the other, in retaliation of some previous killing. It is true the Barbarians do not usually harm the women or children, except in sudden attacks. Many young men will not hesitate to marry a prisoner.
(I)-Guillaume Herbout (Hubou) who married 1629 (I)-Marie Rollet, the widow of (I)-Louis Herbert, the first resident of Kebec, houses a little Savage girl named Marie Oliver Sylvestre, b-1626 daughter Roch Manitouabewich and Huron wife. Oliver Letardif keep another. (This is the same girl that Tardif adopted from his good friend Roch and placed with the Hubou’s for education). These little Savage girls dress in the French fashion and will eventually marry November 3, 1644, Kebec, a Frenchman named (I)-Martin Prevest (1611-1691). Some Savage girls, are being sent to Old France for education and then returned. The French have not yet allied with the Tadoussac Savages by any marriage, (this however is not true). The Captain (savage) of Tadoussac said ” When your young men return from war after the massacre of our enemies, they will not have any trouble in obtaining our girls in marriage.” “As to children one does not see anything else but little savages in the houses of the French.” The Metis children would be considered as savage. “There are little boys there and little girls, what more do you want.” ” You are continually asking for our children, next you will be asking for our wives.: You continually ask for our children, and do not give yours.
Complaints were coming from Old France of how few baptisms were being performed in New France. The Jesuit are well aware that funding of their enterprise is dependent upon the good will of their patrons in Old France. As a result the Jesuit began to baptize, in secret, against the wishes of parents. Hereafter results would drive baptism rather than good judgment. This appears to be a fundamental turning point in the relationship of Europeans to the Native People.
Francois Oliver, a Savage is baptized at Kebec attended by Oliver, Clark, an interpreter and Madame Hebout. The Jesuit say baptism prevents death by sorceries.
Immigrants, of little means, to New France are expected to be indentured for five to six years. They should possess, in their own right, one-half of all land they clear after indenture is completed. Most, however, would return to France or become Coureurs des Bois before their terms had expired. One or two years of labor without wages should cover their board and tools.
Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) estimated that the Huron (Wendat) Nation numbered about 30,000 people in twenty towns. About 20,000 people would be killed over the next four years by disease and war.
The Island of Mont Real is still being used as a temporary camp and the Savages called the place ‘The Island Where There Was a Village’. The Savages like Trois Rivieres better than Kebec, they stop there oftener, and in greater numbers.
Governor (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), a.k.a Onontio, Governor New France from June 11, 1636 to August 20, 1648, went out of his way to pacify the Jesuits, fully understanding they controlled the position. (I)-Marc-Antoine Brasdefer, Sieur de Chasteaufort, becomes Governor Trois Rivieres, (Quebec). Influenza hit the colony and the Indians, this and next year. Father (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664), a Jesuit, wrote that there are mines of iron, copper and other metals discovered that will soon be worked. The Jesuit Father (I)-Pierre Chastellaine (1606-1684), Father (I)-Charles Garnier (1605-1649), Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646), Father (I)-Nicolas Adam (1588-1659), Father (I)-Paul Ragueneau, Father (I)-George Alexander d’Eudemare and brothers (I)-Ambroise Cauvet and (I)-Louis Gaubert arrived in New France. Monsieur (I)-Pierre Le Gardeur de Repentigny from Thury Normandy, arrived with his wife and four children as well as his brother and sister. He is a lieutenant of the Governor of New France. Monsieur (I)-Jacques Le Neuf de la Poterie b-1606 from Caen in Normandy, came with his wife (II)-Marguerite La Gardeur aka Favery l’eglise) b-1608 who was in Kebec in 1635? and daughter Marie b-1632, his brother (I)-Michel and two sisters and their families. (I)-Michel Le Neuf du Herisson is the head of the family. This appears to be speculation rather than fact.
The Governor of New France ordered that the Chateau Saint Louis at Kebec be rebuilt in brick and stone. (I)-Jean Bourdon (1601-1668), an engineer, is to draw up plans for the town.
Peltry is the coin of New France, and a 25% markup exists between Fort Kebec and France to cover the risk they run upon the sea, especially from pirates..
The Colony of Ville-Marie (Montreal) aka Hochelaga was a religious enterprise conceived in 1636 by Jerome Le Royer de la Dauversiere, Receiver of Taxes at la Fleche, in Anjou; and Father Jean Jacques Olier de Vemeuil, a young Sulpician priest of Paris.
Every year more come to cast themselves into the forests as if into the bosom of peace, to live here with more piety, more immunity and more liberty. The are leaving the exactions, deceits, thefts, rapes, assassinations, treachery, enmity, black malice that only visits Kebec once a year in the letters and gazettes which people bring from the Old France. The families of Monsieur de Repentigny, and Monsieur de la Poterie have recently joined the colony and word is that more settlers have arrived at Tadiussac, (Quebec). Kebec however has no room for those who cannot work.
The following questions were raised in Old France:
* Concern was express, because of the recent incursion of England into New France, if the Spanish were in a position to make incursions into New France?
* Is enough land cleared, ploughed and will it support the inhabitants. Sieur Giffard has been clearing land for two years and hopes to raise enough wheat to feed 20 people.
* How much can be cleared and at what cost. Twenty men can clear 30 arpents of land. The usual task is 1 1/2 arpents per man. The cost per man is 2 loves bread or 6-7 lbs, a week, a puncheon of wheat a year, 2 lbs lard, 2 oz butter, a little measure oil and of vinegar, a little dried codfish, that is, about a pound, a bowlful peas, a chopine (pint) all this for one week. A chopine of cider per day, or a quart of beer and occasionally a drink of wine, in the winter they are given a drop of brandy in the morning. The men also augment this by hunting and fishing.
* What is required. We have oxen and cows but horses would be helpful but no hurry to bring them over. We have cod fish at out door but eat cod from France because we have no men to fish. Porpoises and white whales swim in front of Fort Kebec but we lack men to capture them.
The Basques are still harvesting whales at Tadoussac, (Quebec) and further up stream.
A vessel arrived La Heve with an additional 78 passangers including (I)-Jeanne Motin, who immediately married (I)-Charles d’Aulnay who succeded (I)-Issac de Razilly.
The French ship Saint Jehan landed LaHave, Acadia with the first French women for that settlement. Eighty five men and 11 women arrived that date. It is noteworthy that (II)-Charles La Tour (1594-1666) arrived Port Royal, Acadia in 1630 with his wife Louise Indian. Some contend the first Acadian child is born, Mathieu Martin ((1636-1724), he died, unmarried. This is highly unlikely given the French were in Acadia in the early 1500′s.
After 40 years scarcely a family is added to Acadia. (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Charnisay (1604-1650) took possession of Port Royal and erected a new fort and brought his people from La Heve, Acadia. (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) held his fort at the mouth of the St. John River (Acadia) and his father (I)-Claude La Tour (1570-1736+) held Fort La Tour (Acadia)
The third Kebec fort was constructed in 1636 by Governor Charles Huault de Montmagny, who covered the second fort’s earthen ramparts with stonework. Construction lasted 24 years, finishing in 1660.
At this time in New France we see trees bearing apples, pear, plum, cherry and other wild fruit. Vines are loaded with grapes which is being turned into wine. Oxen, cows and asses are evident but no horses can be found.
The Jesuits are absolutely forbid all kinds of commerce and business, under any pretext whatever.
January: Kebec, (I)-Robert Giffard de Moncel (1587-1668), with 7 men has been clearing the land for 2 years now. The usual task is an arpent and a half per year per man.
January 1: Kebec (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort issued his first edict as Governor New France: Forbidding blasphemy, drunkenness and absence from church service. This was likely a condition of him being appointed as Governor.
January 6: Kebec, (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort condemned a drunkard and blasphemer to the pillory.
January 7: Sieur de Chesne, a surgeon is at Trois Rivieres.
January 7: (I)-Jean Nicolet of Belleborne (1598-1642) is at Trois Riviers this date.
January 7: Sieur de Launay is at Trois Rivieres this date.
January 22: Kebec, A frenchman was fined 50 livres for making a savage drunk.
January 25: It was not uncommon for the French to surname baptized Savages with a French name, thereby losing their cultural identity. A Savage was so named today as Paul Le Cadet (1619-1636).
January 15: Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny de St. Jean de Jerusalem, soldier (1583-1653), governor (1636-48), Knight of Malta, is appointed the first Governor of New France before the death of Champlain was known in France.
January 15: Jacques Castillon was granted the Isle d’Orleans (Quebec). He did not develop it and it was given to the Jesuits in 1662.
January 15: Antoine Cheffault is granted the seigniory of Cote de Beaupre.
February 18: Kebec Sieur (I)-Oliver le Tardif (1601-1665) the interpreter and Madame Hebout agreed to be god parents to a savage baptism who was named Francois Oliver.
March 10: France, (I)-Charles Hualt de Montmaguy is officially appointed Governor New France. Others as early as January 15, 1636 knew of his pending appointment.
March 17: A young un-named Frenchman, who can read and write, wintered with the savages, his brother is at Trois Rivieres this year. He sent a letter on a piece of bark to Trois Rieieres to inform the Jesuits a little boy was sick and dying, so he baptized him.
April 1: The St. Jehan arrives in Port-Royal, Acadia with French settlers, that includes both men and women.
April 1: When this document was discovered in the Paris, France Archives this was the first known passenger list to be found [and perhaps the only list] of the French who had sailed from LaRochelle, France to Acadia. No other lists has been found. Not all on the list remained in Acadia. It is believed some may have returned to France. Whatever the case may be, their names do not show up in later enumerations of Acadia so they did not become permanent residents of Acadie.
Nicollas LeCreux (Dubreuil), with Anne Motin (de Reux), his wife
Claude Motin, her brother,
Jehan Motin, also her brother,
Jehanne Motin, her sister,
Jacqueline de Glaisnée, their cousin
Jehanne Billard with their group
The following names are those of laborers who traveled with said Le Creux.
Firstly:
Jehan Chalumeau, laborer and his and wife
George Migot, from Dijon, laborer
Jehan Hyechtier, from Dijon, laborer
Simon Merllin, from Dijon, laborer
Jehan Pericaud from Dijon, log splitter
Jehan Guiot from Dijon, Laborer
Nicollas Bayolle, from Dijon
Isaac Pesselin from Champage
Hilaire Bicau from Champagne
Jehan Donno, native of Angers, master mill carpenter usually living in Paris
Roch Roche, also a carpenter, from Paris
Martin Le Doux, also a carpenter, from Paris
List of Anjou peasants who sailed on the Saint-Jehan to work in New France.
Firstly:
Tibault Destouches, with his wife and three children, laborer from the parish of Bourgueilavec near Chinon
Pierre Martin, laborer with his wife and one child, from Bourgueil
Jehan Mangoneau, laborer with his wife and one child also from Bourgueil
Pierre Choiseau, laborer with his wife and two children, also from Bourgueil
Widow Perigault with Michel and Julien Perigault, her children, also from Bourgueil, laborers
Hadrien Benoiston, laborer, also from Bourgueil
[Omitted], laborer, also from Bourgueil
Julien Aury, laborer, also from Bourgueil
Pierre Le Moine, laborer, also from Bourgueil
Nouel Tranchant, laborer, also from Bourgueil
Guillaume Trahan, officer of the cavalry, with his wife and two children and a servant, also from Bourgueil
Louis Deniau, from the city of Chinon, a cooper
Philippe Rat, from the city of Chinon, tailor
Daniel Chichereau, from the city of Chinon, tailor
Jehan Danjon, from the city of Chinon, laborer
Michel Callant, from the city of Chinon, laborer
Jehan Vache, from the city of Chinon, cobbler
Louis Blanchard, from La Rochelle, wine maker
Pierre Paquis, master gunsmith and locksmith
Aimé Diot, laborer from Paris
André Braconneau, laborer from Paris
François Guion, from La Rochelle, master baker
Gilles Tionne, master gardener from Paris
List of carpenters who went to build ships and boats in New France.
Firstly:
Jouannis Daprandestiguy, Basque, master
Jehan Debourgonare, also a Basque carpenter
Jouanis Dahausquin, also a Basque carpenter
Jehan De La Faye, also a Basque carpenter
Bernard Bugare, also a Basque carpenter
Jouanis Lavare, also a Basque carpenter
Bernard Tegarnous, also a Basque carpenter
Jouanis Destiquau, also a Basque carpenter
Abraham Dostique, also a Basque carpenter
Saint-Martin dit Gascon, to be a sailor
François Leteller dit Labrande, from La Tremblade, also a sailor
René Arquange, from La Rochelle, also a sailor.
List of salt workers who went to work in the marshlands in New France.
Firstly:
Jehan Sandre, with his wife, master salt worker or seller
Pierre Gabory, also a salt worker, from La Rochelle
Jehan Pronost, also a salt worker, from the islands
François Baudry, also a salt worker
Pierre Prault, also a salt worker
List of sailors who were part of the crew of the Saint-Jehan
Firstly:
Pierre Sauvic, master of said ship, from d’Auray river
Martin Lebagous, sailor, from d’Auray river
Jehan Margar, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Jacques De Lamer, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Marc De La Mer, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Jehan Piluesrie, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Guillaume Bellego, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Etienne Le Rouzic, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Allen Malloin, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Domingo Basque, from Bayonne, also a sailor
Jouanis Basque, also a sailor, from Bayonne
Bertholome Demairon, also a sailor, from Bayonne
Jehan Roou, carpenter from St-Malo
Pierre Moysieau, master gunner from La Rochelle
Jehan Guiot, master valler from d’Auray river
Bonaventure Guibermin, “garçon” from Morbien
Henry Quinper, “garçon” from Brittany
Petiolle Périn,”garçon” from d’Auray river
(signature) N. Denys
Nicolas Denys
April 17: Trois Riviers baptism Mary a savagesse of Tadoussac born 1622/1623, god father is Mr. de la Violette Governor Trois Riviers. It is noteworthy that Mr. de la Violette Governor Trois Riviers was reported to have departed this date for France. This hardly seems likely?.
April 24: Kebec, (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy de Linclot (1608-1681) is a god parent to Madaelaine Savage. This is likely (II)-Madeline Hayet dit Radisson, b-1632 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Radisson and Madeleine Heraut. She is found living at the home of (I)-Jean in November 25, 1646, likely as a servant girl.
May 21: (I)- Francois Derre de Gand on route to Trois Rivieres gave the name Joseph (Miskouaseroutin) savage to a boy age 15
June: Kebec, the Norman family of (I)-Rene Le Gardeur, sieur de Tilly, married to Catherine de Corde, d-1657 arrived with two sons and a daughter, arrived in the same ship as (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), Governor New France
(II)-Pierre La Gardeur, b-France, d-1648, married Marie Favery, d-1675
(II)-Charles Le Gardeur, b-1611, France, died November 10, 1695 Quebec, married October 1, 1648 Kebec, (II)-Genevieve Juchereau Le Gardeur, b- France, d-1687
(II)-Marguerite Le Gardeur, aka Favery l’eglise, b-1608, married 1639 (I)-Jacques Le Neuf de la Poterie b-1606 (II)-Pierre Le Gardeur arrived with his wife Marie Favery d-1675 l’eblise (sister of (II)-Marguerite Le Gardeur, aka Favery l’eglise, b-1608,) of two daughters and one son:
(III)-Marie Madeleine Le Gardeur, married October 3, 1646, Kebec, (I)-Jean Paul Godefroy (Godfroy
(III)-Catherine Le Gardeur, married September 16, 1652, Quebec, Charles Daillebout
(III)-Jean Baptiste Le Gardeur, b-1632, married July 11, 1656, Quebec, Marguerite Nicolet
(III)-Charles Le Gardeur born March 17, 1637 Kebec married January 18, 1663 Marie MaCard; 2nd marriage December 22, 1669, Jeanne De Matras
(III)-Ignace Le Gardeur born January 29, 1639,Kebec, died June 5, 1644, Kebec
(III)-Ognace Le Gardeur b-1648
(III)-Godfroy Marie Charles b-1652.
June: Kebec, the Norman family of (I)-Mathieu Michel Le Neuf, (Leneuf) de Herisson (1601-1642), married to Jeanne Le Marchand, arrived with two sons and two daughters, arrived in the same ship as (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), Governor New France: Michel and brother Jacques appear to be in Kebec in 1634.
(II)-Marie Le Neuf, married December 15, 1636, Caen, (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy (Godfroy (1608-1681)
(II)-Michel Le Neuf,
(II)-Jacques Le Neuf, married Marguerite De Repentigny
(II)-Anne Le Nuf, married Antoine Desrosiers and settled Trois Rivieres
June 3: Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1636) is killed by the Mohawks at Ossernenon near Auries, New York.
June 11: A resident of Fort Kebec is pilloried in the market place for the crime of blasphemy. Pilloried = punish by placing in a wooden frame; and subject to criticism and ridicule
June 11: Kebec, Three ships arrived led by Duplessis Bochart, captain Savinien Courpon de la Tour and the ship Saint Joseph.
June 11: Kebec, (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), Governor New France, served in this position until August 19, 1648. He took over from (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, (Gras-De-Fer) sieur de Chasteaufort who had assumed command upon Champlain’s death, last year. He returned to Trois Rieieres to resume as Commandant of that location (1636-1639). Monsieur de la Poterie and 45 colonists arrived the same ship as (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), Governor New France,.
June 11: (I)-Pierre Chastellain, a Jesuit and (I)-Charles Garnieu, d-1649, Jesuit arrived Kebec.
June 11: (I)-Philippe Amyot aka Amiot, d-1639, arrived Kabec June 11, 1636, married 1626 France Anne Convent (1603-1675), epouse September 26, 1639, Kebec, Jacques Maheu, Two children were born France Jean b-1627 and Mathew b-1628. However Jean is not listed Tanguay and (II)-Jean Amyot (Amiot), also Gencien aka Antaiok, b-1627, an orphan, is sent by the Jesuits to live among the Huron at a young age. This appears strange unless he was adopted?
June 12: Kebec, (I)-Nicolas Adam, Jesuit arrived Kebec and 4 days later suffered a stroke causing paralysis of his hands and feet.
June 15: Kebec, arrival of (I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny, d-1651, the second French Governor of Canada (1635-1648). He was appointed Governor in 1635 before the death of Sieur de Champlain (1570-1635) was known in France.
June 16: Kebec, (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy (Godfroy (1608-1681) attended the baptism and named the savage, b-1635 as Jean Paul.
June 16: (I)-Robert Hache lives with the Jesuits in Trois Rivieres.
June 24: Kebec, the Jesuit record the first celebration of Saint Jean Baptiste Day. It originated about 1 AD in Gaul to celebrate Summer Solstice. Christianity combined the Summer Solstice celebration of June 21 with celebration of John the Baptiste and changed the day to June 24. This French celebration would eventually lose its Christian content and revert to its pagan source.
June 26: Monsieur Chevalier de I’Isle became godfather of Marie Savage.
July 7: Trois Rivieres, Sieur de la Treille as godfather named Marie Savage.
July 8: Trois Rivieres, Monsieur de Repentigny as godfather named Joseph Savage.
July 8: Kebec, Monsieur de Courpon, monsieur Gand, and Monsieur de Castillon are at Kebec.
July 21: (I)-Pierre Chastellain, a Jesuit and (I)-Charles Garnieu, d-1649, Jesuit arrived Trois Rivieres.
July 27: Quebec, contract of marriage, (II)-Anne Cloutier, (1625-1648), daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier (1590-1677) and (I)-Xainte Dupont; at age 10 years entered into a 1st. marriage to (I)-Robert Drouin, (1606-1685) son Robert Drouin and Marie Dubois. The contract states the marriage not to be consummated until Anne age 13. Drouin 2nd marriage November 29, 1649, Quebec, Marie Chapelier, b-1621, veuve de Pierre Petit.
June 28: Monsieur Charles du Plessis Bochart, commandant of the fleet, arrived Kebec. About 100 settlers arrived in this fleet including Father Ragueneau and Brother Louis Gobert.
August: Kebec, Sieur Hebout (Hubou) has taken into his home some savage girls to be brought up Christian and then married to Frenchmen.
August: Kebec, Sieur Oliver Le Tardif has taken into his home one savage girl to be brought up Christian and then married to Frenchmen.
August: Kebec, two or three savage girls are sent to France to be educated and returned to marry Frenchmen.
August: Kebec, Monsieur Grand gave a savage boy to Monsieur de Noyers
August 9: Five ships of the Gentlemen of the Company arrived Kabec.
August 14: Three Rivers: The French are given a young Savage slave girl captured in a Hiroquois war in compensation for three Frenchmen killed. The Slave girl said she is now of their nation, if she is commanded to marry, she would obey, but that no one, except he to whom she has been given, should approach her. She and a number of other girls are sent to France for education and eventual marriage to Frenchmen.
August 16: Kebec, (I)-Guillaume Isabel is granted 24 arpents of land by (I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny, (Montmaguy), d-1651, the Governor.
August 18: (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy (Godfroy (1608-1681), young man beat one of the visiting Huron in a race at Trois Rivieres.
August 19: Quebec, birth, (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis, died August 15, 1687, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, and Francoise Grenier (Garnier), Algonquin Metis, born Hochelaga (Montreal) area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec; Married August 10, 1660 Kebec Francois Miville.
August 26: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Amyot, died December 10, 1669, Kebec, son (I)-Philippe Amyot, and Anne Convent epouse September 26, 1639, Kebec Jacques Maheu; married May 2, 1660, Genevieve De Chavigny.
August 28: Kebec, at present there are 26 Jesuits in New France, 20 priests and 6 lay brothers:
Saint Joseph in the Huron country.
Jean Brebeuf
Francois Mercier
Pierre Pijart
Chastelain
Charles Garnier
Isaac Jogues
Residence of the Conception at Trois Rivieres
Jacques Butex
Charles du Marche
Residence Nostre Dame de Recouvarance at Kebec
Jean de Quen
Paul le Jeune
Residence Nostre Dame Des Anges
Charles Lallemant
Nicolas Adam
Edmond Masse
Anne De Noune
Daniel
Ambroisedavost
Brothers, Gilbert Burel, Pierre le Telier, Jean Liegeois, Pierre Feaute, Ambrose Cauvet, & Louys Gobert
Residence Misku
Claude Quentin
Charles Turgis
Residence Ste Anne at Cap Breton
Daudemare
Andre Richard
August 29: Monsieur Commandant weighted anchor at Fort Kedec bound for France taking three little Savage girls with him. These savages would be adopted by French families, given French names, educated and returned as wives to the colonists.
September 4: The Huron arrived Trois Rivieres (Quebec) stating that Monsieur de Champlain had promised the French and Huron would be one people. They asked for some Jesuit and Frenchmen to come to the Huron country and we will give some Huron.
October 1: Kebec, birth (III)-Joseph Hebert son (II)-Guillaume Hebert d-1639 and Helene Desportes, b-1620, epouse January 9, 1640, Kebec, Noel Morin
November 3: Kebec, birth, (III)-Joseph Hebert, Metis son (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) and Helene Desportes (see 1602): married October 12, 1660, Quebec, DePoitiers.
November 12: Kebec, birth (III)-Ignace Sevestre, died June 24, 1661, Quebec son (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec.
November 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jamen Bourguignon, d-1660 to Claire Morin de N.-D. de Mortagne, au Perche, Normandie, France, epouse July 26, 1662 Quebec, (I)-Jean Martineau dit LaPile, died March 29, 1666, Quebec.
December: A Frenchman is fined 50 francs to be paid in peltries for supplying wine to the savages.
December 1: Trois Rivieres (Quebec) burns but the storehouse was saved, for they said we are lost if that burns. Trois Rivieres is like Anjou, France, it is a sandy country and the fishing is excellent.
December 15: Kebec,or Caen France? marriage (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, (1608-1681) to Marie Le Neuf (1612-1688) daughter (I)-Mathieu Michel Le Neuf (1601-1642) and Jeanne Le Marchand
December 15: Kebec, marriage (I)-Mathieu Michel Leneuf (1601-1642) to Jeanne Le Marchand
December 15: Kebec, date of contract to marriage of (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot (1608-1681) ** married (II)-Marie Le Neuf, (1612-1688) (I)-Mathieu Michel Le Neuf, sieur du Herisson (1601-1642) and Jeanne Le Marchand de Caen
ELEVEN CHILDREN ARE RECORDED
(II)-Michel Godfroy, born October 21, 1637, died May 18, 1709, Quebec, married September 2, 1664, Montreal, Perinne Picote
(II)-Louis Godfroy, born March 20, 1639, married March 1663 Marguerite Seigneuret
(II)-Jacques Godfroy, born March 6, 1641,
(II)-Anonyme Godfroy, bor/died April 25, 1643
(II)-Jeanne Godfroy, born April 11, 1644, died 1669, religious Ursuline
(II)-Joseph Godfroy, born July 20, 1645, married October 21, 1675, Trois Rivieres, Catherine Poulain
* November 25, 1646
(II)-Amator Godfroy, born July 18, 1649, died September 10, 1730, Trois Rivieres, 1st married July 18, 1649, Trois Rivieres, Marguerite Jutrat: 2nd marriage July 22, 1682, Trois Riviers, Francois LePele
(II)-Pierre Godfroy, born January 20, 1651
(II)-Marie Renee Godfroy, born October 19, 1652,died 1736, married May 16, 1677 Quebec, Pierre Boulanger
(II)-Pierre born Godfroy, September 30, 1655,
(II)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy, born April 1, 1658
* (II)-Madeline Hayet dit Radisson, b-1632 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Radisson and Madeleine Heraut. She is found living at the home of (I)-Jean Godfroy on November 25, 1646, likely as a servant girl. She had two half-sisters and one half-brother in New France. She likely resided with this family until her marriage of November 25, 1646. The dowry given her by Godfroy suggests she was a servant or daughter of a servant..
** Is the founder of Trois Rivieres, according to Grace Lee Nute in Ceasars of the Wilderness.
1637
Six marriages, eight births and eight deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(II)-Antoine Arnault, Metis, b-1637, Kebec, son (I)-Antoine Arnault and Madeleine Savage.
(I)-Simon Baron, a Jesuit donnes and self taught surgeon arrived Trois Rivieres.
(I)-Francois Boule established Sillery and married, likely a sauvagesse.
(I)-Chateauneuf? is commandant aux Trois Rivieres; Governor is (I)-Marc Antoine Brasdefer de Chateaufort (1636-1639)
(I)-Nicolas Deny resided in the La Heve region and focused on fishing, fur trade and lumbering.
(I)-Thomas Hayot married Kebec, this year, Jeanne Boucher, one child is recorded (II)-Genevieve Hayot born this year, died March 1, 1651, Quebec, married 1650, Quebec, Claude Dorval, some suggest he was married July 15, 1629, St. Jean, Normandy and arrived Kebec 1638.
(I)-David Kirke alias Kertks (1597-1654) the French Huguenot is awarded Newfoundland for his conquest of New France in 1629. He and his wife (I)-Sara d-1680′s settled there and they had 3 sons.
(I)-Louis Henri Piguet (1588-1670) arrived Kebec with his family before 1637:
His wife Louise Bouche and three children:
(II)-Francoise Piguet d-1661, 1st married November 7, 1645, Kebec Pierre Delaunay: 2nd married February 8, 1655, Quebec, Vincent Poieier.
(II)-Noel Piguet, (1630-1685) married October 15, 1652, Quebec Marie Madeleine Du Mont, b-1636
(II)-Pierre Piguet (1630-1704) married November 4, 1659 Quebec, Anne Lechevalier.
(I)-La Treille is at Trois Rivieres.
Kebec or Tadoussac, birth (II)-Marie Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688) epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married April 30, 1652 Mathieu D’Amours. This is likely the daughter of one of his 1st three wives?
(I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1671) arrived Kebec 1637 with 2nd wife Francois Marie Grimoult.
(I)-Jean Terriau, b-1601, France, arriced Avadia, 1637, married 1635 (I)-Perrine Bourg.
Sieur (I)-Jean Nicolet (Nicollet de Belleborne (1598-1742) is acting as the Huron interpreter in Kebec and Trois Rivieres (Quebec). At Trois Rivieres, the River St. Jean is named after (I)-Jean Nicolet, interpreter and clerk of the store at Trois Rivieres. The River Des Prairies is named after a man, Des Prairies, who lost his way. Trois Rivieres was previously called the Island that contained a village. Sieur Nicollet brings three children to Kebec for the newly created Jesuit Residential School. It is not know if any of these children are his own Metis children.
The Jesuit opened a Residential School in Kebec but one of the young Savages asked soon after his arrival to return to his own country. Two of the young Savages died shortly after arriving. Paul Tisko, the son of Ouanda Koca, a Captain died after a Frenchman had hit the boy and some believe this caused his death. The boy had complained of the blows he had received to the head. The Jesuit claimed he died from overeating which is an absurd claim. Robert Satouta, a grandson of Tsondechaou Anouan an Admiral of the Savages also died as a result of a blow from a Frenchman, according to witnesses. They say the Frenchman drew his sword and hit the boy. The Jesuit attributed his death to a change of air and especially his diet. The Jesuit fabricated these wild stories out of fear of retaliation if violence can be proven, the French colony could be completely ruined. The Algonquin had witnessed the incidents and were fully aware of the lying nature of the Jesuits. Before their death, both boys were purged and bled to no avail. The Jesuits and Frenchmen involved were not punished.
The Sillery Reserve is cleared and houses built to settle the savages like the French. It later would be classified as a total failure. More Frenchmen went native than savages went French.
One young Savage said the Jesuit tried to make him believe in the French God by threats and by force, and, he refused to be forced by fear. The more threat of fire and eternal torments sometimes repels them.
The Jesuit say these young men are barbarians, have the law of wild asses, they are born, live and die in liberty without restraint, they do not know what is meant by bridle and bit. The Jesuit desire to have them conquer one’s passion is considered a great joke, while given free rein to the senses is a lofty philosophy. The Jesuit desire to place the French yoke on this boys. If you attempt to employ harshness to the Huron Nation is to throw them into rebellion. The Jesuit concluded that the young Savages in their possession being 300 leagues from their homes helps in their control .
The younger Savages defer to the older, but the larger ones do not command the others in an imperious or dictatorial manner, like the French, but amiably and differentially, like country People, as if exhorting them, and testifying their love. They as so united that, if one offends the least among them, they consider themselves all equally offended.
The threat of withholding food is of no value, as the young Savages advised the Jesuit that if they wish to have success in hunting, they fast for a week, drinking or eating nothing.
The young Savages are not taught survival skills; two Savages became lost in the woods, one nearly killed his companion while cutting down a tree. The young Savages attempted to plant a field of corn but they failed.
The ships from France arrived late at Fort Kebec and food was scarce this year. It was clear that the French also lacked basic survival skills.
Only three Savages remain at the first Residential School at Kebec. One is called Teouatirhon, another Arieihoua and a third called Aiacidance, not long removed from the breast.
Teouatirhon (Taratouan), war captain and uncle of Teouatirhon of the Kebec Residential School arrived Trois Rivieres (Quebec). He had come to return his nephew to the country on the pretext that the Hiroquois (Iroquois)are believed to be massing to attack the French. Two of the young Savages of the Residential School threw themselves down from the bastion of the fort, in order to escape and return to their country. The French, under arms, arrested the War Captain to prevent the loss of their young Huron from the school. After much discussion the two Teouatirhon, uncle and nephew departed Trois Rivieres and they fell into a Hiroquois ambush of 500 warriors. The uncle is captured but the nephew escaped and returned to Trois Rivieres.
At the General Assembly of the Huron Nation, the Council openly debated the execution of the Jesuits for bringing disease to the minds and bodies of the People.
Father (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) says that superstition, savagery and sin reign and triumph in New France. He advocates invading the enemies’ own territory in order to attack him with his own weapons of idiom of the Montagnais, Algonquin and Wendat. He supports starting schools for the Savages and trying inducements to settle in one place so they can be controlled. The Jesuit at Sillery, (Quebec) introduced European penance to the Indians.
An Indian is publicly flogged as a punishment for listening to a pagan suitor. The People learn that the French are intolerant.
The Jesuit Father (I)-Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673) wished for more harsh treatment, such as the sword that served the Roman Church so well in the past. The sword, in a holy manner, gives authority to the Roman Church decrees to maintain justice and to curb those who trample under foot, the holiness of her mysteries. The Jesuits, Father (I)-Claude PiJart, (I)-Nicolas Gondoin, (I)-Jacque de la Place and (I)-Charles Raymbault, arrived at Fort Kabec.
The French attacked the Iroquois but lost the battle, and the Iroquois retaliated by waging war on the French and Huron.
Sillery, Kebec is established as the first Indian Reservation in Canada.
January 14: Kebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.
January 16: The Company of New France received a grant to establish a nunnery and Jesuit church and seminary at Kebec.
March 17: Father Superior (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) and Father (I)-Francois La Mercier (1604-1690) visit Iahenhouton to propose whether it would be acceptable to them that some of our Frenchmen should marry in their country as soon as possible. The People said the Frenchmen who had resolved to marry were free to take wives where it seemed good to them; that those who had married in the past had not demanded a General Council for that purpose, but they had taken them in whatever way they had desired. The Father replied to this that it was very true that the Frenchmen who had hitherto married in the country had not made such a stir about it, but also that their intentions were far removed from ours, that their purpose had been to become barbarians (like the People of the country), and to render themselves exactly like them (Coureurs des Bois). He said we, on the contrary, aimed by this alliance to make them like us. This the People said would require a General Council. This is a significant turning point as most previous marriages are to barbarians by Coureurs des Bois and therefore not recorded in the marriage records of New France.
The Jesuits admit that Frenchmen have been taking savages as country wives where it seemed good to them and their purpose is to become barbarians. They wish to render themselves exactly like the savages.
The conditions necessary for their daughters to marry Frenchmen are as follows:
1. They needed to know what dowry the French would give to the wife, any wife’s family,
2. And know whether the wife would have everything at her disposal.
3. If the husband returned to France, would he take her with him? If not, what compensation would he pay?
4. If wife failed in her duty and is driven off by her husband, what could she take away with her? And if, on her own free will, the fancy seized her to return to her relatives, what could she take with her?
The Jesuits report that some Frenchmen were more hesitant in entering into a marriage with a savage upon learning the terms and conditions of marriage to these barbarian girls. Most Coureurs des Bois, however, didn’t give it a second thought, as they were committed to the relationship. It is noteworthy that many marriages of Frenchmen to barbarians are not recorded as such. Many Savage girls are given Christian names to hid their past.
January 14: Kebec, marriage Antoine Brossard to (I)-Francoise Emery, b-1671, died July 11, 1671, Quebec.
March: Kebec, arrival of (I)-Jacques Gourdeau b-1614 or 1624, a native of Pointou.
March 17: Kebec, birth (III)-Charles Le Gardeur, died September 23, 1684 Trois Rivieres son (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1675 and Marie Favery, d-1675.: 1st married January 18, 1663, Quebec, Marie Macard: 2nd marriage December 22, 1669, Jeanne Dematras.
March 26: Kebec, birth (II)-Jacques Bourdon, Metis, son (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
March 27: The Savages say the country is failing us, there is now scarcely any more game in the neighborhood of the French (Fort Kebec). Unless we reap something from the earth, we are going to ruin.
March 27: Monsieur de Champlain had promised to help the Montagnez to enclose a village at Trois Rivieres, to clear land, and to build some houses. Sieur Oliver, the translator and Sieur Nicolet also a translator confirmed this promise was true.
April 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Peltier Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier (1596-1679) and Jeanne de (Voisy) Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1612/1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. October 17, 1650, Quebec, (I)-Nicolas Goupil; 2nd marriage August 30, 1655, Quebec, Denis Jean.. The family is living at Sillery an Indian reservation so it is highly likely Marie is Metis?
May: (I)-Pierre Pijart (1608-1676), a Jesuit, established the Mission of the Immaculate Conception at Ossossane- the largest Huron village, near Elmvale, Ontario.
May: Kebec, arrival of (I)-Pierre De Laporte, a native of Paris.
June 14: Kabec, birth (II)-Antoine Arnault, Metis, son (I)-Antoine Arnault, a carpenter married 1636, Kabec , Madeleine savage
July: Kebec, an unknown number of ships arrived this month, one ship was called the Nicolas, a vessel with captain Fournier and a bark with captain Faybault, the others are unknown.
July: St Joseph de Sillery, 4 miles above Kebec, is established by Noul de Sillery, and contains two Algonkin families totaling 20 persons. This hardly qualifies as a settlement, but more as a traditional wintering location. Monsieur the Chavalier de Montmagny replaced the late Monsieur de Champellain.
July 5: A ship arrived Tadoussac (Quebec) bringing new settlers from France.
July 12: Kebec, marriage performed by Father Charles Lallemant, at Notre Dame des Anges (I)-Francois Belanger b-1612 to (II)-Marie Madeline Robin Guyon (1618/-1696) others say born March 18, 1624 France, daughter (I)-Jean Francois Huet (Guton) Guyon (Dion) dit du Buisson (1592-1663) Quebec and Mathurine Madeleine Avard Robin (1597-1663) died April 17, 1662, Quebec Is this the (I)-Jean Guyon who arrived Kebec 1619?? and children are possible Metis??
July 12: Kebec marriage Robert Drouin to Anne Cloutier age eleven
August 4: The whole country is enraged against the Black robes, especially the one called Brebeuf (1593-1649) who is considered a sorcerer. The Hurons hold a council to inquire into the cause of a terrible disease ravaging their people. They concluded it was caused by the sorceries of the Jesuits.
August 6: The Hiroquois (Iroquois) had effectively blockaded the Saint Lawrence River above Trois Rivieres (Quebec) preventing the Huron from reaching the French at Fort Kebec.
August 11: The French quickly responded to the Hiroquois (Iroquois) threat by dispatching to Trois Rivieres, 6 well equipped shallops for war. The French drove the Hiroquois from the area and only one canon was fired.
August 16: The Duchesse d’Aiguillon, Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu’s (1585-1642), niece, donated 22,400 Livres to establish Hotel Dieu (a hospital) at Fort Kebec.
September 2: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Hochelaga (Montreal) area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec. No marriage contract was found. (Francoise could be a Native or Metis? but most likely a sauvagesse however with a French name more likely Metis or adopted): married November 9, 1649, Kebec Jean Pelletier
September 2: Kebec marriage (I)-Pierre Nicolet to Nicolas Bonhomme.
September 21: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Selle dit de L’espine to (I)-Marie Berard dit Lepine b-1619, epouse November 5, 1719 Quebec, Pierre Pivain at (100 yrs).
October 7: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Nicolet, (1598-1642) a noble man and interpreter, who arrived Kebec 1618 married to (II)-Marguerite Couillard, daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert; Marguerite married 2nd time April 20. 1705 Kebec. Marguerite epouse November 12, 1646, Kebec, Nicolas Macard. Nicolet 1st married Nipissing woman , b-1610 and had one known daughter (II)-Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet, Metis.
October 7: The marriage of (I)-Jean Nicolet, (1598-1642) to Marguerite Couillard age 11, was attended by (I)-Francois Derre de Gand (chief of police), the late Oliver, Noel Juehereau, Pierre De la Portie, Guillaume Hubout, Guitianume Hebert, Marie Rolet, Claude Racine and Etienne Racine.
October 7: (I)-Pierre Nicolet was present at the contract to marriage of (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) who eventually married September 2, 1640 Catherine Goujet (1616-`1679)
October 21, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Michel Godfroy, died May 18, 1709, Trois Rivieres son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, (1608-1681) and Marie Le Neuf b-1612-1688); married September 2, 1664, Montreal, Perinne Picote
October 22, 1637 it is reported that (I)-Jean Nicolet attended the marriage contracts of Francis Derre, chief of police, Oliver Le Tardif, Noel Juehereau, Pierre De la Porte, Guillaume Hubout, Guiliaume Herbert, Marie Rolet and future epouse Claude Racine and (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607
November 3: Kebec, marriage (I)-Oliver Tardif (Letardif), b-1601, died January 28, 1665, Chateau Richer, (some suggest Tardif was an interpreter for Samuel de Champlain about 1620 and likely remained in Kebec during the English occupation) (others suggest he returned to France) he married 1st. November 3, 1737, Kabec (II)-Louise Couillard, b-1625, Kebec, died November 23, 1641, Kebec, daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, died March 4, 1663, Kebec and (II)-Guillemette Herbert b-1606, died October 20, 1684, Quebec: married 2nd (I)-Jean Aymart dit Aymard daughter (I)-Jean Aymart dit Aymard and Marie Bineau
November 13: David Kirke, Marquis of Hamilton and the Earls of Pembroke and Holland are appointed co-proprietors of Newfoundland. The prior rights of Lord Baltimore were deserted. (I)-David Kirke, as Governor of Newfoundland, brought out 100 colonists and built Fort Ferryland, Fort St. Johns and Fort Bay de Verde. This is in conflict with the Western Adventurers who want the Island free of settlers so as to maintain control of the Grand Bank’s fisheries.
December 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married November 16, 1649, Kebec, Pierre Soumande
December 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Jacqueline Sedilot daughter (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoultt, b-1606: married October 23, 1651, Kebec, Jean Chenier.
1638
Three marriages, nine births and two deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(II)-Nicolas Belanger son (I)-Francois Belanger b-1612, died October 20, 1682 Beaufort, and Marie Guyon (1618-1696: married January 11, 1660 Quebec, Marie De Rainville
(II)-Marguerite Boule, b-1638, died January 31, 1639, Trois Rivieres daughter (I)-Francois Boule established Sillery and married, likely a sauvagesse.
Ship list of colonists from Soleil, France to Kebec
Jacques Chauson, wood worker
Jeanne Chesson, a woman of precedent
Raymond Crubellet
Marie Griffon, woman of precedent
Helie (Elie) Grimard, carpenter, and settled Trois Rivieres
Francois Parpailler, labourer
Daniel Parpailler, labourer
Pierre unknown
Jean Vanuel, tailor
Francois Verdon, master baker
Two Christian Savage girls marry Frenchmen this year and are given some land to settle on. See September 3, 1639.
Genevieve Agnas Skanndharon b-1638, died November 3, 1657, Kabec daughter Pierre Ondakion, Huron and Jeanne Asenraquehaon, Genevieve is adopted by Mr. & Mrs. Bodeau common folks from Paris who paid 3,000 livres for the little girl
(I)-David Kirke (1597-1654) seized the property and mansion of Lord Baltimore, then occupied by William Hill, Newfoundland.
Father (I)-Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673), brother of (I)-Charles Lalemant, Superior (1587-1674) and uncle of (I)-Gabriel Lalemant, is made Superior of Huron Mission of the Society of Jesus of New France. (I)-Jerome Lalemant visited the Wendat mission, bringing a number of Frenchmen of various trades. In 1639 he centralized operations at Ste Marie to establish an ideal fortified village with 13 Jesuit priests..
(I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne (1598-1642), journeyed to Lake Superior to establish trade relations for the Company of New France.
The Jesuit are focusing on learning the Montagnais, Algonquian and Huron tongues.
St. Joseph Sillery, four miles above Kebec on the St. Lawrence River is established with two Algonkin families.
The Swedish West India Company established Fort Cristina (Wilmington, Delaware), consisting of some 200 to 300 Swedes and Finns in New Netherlands. Some contend they contributed log cabin construction to New England. The Dutch would annex the colony in 1655. The Jesuit Father Superior, Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673), introduced a centralization policy, ordering the Jesuit to live together in Sante Marie. This policy proved impractical, and the policy is reversed in 1643.
The New England colonies passed a law, making it a felony to run off to the Indians.
The parish Silleryr aka Mission de St Joseph de Sillery is established this year.
January 27: Kebec, birth (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis daughter (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis, (1604-1639) and Helene Desportes, b-1620, epouse January 9, 1640, Kebec, Noel Morin: married November 20, 1651, Kebec, Guillaume Fournier
February 10: King Louis XIII made Charles de Menou d’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650), a cousin (I)-Isaac de Launoy de Razilly (1587-1635), Lieutenant General of Acadia, with authority over Port Royal and La Heve and the command of Pentagouet (Acadia Maine); a trading post on the Penobscot River (Maine). (II)-Charles de La Tour (1593-1666) was granted the rest of Acadia ( Nova Scotia) and the command of Cape de Sable and Fort La Tour on the St. John River. This arrangement caused ill-feelings and hostility between the two.
February 22: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre:
April 30: The Island of Hochelaga (Montreal) concession is passed from (I)-Jacques Girard, Sieur de la Chaussee, who acquired it January 15, 1636 to (I)-Jean de Lauzon, being witnessed by (I)-Hardin-Huart and (I)-Haguenier.
May 13: Kebec, marriage (I)-Denis Duquet (1605-1675) to Catherine Gautier, b-1627
May 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 to (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679) daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais (1589-1664) and Huron savagesse and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis b-1611?, see 1624: It was on May 22, 1638 that, Father Nicolas Adam fulfilled his parish duties at Quebec. He blessed the union of (I)-Etienne Racine and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis, b-1624, now fourteen years old. Olivier Tardif/LeTardif and Guillaume Couillard were present. Promise of marriage was made November 16, 1637.
June 11: The Jesuit Relations reported an earthquake at Trois Rivieres (Quebec).
June 24: Saint Jean Baptiste Day is first celebrated in Kebec using bonfires which were common in France.
July: Kebec, an unknown number of ships arrived, two known are the Petit Saint Jean, captain J. Coupereau and Marie Marthe captain N. Eccussard.
July 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Blondel, died July 22, 1638, Trois Rivieres daughter (I)-Pierre Blondel, brewer at Fort Trois Riviers and Marie Gourdin Alyson
July 24: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Selle son (I)- Jacques Selle dit de L’espine to (I)-Marie Berard dit Lepine b-1619
August 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Noel Guyon son (I)-Jean Guyon, sieur du Buisson, a mason and educated man from Perche married to Madeleine Boule
September 3: Kebec Country Marriage (I)Guillaume Bigot b-1614 (contract of marriage December 19, 1639) married Marie Panis, slave of Jack and Marie Pouchet of St. Maclou, Bishopic of Rouen, France. This is likely one of those Indian or Metis girls sent to France for education and returned for marriage.
October 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Adrien Hayot son (I)-Thomas Hayot and Jeanne Boucher: 1st married November 24, 1661 Quebec, Marie Guyon: 2nd married February 18, 1686, Quebec, Marie Pechine..
November 16; Kebec, (I)-Etienne Racine and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679) were the heros of the celebration held in the house of (I)-Abraham Martin, (1589-1664). This document is the first to reveal to us the origins of the young fiance. He was the son of Rene Racine and Marie Loisel, from the parish Fumichon, in Normandy. For the occasion, he was assisted by his “kind friends” Guillaume Couillard and Adrienne d’Abancourt, the future bride of Jean Joliet.
November 22: (II)-Adrien Martin, Metis, born November 22, 1638, Kebec son (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’ecossais, (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?).
November 24: Kabec, birth (II)-Genevieve Bourdon, Metis, died December 13, 1700, Quebec, daughter ((I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
December 31: A lunar eclipse sighted in the Huron country, caused panic among the People who placed the blame on the Jesuits. It is likely the Jesuits used this natural phenomena to create converts, but it back fired.
1639
Five marriages, fifteen births and nine deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, who died January 12, 1668, in 1639 obtained the seigniories of Donbourg, Neuville, today’s Point aux Tremble, Quebec
(II)-Antoine Brossard, b-1639, died April 12, 1642, Kebec son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.
Francois de Champflour is Governor Trois Rivieres (1639-1645)
Marie Crespin, b-1639 Ville-Marie (Montreal) aka Hochelaga, married 1681 (I)-Jean Fournier, b-1627; she is likely a Metis, a daughter of a free trader in this area
(I)-Francois de Chamflour is commandant Trois Rivieres (Quebec).
(I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie b-1606 Governor Trois Rivieres (1645-1648), (1650-1651), (1652-1653) and (1658-1662) married Trois Rivieres (II)-Marguerite Le Gardeur b-1608 daughter (I)-Rene Le Gardeur and Catherine De Corde, died July 7, 1657 Quebec. Some suggest he married France about 1631?
(I)-Andre de Malapart (Malapart) arrived Trois Rivieres 1635 and is made commandant in 1639.
A coal mine is operating at Grand Lake (New Brunswick).
Jeanne Enard, b-1619 wife of (I)-Christophe Crevier, sieur de la Mesle arrives Trois Rivieres (Quebec) (not recorded by Tanguay) and begins a flourishing trade in brandy with the Natives. (I)-Christophe was involved in 27 court cases at Trois Riviers. I suspect Jeanne might be Metis or a savageese??
Smallpox hit this year in Fort Kebec and Trois Rivieres killing hundreds of people. The Huron (Wendat) lost half their population. The Jesuit, following their isolation policy, created the first Indian reservation- St. Joseph de Sillery, seven kilometers north of Fort Kebec, which included three thousand, five hundred hectares. The Jesuits, having failed to educate the Algonquian into Christianity, called on the Ursuline order of nuns to educate the women. They also would fail. This ill-conceived policy, however, would last for the next three hundred and fifty years, causing much suffering to the Native Peoples.
The Ursuline arrived to educate the savage girls. Marie de I’Incarnation said “A Frenchman is more readily become a savage than a savage a Frenchman”. It’s ironic that any analysis of the two cultures suggest the Europeans were the savages.
The Hospitan Nuns say; in France you have to be on guard every day, to prevent disputes among the poor, or to quell them, and in Kebec we have not observed the least discord among our sick Savages, not even a slight quarrel has arisen. How these persons, so different in country, age and sex, can agree so well. The love of the mother towards their children is very great.
In the Huron Country are 13 Jesuit and 27 Frenchmen. (II)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) served this mission (1639-1643) he is likely living with his Indian girl and they would settle Trois Rivieres. Father Superior, (I)-Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673), opened a mission among the Petuns and Neutrals, being fearful of the Dutch Calvinists’ influence, as the Jesuits had previously, vigorously opposed to them in India, Japan and the East Indies. The Jesuit Father (I)-Barthelemy Vimont (1594-1667) arrived at Fort Kabec this year for a second time. The Algonquin accused the Wa-mit-ig-oshe (Jesuit) and Christian Wendat of plotting to destroy the whole Nation of Peoples.
Smallpox, carried by the Jesuits, destroyed 50% of the Huron Nation, leaving only 10,000 people. Others suggest disease in 1634, 1636 and 1639 destroyed 18,000 Huron. Earlier unknown diseases (likely also smallpox) had already thinned their numbers. Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) in 1645 estimated the Huron numbered some 30,000 people in 20 towns.
The Company of (New) France issued a resolution that Savages should be on the same footing as the French at the Company stores. Savage girls who marry French husbands should be allotted a piece of land prepared for crop.
Fort Ste. Marie#1 The French Jesuits build Fort Ste. Marie #1 (1639-1649) on the River Wye, near Lake Attigouanatan (Huron), Ontario. Fort Ste Marie was burned down by the Jesuits in 1649.
Girls (Filles du Roi) are first mentioned in the Jesuit Relations as being sent to New France this year in their 1641 reports. The Jesuits said that rumors circulating in Paris in 1639, as to the girls virtue, were untrue, as the girls virtue was attested to by a doctor before they departed France. Rumors in Paris say this is not true.
The Wenrohronons, an associate nation of the Neutral Nation, had a falling out, for unknown reasons, and fled to New France. They traveled over 80 leagues, made by over 600 persons, the majority being women and children, many die in transit with most being sick on arrival. They were distributed among the various Huron villages. The best places of the cabins were given to them, the granaries or chests of corn were opened and they were given liberty to dispose of them as if they were their own. The Wenrohronons were grateful and the Jesuit saw this as an opportunity to make converts.
The European Islanders (English) who have settled to the south are barbarians who are hostile to the Roman Church and the Black Robes. They tell the Hiroquois, the Black Robes are associated to destroy and ruin the world. They said there are some Jesuit in England, but concealed, and as soon as caught, they are put to death.
(I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny, d-1651, the Governor of Canada (1635-1648) built Hotel Dieu, Kebec.
January 2: Kebec, birth (III)-Marie Madeleine Sevestre, died November 7, 1706, daughter (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec: 1st married October 22, 1653, Quebec, Jacques Loyer: 2nd marriage February 22, 1672, Quebec, Louis DeNiort.
January 29: Kebec, birth (III)-Ignace Le Gardeur, died June 5, 1644 Trois Rivieres son (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1675 and Marie Favery, d-1675.
February 13, 1639 birth (II)-Pierre Boucher son (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married April 4, 1663 Chateau Richer, Marie St. Denis
March 20, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Louis Godfroy, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie Le Neuf (1612-1688); married March 1663 (II)-Marguerite Seigneuret, b-1650
March 30: Kebec: birth (II)-Louise Giffard, died October 31, 1658, Quebec, 1665, Quebec daughter (I)-Robert Giffard de Moncel (1587-1658/1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599/1659: married August 12, 1652, Quebec, Charles De Lauzon
May 4: The St. Joseph sailed from Dieppe, France with the following passengers: Jesuit (I)-Joseph Antoine Poncet de La Riviere (1610-1675), Jesuit (I)-Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot (1611-1693) and Jesuit Barthelemy Vimont (1594-1667), new Superior of the Jesuits in Canada. Also included are Ursuline (I)-Marie Guyart aka Marie de I’Incarnation (1599-1672), Ursuline (I)-Marie de Savonnieres de La Touche, Ursuline Marie de Saint Joseph (1616-1652, and Mother (I)-Cecile de Sainte Croix. (I)-Marie Madeleine de Chauvigny de La Peltrie (1603-1671) was on board. Three Hospitallers were included: Mother Marie Guenat, Marie de Saint Ignace (1610-1646), Anne le Cointre, Anne de Saint Bernard and Marie Forestier and Marie de Saint Bonaventure (1615-1698).
July/August: Kebec, three ships arrived the Saint Joseph Captain Bontemps, the Saint Jacques captain Ancelot and one classified as a boat.
July 12: Kebec, birth (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married July 25, 1667, Chateau Richer, Suzanne Page
July 18: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Blondel, died August 10, 1639, Trois Rivieres son (I)-Pierre Blondel, brewer at Fort Trois Riviers and Marie Gourdin Alyson
August 1: Marie de La Peltrie and Marie de I’Incarnation founded the Ursuline convent. They were teaching nuns with a primary goal of educating Indian Girls as wives to Frenchmen. It was true that girls who converted to catholicism often desired to marry French Catholic husbands. The early records were lost in a fire the the schooling of Indian girls was said to be substantial. They were given practical household skills and provided with a dowry if they married a Frenchman. The actual convent was not built until 1641 and likely peaked at 60-80 girls. Many girls prior to 1641 were shipped to France for their education and were adopted into French families before being returned to New France. It is assumed many returned to the the convent before marriage but these records were lost in a fire.
August 2: Kebec, birth (III)-Angelique Hebert, Metis daughter (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) and Helene Desportes, b-1620, epouse January 9, 1640, Kebec, Noel Morin
August 8: Kebec, marriage (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) to Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687)
August 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Couillard, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684);
September 3: Kabec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Bigot, b-1614, child of Louis and Bertranne Malescot; married September 3, 1639, Kabec to Marie panis (slave) sauvagesse of Jacques and Marie Pouchet de St Maclou, bishopric de Rouen, France. Contract of marriage December 18, 1639 Greffe de Guitet.
September 3: Kabec, birth, (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis, died September 25, 1697, Beauport, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), Algonquin Metis born Hochelaga (Montreal) area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: married October 22, 1653, Kebec Paul Vachon
September 12: Kabec, marriage (I)-Jean Gory, b-1611 married Isabeau Panie, slave sauvagesse or Metis daughter Jacques and Marie Dousset de St. Maclou, eveche de Rouen.
September 26: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Maheu, d-1663 married Anne Convent epouse 1627, France (I)-Philippe Amiot and epouse September 10, 1666 Quebec, Etienne Blanchon
September 9: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) to Marie D’Abancour dite La Caille
November 1: Kebec: birth (II)-Marie Giffard, died June 3, 1714, Beauport daughter (I)-Robert Giffard de Moncel (1587-1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599: married September 22, 1649, Kebec, Nicolas Juchereau
December 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Francoise Guyon daughter (I)-Jean Guyon, sieur du Buisson, a mason and educated man from Perche married Madeleine Boule
December 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Gareman daughter (I)-Pierre Gareman dit Garnier (in 1666 census) and Madeleine Charlot: married January 29, 1652, Quebec, Mathurin Tru
December 18: Kebec, birth (II)-Adrien Sedilot, died March 1, 1715, son (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married October 23, 1651, Kebec, Jean Chenier: married September 22, 1661, Quebec, Jeanne Briere.
1640
Three marriages, twenty one births and two deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. The New France colony now totaled some two hundred and forty people. Others suggest Kebec population was 355. An unofficial census of New France recorded 375 people. The first count must only include Fort Kebec and area. Others suggest the total population of New France only numbered 359, this sounds like La Tour head count of Acadia?.
(I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) (1614-1694) see 1619 married Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English
Kebec birth (II)-Jeanne Auber died Batiscan December 8, 1687, daughter (I)-Francois Auber (leader of a boat) and Anne Fauconner; married 1681 Jacques Dubois
(II)-Zacharie Cloutier, died February 3, 1708 Chateau Richer married Madeleine Barbe Aymard, b-1626, died May 28, 1708, Chateau Richer
(I)-Francois Girouard, b-1621 arrived Acadia 1740, married Jeanne Aueoin, b-1631.
(II)-Catherine Le Neuf, b-1640 Trois Revieries daughter (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie, b-1606 and (II)-Marguerite Le Gardieur, b-1608, died 1697: married August 23, 1655, Kebec, Pierre Denis. Possible son (I)-Pierre St. Denis who arrived Kebec 1619 and therefore possibly Metis? Brother (II)-Michel Le Neuf was born October 31, Trois Riviers, died 1721 Quebec who married about 1666 (II)-Francois Denis. Catherine Le Neuf is listed born unknown? Also sister Marie b-1632 possible adoptees?
(II)-Marie Pasquier (1640-1685) born Kebec daughter (I)-Pierre Pasquier de Franclieu and Marie de Porta; married January 10, 1668 (II)-Charles Thomas Couillard, died May 8, 1715 St. Etienne de Beaumont epouse 1688 (II)-Louise Couture
(II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) commanded 359 people in Acadia and (I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) of Acadia could field 200 men, during the Acadian civil war, more than the total of New France.
(I)-Pierre Vachon, d-1640, Kebec
Some believe that many early French traders took Huron (Wendat) women for wife seeking short term personal gratification, trade advantages and did not expect their obligations to be permanent. The Metis children were absorbed into the matriarchal society and adopted the Huron culture. The Huron would not yield orphaned youngsters to French care as they were a cruel people using corporal punishment as discipline and as a teaching aid. The destruction of the Huron confederacy in 1649 drove these unrecorded Metis west and most were permanently separated from their French fathers. Subsequent history does not support this opinion. The French fathers likely did not abandoned their Huron wives but were likely separated due to the Iroquois war.
The Jesuits were approached secretly in Sillery by young Indian girl converts to find them suitable husbands.
At the General Assembly of the Huron Nation, the Council again openly debated the execution of the Jesuits or at least the driving of them back to the St. Lawrence Valley, for bringing disease to the minds and bodies of the People. Many Huron Villages had already closed their gates to the Jesuits. Women would run and hide their children at the approach of the Jesuits.
The Iroquois group of five nations, unlike the Algonquian, are intense farmers. The Huron (Wendat) are a part of the Iroquois family, but has aligned with the Algonquian culture. They are in constant conflict with the Iroquois. The center of the conflict, at this time, is that the Iroquois traded with the Dutch through Hudson River and the Huron ( Wendat) with the French by the St. Lawrence river, and both acted as merchants in the fur trade. The French believed the Dutch and English were behind the Iroquois’ stirring up of trouble and selling them guns. The Iroquois source of supply, however, is dwindling, whereas the Huron ( Wendat) trade is flourishing. Unknown to the French, the Huron ( Wendat) are the middlemen to the Ojibwa and Cree to the West. The Iroquois began attacking the French settlements, striking down the farmers in the field, burning their homes, barns and wheat fields.
The French noted that Natives show in sickness, astonishing patience and gentleness and most pious devotion. Accustomed to divide with one another their food, they also think it necessary to share their medicine. The Huron ( Wendat), however, noted that the black robes caused death wherever they went. In some villages they visit, everyone except three or four died. The black robes moved and the same thing happened again. They visited the cabins of other cities, and only those into which they did not enter have been exempted from illness or death.
The Jesuits (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot (1611-1693) traveled from the Huron Mission in the present Township of Medonte, near Penetanguishene, (Ontario) to the Indian Village Onguiara near Queenston (Ontario). This highly annoyed the Huron ( Wendat) who accused the Blackrobes of attempting to bypass them in trade. The Jesuit Order attempted to exclude the Recollets and Huguenots from New France. They firmly believed that the real enemies were the Dutch, English and the Huguenots.
By 1640, the Iroquois have swept away the Jesuits, Huron ( Wendat), and nearly destroyed the French trading colony. The first official census listed 375 people in New France.
The French Company of One Hundred Associates, that was effectively created by Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642) is on the verge of bankruptcy. It had been founded to control the fur trade and to keep protestants out of New France, founded on a church principle of absolutism.
The Jesuits, before the purge, could only count about 100 converts from the 16,000 Wendat (Huron), and these were mostly sick infants or aged persons who died soon after baptism. Where ever the Jesuit went death soon followed. Sillery, Kabec the major mission of the Jesuit only contained 35-40 families.
Many Huron believe the Jesuit have a secret league with the Hiroquois (Iroquois) likely because they baptized a few Hiroquois.
Father (I)-Jean Brebeuf (1593-1649) visited the Neutral Nation (Iroquois) and entered into secret treaty. He was denounced as a traitor full of treachery, on all sides. He denied that he did but others presented evidence that he was lying. The Jesuit Order fearing for his life recalled him to Kebec until things cooled down.
The Church of Kebec is burned and destroyed by fire, together with the house of the Jesuit Fathers.
The death of (I)-Issac de Launoy de Razilly (1587-1635/36) threw Acadia into turmoil, as (I)-Charles de Menou d’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650), Nicolas Denys and (II)-Charles de Saint Etienne de La Tour (1595-1665) divided the governing of Acadia and all claimed exclusive rights to trade. A civil war broke out and didn’t end until (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) killed? Charles d’Aulnay de Charinsay (1605-1650) and married his widow Madame Motin.
The Micmac scoffed at the notion of French superiority. They reasoned that if Christian civilization was so wonderful, why were its inhabitants leaving? In France, governments were harsh and the rule of law arbitrary. Famines, disease and death rampaged. The French were just plain dirty, physically weak, and sexually untrustworthy.
The Association for the Colony of Ville-Marie (Montreal. Quebec) is formed, headed by the founders Jerome le Royer de la Dauversiere, Receiver of Taxes at la Fleche, in Anjou; and Father Jean Jacques Olier de Vemeuil, a young Sulpican priest of Paris.
The Jesuit say; nearly all the barbarians (Huron, Algonquian and Iroquois) desire the Jesuit death, as passionately as they crave the preservation of their own lives; in their speech they talk of nothing but slaughtering us, that was an ordinary theme of their Councils, so reported the Jesuits.
A ship arrived Acadia with 25 men and 5 women.
(I)-Guillaume Couture (Cousture), (1617-1701) departed Trois Riviers with Jésuit priests (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646), (I)-Rene Goupil (1608-1642), and 19 Huron Indians. In the vicinity of lake Saint-Pierre, the small convoy was attacked by a group of about 80 Iroquois and are taken prisoner by the Iroquois
January 9: Kebec, marriage (I)-Noel Morin, (1616-1680) to Helene Desportes, epouse October 1, 1634, (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis, b-1606 d-1639.
February 14: Kebec, birth (II)-Paul Selle son (I)- Jacques Selle dit de L’espine to (I)-Marie Berard dit Lepine b-1619
April 11: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 testified in court as a witness.
April 30: Sillery, birth (II)-Nicolas Peltier dit Marolles Metis, died December 2, 1729, Tadoussac, son (I)-Nicolas Pelletier and Jeanne Roussy Metis/Indian (1622-1689); 1st married June 22, 1673 Quebec Madeleine Tegoussi (Montagnaise) sauvagess, veuve d’Augustie sauvage; 2nd marriage June 3, 1677, Tadoussac, Francoise Ouechipichinokoue, Algonguin; 3th marriage (II)-Francoise Lamy, daughter (I)-Isaac Lamy; 4rd marriage August 5, 1715, Quebec, Marie Anne Outchiouanich Nanabesa; Sillery is an Indian reservation so it is highly likely he is a Metis
Marriage #2 produced two Metis children Nicolas & Francois and they produced 10 Metis children.
May 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Peltier, Metis died November 9, 1713, Quebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married November 17, 1653, Quebec, Jean Hayot
May 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Francois Crevier Metis son (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619
May 17: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Marsolet, Metis, died April 19, 1712, Kebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688) epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married October 20, 1653, Kebec, Jean Lemire
May 24: Father (I)-Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot (Chaumonnot, Calvonotti) (1611-1693) wrote; The Missionaries have been frequently persecuted, but non have yet perished. Pierre is fully aware that the Algonquin, Huron and Iroquois all have the Jesuit under Assembly, Council or Grand Council orders to be executed for their evil deeds.
June 24: An Englishman arrived Sault Saint Louis and River des Prairies. The first rapid found in the great river St. Lawrence, which we call “sault saint Louis,”: we come to another stream crossed the “River des Prairies. This river is thus named after a Frenchman called des Prairies. This Englishman had one servant and 20 Abnaquiois, who reside between the Acadian Sea and the St. Lawrence River, in canoes to search for the Northern Sea. He had spent two years following the coast from Virginia to New Mexico attempting to find the route to the North Sea (likely looking for the Mississippi River) but had failed to do so. The French at this time believed the route to the North Sea is via Lake Superior based upon (I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne (1598-1642) account. The Frenchman was refused permission to venture to Fort Kebec and told to return from whence he came. He said he was unable to do so as the streams were dried up. He requested and received permission to go to Tadoussac (Quebec) to find voyage back to England.
June 27: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Jacques Boissel son (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697)
June 30: Tadoussac, (Quebec) three ships arrived, the Esperance 90 tonnage captain Savinien Courpon de la Tour, the Saint Jacques, captain Ancflot and an unnamed ship captain Cabot. Other ships arrived July/August but the numbers and names are unknown.
July 1: Kebec, (I)-Noel Desnoyers, a carpenter of the Ursulines arrived and died July 3, 1640, Kebec.
July 26: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Hayot daughter (I)-Thomas Hayot and Jeanne Boucher: 1st married October 28, 1652, Quebec, Etienne Tenevert: 2nd marriage Leonard Dubord.
July 29: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620.
July/August: An unknown number of ships landed Kebec.
August 7: In Paris, the Island of Montreal, (Quebec) passed into the hands of Jerome Le Rouer (Royer), sieur de la Dauversiere, Sieur de La Dauversiere and Pierre Chevrier, Baron de Fancamp to set the stage for the Montreal Company or Society of Notre Dame de Montreal. Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676) is to be the new Governor of the Ville Marie de Montreal. The Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement, formed in 1639; a secret society of Counter-Reformation zealots in France, is the prime mover. Father Jean Jacques Olier is also a founding member.
August 19: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Belanger, died December 15, 1692 Chateau Richer, son (I)-Francis Belanger b-1612 and (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696): married November 21, 1663 Chateau Richer, Barbe Clouter
September 2: Kebec marriage (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) married Catherine Goujet (1616-1679)
September 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Etienne Sedilot, died November 10, 1688, Quebec, son (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married October 23, 1651, Kebec, Jean Chenier: married August 11`, 1664, Quebec, Madeleine Carbonnet.
September 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis, daughter of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage; married 1st February 6, 1653, Quebec, Nicolas Froget, 2nd marriage February 1, 1681, Repentigny, Jean Baptiste Fonteneau
September 14: Kebec, death Marguerite Petitpas who married (I)-Etienne Sevestre
THREE CHILDREN ARE RECORDED
(II)-Etienne Sevestre died May 2, 1640, Kebec, drowned with Adrien D’Abancour.
(II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Quebec, married 1627, Marie Pichon
(II)-Jacques Sevestre, died June 12, 1685, Quebec
September 30: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Racine, Metis, child of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679)
October 19: Kabec, birth (II)-Marie Bourdon, Metis, died 1660 Quebec, son (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
October 22: Kabec, marriage (I)-Claude Etienne, b-1610 married (II)- Helene Martin, born June 21, 1627, Metis, daughter (I)- Abraham Martin (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611; 2nd marriage Helene September 3, 1647 to (I)-Medard Chouart.
October 31: Trois Rivieres, birth, (II)-Michel Le Neuf, son (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie, b-1606 and (II)-Marguerite Le Gardieur, b-1608, died 1697: married Marie Francoise Denis
November: (I)-Pierre Pijart, Jesuit is in the Tabacco Nation.
December 4: Trois Rivieres, birth/death (II)-Ignace Nicolet son (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) and (II)-Marguerite Couillard
December 17: The Hundred Associates agreed to grant Montreal Island to the Society of Notre Dame de Montreal, except for the mountain and an area to the southeast, and added the seignior of St. Sulpice.
1641
Three marriages, sixteen births and eight deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Brossard b-1641, died December 21, 1709 Quebec daughter (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.: married February 7, 1656 Kebec Jacques Hedouin
Guillaume Des Chesnes, Voyage Couillard dit Des Chesnes, en 1641.
(I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers, (1618/21-1696), pilote, arrived Kebec, 1641, explorer, fur trader, married 1st. September 3, 1647, Kebec (II)-Helene Martin, 2n marriage August 24, 1653, Quebec, (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, was involved in 31 court cases at Trois Rivieres and was resentful on the injustices at the hands of French officials. He and his brother-in-law (II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis, (1632-1710) helped found the Hudson Bay Company. (II)-Pierre is listed as (II)-Marguerite’s half sister. (see Radisson 1631)
Monsieur de Courpon is admiral of the fleet of New France (Canada). Sieur Maisonneuve his surgeon is given to the New Colony of Montreal.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Nicolas Crevier dit Bellerive Metis son (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married 1664 Trois Rivieres, Louise Leloutre, b-1648
(I)-Francois Petit Pre a Jesuit engage is at Trois Rivieres this year
Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Hayot born likely 1641 or earlier, Kebec son (I)-Thomas Hayot and Jeanne Boucher: married November 17, 1653 Quebec, Louise Pelletier..
(I)-Charles Lemoyne de Longueuil, et de Chateauguay b-1624 arrived Kebec this year. He would marry 1654 Montreal, a 13 year old orphan named Catherine Primot, b-1641 whose real name is Catherine Tierry daughter Guillaume Tierry and Elizabeth Messier.
(II)-Marie Anne Le Neuf, b-1641/42 likely Trois Revieries daughter (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie, b-1606 and (II)-Marguerite Le Gardieur, b-1608, died 1697
(I)-Paul De Maisonneuve a noble of Chomeday, arrived New France 1641.
(I)-Jeanne Mance, b-1607, died June 19, 1673, Montreal, arrived Kebec this year.
The Pelletier brothers arrived Quebec; (I)-Guillaume Pelletier (1598-1657) and wife Michelle Mable (1592-1665) and brother (I)-Antoine Pelletier d-1647 drowned when his canoe capsized at Montmorency Falls
Some historians consider a colony of 240 people in 106 years since discovery as hardly representing a commitment by France towards New France.
(I)-Andre Bernard, b-1620, France arrived Acadia to work at Jemseg, Saint John River, (New Brunswick). Fort Jemseg fell in 1645 and Andre was expelled to France but he returned later. He married 1st about 1642 Kebec? an Indian; married 2nd Marie Andree Guyon (1618-1696)? daughter Francois Guyon. The Guyon clan arrived 1619. Marie Andree Guyon (1618-1696)? is recorded married 1637 Kebec, (I)-Charles Belanger b-1612 who arrived Kebec 1619.
TWO CHILDREN ARE RECORD as children (I)-Andre Bernard and Indian Woman
(II)-Michel Nicolas Bernard, Metis b-1662 and married Margurite Indian (1649-1671)
(II)-Rene Bernard, Metis b-1663
If this is correct this marriage likely occurred 1661? It’s also possible he had two Indian wives?
Nicolas Giffar is working among the Huron for the Jesuit.
Mathurin Parisien, Metis b-1641, baptized 1644 Trois Rivieres (Quebec) son Jean Parisien and Francoise Sauvagesse.
(II)-Jean Poirier arrived Acadia son (I)-Jean Poirier
The resident population of New France is two hundred and forty French, increased by 70 with the arrival of (I)-Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve (1612-1676) and (I)-Jeanne Mance (1606-1673)- all committed to sacrificing their lives in the service of God and their fellow man. These religious zealots would go on to establish Ville-Marie (Mountain of Montreal). Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), based on others advice, considered the project insane. They dubbed the project ‘The Foolish (Absurd) Enterprise’.
(I)-Charles Le Moyne de Longueuil (1626-1685) arrived New France to work for the Jesuit in Huron Country. It is believed that (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618/21-1696) also arrived in New France as a servant of the Jesuit whom he remained indentured to until 1646.
The Puritans of Massachusetts established the Body of Liberties and the General Fundamentals of the Plymouth Colony. Liberty included jury trial, no taxation without representation, free elections, no one deprived of life, liberty or property- save by due process of law or those compelled to incriminate themselves. Torture and cruel and barbarous punishment are prohibited. Foreigners are assured equal protection of the law, and cruelty to animals is forbidden. As to cruelty to wives, a husband is forbidden to beat his wife unless in his own defense upon her assault. It is small wonder that the Jesuits would consider these English as more evil than the savage barbarians.
The Iroquois formally declared war against the French.
There are only an estimated 120 French settlers in all of Nova Scotia (Acadia). I am not sure if the same rules apply here as in New France a settler is one who is married and has children, not those married to indigenous women.
Fort Richelieu (Sorel, Quebec) is built this year.
St. Joseph de Sillery, Kabec is established with some 30 families, but is soon abandoned due to its vulnerability to Iroquois attacks. Some held out until 1655/56 when the Iroquois raids and fire finally destroyed the village.
(I)-Thomas Godfroy, Sieur de Normnville (d-1652) of Trois Rivieres, (Quebec) is captured by the Iroquois, but released later this year during peace negotiations. The Iroquois would later kill him in 1652.
(I)-Paul de Chromedey, sieur de Maisonneuve (1612-1676) with 40 Frenchmen began the construction of the Ville-Marie (Montreal) settlement.
It is reported in Paris that a vessel laden with girls (bound for New France) whose virtue had not the approval of any doctor; the Jesuit claim this is a false report. It is not stated if their virtue in question is not correct or if the vessel laden with girls is not correct. It is possible the exporting of the Kings Daughters started earlier than is commonly believed.
The Ursuline nuns wrote that the savages who were not christans were considered by them to be very stupid. The Augustinian nuns marveled that in the hospitals not even a slight quarrel has arisen, although the savages were in great pain. Those savages not once complained.
January 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Agnes Drouin, died November 8, 1641, Kebec son (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) and (II)-Anne Cloutier, died February 3, 1648, Kebec
February: Jesuits (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumont (Chaumonnot, Calvonotti) (1611-1693) returned to Ste Marie among the Huron from a visit to the Neutral Indians at Lake Erie.
February 10: I’Ange Gardien, marriage (II)-Antoine Trudel, died Nay 22, 1701, Montreal to (II)-Madeleine Gariepy, died November 17, 1695, Montreal.
February 12: Francois Marguerie and Thomas Godefroy is captured by the Hiroquois, (Iroquois) they are taken 17-18 days journey south, they are treated like the Savages own children. The Dutch provided clothing and other necessities to the prisoners. They were released later at Trois Rivieres (Quebec) during peace discussions.
February 13: (I)-Menou d’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) requested the return to France and the revoking of the commission of (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665). La Tour disobeyed and remained in Acadia. Thus started the Acadian civil war.
February 24: Kabec, birth, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, died August 26, 1687, Quebec son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: married October 19, 1665, Chateau Richer, Francoise Belanger
March 6, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jacques Godfroy, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, (1608-1681) and Marie Le Neuf b-1612-1688);
April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Nicolas Couillard, Metis died June 24, 1661, Quebec, son (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684);
May 9: Two ships with settlers for Ville-Marie (Montreal) departed France. Among the passengers are (I)-Jeanne Mance (1606-1673) and Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676)- the new Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal).
May 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Noel Boisse, died May 20, 1721 Quebec, son (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697): Married July 23, 1669, Quebec, Marie Morin
May 21: Kebec (I)-Francois De Re de Gand is chief of police in Kebec, died May 21, 1641.
May 27: A Great Fur Market is conducted at Trois Rivieres (Quebec).
June: Four ships arrive Kebec, the Gaston 100t captain G. Joubert, the Rene captain N. Pernet and unknowns.
June: Kabec, four ships arrived, the Gaston of 100 tonnage captain G. Joubert, the Rene 100 tonnage captain N. Pernet, two unnamed ships and a 5th ship arrived August with the first settlers for Ville-Marie (Montreal).
August 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Boucher daughter (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Quebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married January 12, 1655 Chateau Richer Louis Houde
August 8: (I)-Jeanne Mance (1606-1673) arrived in New France.
August 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Gagnon, died May 24, 1699, Quebec daughter (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620. Married April 26, 1654, Quebec, Jean Chapeleau.
August 23: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) and Marie Marguerie d-1700, epouse Moral de St. Quentin. Tanguay attributes three children to this marriage but the inventory dated August 21, 1651 lists no children.
August 20: So as not to lose perspective, the Huron Christian Church only contained 60 zealots.
September 2: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Racine, Metis, died January 5, 1675 Chateau Richer, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married November 10, 1653, Quebec, Simon Guyon
September 3: Kebec, marriage (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1626 son (I)-Martin Boucher 1589-1671) and Julienne Barry; married Florence Gareman, b-1629
September 20: Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676), the new Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal), arrived in New France.
September 25: Kebec, marriage (I)-Rene Mezeray aka Mezler, (1611-1695) to Helene Chastel; 2nd marriage Francoise Milot, died April 5, 1703, Pointe aux Trembles, espouse September 30, 1697, Quebec, Leonard Durord dit Lajeunesse; 3rd marriage October, 1645 Kebec, (II)-Nicole Gareman..
September 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Maheu, died October 19, 1641 Kebec, daughter (I)-Jacques Maheu, d-1663 and Anne Convent, epouse 1627, France (I)-Philippe Amiot and epouse September 10, 1666 Quebec, Etienne Blanchon
October 6: Kebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Damien, b-1611 to Marie Joly, b-1623
October 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine De Chavigny daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: married July 24, 1662, Kebec, Jean Lemoyne, epouse August 13, 1652, Kebec Jacques Gourdeau: et October 15, 1663, Kebec, Jacques Descailhant..
October 19: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis , died August 26, 1687, Quebec son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec. No marriage contract was found. (Francoise could be a Native or Metis? but most likely a sauvagesse): married October 19, 1665, Chateau Richer, Francoise Belanger
October 14: Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676), the new Governor of Montreal, arrived in Ville-Marie (Montreal) and assumed his duties.
November: (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) sent (I)-Nicolas Garcot de la Rochette to Boston to enter into treaty with the English which was only partially agreed to.
November 12: Kebec, death (I)-Andre Samson.
November 24: Kebec birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Bonhomme, died March 23, 1642 Kebec daughter (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679)
December 29: Kebec, birth (III)-Jeanne Sevestre, died January 5, 1648, Quebec son (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec.
1642
Three marriages, nine births and six deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
The mission Ville-Marie (Montreal) de la Province de Quebec is established this year. There are an estimated 200 residents of New France.
In the autumn of this year (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1648 and his future son-in-law (I)-Jean Paul Godefroy, who married 1646, (III)-Marie Madeline Le Gardeur, sailed for France. Their objective was two fold:
1. A petition for trading rights for Ville-Marie (Montreal)
2. A petition for the return of the Recollets, claiming the Jesuits are attending to the savages but not the French
They achieved the first with conditions, but lost the second.
(II)-Laurent Archambault, (Metis?) b-1642, son (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married January 7, 1660, Ville-Marie (Montreal) Catherine Marchand. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
(II)-Felix Aubert (Auber) b-1642, died February 20, 1690, son (I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) and Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English; married April 15, 1670 Chateau Richer, Claire Francoise Thibault
Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Auber, died December 8, 1687, Batiscan, daughter (I)-Francois Auber and Anne Fauconner, died November 30, 1676, L’Ange Gardien, eglise: married 1681 Jacques Dubois
Port Royal; (I)-Jean Blanchard b-1611 married about 1642, Port Royal (II)-Radegonde Joy Lambert b-1621/1629 (Metis). d-1686, daughter (I)-Jean Antoine Lambert and Marie Radegonde Kagijonais a MicMac;
(I)-Francois L’Esguillon dit Lachapelle is at Sillery this year.
(I)or(II)-Pierre Martin married 1642 Madeleine Panis or Pavis: Panis evolved from Pawnee meaning Indian slave and later any slave in New France, Tanguay appears to be confused on these two entries, he says they were both born LaRochelle, France however he also records Panis to mean Savage. I highly suspect this family line is Metis, likely a Savage slave shipped to France, educated, baptized and returned to Kebec. Someone else will have to track this one down! (III)-Madeleine Martin, Metis married Nicolas Frangey, daughter of Pierre (See 1624, very interesting?)
THREE CHILDREN ARE RECORDED
(III)-Charles Martin, Metis b-1648, married Catherine Dupuy; 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Marie Batanville a Boucherville
(III)-Pierre Martin, Metis b-1643, died October 9, 1713 Ste Foye
(III)-Madeleine Martin, Metis, married Nicolas Frangey
One birth is (II)-Germain Morin (1642-1702) who will become the first Canadian born priest.
Most habitants of Kebec now produce wheat, rye, peas, barley and other grains to last 6 months, some only 5 months. Others suggest wheat was not introduced until 1644.
This past winter the French colony had enjoyed good health. The first ship to arrive Kebec informed that the supply ship from France had been sunk or captured by the Dunkirkers.
Jules Cardinal Mazarin became Chief Minister of France following the death of Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642). Fort Richelieu is established at the mouth of the Richelieu River, Quebec. The death of Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642), a Jesuit, who had absolute control over New France, saw the Jesuits attempt to regain this political power by any means possible for the next 60 years plus.
Queen Mother Anne of Austria responded to the appeals of the Society of Ville-Marie (Montreal) and sent forty soldiers to Ville-Marie (Montreal) to deal with the Iroquois problem that was created by the French to isolate the Iroquois and therefore the Dutch from the Indian Fur Trade.
The Jesuit Father (I)-Charles Raymbault or Raimbault (1602-1642) died at Fort Kebec of an illness.
(I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642), the wonder man, Commissary General at Kabec, after spending 35 years in New France, drown near Sillery, (Quebec) as he didn’t know how to swim.
The Sillery Indian Reserve, at this time, contained thirty families; making up one hundred and fifty people. (I)-Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676), a soldier, on authority of the Jesuit, established a mission, Ville Marie, replacing the Algonquian historic settlement site of Hochelaga and the free trader haven that is later to become the Mountain of Montreal. The Jesuit Father (I)-Barthelemy Vimont (1594-1667) hoped this move would strangle the Coureurs des Bois main trading route with the savages and limit their expansion and exploration. No trade, however, exists for the next two season between the Georgian Bay Jesuit and the mission of the Mountain of Montreal, Jesuit traders.
Fort Maisonneuve (Montreal) is established by (I)-Paul de Maisonneuve (1612-1676) at Point Calliere near the ancient site of Hochelaga.
The Jesuit attempt to humiliate the Nipissing Algonkins religious beliefs, calling them superstitious and licentious in their beliefs arousing much opposition and even threatened him with physical harm. This is significant as these People are known to be slow to anger and very tolerant of other opinions.
The harquebus are traded to the Christian Savages but refused in trade to the infidel Savages. The trade decision is hereby given to the Jesuit at the peril of the colony.
The Agneronons live between Trois Rivieres and the Upper Hiroquois (Iroquois) who comprise 700 to 800 men of arms. They trade with the Dutch and have acquired 300 arquebuses (harquebus). They prey on the Huron who have not a single aquebuses (harquebus) because the Jesuit will not allow their trade to the Huron infidels. The beaver obtained from raids on the Huron is used to buy more powder, shot and guns. The Dutch have been encouraging the Hiroquois to drive the French from the New World.
Since the neophytes proclaimed their faith they have been visited by extraordinary misfortunes, pestilence, famine and war. The Christian neophytes say “you tell us that God is full of goodness; and then we give, ourselves up to him, he massacres us. The Iroquois do not believe in God, they are more wicked than demons; and yet they prosper.” The Jesuit say: God uses the Iroquois as a whip, in order to correct you. The Savages say then why did he not begin with the Iroquois? Why did he not try to give them sense first? The Jesuit say few persons go to paradise without passing through the fire of purgatory.
Self flagellation is being encouraged by the Jesuit at Sillery, Kabec for the Savages.
The drum is banned among the Christian Savages at Sillery, Kabec as they represent forbidden superstitions. The Jesuit say by giving up the drum they renounce the Devil.
Among the prisoners is little Therese, the seminarist of the Ursulines, is much sought after in marriage, her uncle named Joseph escaped to tell the tail. The Ursuline convent is completed this year. Marie de I’Iincarnation reported they had 48 pupils. It was not uncommon for Frenchmen to convince girls into country marriages and escape into the bush. After all the girls were being educated for marriage to Frenchmen.
The parish Montreal aka Notre Dame de Montreau is established this year.
January 2: A young Savage woman wishes to leave her husband and return to her people. Father de Quen (Dequen) (1603-1659), the masochist, had her seized and thrown into jail, to bring her to her duty. She was without food, fire, or covering, in the mid of winter, this being according to the Father enough to terrorize this poor creature and others.
February: Menou d’Aulnay ordered the arrest of (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) of Acadia for insubordination and perfidious conduct.
February 14: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) to Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695).
April 1: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Nicolet daughter (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) and Marguerite Couillard: married July 11, 1656, Quebec, Jean Baptist Le Gardeur
April 3: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Crevier Metis son (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married November 26, 1663 Trois Rivieres Marguerite Hertel
April 12: Kebec, death (II)-Antoine Brossard b-1639 son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.
April 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Francoise Peltier, Metis died July 17, 1707, Ste. Foye, daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. August 17, 1654, Quebec, Jean Beriau; 2nd marriage October 11, 1655, Quebec, Sebastien Lienard
April 14: An eclipse on the moon occurred this evening in Kebec.
May 17: (I)-Paul de Maisonneuve (1612-1676), a soldier, (I)-Jeanne Mance (1606-1673), (I)-Mme de La Peltrie and other colonists arrived Montreal Island. One group of mystics called the Society of Notre Dame du Montreal (conceived in 1636) desires to establish a holy city in the wilderness. The Jesuits are against the venture, as is the Governor of Kebec. They label the enterprise as foolish. It would appear that (I)-Paul de Maisonneuve (born February 15, 1612 died 1676) is their leader. (Others suggest (I)-Paul Shamaul de Duneneff, a 32 year old soldier is their leader, but I was unable to find any verification of this man being in New France.) They purchase the Island of Montreal (in 1640 by Girard de la Chaussee) for their colony. They have 50 settlers to establish the first Ville-Marie (Montreal) Colony. They would labor for 20 years, but are not successful in maintaining a permanent religious settlement. They slowly drift from this settlement. Source is Jesuit Relations 1642 notes. (some value-adds were provided by Francine Bernier).
May 31: Kebec, birth (II)-Joseph Marsolet, Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre
June 1: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Brossard, died September 22, 1712, Quebec daughter (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: 1st married October 29, 1656 Kebec, Louis Fontaine: 2nd marriage May 2, 1703, Quebec, Jean LeNormand
June 9: Five Frenchmen, only 200 paces from Mont-Real are attacked. Three are beat to death on the spot and two are taken prisoner. They camped near Mont-Real with no fear of being attacked. The next day they crossed the river and 13 Huron are beaten to death. Eight or ten days later one Frenchman escaped to report that a number of French captives are tilling the soil for the Hiroquois (Iroquois).
June/July: Kebec, four ships landed, the Esperance 90 tonnage captain H. Langevin, the Saint Francois 130 tonnage captain J. Barraud, the Saint Nicolas 80 tonnage captain J. Richard and the Saint Pierre 80 tonnage captain G. Fincard.
July 3: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Francois Hertel, died May 31, 1722, Boucherville son (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) (who was captured by the Iroquois) and Marie Marguerie epouse Moral de St. Quentin: married July 3, 1664, Montreal, Marguerite De Thauvenet.
July 16: Kebec, birth (II)-Mathieu Cote, Metis, son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married 1669 Elizabeth Gravelle
June 22: Kabec, marriage Jean Brossier to Marguerite Banse.
August 2: The Jesuits (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646), Brother (I)-Guillaume Couture (Cousture) (1617-1702) and (I)-Rene Goupil (1608-1642), traveling Ste Marie among the Huron to Kabec, are captured by the Iroquois near Trois Rivieres (Quebec) along with twenty-two Wendat. (I)-Rene Goupil, (1608-1642) a young surgeon and companion of (I)-P. Jogues is beaten to death.
August 13: (I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), with 100 men, built Fort Richelieu at the mouth of the Richelieu River to protect against the Iroquois.
September 10: Monsieur d’Alibour (D’Ailleboust), his wife and sister are at Ville-Marie (Montreal). Fort Richelieu is almost abandoned except for 8 or 10 soldiers.
September 29: (I)-Rene Goupil (1608-1742), a prisoner of war, is killed by the Iroquois after being observed making the sign of the cross over a Mohawk (Iroquois) child. Brother (I)-Guillaume Couture (d-1702) and Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1636) are spared and made prisoner, but later escape and flee to France in December 1643.
October: The English at Boston refused to get involved in the civil war in Acadia that was escalating.
October 9: Kebec, death (I)-Jean Nicolet, b-1598 drown near Kebec.
October 12: Kabec, birth (II)-Marguerite Bourdon, Metis, d-1693 Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
October 22: Father (I)-Charles Raymbault (Raimbault, Raymbault) (1602-1642) died this year.
October 29: Sillery, (I)-Jean Nicolet is at Sillery with (I)-Jean Ferre, died October 29, 1642, Kebec and (I)-Noel Girardeau, died October 29, 1642, Kebec.
November: The Atticameges who live 3-4 days to the North of the Saint Lawrence River arrived Sillery, Kabec in 13 canoes with 60 people to trade. They included their entire family, contrary to normal practice.
November 1: (I)-Jean Nicollet de Belleborne (1598-1642) interpreter and agent of the Company of Gentlemen of New France, being unable to swim, drown on his way to Trois Rivieres. He asked Monsieur de Savigny, who could swim, to look after his wife and daughter. He had been in New France for the past 25 years.
November 19: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Millouer dit Du Maine, b-1616 to 1st. Barbe Hubou child of Jean Hubou and Jeanne Goupil, de Du Mesnill Durant; married 2nd November 28, 1651, Quebec, Jeanne Le Roy, b-1626
1643
One marriages, fifteen births and five deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
LISTED AMONG THE FILLE DU ROI IN 1667 ?
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1643), married Pierre Pouillard, October 12, 1667
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1647), married Michel Verret, Michel, dit Laverdure, October 13, 1669 Michel Verret,
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1656), married 1672, Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre, 1672;
Possibility Marie Deschamps is a savague?
Venant Baubrian, Metis b-1643 son Pierre Baubrian b-1620, arrived Kebec 1643 and unknown, most likely a sauvagesse.
Kebec birth (II)-Guillaume Bonhomme, died March 14, 1710 Ste Foye son (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); 1st married October 30, 1664 Quebec Francoise Hachee; 2nd marriage 1704 Marie Therese Piron.
(I)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) served as a soldier at Fort Kebec (1643-1645), it would appear his Indian wife and family are living Trois Riveries.
(I)-Jean Chevalier, b-1629, died August 5, 1699 LaPrairie married 1643 Marguerite Le Normand: one child is recorded (II)-Jeanne Marguerite, b-1644, died November 25, 1716 Riviere Ouelle: married April 5, 1701 la Riviere Ouelle Jean Baptiste Deschamps.
(I)-Jacques De Cheurainville married Marguerite Baudon
(I)-Andre Crevier, a doctor is in Trois Rivieres this year.
(I)-Joseph Debeaune is living Trois Rivieres
Simeon Heron a servant of the Jesuits is at Kabec this year.
Marie Hirouin (Kirwin) a refuge from Scotland arrived Kebec from France in 1643, she returned to Dieppe but returned to Quebec in 1657.
Monsieur (I)-Nicolet, interpreter and agent of the gentlemen of the Company of New France, died in a shipwreck. He spent 25 years (1618-1643) in New France.
(III)-Pierre Martin, Metis b-1643, died October 9, 1713 Ste. Foye son (II)-Pierre Martin de St. Pierre Il d’Oleron and Madeleine Panis (Slave) de La Rochelle.
(I)-Pierre Mignot arrive Kebec this year and resided with the Ursulins seminars for savages until 1647 where he learned French and the gave him the name od dit Chatillon. He later gave them 300 livres.
(I)-Guillaume Tronquet is at Kebec 1643-1646
Ship list of colonists to Kebec in 1643
Guillaume Amette dit Bontemps, b-1608 de Rouen
Urbain Aubin dit Saint Aubin, b-1619 de Rouen
Jean Baudon dit Beloeillet, b-1623 de Lignieres in Berry
Jacques Bauricus, b-1623 de Montauban
Louis Bayard dit Larose, b-1623 de Normandy
Pierre Bonnet, b-1613, de Brouage
Jean Bucheton, b-1622 de Baignon close to Nates
Pierre Campion dit Lamote, b-1613 de Poitiers
Lazare Cauberch dit Champmartin, b-1618 de Saumur
Isaac Cousseau dit Laroche, b-1619 de LaRochelle
Charles Crestien dit Desmarais, b-1605 de Angers
Marc Antoine Galibart dit Colombier, b-1624 de Bordeaux
Jacques Gaynes dit Beauregard de Mortagne in Pole
Rene Gergault, b-1621 de Scaubon
Antoine Geroult dit Laviolette, b-1618 de Freiburg
Pierre Giraud dit Laplante, b-1605 de LaRochelle
Jacques Guesdon b-161617 de Brouage
Jean Hennequin dit Lapointe, b-1593 de Metz
Nicolas Herier, b-1607 de Brouage
Louis of Jard dit Sainte Catherine, b-1603 de LaRochelle
Francois Latour dit Sainte Marie, b-1615 de Nancy
Jean Laurent dit St. Lawrence, b-1621 de LaRochelle
Martin Leroux, b-1591 de Castle de Dormouse
Pierre Lostellier dit Lapree, b-1610 de Cormecluze close to Coze in Saintonage
Isaac Mainvielle b-1613 de Freiburg
Pierre Papinet dit Perodiere, b-1588 de Parthenay in Poitou
David Pariset dit Francoeur, b- 1623 de Lausanna in Switzerland
Forier Peredeau dit Laviolette, b-1618 de Chair the Viscount
Jean Potet dit LaFortune, b-1624 de Lucerne
Nicolas Rouillon dit Pensee, b-1615 de Serras in Lyonnais country
Jacques Roy, b-1611, de Echillais in Saintonge
Andre Savrignac, b-1611 de LaRochelle
Map of New France
New FranceCardinal Mazarin (1643-1661), age 41, assumed Cardinal Richelieu’s position and policies in the governing of France and New France. The Jesuit Father (I)-Leonard Garreau (1609-1656), Father (I)-Gabriel Druilletes (1610-1681), Father (I)-Martin de Lyonne and Father (I)-Noel Chabanel (1613-1649) arrived at Fort Kebec.
The Dutch Governor, Kieft, disliked the Algonquian tribes along the Hudson River. This year, unprovoked, he massacred the peaceful Wecquaesgeek tribe at Pavonia, sparking off a war. The Royal Dutch Company replaced him with Peter Stuyvesant who had a bad temper and autocratic methods.
Eight years ago one could see 80-100 cabins, now we see barely 5-6, a captain had 800 warriors, now 30 or 40, a fleet of 300 to 400 canoes, now we see 20 or 30, the remnants of the Huron Nation now consists almost entirely of women, widows and girls, who cannot find lawful husbands.
At this time, most French households in the French colony of Kebec maintained a six month supply of wheat, rye, peas, barley and other grains necessary to life of man.
(I)- Pierre de Voyer d’Argenson (1612-1660) played a leading role in the newly established Ville-Marie (Montreal, Quebec).
Ville-Marie (Montreal) had grown from 50 people to 70 people by this year.
Fort Amsterdam, New Holland contained 60 soldiers on the Island of Manhttes and their resides about 400 to 500 men of various sects and nations. Forty Hollanders were killed this year and their houses were burned by the savages. New colonists are furnished with horses, cows etc. which they must pay back when they are established, and 10% of their produce to The Company of the West Indies.
New Holland is limited on the north, New England, side by a river called the Fresh River aka. Quinnehtukgut (land of the long tidal river) discovered 1614 by Allen Block, a Dutchman. The English prefer to settle on the Dutch side because the English Milords, extract rents and like to put on airs of being absolute. On the other side to the south has a river called South River aka. Delaware, discovered 1609 by Hendrik Hudson, 1st settled 1623 Fort Nassau (Gloucester, New Jersey). In 1638 a Swedish settlement is established across the Delaware called Fort Christiana (Wilmington, Delaware). The Swedish settlement is being supplied by Amsterdam Merchants much to the consternation of the habitants.
The Savages killed a few Dutch settlers and the Dutch retaliated by savagely killing 50 men, women and even little children. The Savages then retaliated by killing 40 Dutch farmers and burning their houses. The Dutch fielded 600 soldiers who worked in shifts killing 1,600 men, women and children. The Savages were appalled at such barbarianism and were forced to to make peace or be annulated. It is noteworthy that early encounters with the natives suggested that women and children were immune from harm even during times of war.
Louis d’Ailleboust commanded additional colonists to the Island of Montreal settlement and named the settlement Ville-Marie
Roger Williams governor Rhode Island wrote: nasaump is a kind of meale pottage. The English samp is corn, beaten and boiled and eaten hot or cold with milk or butter. The Acadians sweetened it with maple sugar or molasses. The Algonquian called it Narraganset and the Massachusetts called it saupaum both meaning ‘water softened’.
January 1: Kabec, birth, (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis, daughter, (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: married January 9, 1656, Quebec, Rene Chevalier: married January 9, 1656, Quebec, Rebne Chevalier
January 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Barbe Martin, Metis, died October 5, 1660 Chateau Richer, daughter of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611? see 1624 1609 & 1610; married January 12, 1655, Kebec, Pierre Biron
January 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Duquet, died October 13, 1687, Quebec son (I)-Denis Duquet (1605-1675) and Catherine Gautier, b-1627: Married August 25, 1666, Quebec, Anne LaMarre.
February 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Belanger daughter (I)-Francis Belanger b-1612 and (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696): married August 7, 1656 Kebec, Bertrand Chesne dit Lagarenne Sieur de Lothainville
March 27: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Charles Gareman son (I)-Pierre Gareman dit Garnier (in 1666 census) and Madeleine Charlot: married 1676, Marie Gonnentenne, Quebec Rene Mezeray.
April 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Sedilot daughter (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married October 23, 1651, Kebec, Jean Chenier: married 1st April 12, 1655, Montreal, Jean Aubuchon; married 2nd February 10, 1687Montreal Pierre Lusseau..
April 8: Kebec, birth (II)-Renee Gagnon, son (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620. married Quebec, Jean Ouimet
April 25, Trois Rivieres, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Godfroy, child of (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, (1608-1681) and Marie Le Neuf b-1612-1688);
May 1: Kebec, birth (III)-Jean Boucher son (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1626 and Florence Gareman, b-1629
May 3: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Gagnon, died October 27, 1699 Chateau Richer, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695). Marriage Quebec, Marguerite Racine.
May 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Madeleine De Chavigny daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married July 26, 1656, Quebec, Thomas Douaire Bondy: 2nd marriage November 19, 1671, Quebec, Jacques Alexis De Fleury.
May 31: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Maheu, died 1674 son (I)-Jacques Maheu, d-1663 and Anne Convent, epouse 1627, France (I)-Philippe Amiot and epouse September 10, 1666 Quebec, Etienne Blanchon: 1st married July 16, 1663, Quebec Marguerite Corriveau: 2nd marriage September 18, 1673 Chateau Richer, Mathurine Belanger.
June: (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) blockaded La Tour’s fort on the mouth of the St. John River. (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) received help from Boston and drove (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) ship back to Port Royal where it was beached in panic. A pinnace with 400 moose hides and a like number of beaver is captured from (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) and used to pay for the Boston help.
June 9: Montreal, death Bernard Berte de Lyon, killed by the Iroquois along with (I)-Guillaume Boissier and Laforest
June 22: Kebec, marriage Jean Brossier to Marguerite Banse
June 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Gagnon, daughter (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695).
July 21: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Jean Rousseau de Paris is killed by a discharge of a gun, he arrived Kebec 1636.
August: Kabec, Admiral Courpon led a fleet of 4 ships having lost a 5th on at sea. The Esperance at 90 tonnage Admiral S. Courpon of the Tour, the Saint Francois at 130 tonnage captain J. Barraud, the Madeleine at 80 tonnage captain J. Jouet, the Marie at 86 tonnage captain P. Metifeu, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage that arrived with supplies for Ville-Marie (Montreal).
September 20: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Boissel daughter (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697): 1st married October 6, 1657 Etienne Bouchard: 2nd marriage January 7, 1687, Quebec, Julien Joyan.
October 19: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Drouin, died October 4, 1710, Chateau Richer daughter (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) to (II)-Anne Cloutier, died February 3, 1648, Kebec: married April 24, 1656, Quebec, Romain De Trepagny
November 21: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Leblanc, b-1620 to Euphrasie Madeleine Nicolet, b-1636: epouse February 22, 1663, Quebec, Elie Dusceau
November 29: Kebec, death Marguerite Lesage wife of (I)-Nicolas Pivert long time residents Kebec from before 1624.
December 26: Kebec, birth (II)-Noel Racine, Metis, son of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married September 12, 1667, Chateau Richer, Marguerite Gravelle.
1644
Four marriages, ten births and nine deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(II)-Marie Archambault, (Metis?) b-1644, daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married November 27, 1656, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Gilles Lauzon. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
Kebec, birth (II)-Alexander Brossard, died January 14, 1688 Ste Famille son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.
(I)-Martin Duclos a soldat is at Kebec.
Jean Juchereau de la Ferte son Jean Junchereau seignereau du Maure married Marie Francoise, age 11 years, 5 months daughter sieur Giffard.
(I)-Jean Poisson married likely Kebec Jacqueline Chamboy b-1628, epouse Michel Pelletier de le Prade
Rhode Islanders proposed that unity can be achieved by adopting a common principle of religious liberty. Roger Williams of Rhode Island pushed this principle to the point of heresy among the Puritans when he proclaimed that maybe the Indian religion is equally acceptable to God as with Christianity.
Father d’Endemare wrote: It is almost impossible to make either peace or war with these barbarians (Iroquois). Not peace because war is their life, their amusement, and their source of profit all in one. Not in war because they make themselves invisible to those who seek them and only show themselves when they have heavy odds in their favor. Go to hunt them in their villages and they fade into the forest.
The Jesuits believed the Huron (Wendat) represented the door to the west, as far as China, that is full of Nations more populous than the Huron. Towards the south, we see other Peoples beyond number, to whom we can access only by means of this door at which we now stand.
Father (I)-Jacques Buteux (1600-1652) noted that the Captains of the Savages are very poorly obeyed by their People, because they use no violence. He encouraged them to use sticks on their backs.
Father (I)-Jacques Buteux (1600-1652) ordered the public beating of a Savage for beating his wife for an act of disobedience. The Jesuit appear unaware that violence begets violence.
An overly zealous neophyte, at Tadoussac, who shaves his head like the Jesuit, uses a whip of rope to beat the people to prayer, if they do not respond fast enough.
Madame de la Peltrie journied to Tadoussac to wintess the brutalities.
Father Ignace, a Jesuit responsible for the Mission at Tadoussac, represents the most infamous of the Black Robes. He believed that guided by the Holy Ghost, flagellation and whipping, as a penance, is to be inflected upon the Savages. The good Father provided the whip and the little children are stripped naked, before the alter of God, to receive up to twenty five blows for their transgressions. Some children were still at the breast. Some mothers used their rosaries to beat the children. The Jesuit considered this perverted practice as a Holy Ceremony. It is noteworthy that before the Jesuit arrived an Indian never raised a hand to any child, for any reason and the men offered themselves, for punishment, threatened against a French boy. This perverted European practice is surely the work of the Devil and a clear indication that the Jesuit walk in the Darkness. It is noteworth that a religious Nun in 2002 in Canada received 8 months in prison for doing the same things as Father Ignace. Father (I)-Jean De Quen (Dequen) (1603-1659) preceded Father Ignace and condoned the practice, Father (I)-Jacques Buteus (1600-1652) preceded Father (I)-Jean De Quen and also approved of this type of brutality. The fact that it was published suggests this was a common practice.
Queen Mother Anne of Austria responded to the appeals of the Society of Montreal and sent 60 soldiers to deal with the Iroquois problem.
January: marriage, Kebec, (I)-Martin Prevost, b-1611, died January 26, 1691 to Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620 daughter Roch Manitouabewich and Outchibaha Manikoue, 2nd marriage November 8, 1665 (II)-Marie D’Abancour, b-1618, veuve de Godfroy Guillot.
February 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Cote, Metis, son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: 1st married November 11, 1669, Kebec, Anne Couture: 2nd marriage February 25, 1686, Kebec, Genevieve Verdon.
March 19: Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Peltier daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married January 29, 1659, Quebec Noel Jeremie.
March 30: (I)-Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve and 30 settlers repelled a large war party of Iroquois intent on taking Ville-Marie (Montreal). (I)-Guillaume Lebeau died this day killed by the Iroquois, as was Pierre Bigot and Jean Mattemasse
April 11, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jeanne Godfroy, died June 28, 1713, Quebec daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie LeNeuf b-1612-1688);
April 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Boucher daughter (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married November 6, 1656 Kebec, Charles Godin
April 29: Father (I)-Francesco Gioseppi Bressani (1612-1672) is captured by the Iroquois near Fort Richelieu, at the mouth of the Richelieu River, but escaped and returned to France in November 15.
May 1: Kebec, marriage (I)-Masse Joseph Gravelle (1616-1686) to Marguerite Tavernier (1627-1697)
May 5: Kabec, birth Charles Brossier son Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.
May 15: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Masse to (II)-Marie Pinel De La Chenaire
May 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Cesar Leger and 1st marriage Roberte Gadois; 2nd marriage August 26, 1647, Kebec Marguerite Berard.
June: Kabec, five ships arrived, the Dauphin at 200 tonnage captain Baudouin, the Saint Clement at 120 tonnage captain J. Guyonneau, the Vierge at 120 tonnage captain H. Bourget, an unnamed ship admiral Courdon and the Nortre Dame at 250 tonnage for Ville-Marie (Montreal).
June 4: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Jolliet child (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) and Marie D’Abancour dite La Caille
July 25: Kebec, birth (III)-Catherine Sevestre, died January 24, 1670, Quebec daughter (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec.
July 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Martin Etienne, Metis, died September 10, 1644, Kebec son (I)-Claude Etienne b-1610 and (II)-Helena Martin, Metis b-1627, epouse September 3, 1647, Kebec, Jean Chouard
August 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Marsolet, Metis, daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1601-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married September 4, 1662, Quebec, Michel Guyon
August 29: Kabec, birth (II)-Anne Bourdon, Metis, died November 4, 1711 Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
September 7: Twenty two soldiers are dispatched to the Huron Country for one season.
October 8: Hotel Dieu is opened at Ville-Marie (Montreal) by Jeanne Mance.
October 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Sedilot daughter (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married 1st, August 16, 1660, Quebec, Julien Trotier; married 2nd, Rene Blanchet
November 3: Kebec, marriage (I)-Martin Prevost, b-1611, died January 26, 1691 Beauport to Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665), daughter Roch Manitouabewich and Huron wife and was the adopted child of (I)-Oliver Tardif (Letardif) (1601-1665) and was living with (I)-Guillaume Hubou and Marie Rollet, veuve (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627). Others suggest the marriage was January 3, 1644 and the witness were (I)-Oliver Letardiff (1601-1665) and (I)-Quillaume Couillard, d-1663. Prevost second marriage November 8, 1665, Quebec (II)-Marie D’Arancour, b-1618, Veuve October 9, 1639, Kebec, Jean Jolet and veuve October 19, 1651, Kebec, de Godfroy Guillot dit Lavalet. (II)-Marie was daughter (I)-Adrien D’Abancour, dit Lacaille and Simone D’Orgeville, b-1589, died January 14, 1649. Some suggest this was the first ‘recorded’ marriage between a Frenchman and a savage.
1645
Four marriages, ten births and one death are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Ambroise Cauvert, A Jesuit lay brother is at Kebec this year.
(I)-Charles Chevalier a surgeon, is resident in 1645 at Trois Rivieres, married a sauvagesse?, but not named. One child is recorded (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis, married Quebec, November 4, 1659, Quebec, (II)-Pierre Pinguet, b-1630, died April 22, 1704 Ste. Foye, Quebec.
(I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers, (1618/21-1696), worked for the Jesuits (1645-1646) at Ste Marie in Huronia.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Crevier Metis daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; 1st married May 14, 1757 Trois Rivieres Jacques Fournier; 2nd marriage 1663 Michel Gamelin; 3rd marriage August 21, 1683 Boucherville Francois Renou
(I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 married about 1645, likely Trois Rivieres, marriage is to Jeanne Aunois aka (Nounau?), of the Indian Nation, (Algonquaine?) b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres.
(I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie b-1606 Governor Trois Rivieres (1645-1648) and (1650-1651)
(I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) married likely 1645 Trois Rivieres to (II)-Jeanne Mechin, Metis b-1630 likely daughter (I)-Jean Mechin drown November 6, 1626 on his way to Trois Rivieres and unknown mother likely Indian or Metis..
New France only contained 600 residents and a few hundred engages (indentured slaves). In comparison, this is smaller than a single large Iroquois village. The New France culture, the grand utopian plan of Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642), just did not appeal to the French citizens. Freedom was not an option that the Roman Catholic Church was willing to offer.
Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653) forbade the Algonquin and Wendat to torture their Iroquois prisoners because they would be disgraced to be outdone in clemency. Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1636-48) is recalled to France as the colonists and Maisonneuve of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) are not pleased with his governorship. (I)-Louis d’Ailleboust, seigneur de Coulonge et d’Argenteny (born about 1612 Ancy-le-Franc, France died 1660 Ville-Marie (Montreal) became temporary Governor of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) (1645-1646).
(I)-Francois Marguerie, an interpreter, married and settled down at Trois Rivieres. Later, (I)-Jean Amyot and (I)-Francois Marguerie are crossing the St. Lawrence River near their homes and are caught in a storm. Marquerie drown. (I)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) also settled at Trois Rivieres with his Indian girl and likely his Metis children..
The Hiroquois were on the Saint Lawrence River on a foray when Simon Pieskaret, a Captain of the Algonquin perceived them, he prepared an ambuscade and captured them, turning them as prisoners to the French.
January 23: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Brossard daughter (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: married March 4, 1658, Quebec, Jean Lemelin.
January 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Lafond, (1615-1665) to (II)-Marie Boucher, d-1706.
January 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Pepin, Sieur De Lafond b-1615, died September 15, 1665 Trois Riviers; married (II)-Marie Boucher (1630-1706) daughter (I)-Gaspard Boucher
February: (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) received word from two Friars that La Tour’s fort was only defended by 50 men. He lost no time in attacking the fort but on first encounter lost 20 men with 13 wounded before he withdrew.
February 6: Kebec, marriage (I)-Claude L’Archeveque to Marie Simon
February 12: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Gagnon, daughter (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620. married November 16, 1661, Chateau Richer, Jean Caron
March 6: The Company of New France agreed to assign its fur trade monopoly to the Kabec based Compagnie des Habirants or Habitants Company. Fifteen businessmen, frustrated with the Jesuit control of trading, created the Compagne des Habitants, (Habitants Company) reserving its rights of ownership over all fur trade of New France. The Jesuits suggest the onerous cost of settlement caused the transfer of the Company of New France to the Habitants of New France, but that they retained their seigniorial rights. It is noteworthy that the peasants, servants and slaves were not called inhabitants until the late 17th century. The French colony established a Canadian Company (Community of the Habitants of New France) to restore the fur trade and finally received the blessing of the Jesuit. An overriding royalty of 1,000 pounds of fur is to be paid annually to the old company. Over sixty Wendat (Huron) boat loads of furs arrived at the mission of the Mountain of Montreal, and, in 1646, this increased to eighty boats with thirty two thousand pounds of beaver pelts. At this time, the whole St. Lawrence valley contained only six hundred registered French and a few hundred engages. This is smaller than one large Native village. France, at this time, is still not encouraging immigration to New France. The Crown, however, sent engages or indentured workmen, bound for thirty-six months before they could became free. More than half of the several hundred engages who arrived each year over the next ten years would stay on in the colony. Many would escape their indenture by becoming Coureurs des Bois.
March 7: Quebec, birth, (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: 1st married November 6, 1662, Quebec, Louis Cote; 2nd marriage December 15, 1669, Quebec, Guillaume Lemieux.
March 23: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, daughter of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?, see 1624, 1609-1610; married November 12, 1658, Quebec, Jacques Rate
April: After years of blockades and sporadic fighting, (I)-Menou d’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) of France attacked (II)-Charles de LaTour’s (1595-1665) French stronghold of Fort Sainte Marie at St. John, New Brunswick. LaTour was in Boston seeking help, so his wife since 1640 (I)-Francoise Marie Jacquelin (1602-1645) with 45 men held the Fort for three days against the attacking army of 200 men. A Swiss guard was bribed and (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) army gained access to the fort. The advancing army however lost 12 killed and numerous wounded. Francoise agreed to surrender the fort under condition the garrison would be spared. Sieur Charnisay (1604-1650) agreed to the terms but upon possession he executed all the men except one who agreed to be the executioner. (I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650), went down in the annals of Acadia as a villain. Francoise being deceived and heart broken at the slaughter of her people died in a few short weeks. It is noteworthy that Charnisay was a cousin of (I)-Isaac de Razilly (1587-1636). This civil war effectively ruined both men and Charnisay was labeled as being hard, cruel and incapable of pity. He lost all his friends in France. He admitted taking 55,000 $ of worth of furs and probably got her personal 2,000 pounds. (I)-Charles D’Aulnay (1604-1650) also had the decency of sending her baby back to France after her death. Ironically (II)-Charles de LaTour’s (1595-1665) would marry his widow after (I)-Charles D’Aulnay (1604-1650) death.
April 13: (I)-Francoise Marie Jacquelin (1602-1645) surrendered Fort Sainte Marie at St. John, New Brunswick, and Menou d’Aulnay, an arrogant man, of France hanged most of the surviving Frenchmen. Mme La Tour died soon afterwards. (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) of Acadia, by 1646, became a fur trader in Kabec; likely a Coureurs des Boise.
May 2: Sillery, birth (II)-Denis Masse son (I)-Pierre Masse & (II)-Marie Pinel De La Chenaire; married 1672 Catherine Pinel
June 5: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Michel Dodier son (I)-Sebastin Dodier and Marie Bonhomme
July 14: Peace is arranged by the arrogant Kiotsaton of the Iroquois, and the French and her allies by (I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653).
July 20, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Joseph Godfroy, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie LeNeuf b-1612-1688); married October 21, Trois Rivieres Catherine Poulain
August 5: Kabec, five ships arrived the Cardinal at 300 tonnage, the Saint Sauveur at 150 tonnage captain Jean Paul Godefroy, two unnamed ships and the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage for Ville-Marie (Montreal) captain Charles Le Gardeur def Tilly.
August 7: Kebec, death (I)-Jacques Boisseau, b-1630
August 9: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Joseph Fafard son (I)-Bertrand Fafard dit Laframboise, b-1620, died November 3, 1660, Trois Rivieres and Marie Sedilot, b-1627, epouse February 16, 1681, Trois Rivieres, Rene Benard
August 29: Kebec, birth (II)-Joseph Giffard d-1706 son (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668) and Marie Renocard b-1659; married October 22, 1663 Quebec Michelle Therese Nau
August 29, the Journal of the Jesuits noted:
“Those who returned this year from the Hurons were Pierrot Cochon, Gilles Bacon, Daniel Carteron, Jean Le Mercier des Groseillers, Racine & Eustache Lambert who was a donne and had to go back & in fact he went back with the above said named; & in addition he was in charge of two calves”.
September: (I)-Pierre Pijart, Jesuit is at Trois Rivieres
September 2: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Hertel daughter (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) (who was captured by the Iroquois) and Marie Marguerie epouse Moral de St. Quentin: married October 29, 1658, Trois Rivieres, Louis Pinar
September 7: The 22 soldiers from the Huron Country returned with 60 Huron Canoes, laden with beaver. Most if not all soldiers are involved in the fur trade.
September 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Louis Jolliet son (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) and Marie D’Abancour dite La Caille: married October 7, 1675, Quebec, Claire Francoise Bissot.
October: Nicolas Giffar is working among the Huron for the Jesuit since 1641. He agreed this year to work with Master Zacharie, a carpenter, for the next 5 years and both profit in beaver.
October: Kebec, marriage (I)-Rene Mezeray aka Mezler, (1611-1695) to 1st September 25, 1641, Kebec, Helene Chastel; 2nd marriage 1645 Francoise Milot, died April 5, 1703, Pointe aux Trembles, espouse September 30, 1697, Quebec, Leonard Durord dit Lajeunesse; 3rd marriage October, 1645 Kebec, (II)-Nicole Gareman..
October 10: Kebec, marrage (II)-Nicole Madeleine Gareman son of (I)-Pierre Gareman aka Garnier and Madeleine Charlot: married Rene Mezeray
October 10: Kebec, marriage Rene Mezeray to (II)-Nicole Madeleine Gareman b-1631 Kebec? daughter (I)-Pierre Gareman dit Garnier (in 1666 census) and Madeleine Charlot:
October 17: Chrestiennaut was sent to Trois Rivieres in the employ of the Jesuits. He had come to New France in the employ of Monsieur de Repentigny and was discontented, so he had resolved to retreat to the woods rather than go back to France. He was not under written contract.
October 26: Kebec, marriage (I)-Francois Marguerie d-1648 married (II)Louise Clotier (Cloutier) the daughter of Master (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, b-1631 and Xainte Dupont(1596-1677): epouse November 10, 1648, Kebec Jean Mignot.
October 26: Chateau Richer, marriage (II)-Louise Cloutier, b-1621, died June 22, 1699, Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680): 1st married October 26, 1645 Chateau Richer, Francois Marguerie: 2nd marriage November 10, 1648, Kebec, Jean Migot: 3rd marriage February 3, 1684, Chateau Richer, Jean Mataut
October 29: Five vessels departed New France with 20,000 pounds weight beaver skins for the habitants and 10,000 for the General Company.
November: Wood is being sold for the first time in Kebec.
November 7, Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Delaunay, b-1616 died November 28. 1654 killed by the Iroquois, and (II)-Francoise Pinguet, d-1661, daughter (I)-Louis Henri Pinguet (1588-1671) and Louise Bouche, d-1649; epouse February 8, 1655 Vincent Poirier, .
November 7: Monsieur (I)-Pierre Delaunay, b-1616, who arrived Kebec 1636 married (II)-Francoise Piguet (Pinguent) daughter (I)-Louis Henri Pinguet (1588-1671) and Louise Bouche, d-1649; 2nd marriage of (II)-Francoise Piguet (Pinguent) February 8, 1655, Quebec, Vincent Pierre.
November 7: Kebec, marriage Pierre Launay (1645-1654) to (II)-Francoise Bouchier (1625-1661) daughter (I)-Louis Henry Pinguet (1590-1671) and (I)-Louise Lousche Boucher b-1589; 2nd marriage of Francoise 1655 Vincent Poirier
November 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Fransoise Duquet, died September 15, 1719, Quebec daughter (I)-Denis Duquet (1605-1675) and Catherine Gautier, b-1627: 1st married January 19, 1660, Quebec, Jean Madry: 2nd marriage September 14, 1670, Quebec, Oliver Morel De La Durantaye
November 12: Kebec, marriage Nicolas Macard married Marguerite espouse Jean Nicolet the explorer.
November 15: A notice is posed at Trois Rivieres that no one is to trade with the savages. The Jesuit at Kebec are concerned it might apply to them also.
November 15: Vimont obtains des Chastelets’s consent that the prohibition of trade with the Indians does not apply to the Jesuit fur trade, but they are told they must carry it out quietly.
November 21: The vessel that operates between Kebec and Trois Rivieres was wrecked this year with a loss of 9 men. Much of the cargo was saved.
November 21: Kebec: marriage (II)-Jean Juchereau De La Ferte, d-1685 to (II)-Marie Francoise Giffard, died August 11, 1665, Quebec daughter (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599:
November 23: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Belanger, died January 22, 1703 Quebec, daughter (I)-Francis Belanger b-1612 and (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696): 1st married November 19, 1663 Chateau Richer, Antoine Berton dit Chatillon: 2nd marriage December 13, 1666 Chateau Richer, Louis Levasseur
November 27: Kebec, marriage (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson, b-1620, died January 14, 1692/94, Chateau Richer son of (I)-Jean Gui (Guyon), d-1663 and Mathureine Robin, d-1662: married (II)-Elizabeth Couillard, born February 9, 1631, Kebec, died April 5, 1704 Chateau Richer, daughter (II)-Guillaume Couillard, and (II)-Guillemette Herbert;
1646
Four marriages, sixteen births and 15 deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Guillaume Couture (Cousture) (1617-1702) is believed to have country married an Iroquois woman during his captivity but proof is lacking.
Michel Blanot dit Lafontaine married (I)-Elizabeth De Lugny, b-1627
(II)-Marie Lefebvre, Metis, likely born 1646, Trois Riviers or in the wild, daughter (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married Andre Martel.
Kebec, birth (II)-Jacquess Boissel, died June 2, 1674, Quebec, son (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697)
(I)-Charles Drouillar, a farmer arrived Kebec
Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Gagnon, died August 10, 1687 Ste. Anne, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695). married 1669 Chateau Richer, Barbe Fortin
Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Poulain, daughter (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) and Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687): married Pierre Mauffis.
(II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis (1640-1710) was often in Trois-Rivieres and is considered a true Coureur des Bois. He married at least three times, one being Elizabeth Hainault, 1656, Trois Rivieres, daughter Madeleine Hainault; another one being the daughter of one of the Kirke Brothers, John Kirke, in England. He likely had many country wives during his long life in the country. He had at least 9 known children and became a citizen of England in 1687. (See Radisson 1631)
Peace, Union, and concord have flourished this year in the Island of Montreal.
During a religious procession, one’s profession represented their social standing in the following order: carpenters, masons, sailors, toolmakers, brewers and bakers, naturally the clergy are first.
The Superstitions and the Sorcerers (medicine men or sometimes those not Christian) are banished from Saint Joseph at Sillery, Kabec.
Jesuit (I)-Father Gabriel Lalemant (1610-1649) arrived in Fort Kabec. (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseillier (1618-1696?) had become a disciple of the Jesuit fathers and is serving as a lay assistant at their Wendat (Huron) mission near Georgian Bay.
Free-traders are again threatening the viability of the General Company of New France. The King of France decreed that all trade goods shall be placed in the public stores and consigned by the Company merchants. Public stores shall be located at Fort Kabec, Trois Rivieres and Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal). Any goods imported and used as trade goods are subject to confiscation and the revoking and annulling of all passports. Trading of wine and brandy with the Indians is under penalty of corporal punishment.
(II)-Charles La Tour, (1595-1665) visited Kebec to a hero’s welcome, he had lost but won the hearts of the people and this was not lost on France.
(I)-Guillaume Couture (1617-1702) , judge of the Cote Lauzon, and faithful companion of P. Jogues. In 1646 at Trois Riveres made a feast for the sauvage P. Jhandich an Iroquois. He was given the name Acrika by Mr Nicolet to the joy of the Huron, Algonquins and Aunieonous.
Those who returned from the interior, Huronia, to Trois Rivieres this year are:
Pierrot Cochon (Cauchon)
(I)-Gilles Bacon, d-1654, married 1647 Kebec, Marie Tavernier, b-1632
Daniel Carteron
Jean Le Mercier
(I)-Desgrosillers – (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618-1696)
(I)-Racine – likely (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607, married May 22, 1638 Kebec, (II)-Marguerite Martin, born January 4, 1624, Kebec, d-1679.
(I)-Eustache Lambert (1618-1673), married about 1656 Marie Laurence (1632-1686)
January 14: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean L’Archeveque, died April 6, 1699, Quebec son (I)-Claude L’Archeveque and Marie Simon
January 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve De Chavigny, died April 21, 1724, Quebec, daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married May 2, 1660, Quebec, Charles Amiot: 2nd marriage October 23, 1680, Quebec, Jean Baptiste Couillard
February 1: Father (I)-Anne de Noue (1587-1646), a Jesuit of noble birth, left Trois Rivieres for Fort Richelieu, about 40 miles away, but lost his way, just outside the Fort and perished in the snow. He was not properly dressed, had no blanket or matches and ventured out in the middle of the night without a Savage guide. The balance of his party arrived next day at Fort Richelieu and went in search of the good Father.
March 17: Kebec, birth (III)-Elizabeth Boucher, died September 24, 1685, Quebec, daughter (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1626 and Florence Gareman, b-1629: married October 21, 1659, Quebec, Denis Guyon
April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Peltier, died December 17, 1717, Quebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. November 5, 1663, Quebec, Vincent Verdon; 2nd marriage Thomas Lefebvre.
May 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Noel Cote, Metis, son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married Helene Graton
April 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jacques Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin, Metis b-1630; married November 16, 1671 Trois Rivieres, Jeanne Caiet
May 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean LaFond son (I)-Etienne LaFond, (1615-1665) and (II)-Marie Boucher, d-1706: 1st marriage Catherine Senecal: 2nd marriage August 28, 1697, Batiscan, Catherine Ananontha.
June 11: Beauport, was made the separation of two sharecropper farmers of the Jesuit lands at Beauport but (I)-Thomas Hayot stayed by agreement.
June 18: Kebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Martin dit Montpellier, d-1659 to (III)-Denise Sevestre, b-1628, died December 14, 1700 Quebec, daughter (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec: (III)-Denise 2nd marriage August 4, 1659, Quebec, Phillippe Hepveu.
July: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptist Trotter, died May 24, 1703, Batiscan, son (I)-Jules Gilles Trotter, b-1691, died May 10, 1655, Trois Rivieres and Catherine Loiseau, b-1596, died January 25, 1656, Trois Rivieres.
July 8: Charite (1641-1646), a Savage, is buried at the French cemetery, where her father is buried, implying she is a Metis.
July 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Racine Metis, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married November 22, 1661, Chateau Richer, Noel Symar.
September/October: Four ships arrived Kebec, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage captain Pierre Legardeur de Repentigny, the Saint Sauveur or Neuf at 150 tonnage captain Paul Godefroy, the Petit Saint Christrophe at 50 tonnage captain I. Richard and the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage for Montreal captain Charles Legardear de Tilly.
September: Kebec (I)-Pierre Deschamps, b-1615, died October 2, 1695 Baliscan arrived Kebec.
September 24: Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646) and (I)-Jean De La Lande d-1646, a Jesuit woodsman, set out on another peace mission. They are abandoned by their Huron guard at Fort Richelieu. Not taking the hint, they press on and are taken prisoner by the Iroquois.
September 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married 1st. April 30, 1652 Mathieu D’Amours? married Francois Guyon..
September 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Trottier, died May 25, 1703, Batiscan son (I)-Jules Trotier (1590-1655) and Catherine Loyseau, d-1663.
October 3: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Paul Godfroy to (II)-Marie Madeleine Le Gardeur daughter (I)-Pierre Le Gardeur De Repentigny, lieut. goverueur, d-1675 and Marie Favery, died September 20, 1675 Kebec
October 18: Quebec, birth, (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec:
October 18: Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646) is put to death, and on October 19, (I)- Jean De La Lande d-1646, a Jesuit woodsman, is put to death by the Mohawk, claiming the Jesuit sorcery tainted their corn crops and the spread of smallpox. The Wendat prisoners in the camp confirm their sorcery. The Iroquois believed that the French intended to destroy the Iroquois as well as the Wendat. It is noteworthy that the Roman Church considered sorcery justifiable grounds for execution during this period.
October 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Goulet, died December 14, 1646, Kebec, daughter (I)-Jacques Goulet (1615-1688) (who worked at the mill of Mr. Deschatelets) and Marguerite Maillier b-1631
November 4: Kebec, birth Marguerite Brossier died November 18, 1646 Kebec daughter Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse
November 6: (I)-Jean Mechin drown on his way to Trois Rivieres and is likely the father of Jeanne Mechin b-1630 who married 1645 Trois Riviers (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne b-1607 who arrived Trois Riviers 1633-1634?
November 6: Trois Rivieres, boat hit a tree and sunk. Ten men died:
(I)-Jean Basque – (I)-Jean Fleury – (I)-Jean Fougereau – (I)-Jean Mechin – (I)-Jacques Arenaine de Tours – (I)-Guillaume La Sue – (I)-Jacques Cleque – (I)-Lafontaine – (I)-Goualt – (I)-Gaspard.
November 6: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Francois Gaspard Gouault arrived Kebec for Trois Rivieres.
November 12: Kebec, marriage (I)-Nicolas Macard dit Champagne, d-1659 to (II)-Marguerite Couillard, died April 20, 1705 Quebec, veuve Jean Nicolet
November 13: Two Frenchmen from Ville-Marie (Montreal) are carried away by the barbarian Iroquois.
November 18: Kabec, birth Marguerite Brossier, died November 18, 1646, Kebec, daughter Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.
November 20: Kebec, birth (III)-Charles Sevestre, died April 9, 1661, drowned, Montreal, son (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec.
November 25: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Jean Veron de Grandmenil du Bourg de Livaro, en Normandie to (II)-Marguerite Hayet dit Radisson, b-1632 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Radisson de St. Malo and Madeleine Heraut: Marguerite epouse August 24, 1653, Quebec, (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/21-1696) and (II)-Helene Martin. (II)-Marguerite Radisson was living with (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot (1608-1681) prior to this date. She is said to have two half sisters (II)-Francoise Radisson, b-1636, Elizabeth Radisson, b-1638 and one half brother, (II)-Pierre Radisson, b-1636, living in New France at this time.
1647
Fifteen marriages, nineteen births and eleven deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
LISTED AMONG THE FILLE DU ROI IN 1667 ?
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1643), married Pierre Pouillard, October 12, 1667
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1647), married Michel Verret, Michel, dit Laverdure, October 13, 1669 Michel Verret,
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1656), married 1672, Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre, 1672;
Possibility Marie Deschamps is a savague?
Port Royal, birth (II)-Martin Blanchard b-1647 Metis son (I)-Jean Blanchard b-1611and (II)-Radegonde Joy Lambert b-1621/1629 (Metis). d-1686, daughter (I)-Jean Antoine Lambert and Marie Radegonde Kagijonais a MicMac; married 1671 Marie Francoise Leblanc b-1653
Kebec birth (II)-Ignace Bonhomme, died April 22, 1711 Quebec son (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); married 1st January 12, 1671 Quebec Agnas Morin; 2nd marriage 1690 Anne Poirier
(I)-Mathieu Choret, died March 28, 1664, Quebec, married Sebastienne Veillon, b-1626, spouse August 25, 1664, Quebec, Pierre Aufroy
Nicolas Garnier, d-1646, Kebec is at Trois Rivieres this year.
Kebec, birth (II)-Francois Peltier son (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. about 1660 Quebec Dorothee La Sauvagesse, died April 13, 1661, Quebec; 2nd marriage September 26, 1661 Marguerite Mousseau
Kebec, marriage Julien Perrault to (II)-Marie Pelletier, daughter (I)-Guillaume Pelletier, b-1598 died November 28, 1657, Kebec and Michelle Morille (Mabile) (1592-1665)
(I)-Louis Prud’Homme, a bigamous, married 1647, Quebec to Anne Archambault, annulled 1651 as had wife in France. Not listed Tanguay.
La Prairie a seigniorial near Montreal was conceded to the Jesuits.
Father Ragueneau, a Jesuit, believes they have been too severe towards the Wendat: One must be very careful before condemning a thousand things among their customs, which greatly offend minds brought up and nourished in another world. It is easy to call irreligion what is merely stupidity and to take for diabolical working something that is nothing more than human, and then one thinks he is obliged to forbid as impious certain things that are done in all innocence or, at most, are silly but not criminal customs. This was certainly not the attitude of the other Jesuits. It is noteworthy that the Wendat found little in the Christian way of life that appealed to them over their own religion. The Jesuits attacked their most fundamental belief of freedom. They attempted to undermine the centuries old religious beliefs of the Indians, thereby destroying their culture. The French hold their religious beliefs and cultural beliefs as two separate things; the Wendat held them as one.
Only six Huron (Wendat) arrived Ville-Marie (Montreal) to trade due to fear of the Iroquois who are roaming the country.
A Frenchman, named Chastillon, urgently desires to marry an Indian girl educated by the Ursulines but she rejects him as she prefers a husband of her own people, following the wishes of her parents.
(I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) died and not a friend could be found to speak well of him. The words used to describe him were rapacity, cruelty and tyranny. (II)-Charles La Tour ventured to France and cleared his name and became absolute monarch of Acadia. Upon his return he married the widow of (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) to secure his position.
The assassination of Piescaret an Algonquin chief, marked the decline of the Algonquin and Huron territory. The Iroquois reigned supreme in the greater part of known Canada until 1665.
January 7: Kebec birth Nicolas Hebert Aubert died May 14, 1657 Quebec
January 12: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jacques Lefebvre, Metis, died February 19, 1720, La Baie du Febvre son (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married November 11, 1670 Trois Rivieres
January 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Sedilot son (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married November 27, 1669, Quebec, Marie De La Hogue.
February 2: Kabec, birth (II)-Jean Francois Bourdon, Metis, son (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
February 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Drouin, daughter (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) to (II)-Anne Cloutier, died February 3, 1648, Kebec: married November 10, 1659, Quebec, Pierre Maheu
February 7: Kebec, birth Antoine Brossier died February 26, 1649 Kebec son Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse
February 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Gravelle, died September 29, 1677, Chateau Richer, son (I)-Masse Joseph Gravelle (1616-1686) and Marguerite Tavernier (1627-1697): married Madeleine Cloutier.
February 17: Kebec, birth (II)-Charlotte De Chavigny daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married November 6, 1668, Quebec, Renee Breton: 2nd marriage September 2, 1709. Quebec, Jean Girou
March: Beer is brewed for the first time at Sillery, Kabec.
March 4: Kebec, marriage, (I)-Julien Petau to Marie Peltier.
March 11: The Saint Lawrence River ice begins to melt at the end of a ‘winterless winter’.
March 27: By Royal decree, the Council of Quebec was created, comprised of the Governor of New France, Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal) and the Jesuit Superior.
May 2: Kebec, marriage (I)-Gilles Bacon d-1654 Kebec to Marie Tavernier b-1632
May 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Guillaume Boucher son (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married November 21, 1672 Chateau Richer Marguerite Thibaut.
May 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Couillard, Metis, died May 8, 1715, St. Etienne de Beaumont, son (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); 1st married January 10, 1668 Kebec, Marie Pasquier (1640-1685): 2nd marriage Louise Couture,
June 25: The first horse arrived in Quebec from France and the Natives called it the French moose. The horse imported as a gift to Governor de Montmagny by the Compangnie des Habitants, later disappeared.
June 25: five ships arrived Kebec, one ship with captain Pierre Legardeur de Repentigny, the ship Ange Gabriel, the Saint Francois or Bon at 90 tonnage, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage and the Marguerite at 70 tonnage, other ships arrived in August.
June 25: The first horse is brought into Quebec.
June 25: Fort Richelieu is abandoned.
June 25: The priest of the Ursulines attempts to set his own price on some beaver skins; but these are confiscated, some 200 lbs., and taken from his room.
July 3: Kebec, birth (III)-Noel Juchereau son (II)-Jean Juchereau De La Ferte d-1685 and (II)-Marie Francoise Gillard d-1665.
July 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Joseph Le Petit son (I)-Pierre Le Petit and Catherine Desnoyers
July 16: Father (I)-Jean de Quen (1603-1659) discovered Lac Saint Jean and the route leading into the interior of Saguenay.
July 27: Kebec, marriage (I)-Michel Chauvin, b-1617 married (I)-Anne Archambault (1631-1699) They had two children before it was discovered that (I)-Michel Chauvin was already married. As a result on October 8, 1650 the marriage was annulled and he was banished from Montreal. Epouse February 3, 1653 Montreal, (I)-Jean Gervais
(II)-Paul Archambault Chauvin born March 27, 1650, died April 09, 17650 Montreal
(II)-Marie Charlotte Chauvin born April 05, 1651 Montreal and died October 31, 1718 Pointe Aux Trembles..
August: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married November 23, 1683 Boucherville, Madeleine Louiseau
August 2: Kebec, death (I)-Jean St. Leger, drowned
August 17: Quebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Pelletier to Francoise Morin, epouse January 28, 1648, Kebec Etienne Dumay.
August 23: Kebec, birth (III)-Marie Madeleine Guyon DuBuisson, daughter (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson, d-1694 and (II)-Elizabeth Couillard, d-1704: married November 24, 1661, Kebec, Adrien Hayot
September 3: Kabec, marriage (I)-Medard Chouart, Sieur des Groseilliers (1618/21-1696) married (II)- Helene Martin, Metis born June 21, 1627, Kebec, d-1651, daughter (I)- Abraham Martin (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611; 2nd marriage 1653 (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, d-1651, daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Hayot dit Radisson and Madeleine Heraut. 1st marriage Helene October 22, 1640, Kebec, (I)-Claude Etienne, b-1610,
September 3: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marin De Repentigny, Sieur de Francheville, b-1619 to (I)-Jeanne Jallaut (1624-1708), epouse, September 9, 1654, Trois Rivieres, Maurice Poulain.
September 11: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Macard, died February 14, 1667 Quebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Macard dit Champagne, d-1659 and (II)-Marguerite Couillard, died April 20, 1705 Quebec, veuve Jean Nicolet; married January 18, 1663 Quebec Charles Le Gardeur.
September 19: Kebec, marriage (I)-Charles Guillebout (1617-1658) to Francoise Bigot b-1632, epouse May 8, 1658. Quebec, Denis Briere.
September 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Mathurin Gagnon (1606-1690) to Francoise Boudeau, also Godeau (1634-1696)
October 3: Kebec, death (I)-Antoine Pelletier he drowned when his canoe capsized at Montmorency Falls. His property reverted to his brother (I)-Guillaume Pelletier (1598-1657)
October 4: Kebec, death (I)-Gabriel Tru, killed during a meeting with the Iroquois.
October 8: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Aubuchon dit LeLoyal a master carpenter to Mathurine Poisson, d-1681, he was involved in forty four legal cases in Trois Rivieres.
October 9: Kabec, birth/death Anonyme Brossier child Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.
October 14: Kebec, marriage (I)-Emery Caltaut (Cailleteau), b-1606, died June 2, 1653 Trois Rivieres to Marie Madeleine Couteau (Cousteau),b-1606, died September 10, 1691, Batiscan
November 3: Montreal, marriage (I)-Mathurin Meunier (Le Mounier. b-1619 to Francoise Fafart, (1624-1702)
November 13: Marriage (I)-Etienne Seigneuret, sieur de L’Isle, b-1620, died June 10, 1677, Trois Rivieres married (II)-Madeleine Benassis, died December 3, 1716 Trois Rivieres. Daughter (II)-Marguerite was born November 16, 1653, Trois Rivieres.
November 15: likely Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Urbain Daudry dit Lamarche (1621-1682) to (II)-Madeleine Boucher (1634-1691)
November 18: Montreal, marriage (I)-Jean Desroches (1621-1684) to (II)-Francoise Gode b-1635 daughter (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657) and Francoise Gaddis (1586-1689) Soeur de Pierre I.
December 3: (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseillier (1618-1696?) married Helene Martin, in Fort Quebec and settled down in Trois Rivieres; being the first wedding in several years (this is not true). Helene is the daughter of a river pilot, Abraham Martin, whose land would become known as the Plains of Abraham. Medard’s second marriage after the death of his first wife, is to (II)-Marguerite Hayet dit Radisson,a half sister of (II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis, (1632-1710). Pierre Radisson, at age 15, while out on a duck shoot, is captured by the Mohawks and taken to Lake Champlain. He is adopted by the tribe and became an Indian. He and a Algonquin escaped but were soon captured. The Algonquian is killed and (II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis (1632-1710) is tortured but rescued by his adoptive family. He later escaped to the Dutch Fort Orange near Albany, New York, worked as an interpreter for the Dutch, and then made his way back to Trois Rivieres- all before turning 21 years old. (see Radisson 1631)
December 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Guillaume Brossard son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: married February 15, 1672, Quebec Catherine Louvet.
December 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Nicolas Goulet, son (I)-Jacques Goulet (1615-1688) (who worked at the mill of Mr. Deschatelets) and Marguerite Maillier b-1631: married November 24, 1672 Chateau Richer, Xainte Cloutier
December 18: Kebec, death (I)-Leonard Pichon de Limoges
December 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis , died February 5, 1648, Kebec, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620
December 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665); 1st marriage unknown: married 2nd June 11, 1670 Ste Famille, Michel Aubin
1648
Twelve marriages, thirty one births and twenty four deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. Some claim the first white child born in Ville-Marie (Montreal) was Barbe Meusnier. There were 191 births to date in New France, and this might imply the majority are Metis.
(I)-Boisvert a soldat is at Kebec.
(II)-Pierre Boucher, sieur De Gros Bois, seigneur de Boucherville, Governor Des Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicolas Lemaine; married about 1648 likely Trois Riveries 1st. married Marie Madeleine Chretienne sauvagesse; 2nd married July 9, 1652, Quebec, (II)-Jeanne Crevier.
(I)-Jacques Brisset b-1626, died December 1, 1701, Champlain, married likely 1647-48, Trois Rivieres, (I)- Jeanne Feteis (Fetive or Frontier) b-1626, died November 30, 1698 Champlain.
(II)-Jacques Brisset b-1648 son (I)-Jacques Brisset b-1626, died December 1, 1701 Champlain married likely 1647-48 Jeanne Feteis (Fetive or Frontier) b-1626, died November 30, 1698 Champlain: married Marguerite Dandonneau..
Kebec, birth (II)-Francoi De Chavigny son (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married June 19, 1675, Quebec, Antoinette De L’Hopital: 2nd marriage April 20, 1699, Beauport, Genevieve Guyon.
(I)-Guillaume Isabel, d-1652 married this year Kabec Catherine Dodier, b-1628, epouse Pierre Le Pelle.
(I)-Chirurien Lacroix is at Montreal.
(I)-Nicolas La Morandiere (de) dit Le Depensier is in Kebec this year.
Birth likely Kebec? (III)-Ignace Le Gardeur, son (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1675 and Marie Favery, d-1675.
(III)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 son (II)-Pierre Martin born La Rochelle and Madeleine Panis (Indian slave) de la Rochelle (see 1642); 1st married November 28, 1663 Montreal, Catherine Duval; 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville, Marie Batanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier, epouse February 25, 1686 Boucherville, Francois Cesar
Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Peltier, Metis died November 2, 1692, Sorel, son (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married August 21, 1662, Quebec, Marie Manevely
Oliver Le Tardif married Kebec, (II)-Barbe Aymard, daughter (I)-Jean Aymard and Marie Bineau
In Massachusetts the act of 1648 made Indian wampampeag legal tender. I was also noted that the Iroquois didn’t have wampampeag so it was inferred they didn’t reach the Atlantic coast. However the sea shell to make wampampeag was very rare.
The mission of St. Peter on Manitoulin Island is established for the Ojibwa. (I)-Louis de Coulonge d’Ailleboust (1612-1660) is appointed Governor (1648-51) of New France. In Huron Country there are 19 Jesuit and 42 Frenchmen. The Iroquois Nation launched a full-scale attack against the Wendat Nation; some 35,000 people. The first series of encounters at Saint Joseph (Teanaostaise) resulted in 700 Wendat dead. The Iroquois then turned toward the French Colony. The citizens of Quebec, this season, are allowed to engage independently in trade, as the Iroquois had effectively severed normal Company trade. Father Superior, Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673), complained that drunkenness at Tadoussac was becoming as bad as in Germany. It is noteworthy that most Jesuits had wine on their own tables.
Jesuit Missions in Huronia included St. Michel (Scanonaenrat), St Joseph II (Teanaustaye), St. Ignace I (Taenhatentaron), Ste Marie II, St. Joseph I (Ihonatiria), La Conception (Ossossane), St. Louis, and St. Ignace III. Huronia was divided into four clans: the Bear People (Attignaouantan), the Deer People (Tahontaenrat), the Cord People (Atinqueenonniahak) and the Rock People (Arendahronon).
(I)-Louis d’Ailleboust, seigneur de Coulonge (1612-1660), returned to New France as Governor, from August 20, 1648 to October 4, 1651, to replace Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653) of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal). The Jesuits were not pleased with his removal.
The Jesuit were fully aware that the faith is usually followed by afflictions in the country of this new world. The history of plagues in Europe, taught the Jesuit that they were the carriers of disease. The disease seized upon them, and followed them into the vary depths of their great woods, where it destroyed a great number of them. The Savages believed these French are bringing disease to the People.
The Savages believed those who venture to the Black Robes are going to seek disease. The Jesuits say such talk is the Devil inspired. The Jesuit however know that disease is spread from person to person. The Savage say they are going because the Jesuit are their only means of commerce and trade.
The Savages said when we obey the Great Manitou (God), my traps for bears, beavers and other animals never fail. When we abandon our God, the Savages died of hunger and disease, because they amused themselves with certain words or certain prayers that were taught to them. He had a vision and the souls of the baptized and of the un-baptized go, and that neither heaven nor the pit, but a place towards the setting sun, where they meet together.
The Jesuit say the disease and famine is nothing compared to the fires of hell.
The Governor of New France issued a decree (ordinance) that foreign liquors should not be sold under any circumstances. French traders had been secretly selling foreign liquor to the Savages. A second decree commanded was that, without exception , unbelievers and apostates should withdraw from the abodes of Christians. These proclamations are read to the Algonquin, Wendat and Montagnais. This proclamation divided families, reducing their ancestral customs and traditions and made the people more vulnerable to the Iroquois advances. The Algonquion prophecy that the French are intent on destroy the Wendat is again remembered. A Wendat is warned in a dream to throw down the Frenchmen’s bell before it is too late.
The Jesuit speak of the fresh water sea to the west and two other lakes which are still larger further to the west. Lakes Erie, Ontario and Niagara Falls is well known.
The Jesuits had established a policy of only selling guns to baptized Savages and, even with this incentive, only 15% of the Huron are baptized. The Huron only had 120 guns, whereas the Iroquois guns numbered 500. The Jesuits forbade converts to participate in public traditional feasts and celebrations. They were instructed to abandon all their traditional religious practices which were the very foundation of their culture. Christian warriors refused to fight alongside traditionalists. The Huron’s ability to defend themselves was being eroded. Christian warriors were driven from their wives and mother’s longhouses resulting in a rapid increase in divorces.
The Iroquois see that the Huron are gravely weakened by the Black Robes. The Black Robes have brought disease and demoralization to the Huron Nation. They make plans to attack this once powerful brother of theirs.
A vessel arrived Kebec with a number of sick which seldom happens.
The first fort and Chateau St. Louis was built by Governor Charles Huault de Montmagny in 1648.
January 12/25: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Marie Cote, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684:
January 13: Montreal, marriage (I)-Louis Loisel (1617-1691) to Marguerite Charlot, b-1631
January 21: Kebec, marriage (II)-Jean Cloutier, b-1621, died October 16, 1690, Chateau Richer, son (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680): married Kebec, (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, born April 10, 1635, Kebec, died April 25, 1699, Kebec
January 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Dumay, carpeter b-1626 to Francoise Morin d-1666, veuve (I)-d’Antoine Pelletier d-1647
February 2: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Chouart, Metis, child of (I)-Medard Chouart, Sieur des Groseilliers, (1618/21-1696) and (II)-Helene Martin, Metis, (1627-1651), veuve October 22, 1640, Kebec, Claude Etienne, b-1610;
February 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Gagnon, son (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620. married October 26, 1670 Chateau Richer, Marguerite Drouin
February 15: Kebec birth (II)-Marie Bonhomme, daughter (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); married Jult 21, 1661 Quebec Jean Nau
February 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Francois Belanger, died February 6, 1682 Cap St. Ignace, son (I)-Francis Belanger b-1612 and (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696): married November 17, 1671, Chateau Richer, Marie Cloutier
March 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Amador Martin, Metis, died June 19, 1711 Quebec second priest New France born, son of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?;
March 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Aubuchon, died September, 1655 Trois Riviers, son (I)-Jacques Aubuchon, d-1681 and Mathurine Poisson d-1681.
April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Jolliet daughter (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) and Marie D’Abancour dite La Caille: married April 6, 1660, Quebec, Francois Fortin.
April 28: Jacques Douart (1626-1648) is killed, by a blow of a hatchet, at St. Marie, by the Huron. Six Captains had ordered the killing because the Christians are trying to ruin the Country, by reproving their faith. At Fort St. Marie are 18 Jesuit Fathers, four coadjutors (assistants), twenty-three donnes (merchant traders), seven servants, four boys and eight soldiers.
May 18: Two canoe of Hiroquois landed on the Island in sight of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal). Soldiers were sent to reconnoiter. The Hiroquois said they had war only with the Algonquians not the French.
May 23: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Francois Marguerie, from Normandy arrived Kebec 1617 as an interpreter to the Algonkins, lived with the Algonkins during the English occupation drowned crossing the Saint Lawrence River, near Trois Rivieres with his friend Jean Amiot. Some reported that two Frenchmen, Francois Marguerie and Jean Amiot (Amyot) drown in the Saint Lawrence River, in plain view of the habitants.
May 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Delaunay son (I)-Pierre Delaunay (1616-1654) and (II)-Francoise Pinguet
June 1: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Vernon daughter (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632 See Radisson 1631.
June 6: Kebec, death Nicolas Garnier who was at La Pointe Levis same day.
June 22: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Grimard, died March 22, 1700 Batiscan, son (I)-Elie Grimard, b-1586 and Anne Perrin, (1619-1685): married 1662 Christine Reynier
July 3: Kebec, birth (II)-Medard Blanot son (I)-Michel Blanot dit Lafontaine and Elizabeth Derlugny
July 4: Father (I)-Antoine Daniel (1601-1648) a Jesuit, is killed by the Iroquois at Teanaostae near Hillsdale, Simco County, Ontario. Both the Huron and Iroquois had vowed to kill the Jesuit so it should not be ruled out that all Jesuit deaths can be attributed to the Iroquois.
July 4: Trois Rivieres, De la Chausse is killed by the Iroquois.
July 5: Sillery, birth (III)-Genevieve Gareman daughter (I)-Rene Mezeray aka Mezler, (1611-1695) and (II)-Nicole Garman; 1st married January 24, 1661 Quebec Etienne Letellier, 2nd married 1676 Francois Dusault
July 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Jacques Leblanc, died November 29, 1660, Quebec, son (I)-Jean Leblanc, b-1620 to Euphrasie Madeleine Nicolet, b-1636:
July 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Gagnon, died September 27, 1648 Kebec, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695).
August: Kabec, four ships arrived, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage captain Jean Pointel, the Neuf or Saint Sauveur at 150 tonnage, the Saint Georges, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage.
August 20, Kebec, (I)-Louis D’Aillebout, governor of New France, arrived Kebec, died June 7, 1660, Montreal, married Barbe De Boulogne, b-1618, died June 7, 1685, Kebec, daughter (I)-Florentin De Boulogne and Gertridude Phillippe, one child is noted (II)-Barbe D’Aillebout who married Jean De Lauzon.
September 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Barbe Godfroy daughter (I)-Jean Paul Godfroy and (II)-Marie Madeleine Le Gardeur daughter (I)-Pierre Le Gardeur
September 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Gertrude Couillard, Metis, died November 18, 1664, Kebec, daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); married February 6, 1664 Beaufort, Charles Aubert.
September 24: Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Banse to Marguerite Bigor.
September 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Paul Chalifou, b-1618 to Jacquette Archambault, b-1632, died December 17, 1700 Quebec.
September 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) to (II)-Marie Archambault, (Metis?) baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married December 5, 1675, Quebec, Marie Cadieu Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646. Some say Marie Archambault was baptised February 24, 1636
September 29: Sillery, birth (III)-Pierre Boucher son (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1626 and Florence Gareman, b-1629: married 1672 Helene Gaudry.
October 1: Kebec, marriage (II)-Charles Le Gardeur de Tilly, b-1611, died November 10, 1695 Quebec son (I)-Rene Le Gardeur and Catherine De Corde, d-1657: married October 1, 1648, Kebec (II)-Genevieve Juchereau. Charles was Governor Trois Rivieres (1648-1650)
October 1: Kebec, marriage (II)-Charles Le Gardeur de Tilly, d-November 10, 1695, Kebec son (I)-Rene Le Gardeur sieur de Tilly. de Thury, en Normandie and Catherine De Corde, died July 7, 1757, Quebec: married (II)-Genevieve Juchereau, died November 5, 1687, Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Juchereau
October 2: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1601-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre
October 12: Montreal, marriage (I)-Leonard Lucault (Lukos dit Barbot) (1616-1651) to Barbe Poisson, b-1634, epouse November 19, 1651 Montreal Gabriel Celle Duclos.
October 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Nicolas Boissel, died December 25, 1660, Quebec son (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697)
October 17: Ste Anne, birth (II)-Martin Poulain, died January 16, 1710, Quebec, son (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) and Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687): married January 21, 1688 Ste Anne, Jeanne Barette
October 19: Kebec, marriage (I)-Guill Gauthier de la Chenaye, d-1657 and Ester De Lambourg, b-1630
October 25: Kebec, marriage (I)-Francois Bissot, Sieur de la Riviere, (1613-1678) to (III)-Marie Couillard, epouse September 1675, Quebec, Jacques de la Lande
October 25: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie LaFond daughter (I)-Etienne LaFond, (1615-1665) and (II)-Marie Boucher, d-1706:
November 10: Kebec, marriage (II)-Louise Cloutier, b-1621, died June 22, 1699, Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680): 1st married October 26, 1645 Chateau Richer, Francois Marguerie: 2nd marriage November 10, 1648, Kebec, Jean Migot: 3rd marriage February 3, 1684, Chateau Richer, Jean Mataut
November 10: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Mignot dit Chatillon to (II)-Louise Cloutier veuve Francois Marguerie, elle epouse February 3, 1684 Jean Pierre Mataut of Chateau Richer. It would appear he might have had a daughter by a sauvagesse in February 1647. He arrived 1643 and was living with the Ursulins in the savage quarters until this year learning French. See below differing info.
November 10: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Mignot dit Chatillon b-1628 married (II)-Louise Cloutier b-1631 daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680). Louise epouse October 26, 1645 Kebec Francoise Marguerie
November 15: Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Griveran, b-1620 and Suzanne Bugeaux
November 24: Montreal, birth (II)-Barbe Meuier, died December 3, 1648, Montreal, daughter (I)-Mathurin Meunier (Le Mounier. b-1619 & Francoise Fafart, (1624-1702)
December 4 Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Dodier son (I)-Sebastin Dodier and Marie Bonhomme: a son named (II)-Sebastien is also listed but no date of birth.
December 4: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Catherine Lefebvre, Metis, died November 30, 1705 Batiscan daughter (I)-Pierre Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, b-1621, died February 11, 1697 Trois Rivieres: she married Antoine Trotier: Two other children were born but no birth date listed, Marie a Metis, likely b-1646, who married Andre Martel and Jacques a Metis born Trois Rivieres (likely 1647) birth date was January 12, 1647, Trois Rivieres, who married November 11, 1670, Trois Rivieres, Marie Baudry.
December 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Agnes Duquet, died April 4, 1702, Quebec, Ursuline, daughter (I)-Denis Duquet (1605-1675) and Catherine Gautier, b-1627:
December 20: Quebec, birth, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: married December 5, 1675, Quebec, Marie Cadieu
1649
Ten marriages, forty three births and twenty one deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. New France has nearly 1,000 inhabitants.
(I)-Martin Chauvin dit La Fortune, b-1619 married 1649 Gilette Ban, b-1629, epouse 1653 Jacques Bertant.
(I)-Nicolas Colson, b-1626, usher of Council, Kebec in 1649
(I)-Claude David, (1621-1687) married likely Trois Rivieres Suzanne De Noyon, b-1633
(I)-Mathurin Guillet was at Trois Rivieres this year where he settled.
(II)-Pierre Lamoureux de St. Germain b-1649 son Jean Lamoureux; married Marguerite Pigarouiche sauvagesse b-1647.
February 15: Kebec, (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais (1589-1664) is imprisoned on a scandalous charge concerning a girl 15-16 years old who was executed this year for theft. It is said this old pig Abraham had debauched the girl. This could be the reason the birth and marriage records are not retained, the Jesuits likely cleared the files?
Fishing is almost a total failure in Kebec except for the sturgeon.
Famine is prevalent this year, more than has been since the French entered Quebec. The Iroquois attacked Saint Ignace (Taenhatentarow) killing 400 Huron. Fifteen Huron villages have been abandoned.
Jerome Le Rouer (Royer) de la Dauversiere, a co-founder of the mission of the Mountain of Montreal, is almost bankrupt and his goods are going to be seized.
Father (I)-Charles Garnier (1606-1649) believed the ruin of the Huron was clearly part of God’s grand design and that now they would have to work among the more distant nations. It was clear the Jesuit saw no fault among themselves.
Father (I)-Noel Chabanel (1613-1649) of Toulouse died, having been unable to learn the language thereby making him most ineffectual. He also had a great aversion to the customs of these Barbarians.
Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, is stationed to Tadoussac, Quebec.
Only a few thousand Wendat remain out of a 30,000 people nation.
An ancestor of the Garneau Clan, (II)-Catherine Annennontak (Huronne), is born 1649, daughter (I)-Nicholas Arendanki of Arenda, Sainte Marie Madeleine, La Conception and Jeanne Otrihoandit.
Louis Gaudet Dufont, a Royal Commissioner, concluded that New France is governed by men without education or experience and that nearly all were incapable of resolving problems of any consequence.
The Huron culture was in disarray. 50% were converted to Christianity by the Jesuits. Many non-catholic Huron, being rejected by their wives longhouses, joined the Iroquois and played a leading role in taking vengeance against the Jesuits and their Christian Huron allies. Some 700 Huron died this year or are captured by the Iroquois/Huron army. Many more Huron would join the Iroquois against the French. The Jesuits Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and (I)-Gabrial Lalemant (1610-1649) were executed for their crimes against the People. Bruce Trigger notes: “The situation would have been far worse for the French if the Huron traditionalists had been able to conclude an alliance with the Iroquois”.
Kebec, a fleet of 6 ships arrived led by admiral Jean Paul Godefroy, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage, the Neuf or Saint Sauveur at 150 tonnage captain Jammes, the Bon-Francois at 90 tonnage, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage, the Anglois and an unnamed ship captain Jean Poulet.
January 1: Three soldiers in prison died of suffocation by the fumes of charcoal.
January 4: Kebec, death (I)-Louis Robichau, b-1609.
January 11: Montreal, marriage (II)-Francois Gode son (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657) and Francoise Gaddis (1586-1689) Soeur de Pierre I; married (I)-Francoise Bugon, b-1626, St Pierre de Clermont, epouse September 26, 1667 Montreal Francois Bots.
January 11: Montreal, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Desroches child (I)-Jean Desroches (1621-1684) and Francoise Gode b-1636
January 19: A female of age 15 or 16 is hung at Quebek (Quebec) for theft and Monsieur (I)-Abraham Martin, dit I’ecossois (1589-1664) a Scotsman is accused of violating (raping) her. Some suggest a sixteen year-old girl in Quebec, sentenced to death for theft, escaped death by acting as her own executioner. Still others suggest the executioner is a pardoned criminal and the girl is hung.
January 15/28: Kebec, Birth/death (II)-Paule Hebert daughter (I)-Augustin Hebert and Adriane Du Vivier, b-1626, epouse Robert Cavelier.
January 29: Kebec, birth (III)-Joseph Guyon son (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson: married November 24, 1661, Kebec, Adrien Hayot: married Genevieve Cloutier
January 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Gaudin, died December 4, 1726 Pointe aux Trembles, daughter (I)-Barthelemi Gaudin (1608-1697) and Marthe Coignat (1606-1689): 1st married October 29, 1665 Quebec, Antoine Boutin: 2nd marriage 1677 Jean Beland
January 30: There are eighteen Jesuit priests in Wendat country. The Jesuits (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and (I)-Gabrial Lalemant (1610-1649) are killed at St. Louis. The Iroquois saw the Jesuits as their trading enemies, and one thousand Iroquois and Hurons attacked Taenhatentaron, killing or capturing three hundred and ninety Wendat. The Iroquois knew that the Jesuits longed for martyrdom and they said, mockingly: You see we are your friends because we will be the cause of your eternal happiness. The more you suffer the greater will be your reward from your God. The Huron Nation will be reduced from 25,000 or 30,000 people to about 1,000 this year as a result of their alliance with the French. In just 40 years a Great Nation is utterly destroyed. The Jesuits claim the destruction is the will of God. The Indians do not believe God is a vengeful God, they rightfully blame the Black Robes and carry this message to the Ojibwa of the West and beyond. It is noteworthy that the Jesuit especially Brebeuf are under sentence of death by the Huron Nation for evil activities.
January 31: Kebec, birth (II)-Eilzabeth De Chavigny daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: married October 10, 1667, Quebec, Etienne Landron
January 31: Kebec, death (I)-Philippe Gosselin who was married to Vincente Despres.
February 7: Kabec, birth Antoine Brossier, died February 26, 1649, Kebec, son Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.
March 16: About 1,000 Iroquois captured St. Ignace then went on to capture St. Louis.
March 17: Father (I)-Gabriel Lalemant (1610-1649) a Jesuit, is killed by the Iroquois at St. Ignace of the Hurons, halfway between Coldwater and Vasey, Simco County, Ontario. Father Jean de Brebuef (1593-1649) also is killed this date by the Iroquois. Both the Huron and Iroquois had vowed to kill the Jesuit so it should not be ruled out that all Jesuit deaths can be attributed to the Iroquois.
April: An old man, head servant at the warehouse, suspected of theft, proved to be lost, it is believed he went to drown himself.
April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Alexis Gravelle, died March 18, 1715, Quebec, son (I)-Masse Joseph Gravelle (1616-1686) and Marguerite Tavernier (1627-1697): married Marie Lesot.
April 8: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Plusson and Marie Regnault.
April 8: Chambly, marriage (I)-Pierre Boucher born August 1, 1622 Governor Trois Riviers to Marie Madeleine (Chretienne) Ouebaddinoukoue Huron savagesse; 2nd marriage July 9, 1652 Quebec (II)-Jeanne Crevier b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier and Jeanne Enard b-1619; only one child recorded of 1st marriage (II)-Jacques Boucher Metis b-1650. It is noteworthy that Pierre had the idea of creating a new people by the union of French men and Indian women.
April 12: Kebec, birth (II)-Jacques Goulet, son (I)-Jacques Goulet (1615-1688) (who worked at the mill of Mr. Deschatelets) and Marguerite Maillier b-1631
April 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Pepin Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married October 3, 1663, Trois Rivieres, Gilles La Rue
May 2: Sillery, birth (II)-Nicolas Peltier Metis son (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. June 22, 1673, Madeleine Tegoussi; 2nd marriage Francoise Lamy
May 24: Kebec, birth (II)-Francois Poisson, died December 13, 1708, Champlain son (I)-Jean Poisson married likely Kebec Jacqueline Chamboy b-1628, epouse Michel Pelletier de le Prade: married November 11, 1687 Trois Rivieres, Marguerite Baudry.
May 31: Montreal, birth (II)-Marie Dumay daughter (I)-Etienne Dumay, carpeter b-1626 to Francoise Morin d-1666
June: The Algonquian traded with the Petite Nation returning via Ville-Marie (Montreal) with their peltry for trade.
June 6: Thirty four Frenchmen departed for Huron Country.
June 9; Kenec, birth (II)-Marie Aubert (Auber) b-1649, died July 28, 1715, daughter (I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) and Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English; married December 2, 1663 Chateau Richer, Jean Premont.
July 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre De Repentigny, died August 7, 1713, Montreal, son (I)-Martin De Repentigny, b-1619 and Jeanne Jallaut, b-1624
July 18, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Amator Godfroy, died September 10, 1730, Trois Rivieres, (Filleul de Charles Amaior de le Tour, de l’Acndie) son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie LeNeuf b-1612-1688); 1st married November 12, 1675 Trois Rivieres, Marguerite Jutrat; 2nd marriage July 22, 1682 Francoise LePele
July 21: Montreal, birth (II)-Jeanne Loisel daughter (I)-Louis Loisel (1617-1691) and Marguerite Charlot, b-1631: married November 23, 1666 Montreal Jean Beauchamps
August: Charles Albanel, (1616-1696) a Jesuit arrived Kebec to serve the Lower Algonquians or Montagnais, at Tadoussac.
August 9: Kebec. birth (III)-Catherine Le Gardeur daughter (II)-Charles Le Gardeur de Tilly, d-1695 and (II)-Genevieve Juchereau, d-1687: married October 10, 1668, Sillery, Pierre De Saurel
August 22: Kebec, birth (II)-Francois Racine, Metis, died February 26, 1714, St. Anne, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married October 29, 1676, Ste Familie, Marie Bauche
August 23: Montreal, birth (II)-Marie Boudart, died September 1, 1649, Montreal daughter (I)-Jean Boudart, died May 6, 1651 Montreal, silenced by the Hurons and Catherine Mercier who was taken with her husband by the Iroquois 1651.
August 26: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Hertel, daughter (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) (who was captured by the Iroquois) and Marie Marguerie epouse Moral de St. Quentin: married November 26, 1663, Trois Rivieres, Jean Crevier
September 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Paul Gagnon, ordained December 21, 1677, Kebec, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695).
September 11: Kebec, birth (III)-Joseph Guyon DuBuisson, son (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson, d-1694 and (II)-Elizabeth Couillard, d-1704: married January 29, 1674 Chateau Richer Genevieve Cloutier
September 20: The French traders, soldiers and Indians descend to Trois Rivieres and Kebec with 5,000 livres’ weight of beaver skins. This year trade totaled 100,000 livres.
September 21: (I)-Martin Montagne a carpenter is at Trois Riveres
September 22: Kebec: marriage (I)-Nicolas Juchereau, Sieur de St. Denis, seigneur de Beauport to (II)-Marie Therese Giffard, died June 3, 1714, Beauport, daughter (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599:
September 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Mathieu Hubou dit Des Longschamps. (1628-1678) to Suzanne Botfaite (Bottfair)
September 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Antoine Brossard, died February 22, 1715, Quebec, son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: married August 26, 1672 Quebec, Jeanne Quelue.
October 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Chalifou, died October 12, 1663, Quebec daughter (I)-Paul Chalifou, b-1618 and Jacquette Archambault, b-1632: Married November 5, 1662, Quebec, Loachim Martin.
October 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Macard, died February 23, 1724 Quebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Macard dit Champagne, d-1659 and (II)-Marguerite Couillard, died April 20, 1705 Quebec, veuve Jean Nicolet; 1st married January 11, 1666, Quebec, Charles Bazire: 2nd marriage August 1, 1679, Quebec, Francois Provost: 3rd marriage November 5, 1703, Quebec, Charles D’Alogny.
October 11: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Gautier daughter (I)-Guill Gauthier de la Chenaye, d-1657 and Ester De Lambourg, b-1630
October 13: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Etienne Vernon, died May 18, 1721, Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632: married May 30, 1677 Trois Rivieres, Marie Moral. See Radisson 1631.
October 23: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Blanot child (I)-Michel Blanot dit Lafontaine and Elizabeth Derlugny
October 24: Kebec, birth (II)-Sebastien Griveran, son (I)-Guillaume Griveran, b-1620 and Suzanne Bugeaux
October 31: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Etienne Vernon, died May 18, 1721, Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632: married May 30, 1677, Trois Rivieries Marie Moral. See Radisson 1631.
November 7: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Mathurin Guillet son (I)-Pierre Guillet dit Lajeunesse, b-1626, carpenter and Jeanne De Launay de St. Per, b-1629: married Marie Charlotte Lemoyne
November 9: Kebec, marriage (II)-Jean Pelletier, b-1631, died February 25, 1698, Riviere Ouelle, son (I)-Guillaume Pelletier b-1598, died November 28, 1657, Kebec and Michelle Morille (Mabile (1592-1665); married (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis (1637-1704) daughter (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) sauvagesse, d-1665 (II)-Jean 2nd marriage January 8, 1689 Riviere Ouelle (II)-Marie Anne Huot born Jauuary 9, 1666 Riviere Ouelle
November 11: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Michellent to Perinne Baudry.
November 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Louis Fafard, died February 4, 1717 Batiscan, son (I)-Bertrand Fafard dit Laframboise, b-1620, died November 3, 1660, Trois Rivieres and Marie Sedilot, b-1627, epouse February 16, 1681, Trois Rivieres, Rene Benard: 1st married Marie Lucas: 2nd marriage July 19, 1703, Batiscan, Francoise Lapond
November 16: Kebec, marriage (I)-Oliver Le Tardif (1601-1665) 1st married November 3, 1637, Quebec, (II)-Louise Couillard, d-November 23, 1641: 2nd marriage November 16, 1641, Quebec, (II)-Barbe Aymart daughter (I)-Jean Aymard and Marie Bineau ou “bureau” Greffe d’audouard 1649
November 16: Pointe Levy, Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Couture (Cousture), (1617-1701) married (II)-Anne Esmard Aymard (1629-1700), daughter (I)-Jean Aymard and Marie Bineau
November 16: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) to (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637 daughter (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684.
November 29: Quebec, marriage (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) 1st married July 12, 1637 Kebec, (II)-Anne Cloutier: 2nd married Marie Chapelier
December 3: Montreal, birth (II)-Mathurine Meunier, died February 27, 1650, Montreal, & (II)-Charles Meunier, died February 27, 1650 Montreal sons of (I)-Mathurin Meunier (Le Mounier. b-1619 & Francoise Fafart, (1624-1702)
December 7: Father (I)-Charles Garnier (1605-1649) a Jesuit, is killed by the Iroquois at Petun Village of St. Jean (Etharita) near Osprey, Grey County, Ontario. Both the Huron and Iroquois had vowed to kill the Jesuit so it should not be ruled out that all Jesuit deaths can be attributed to the Iroquois.
December 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Francois Bissot, died November 26, 1663 Quebec son (I)-Francois Bissot, Sieur de la Riviere, (1613-1678) and (III)-Marie Couillard, epouse September 1675, Quebec, Jacques de la Lande
December 8: Father (I)-Noel Chabanel (1613-1649) a Jesuit, is killed by the Christian Huron at the mouth of the Nottawasaga River, Ontario.
December 11: Trois Riveres, birth (III)-Jacques Boucher, Metis son (II)-Pierre Boucher, sieur De Gros Bois, seigneur de Boucherville, Governor Des Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicolas Lemaine; married about 1648 likely Trois Riveries 1st. married Marie Madeleine Chretienne sauvagesse: 2nd marriage (II)-Jeanne Crevier?. ((II)-Jeanne Crevier, Metis b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier and Jeanne Enard b-1619, Metis) married July 9, 1652 (II)-Pierre Boucher Governor Des Trois Rivieres. He only had one recorded son (III)-Jacques Boucher, Metis b-1650
December 11: Montreal, birth (II)-Nicolas Desroches son (I)-Jean Desroches (1621-1684) and Francoise Gode b-1636
December 14: Kebec, birth (II)-Ursule Prevost, Metis, died April 1, 1661, Kebec, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, (1620-1665
Note:Several ManyRoads readers have questioned the accuracy of some of the Metis claims presented in this document by Mr. Garneau. Should you have evidence that you would like to present refuting the veracity and accuracy of any claims made by Mr. Garneau, which you would like us to present here, please contact us directly.
We are happy to present all relevant information here, in the interest of fairness, full disclosure and accuracy.
The following material is written by: R.D. (Dick) Garneau, who is solely responsible for its accuracy.
1650
Nine marriages, forty three births and ten deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. The census of New France reached 705 people.
Forty five Frenchmen married with Indian sauvagesses in Acadia before 1650.
(I)-Elie Barbeau dit Villeneuve is in Quebec.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Crevier Metis daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married 1663 Trois Rivieres Nicolas Gatineau, I suspect Marie birth is before 1650
(I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy (Godfroy (1608-1681) entered into a business venture with Tilly, Buissot, Lespine and others for seal fishing out of Tadouisac and fur trading with the savages.
Barbe Hebou, former wife of Jean Milouer (Du Maisne), made a bequeath to the Jesuits.
(I)-Robert (Le) Roy living Quebec this year.
(II)-Charles LaTour, (1595-1665) married the widow of (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650), his arch enemy who caused the death of his wife, widow Jeanne Motin (with whom he had five children who grew to marry: Marie, Jacques, Charles, Anne and Marguerite) and got all his property, though LeBorgne arrived from France, a creditor of D’Aulnay, to enforce his claims becoming Governor in 1667, but also later on, becoming his son-in-law, marrying his daughter Marie de LaTour.
If fewer than 10% of a ship’s company died crossing the Pacific Ocean, then the captain of the ship considered the voyage most successful.
Only 50 men held Fort Montreal. Between 1650 and 1653, 32 French settlers were killed by the Iroquois and 22 were captured. The Iroquois made such ravages in New France that many settlers believed they should go back to France.
The shrine of Sainte Anne de Beaupre is established on the banks of the St. Lawrence River by the French fishermen in gratitude for deliverance from Atlantic storms.
Menou d’Aulnay drowned.
Many of the letters sent back to France by the early parish priests deplore the slight regard most colonists had for the Church, its commandments and rituals.
Fort Chicoutimi (Chueretimi & Chigoutimy) is established at the confluence of the Sagueny and Chicoutini rivers.
Nicolas Denys (1598-1688), a La Rochelle Merchant, established a fishing establishment on Cape Breton Island that would eventually fail.
Nine Frenchmen are killed at Three Rivers by the Iroquois.
As many as sixty Europeans have been living among the Huron in the past sixteen years that a mission has been established, many of whom are of a very feeble constitution. No one has died of natural causes, bit withstanding the great inconveniences and sufferings.
The Iroquois attacked Saint Jean Baptiste (Cahiague) killing 500 families, the nation of the Huron (Wendat) was no more.
The wheat crop this year was excellent especially at Montreal. The Iroquois had driven most of the Savages from Montreal and only 50 French remained. Most French were surprised that Montreal had not fallen to the Iroquois continuous assaults. Three Rivers has also been continually assaulted and a number of times was in fear of falling.
About 47 families at Belle-Isle-en-mer were identified as being of mixed blood (Metis). It is believed the Malacites were decedents of mixed blood people of Saint-Malo fishermen and Indian women. They were located on the Saint John River, Acadia.
The French seized the Island of St. Crox from the Spanish but could only hold it for a few years.
(I)-Madeleine Maranda, veuve July 13, 1698, (I)-Nicolas Pinel de Larochelle, arrived Quebec 1650 and married February 10, 1659 Quebec (I)-Renaud Andre.
Acadia ( Nova Scotia) recipes called for English ‘Brawn’. Brawn was originally for the flesh of the pigs head that has been boiled, chopped and molded. In Acadia ( Nova Scotia) it meant a veal-shank and pork-hock stew made by boiling the meat off the bones in seasoned water. The stock from that water was called ‘Brawn’.
April 18: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Cote, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married July 25, 1667, Chateau Richer, Suzanne Page
April 23: Kebec birth (II)-Pierre Bonhomme, died January 3, 1670 Quebec son (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679)
May 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Charlotte Godfroy, religious Ursuline, died January 13, 1720 Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Paul Godfroy and (II)-Marie Madeleine Le Gardeur
June: Father Bressany, brothers Robert le Cog d-1650, two domestics Jean Boyer and Charles Amtot with 25 or 30 French traders and as many Savages departed Three Rivers in 22 or 23 canoes.
July 10: Kebec, an unnamed ship arrived from Rouen, France
July 14: Kebec, the Neuf or Saint Jean at 80 tonnage arrived with captain Jean Bourdet, the Chasseur at 120 tonnage captain Terrier.
July 25: Quebec, birth (II)-Jacques Plusson son (I)-Pierre Plusson and Marie Regnault.
August 7: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636
August 20: Robert le Coq. a Jesuit Donnes d-1650, is killed by the Iroquois at Three Rivers. Most Jesuit were condemned to death by the Huron so this could be a Huron killing.
August 28: St. Antoine de Chambly, birth/death (IV)-Jacques Gautier, Metis, son (III)-Jacques Gautier, Metis, b-1744 and Marie Joseph Quenneville.
September 1: Father Gabriel Druillettes (1610-1681) departed Quebec for Boston to establish an alliance with New England against the Iroquois, but he was unsuccessful.
September 1: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Plante, (1621-1706) to (II)-Francoise Boucher d-1711.
September 8: Qebec, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage arrived with captain Jammes
October 7: Quebec, birth/death (III)-Anonyme Cloutier, Metis, child (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699)
October 17: Quebec marriage (I)-Nicolas Goupil dit Laviolette and (II)-Marie Pelletier
November 22: Quebec, marriage (I)-Mathieu Aymot Villeneuve (1628-1688) and Marie Miville (1632-1702)
November 28: Quebec, birth (II)-Henry Bourdon, Metis, died October 27, 1665 Quebec, son (I)-Jean Bourdon d-1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
November 30: Montreal, marriage (I)-Louis Prud’homme (1608-1671) to Roberte Gadois, b-1626, epouse January 21, 1678, Montreal, Pierre Verrier.
December 21: Montreal, death (I)-Jean Michel Sylvestre.
December 30: The Ursuline convent at Kebec is destroyed by fire.
1651
Ten marriages, thirty four births and sixteen deaths is recorded in Kebec, New France.
New France had only 1,050 permanent residents.
(II)-Medard Chouart, Metis son (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) and (II)-Helene Martin, Metis (1627-1651)
Noel Godin near Three Rivers is killed by 10 Iroquois and La Jeunesse is wounded.
(I)-Jean de Lauzon (Lauson) (1582-1666), a soldier, is appointed Governor New France from October 4 or 14, 1651 to September 12, 1656. He had accumulated a vast estate in the St. Lawrence Valley using the Compahnie Des Cent-Associes since 1627. He then went on to enrich himself and his family using his position. He imposed a virtual monopoly on the fur trade to enhance his families wealth. This is the man who seized the furs from Groseilliers resulting in the loss of the Northern Bay to the Hudson Bay Company. It is said he cared less for the welfare of the inhabitants of New France. He conferred many favors on the Jueuits.
(II)-Louis Prevost, Metis, b-1651, died May 27, 1686, Beauport, son (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, (1620-1665); married February 17, 1672 Chateau-Richer, (II)-Francoise Gaignon b-1655; 2nd marriage February 17, 1681, Chateau-Richer, Marguerite Careau
Louis Prud’homme had his 1647 Quebec marriage to Anne Archambault annulled in 1651 due to his having been bigamous (he had a wife back in France). Not listed in Tanguay. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
The Onnonta’eronnons attacked the French Fort Ahwen’do,e, and had destroyed 100 men.
The parish Ste Anne de Beaupre is established this year.
January: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Angelique Poisson baptiaed October 18, 1653 Sillery, died April 17, 1732 an ursuline, daughter (I)-Jean Poisson married likely Kebec Jacqueline Chamboy b-1628, epouse Michel Pelletier de le Prade The godfather, Pierre Boucher, governor of the Three Rivers, represents by Mr. de Villeray, and godmother, Mrs Denis D’Auteuil
January 27: Quebec, birth (II)-Rene Poulain, son (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) and Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687):
February 5: Quebec, birth, (II)-Paul Tessier dit Chaumine, Metis, died April 26, 1730 Longue Pointe, son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Montreal; married October 13, 1681 Chateau Richer (III)-Madeleine Cloutier b-1660 died February 12, 1748 Longue Pointe.
February 25: (II)-Charles de la Tour (1595-1665) is appointed Governor of Acadia and married Motin widow of his arch rival the infamous (I)-Menou Charles d’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650).
April 20: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Marsolet, Metis, died March 7, 1715, Quebec, son (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married 1st. February 9, 1680 Marguerite Couture; 2nd married May 28, 1690 Quebec, Marie Anne Bolduc
May 15: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Elizabeth Lefebvre, Metis, died September 10, 1687, daughter (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: 1st married Felix Thunes: 2nd marriage January 13, 1687, Batiscan, Jean Colet.
May 21: (I) or (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) born St Malo or Avagon or Trois Rivieres son of (I)-Sebastein Hayet dit Radisson: Radisson and (I)-Madeleine Heraut aka Hainault (or Metis or savage, see Radisson 1632) and is believed to have arrived Kebec today and immediately moved to Trois Rivieres this year. He claims to be born 1636, St. Malo, other suggest born 1640. No baptismal certificate could be found in France or New France and some the English, suggest he was Italian. He was often discovered to embellish his own role in history especially as to do with brother-in-law (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618-1696). He fabricated his role in the expedition of (1654-1656) when in fact he signed a document in Quebec on November 7, 1655. His journals should be read with caution. Some say he arrived in Kebec with his family and half sisters but others say he followed his sister to Kebec. Tanguay records him as (I) first generation where as the Jesuit relations suggest he is (II)-second generation. It is suggested (I)-Madeleine Heraut aka Hainault is his mother and was first married to a Pierre Esprit Radisson b-1590 and second marriage to step dad (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Hayot. This however is problematic as (I)-Madeleine Herbaut married about 1631 to (I)-Sebastien Hayet, dit Radisson and they had two daughters (II)-Elisabeth, no birth date or location and (II)-Marguerite Radisson born 1632 a therefore (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) could not be the son of Pierre Esprit Radisson b-1590? One possibility is that (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson (1636-1710) is a Metis? and/or his mother is not (I)-Madeleine Herault?
May 24: (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) is captured by the Mohawk Iroquois near Trois Riviers, his other two companions were killed. He claims to be adopted into the Mohawk family. He later escaped with help from the Dutch and returned to Quebec. He claims he was captured 1652 & returned to Quebec 1654. How much of this story is fabrication is questionable but consistent if he were Metis.
June 18: Leonard Marbau on Montreal is killed by the Iroquois.
July 26: Denys Archambaut was instantly killed at Montreal when his cannon burst while firing the third charge against the attacking Iroquois.
August 4: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Guillaume Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630;
August 7: Maturin, Antoine des Rusier’s man at Three Rivers is killed by the Iroquois.
August 13: Montreal, (I)-Jean Hebert killed this date by the Iroquois.
August 18: Kabec, the ship Petit Saint Jean lands captain Rene Boutin.
August 24: Trois Rivieres, Quebec, (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur, b-1624, a Coureur de Bois, a soldier and interpreter is at Trois Rivieres, Quebec, he died April 1690, St. Francois du Lac. He married April 16, 1657, Trois Rivieres, Quebec, Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (1631-1699) an Algonquine
September 18: Louyse wife Chagniau is killed by three Iroquois in her house.
September 19: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Anne Baillargeon, died March 8, 1722 Trois Rivieres, daughter (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636: married 1st. Jean Polton: 2nd marriage April 29, 1709 Trois Rivieres, Jacques Duguay.
September 25: Montreal, marriage (II)-Mathurine Gode (1637-1672) daughter (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657) and Francoise Gaddis (1586-1689); married 1st Jean Pair; married 2nd November 12, 1658 Montreal Jacques Lemoyne
October 4-14: (I)-Jean de Lauzon (Lauson) (1582-1666) arrived Kebec and 9 days later married his second wife Anne Despres.
October 13: Kabec, three ships arrive, the Saint Joseph at 350 tonnage captain Maitre Jean Boucher, the Passemoy at 250 tonnage, and the Vierge at 320 tonnage captain Pierre Boileau.
November 11: Three Frenchmen drowned, servants of Giffard who had gone to trade skins on the Isle of Orleans.
November 12: Quebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Aubert (Auber) b-1651, died January 29, 1732, daughter (I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) and Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English; married Denis Roberge
November 20: Quebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) to (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis born January 27, 1638, Kebec daughter (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) and Helene Desportes, b-1620, epouse January 9, 1640 Noel Morin.
November 23: A Frigate from Montreal arrived Kebec with a load of beaver skins. Montreal has become a strategic location for the fur trade. Above Montreal are few Iroquois and traders did not want to adventure down river and expose themselves to more danger.
December 1: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Guillaume Vernon son (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632 See Radisson 1631.
December 1: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Guillaume Vernon son (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632 See Radisson 1631.
December 2: Montreal, birth (II)-Francois Xavier Prud’homme son (I)-Louis Prud’homme (1608-1671) and Roberte Gadois, b-1626: married November 20, 1684, Montreal, Cecile Gervaise.
December 7: Quebec, birth, (II)-Noel Langlois, Metis, died October 9, 1693, Beauport, son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: 1st married 1672 Quebec Aymee Caron; 2nd marriage December 2, Beauport, Genevieve Parent
1652
Seventeen marriages, forty six births and eight deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Crevier Metis son (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married January 20, 1682, Champlain, Anne Chorel.
Birth, likely Kebec (III)-Godfroy Marie Charles Le Gardeur, son (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1675 and Marie Favery, d-1675.
France is seriously considering abandoning the New France Colony if nothing is done to protect the fur trade from the Iroquois.
Cairn dedicated to first settlers L,Ange Garden
Cairn
L’Ange Gardien, New France, located 14 kilometers north of Quebec city, that became a parish in 1670, would become the original homestead of the first Garnaud in New France. Domain du Fief de Lotinville, from 1652 to 1690, held East L’Ange Gardien. The original settlers in East L’Ange Gardien listed, starting from the West to the East River Petit Pre during this period to 1680, are:
(I)-Pierre Tremblay, born 1626, married 1657 a Ozanne Achon born 1633, are living here before 1663 with 2 arpent of land. This is the possible son (I)-Pierre Tremblay who arrived Kebec 1619 and his son is likely Metis?
(II) Rene Goulet born 1650, married 1670 a Catherine Leroux and are probably living here after 1670 with 1 arpent of land.
(II)-Adrian Hayot born 1638 married (II)-Madeline Guyon born 1647 and possible living here in the 1660′s with 3 arpent of land.
Michael Guion Du Rouray lived here with 2 arpent of land.
(II)-Pierre Trudel born 1658, Quebec son (I)-Jean Trudel; married February 26, 1680 a Francoise Lefrancois and they held 2 arpent of land probably inherited from (I)-Jean. Four Garnaud’s would marry Trudel’s namely Angelique, Pierre, Catherine and Louise.
(I)-Abraham Fiset born 1636 married Denise Savard with 3 arpent of land.
Etienne Jacob lived here with 3 arpent of land.
(I)-Thomas Lefebvre born 1647 married 1669 (II)-Genevieve Peltier Metis (1646-1717) probably settled 1669 with 3 arpent of land.
(I)-Louis Levasseur born 1628 married 1666 Marguerite Belanger probably settled 1666 with 3 arpent of land.
Domain du Fief de Lotinville awarded 6 arpent of land assumed this year, 1652.
Cairn listing the names of settlers 1645-1664, L’Ange Gardien, New France,
French in boat
(II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) is captured by the Iroquois and becomes their adopted captive (1651-1653). (II)-Pierre claims it was (1652-1653), and he went to Holland arriving January 4/7, 1654.
Anne Riviere (likely a sauvagesse) b-1652 and married to (I)-Jean Alary, b-1640, they were living at St. Ours in 1652.
Nicolas Denys (d-1688) established Nepisiguit, then called St. Peters and in 1826, Bathurst, New Brunswick.
New France, Canada is composed of six significant locations at this time:
1. Tadusac is the first port, set 300 miles up the Saint Lawrence River, is only occupied two or three months of the year. The Barbarians from over 300 miles arrive here, as do numerous ships to trade.
2. Kebec is 120 miles upstream from Tadusac and is a fortress of the French. It is constructed upon a mountain, at the narrowest point of this St. Lawrence River. There is a French colony there, and, quite recently, a Huron one; and the Barbarians called Algonquin spend several months of the year there before going to their hunt.
3. Four miles upstream from Kebec, on the Saint Lawrence River, there is the residence of the Jesuit Society, called Saint Joseph where the Algonquin spend half of the year, with some French families, it is also called Sylleri (Sillery), for the founder, who was called Chevalier Noel Brulart de Sylleri (Sillery) (1577-1640). Sillery as an Indian reservation was (1637-1680′s).
4. Ninety miles beyond, still upstream, there flows into this King of Rivers, which at its mouth is 60 miles in width, and here more than a mile and a half, with both flow and ebb of the tide, although more than 400 miles distance from the sea. There flows into it, I say, attributer which we call the Three Rivers, because it issues as if by three mouths, by reason of two Islands, which divide it into three streams. At this place is the second fort of the French on the River Saint Lawrence, and a second colony of theirs, and, during a certain time of the year, of Algonquin Barbarians.
5. Then, ten miles further, still upstream, is the Lake called St. Pierre, 24 miles in length and 10 or 12 miles in width, famous through the incursions of the Hiroquois, a river prolongs it; and six miles beyond, at the mouth of this River (which is named after the Hiroquois, because it comes from their lake), was the Fort Richelieu.
6. Fifty miles beyond is the Great Island of Mont Reale, 180 miles distant from Kebec, which was formerly thickly in habited by Barbarians, while now they are very few. There is a fort of the French, with some families, who are founding the third colony. This island is about one hundred miles in circumference; and there the two branches unite which form our Great River.
The known environment of New France, Canada includes:
In the direction of the summer sunset is a lake of about 1,200 miles in circumference, which we call “The Fresh Water Sea”. A lake 600 miles in circumference is called Lake Herie. A third lake, still greater and more beautiful is called Ontario or Beautiful Lake but the Jesuit want to call it Lake St. Louis. Further to the west, more than 300 miles distant, beyond the Sault or Cascade is a lake larger than the “Fresh Water Sea”. North of this lake is the “Lake of the Stinkards” (salt water). Living around these lakes are the following known nations: Algonquin, Huron, Sault, Ondatauauat, Tobacco, Cat, Neutral, Andastogenronons of New Sweden and the Hiroquois. The Huron means Hure, having hair like the bristles of a wild boar.
The barbarians even bath in winter using hot baths in a little cabin, using hot rocks and they plunge into rivers and lakes then back to their hot baths. They do this for cleanliness, health, and for pleasure. The Jesuit suspect they do it for superstition and consider it a barbarous activity. The French at this time only bathed but once a year. It is noteworthy that the term barbarian or savage was used to describe non-Greeks then later to describe non-Romans and was applied to the French.
The Jesuit considered conjugal lovemaking within marriage as a degeneration of the ideal state. The ideal is a repugnance for carnal intercourse. Those who considered this abnormal thinking were classified as barbarians.
The bartering of trading goods was strictly forbidden to the inhabitants of the French Colony. As a result the Coureurs des Boise emerged as an entity in 1653. These free enterprisers went to the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi, named ‘Pays d’en Haut’ (The Upper Country).
February 20: Quebec, birth (III)-Jean Cloutier, Metis, died December 4, 1709 Chateau Richer, son (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married November 14, 1679 Chateau Richer, Louise Belanger
March 6: The Iroquois attacked Three Rivers but are defeated by the Huron.
March 8: Ste Anne, birth (II)-Marguerite Racine, Metis, died December 17, 1695 Chateau Richer, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married Jean Gagnon
May: The Ursuline opened a new convent in Quebec.
May 10: Father (I)-Jacques Buteux (1600-1652) is executed by the Iroquois, at St. Maurace River, north of Trois Rivieres. Buteux was noted for the introduction of brutality among the People of Tadoussac including the whipping of little children, at church, even those at the breast.
May 14: Quebec, birth (II)-Louis Soumande, Metis son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
May 26: A Frenchman at Montreal is killed by the Iroquois while attending cattle, a French woman escaped with 5-6 wounds.
May 27: Montreal death (I)-Jacques Poupeau died from a fall from a tree.
June 8: Two Huron under the protection of the French are killed near Three Rivers.
June 23: Kabec, two ships arrived captain Jean Pointel and Captain Jean Poulet, the Petit Saint Jean arrived and the Passemoy at 250 tonnage also arrived.
July 9; Quebec, marriage (II)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) (Ancient Governor Trois Rivieres) son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicole Lamie; 1st. married January 17, 1649 Kebec, Marie Madeleine (Chretienne) Ouebaddinoukoue a Huron Indian; 2nd married July 9, 1652 (II)-Jeanne Crevier, Metis b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier and Jeanne Enard, b-1619 Metis or savageese. See notes 1734, I suspect Pierre Boucher is himself a Metis.
TWO CHILDREN ARE RECORDED in 2nd marriage
(III)-Louise Boucher, Metis born December 5, 1670, died October 25, 1756, Montreal.
(III)-Charles Boucher, Metis married Marie Anne Lavaltrie
August 13: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Gourdeau b-1614 or 1624, d-1663, who arrived Kebec March 1637, marriage Eleonore De Grandmaison veuve October 15, 1663 Quebec, Jacques des Cailhaut de la Tessere, Quebec also epouse Francois De Chavigny.
August 19: Guillaume Guillemot, the Governor of Throis Rivieres, and 22 settlers are attacked and killed by the Iroquois. Charles Garmant or Garman, age 10 years, is captured at Cap Rounge, his father and another Frenchman are presumed dead. The Jesuits are still trying to obtain his release in 1660.
August 25: (I)-Thomas Godfroy de Normanville is killed by the Iroquois.
September 30: Quebec, birth (II)-Jacques Bourdon, Metis, son (I)-Jean Bourdon d-1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
October 8: Kebec, marriage (II)-Francoise Roussin, died December 4, 1691, Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Roussin de Tourouvre: married Pierre Loignon.
October 15: Quebec, marriage (II)-Noel Pinguet (1630-1685) to Marie Madeleine Du Pont, (1636-1696).
December 29: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Pepin Metis, died April 2, 1722 Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married October 20, 1681, Quebec, Louise Le Mire
1653
Sixteen marriages, fifty one births and fifteen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Catherine Baillargeon, daughter (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636:
(I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618-1696) made his home at Trois Rivieres among 30 other families. It is about this time that he first mentioned that he learned of the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay. In 1664 the Jesuits wrote of him “He is a man capable of anything, bold, hardy, stubborn in his undertakings, who knows the country (of North America), and who has been everywhere, to Hurons, to the Ottawa” Such a man was not twiddling his thumbs in Huronia during his sojourn in the interior..
Philippe Muis D’Entremont, b-1601, Normandy, France, died 1701, Port Royal, Acadia (Nova Scotia), married 1849, Madeline Helie Du Tillet, b-1626, likely arrived Acadia 1649-1653.
(I)-Etienne Robin dit Desforges, b-1613, arrived Quebec, 1653, died May 21, 1660 Long Sault, killed by Iroquois.
(I)-Jean Valets, b-1633, arrived Quebec 1653, died 1660 Quebec.
The Jesuit vision of the Mountain of Montreal is a mission to convert the Natives and stop French exploration and free trading. This objective failed, and one hundred new settlers arrived this year, being the only significant expansion since its creation. The French population of New France is estimated at 2,000 persons. To test the weak and fumbling French leadership, two hundred Mohawk warriors made a surprise attack on the Hospital. The Hospital, across the little St. Pierre River, the Mountain of Montreal, is on high ground. The Mohawk retreated as the timing did not appear right. Thirty-two French mercenaries were killed and twenty two were captured by the Iroquois during the past three years. The Mission of the Mountain of Ville-Marie (Montreal)’s defenses consisted of a mere fifty men. The Iroquois themselves are being attacked by their neighbors to the east and south and offered peace to the French in November. A revolt by the upper nobility in France failed and they are deprived of any political power.
As a result of the French Iroquois War, Ville-Marie (Montreal) has not traded for a single beaver skin from the Savages for the past year. At Trois Rivieres, the few natives that came were employed to defend the place. The stores in Quebec is the image of poverty. It is noteworthy that Ville-Marie (Montreal) only contained 60 people of which only 20 is capable of bearing arms.
Le Mercier a Jesuit wrote: “our entire French youth is planning to go trading with the Nations, who are disseminated all over the territories, and they hope to come back with beaver pelts from many hunting seasons.”
The Wendat (Huron) make a promise to the French that they will deliver furs next season as did the Savages west of Sault Ste Marie. The French in turn promised to go out among the Algonkins, Sault and dispersed Huron.
Two hundred Iroquois surrounded 26 Frenchmen. These barbarians discharged their pieces at a position of close proximity, they fired 200 shots, without killing or wounding a single man. The French claimed they fired the pieces correctly but it demonstrated the inaccuracy of the pieces.
Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) is made Governor of Three Rivers (1653-1658).
Trustee from 1656 to 1660, prisoner of the Iroquis in 1661 and soldier of the 17th Squad in 1663, Marin Jannot drowned accidentally and was buried in Ville-Marie (Montreal) on July 24, 1664.
The following is translated from an article about Marin Janot, from a book entitled “Les Recrutès” by Roland Auger, which I will attempt to translate. Marin Jannot dit LaChapelle was from a town named LaChapelle, by Monthausen, near Chateau Thierry, where he was born. He enlisted in 1653 becoming part of the recruitment, although he can not designate the place and the date of his enlistment. He received £108 in advanced wages and signed the acknowledgement the following June on the 20th, before leaving the roads of Saint-Nazaire. Marin Jannot was a carpenter.
He had scarcely arrived in Ville-Marie, that he definitely decided to settle there. Monsieur de Maisonneuve gave him a grant of land February 2d in 1654.
This great recruitment (Le Grand Recrue de 1653) was organized by M. de Maissonneuve and medically assisted by a 32 year old nun, Sister Bourneoys. They finally set sail on the 20th of June, 1653 in the ship “Saint-Nicholas-de-Nantes” and traveled 350 lieues (875 miles) before they were forced to return, due to the fact that they were leaking like a sieve.
Although 153 had signed for this voyage, collecting their wages in advance, only 102 actually boarded the ship. Also, their provisions had been ruined, yet their courage was still very high, and on 20 July 1653, they sailed once again for the New World, arriving at Quebec on 22 September 1653; 64 days later.
There, their ship had to be burned as the tide could not lift it. Sister Bourney’s aid to the sick was not enough and eight persons died on the voyage. At Quebec, Governor de Lauzon, refused to let them have boats to complete their journey to Ville-Marie, as they were sorely needed for the defense of Quebec and also their rations were too short to give them to this recruitment. They finally arrived at Ville-Marie on the 16th of November, 1653.
Nicolas Denys (1598-1688), a La Rochelle Merchant, acquired territory in the Gulf of St. Lawrence from Canso to Gaspé, including Cape Breton and other Gulf Islands, with rights to land and government. He would turn his establishment over to his son Richard Denys in 1670.
This reference appears in “Your Ancient Canadian Family Ties” by Reginald L Olivier: “There were four recruitments (1640-1642-1653-1659) which had brought to Canada, 278 men, 45 women and children and three Religious Sisters. (Special mention should be made concerning the one in 1653, since this is the one that Marin Janot was a member).
Kabec, three ships arrived this year, the Patriarche Abraham captain Guillaume Poulet, a ship by captain Jean Pointel, the Saint Nicolas for Montreal by captain Pierre Lebesson.
The Jesuit Relations say that, for a year, the warehouse at Ville-Marie (Montreal) has not bought a single beaver from the Indians. Destroyed too were the Jesuit Missions in Huronia.
(I)-Emmanuell LeBorgne (1610-1675), a merchant of Rochelle, learned of the death of (I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) who owed him 160,000 livres. He assumed Charnisay owned all of Acadia and was determined to recover the debt.
January: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Patenotre son (I)-Nicolas Patenotre (1626-1679) and Marguerite Breton, b-1635
January 26: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Etienne Vien, b-1613, married to Marie Dent de Larnarti, epouse January 26, 1655, Trois Rivieres, Louis Ozannes.
January 26: Quebec, birth (II)-Claude Plante son (I)-Jean Plante, (1621-1706) to (II)-Francoise Boucher d-1711; married November 6, 1691 St. Francois Marie Patenotre.
February 5: Quebec birth (II)-Nicolas Bonhomme, son (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); married January 14, 1676 Quebec Marie Therese Levasseur
.February 6: Quebec, marriage (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 to (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis epouse February 7, 1714 St. Francois I.J., Andre Boutillet, daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis
February 24: Port Royal, Acadia (II)-Charles La Tour (1594-1666) married Charles de Menou d’Aulnay’s widow, he died 1650.
February 9: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Pitaut to Marie Grandon.
April 21: Some suggest this was August 21: At Three Rivers, 16 Frenchmen (servants, sailors and others) deserted the colony, intending to leave the country. These included: Barre, lance-corporal, and La Montagne, soldiers, La Rose, a servant of Monsieur de la Poterie and Lespine, Baudet, servant of la Grandresnil, and sailor, des Noters, la Fond, sailor, du Plessis, la Verdure, sailor, la Montagne, Savary, la Franchise, Teste-Pelee, servant of la Franchise, Coquelin, sailor, des Lauriers, Paul Langlois, sailor. It is noteworthy that servants and indentured engages were virtual slaves for three to five years. These were unique in desiring to leave the colony as most went Coureurs des Bois.
April 22: Quebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Rouillard dit Lariviere (1616-1666) and Marie Girard, b-1640.
April 27: Two servants of Dauteuil took flight into the interior likely encouraged by the flight of 16 French on April 21.
April 27: Monsieur Charon is wounded in the throat by a pistol shot, at his residence on the Island or Orleans, by two of his servants. They were captured May 7.
May 8: Quebec, death Paschal Pasquier
May 12: Jacques Junier fled Sillery, Kebec, by crossing the Saint Lawrence River.
June 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre:
June 26: The Onondagas sent 18 chiefs to Ville-Marie (Montreal) for peace negotiations.
July 20: The New England colonists are under-taking war against the Dutch and their Iroquois allies.
July 20: Montreal the Iroquois killed (I)-Micheal Noel a servant of (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657)
July 21: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Preuirau to Jacquette Tourault, veuve Pierre Tarouseau
July 30: News arrived that the Algonquin of the north are uniting with the remnants of the Tobacco and Neutral tribes, are assembling beyond the Sault Ste Marie, Lake Superior, to unite against the Iroquois. It is noteworthy that the Algonquin had previously, before the arrival of the French, had assembled a great army to punish the Iroquois for their evil ways. In this way peace had been secured in the past.
August 5: Quebec, birth (III)-Marie Madeleine Pinguet d-1721 daughter (II)-Noel Pinguet (1630-1685) to Marie Madeleine Du Pont, (1636-1696)
August 12: Quebec, birth (II)-Louise Rouleau, died August 28, 1656, Quebec daughter (I)-Gabriel Rouleau dit Sanssoucy (1618-1673) and Mathurine Leroux b-1636, epouse Debruary 5, 1674 Ste Famille, Martin Mercier.
August 21: The Iroquois attacked Ville-Marie (Montreal) but are defeated by the Huron. Three Rivers is also attacked. The siege lasted over eight days. When no progress is made by either side, peace is declared and the Iroquois return prisoners taken as did the French.
August 24: Quebec, marriage (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) 2nd marriage (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, half sister of (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710), daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Radisson and Madeleine Heraut, Marguerite veuve de Jean Veron Grand Menil who was killed by the Iroquois..
August 30: In Ville-Marie (Montreal), he married Francoise Besnard, daughter of Pierre and Catherine Riverin from Pourray, diocese of Mans.
August 30: (I)-Emmanuel Le Borgue (1610-1675) with his son (II)-Alexandre Le Borgue (1640-1693) arrived Port Royal to recover money owing to him. He forced the widow of (I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) to sign a document saying he was owed 206,286 livres. He then set out to plunder Acadia starting with Pentagouet (Castline, Maine), La Heve where he burned everything, Saint-Pierre and Nipisiguit. He assumed (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) and (I)-Nicholas Denys (1598-1688) were mere vassals to be crushed. The Laurentian settlements of Denys was plundered, burned, and the people taken into slavery. He then attacked Fort La Tour but was repulsed.
September 22: Marguerite Bourgeoys (1620-1700) wanted to open a school at Ville-Marie (Montreal), but there was only one school child so she cared for the sick and poor.
October: The Savages reported the French party who deserted Three Rivers earlier this year are discovered in Gaspe. Some had died from hardship and privation, and there were indications that they had eaten one another.
October 20: Quebec, marriage (I)-Robert Pare (1626-1684) to (II)-Francoise La Houx (1626-1685)
October 22: Quebec, marriage (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697) daughter (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) d-1665, sauvagesse. Others suggest Francoise was born France, March 16, 1604 but parents were not identified.
October 29: Bouchard’s wife was convicted for being violent to the person of Dr. Ettiene Bouchard on the Public Road. Francoise Besnard remarried to Guillaume Bouchard in Ville-Marie (Montreal) on October 22, 1690 and she leased to Charles Gervaise, a farm on the outskirts of Ville-Marie (Montreal) and renewed the lease April 14th 1694 and October 7th 1696. Her son, Pierre Janot, paid her a life-annuity, March 8th 1698, the same day she sold a portion of the land to Nicolas Janvrin.
October 29: (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis, (1636-1710) claims to have escaped from the Mohawks with the help of the Dutch.
November: The vessel that departed Kebec for France, richly laden with the spoils of the beavers of this country, was itself despoiled, falling into the hands of the English who were waiting for it in the channel.
November: About 140 individuals arrived Ville-Marie (Montreal) boosting the population to 200 people.
November 3 The Iroquois Nation made peace with the French, but some Mohawks, Oneidas and Onondagas continued to fight.
November 16: THE RECRUITS courtesy of Brad La Chapelle
Editors Note:
In the 1600′s, Montreal, Canada is known as Ville-Marie. The Iroquois were constantly attacking and killing the villagers, and they asked for help from France. In 1653, France held a Grand Recruitment to help the settlers, and this was known as “Grand Recrue de 1653.” 153 men signed up to go to Canada, but 50 did not honor their contract and 8 died on the voyage, leaving a total of 95 able bodied men. Of these, 24 were massacred by the Iroquois, 4 accidentally drowned and one died when his house was burned. Of those left, 49 have left descendants in Canada. These soldiers were credited with not only saving Ville-Marie from extinction, but the whole of Canada as well.
When volunteers arrived, they were not allowed to use their proper names and each adopted an “alias” or “dit” name. Therefore, Marin Janot, became known as Marin Janot dit LaChapelle. It is supposition on my part, but since he was from the LaChapelle/Monthodon area of France, he apparently took the name of his hometown.
November 26: Quebec, birth (II)-Gilles Fournier, Metis died December 31, 1653, Quebec son (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, b-1638.
December 3: Nicolas Denys (1598-1688) purchased the rights to the islands of the Gulf of St. Lawrence from Cap Canso to Cap des Rosiers on the Gaspe from the Company of New France.
1654
Thirty five marriages, sixty four births and twenty four deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Jean Aubuchon of Trois Rivieres married Marguerite Sedilot- age eleven years and 5 months.
Pierre (Laverdure) Doucet, b-1621 fled to Quebec in 1654 when Port Royal, Acadia fell, his 1st wife whom he married in 1640 died in Quebec, 2nd marriage 1660, Heriette Pelletret when he returned to Acadia.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Michel Lefebvre, Metis, died October 21, 1708, Trois Riviers son (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married November 11, 1670 Trois Rivieres: married November 3, 1683, Champlain, Catherine Trotier
(I)-Charles Le Moyne (Lemoine) (1624-1683) married an adopted orphan named Catherine Tierry age 13, likely a Savauge or Metis?
Father Simon Le Moyne (1604-1665), a missionary to the Wendat, journeyed to Iroquois country, promising to establish a mission in 1655.
(I)-Philippe Mius d’Entremont, (1601-1701) receives from (II)-Charles La Tour (1594-1665) one of the few signeurie ever given out in old Acadia, signeurie of Popomcoup (Pubnico), at Cape Sable, Acadia.
(II)-Jacques I Mius d’Entremont, b-1654, East Pubnico, Acadia (Nova Scotia), died 1763, son (I)-Philippe Muis d’Entremont, (1601-1701) and (I)-Madeline Helie Du Tillet, b-1626: married 1677 Acadia Anne La Tour
(II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) is reported to be back at Trois Rivieres. They bring reports of the Stinking Sea aka Ouinipeg Sea (Lake Winnipeg) which means stinking water.
(I)-Claude Volant de St Claude, b-1636, married Trois Rivieres (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis, b-1636 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet de St Malo and Madeleine Heraut or savage: a sister or half sister to (II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson (1636-1710), see 1631
(II) Gilles Trottier (1628-1658) is captured by the Iroquois and freed the following year. He became an interpreter and continued in that role until his death. He never married and gave all his property to the church in Ville-Marie (Montreal). Source Lyle Trottier.
A number of persons are free-trading, and the Company wishes to know the number and quality of such persons.
The Acadian children born between 1654 and 1670 had little or no knowledge of France. Unlike New France, they were not governed by the religious, nor the seigniorial system or an Intendant. Seigneuries were granted at Port Royal, Beaubassin and along the St. John River, but had no influence on daily life. The Acadians adopted the Indian practice of family networks, forging strong family kinships among themselves. The Jesuits, Capuchins, Recollets and Sulpicians took part in religious and educational needs, but no order achieved unquestioned authority like in New France. Every Acadian settlement contained Metis families, usually of Micmac ancestry, and they were readily accepted as Acadians.
Two young Coureurs des Bois encouraged 250 Ottawa to trade into Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal).
Peace was made between the French and the Iroquois.
The Wendat (Huron) arrive by the hundreds with furs as promised last year.
Thirty Frenchmen and two Jesuits returned with the Ottawa to live among them to improve trade.
The population of Port Royal, Acadia is listed as 250 people, mostly from France. Thomas Temple (1615-1674) and two others obtained the rights of trade and government in Acadia ( Nova Scotia) following the English conquest this year.
Kebec, 6 ships arrived, the Fortune at 100 tonnage captain Pierre Le Besson, the Petit Saint Jean captain Rene Boutin, the Verie from Naples, the Saint Nicoers, the Patriarche Abraham captain Jean Poulet and the Colombe Mouillee.
January 7: Montreal, marriage (I)-Jeanne Solde to Jacques Beauvais dit St. Jeme
February 3: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), married (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis?, b-1621, died July 30, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese?, (1600-1663). Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
February 9: Quebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Parent (1610-1698) to (II)-Jeanne Baneau., died November 23, 1706 Beauport.
February 22: Quebec, birth (II)-Elizabeth Aubert (Auber) b-1654, daughter (I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) and Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English; married February 4, 1671 Quebec Bertrand Chese; 2nd marriage February 4, 1683 Quebec, Jean Baptiste Franquelin
February 28: Montreal, birth (II)-Paul Prud’homme son (I)-Louis Prud’homme (1608-1671) and Roberte Gadois, b-1626:
April: At Ville-Marie (Montreal), a great number of beavers inhibiting the streams and neighboring rivers attracted our Frenchmen thither, as soon as spring opened and the snow and ice melted. On all sides they hunted and waged war against these animals with pleasure and profit alike. A young surgeon in pursuit of beaver is captured by the Onneiochronnon (Iroquois). He was later released and returned to Ville-Marie (Montreal).
April 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Etienne Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630;
April 28: The ordinance of Governor Jean de Lauzon (1584-1666) took over the fur trade for his own personal profit and decreed that no one else is allowed to trade except those authorized by himself. A Lauson monolophy.
May 3, Quebec, birth (III)-Noel Pelletier, Metis, died September 1, 1712 Riviere Ouelle, son (II)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1698) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); married 1676 Madeleine Mtgnault
May 6: Trois Riviers, marriage (I)-Lamorille Lemaistre dit Le Picard (1631-1666), master tailor, married Judith Rigaud, Lamorille was involved in 24 court cases at Trois Riviers
May 19: Quebec, marriage (I)-Charles Philippaux, d-1665 to Catherine Noutet, epouse March 8, 1666, Quebec, Jean Soulard
June: The Tionnontatehronnons (Tobacco Nation) arrived Ville-Marie (Montreal) and Three Rivers to trade furs for French goods. They could speak both the Huron and Algonquin languages. These people are now living near the Lake of the Stinkards (Salt Water), at the Bay of the North.
June: The Iroquois are attacking the Cat Nation and the village of Sonnontoehronnon (Iroquois) is already taken and burned. Among the Cat People are some displaced Huron’s.
June: Captain Anniehronnon, a Metis, the son of an Iroquois mother and a Dutch father arrived Kebec from Fort Orange in New Holland to confirm peace with their Savage allies.
July: Captain Anniehronnon, a Metis, returned to Kebec with two French prisoners captured by the Iroquois.
July: The Iroquois are favorably disposed towards the French. The Iroquois are not mistreating their Huron captives. It is not known why their disposition changed over the next few years.
July 4: Robert Sedgwick (1611-1656) of New England, in retaliation for attacks on English ships, attacked Acadia. Because of the civil war started by the infamous (I)-Emmanuel Le Borgue (1610-1675), Acadia had few defenses. Sedgwick easily took Le Heve, Pentagoet and Port Royal.
July 17: Fort Sainte Marie surrendered to Robert Sedgwick (1611-1656) and (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) is taken prisoner.
July 25: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Chouart son (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) and (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, b-1632
August 6: (I)-Medard Chouart Sieur Des Groseilliers (1618-1696) turns Coureurs des Bois and goes to what is known as the Western Area of the North Bay. They go up the Ottawa River, near Lake Nipissing, then down the French River towards Georgian Bay and Lake Huron, to the Links between Lake Erie to Lake Michigan.
August 16: Port Royal surrendered to Robert Sedgwick (1611-1656) of New England. Fort Pentagouet on the Penobscot River also fell.
August 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Rouillard, died August 24, 1711 son (I)-Antoine Rouillard dit Lariviere (1616-1666) and Marie Girard, b-1640.
August 31: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Perrot dit Vildaigre (1629-1703) to Michelle Le Plot, b-1742.
September 2: Robert Sedgwick (1611-1656) of New England, having captured Acadia, departed for England with (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) as his prisoner.
September 9: Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Maurice Poulain b-1620 son of (I)-Pierre Poulain dit Lafontaine and Anne Ploumelle: married Jeanne Jallaut (Jallot) died May 27, 1708, veuve Martin Francheville.
September 19: Jean Aubuchon of Trois Rivieres married Marguerite Sedilot- a child bride who was 11 years and 5 months old.
October 12: Ville-Marie (Montreal), death Yves Batar by the Iroquois.
October 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Marguerite Gervaise died January 18, 1690, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis? b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Ville-Marie (Montreal); married February 19, 1669, Ville-Marie (Montreal), (II)-Jean Baptiste Gadois, b-1641, died April 15, 1728 Ville-Marie (Montreal).
October 26: Chateau Richer, birth (II)-Pierre Racine, Metis, died March 14, 1729 Quebec son of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married July 6, 1682 Ste Familie, Louise Guyon
November 5: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jeanne Baillargeon, daughter (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636:
November 8: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Volant de St. Claude, Metis, died January 3, 1710. Quebec, ordained a priest September 17, 1678, son (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636.
November 10: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, Metis, died October 8, 1719, Varnenes, ordained a priest September 17, 1678, son (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636.
November 30: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Louis Lebecheur, b-1629 killed by Iroquois.
1655
Twenty two marriages, eighty one births and nineteen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Claude Dablon (1618-1697) a Jesuit arrived as a missionary to the Onondaga near Syracuse, New York.
Captain Jean Baptiste Ekhinechkaouat (Metis?) became ill in the woods and was near death when the Jugglers (Medicine Man) using herbal medicine cured him. The Jesuits consider all Jugglers as evil.
(I)-Emmanuel Le Borgue (1610-1675) departed Acadia broke and left his son (II)-Alexandre Le Borgue (1640-1693) to attempt in the recovery of the family estate. Alexandre never amounted to much as he was too fond of the wine.
Pentagouet, Acadia, marriage (III)-Jeanne Jeanne de Saint Etienne de La Tour, Metis daughter (II)-Charles La Tour (1596-1665) and a Mi’Kmaq ( Micmac) girl; married d’Apprendestiguy de Martignon.
(I)-Claude Sol dit Desmarais, b-1629, established himself this year Trois Rivieres.
Captain Noel Tecouerimat (Metis?) is at Saint Joseph of Sillery, Kebec.
Captain Paul Tessouehat (Metis?), the famous one eyed Captain of the Algonquins is on the Island.
(I)-Pierre Thibodeau, b-1630, France, arrived Acadia 1650′s, married 1660 Acadia (II)-Jeanne Theriault, b-1744, family settled at Pre Ronge, Acadia.
d’Apprendestiguy de Martignon, a Basque, married 1655 Pentagouet, Acadia (II)-Jeanne de Saint-Etienne de la Tour, Metis, b-1625 Acadia daughter (II)-Charles (Turgis) de Saint-Etinne de la Tour (1595-1665) and Louise a Micmac woman.
A band of Iroquois wintered near Three Rivers among a band of Algonquin, and no disagreement was found between the two Nations. The widows and girls of the Algonquin were allowed to marry the Iroquois. The Iroquois by custom would join the Algonquin culture.
An Englishman noted that slaves are sold from one to another, in New France, as we do sheep.
The Iroquois delivered some of the little girl slaves, as requested by the Jesuits. The Jesuits say the little girl slaves are for the Ursuline Mothers to work in their house of charity. They hope to make so many Christians of them. The life expectancy of the little girls is not long. The Jesuits must have been aware that the Iroquois would have to raid their neighbors to acquire these little girl slaves. This would then lead to war between the two peoples.
The Jesuits consider the Savages God Manitou (Great Spirit) as a demon. This is tantamount to the Savages calling Jesus a demon.
Kebec, a fleet of 6 ships sent, three are lost, the Petit Francois at 50 tonnage is lost to the Spanish with captain P. Delafond, the Chat Bouque taken by the English, a Dutch ship was lost at sea. The Colombe Mouillee and the Patriarche Abraham arrived Kebec.
January 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, died April 1, 1661, Kebec, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620
January 11: Quebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Thibaut (1618-1686) to Marie Madeleine Francois b-1633
January 12: Quebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Biron b-1627 1st to (II)-Barbe Martin, Metis (1643-1660); 2nd married December 19, 1662, Quebec, Jeanne Poireau, d-1691.
January 13: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, died March 16, 1661 Quebec daughter (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Olivier Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626- 1665);
January 27: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Francoise Plante daughter (I)-Jean Plante, (1621-1706) and (II)-Francoise Boucher d-1711; married November 18, 1676 Cheateau Richer Nicolas Paquin. (I)-Jean Plante, (1621-1706) possible son (I)-Jean Plante arrived Kebec 1619 and therefore possible Metis??
January 26: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Louis Ozannes dit Lafronde (1616-1661) married Marie Denot de la Martiniere, veuve Mathieu Labot.
February 4: Quebec, birth (II)-Guillaume Hebert Aubert, died October 16, 1714 Hotel Dieu, married Marie Anne Roussin and had 11 children.
February 8: Quebec, marriage (I)-Vincent Poirier dit Bellepoire, (1628-1703) and 1st married (II)-Francoise Pinguet, died May 30, 1661, veuve Pierre Delauney: 2nd marriage December 6, 1662, Quebec, Judith Renaudeau (1630-1695)
February 16: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Marie Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married November 17, 1671, Chateau Richer, Francois Belanger
March 14: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Rouleau, died August 28, 1656, Quebec son (I)-Gabriel Rouleau dit Sanssoucy (1618-1673) and Mathurine Leroux, b-1636, epouse February 5, 1674, Ste Famille, Martin Mercier.
April 1: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Soumande, Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637; married Joseph Mignot
April 6: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Pierre Pellerin dit St. Amand, b-1621 to Louise Mousseau, died July 1707, Quebec
April 12. Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Jean Aubuchon dit L’Esperance under contract of marriage September 19, 1654 Trois Riviers, married (II)-Marguerite Sedilot, Metis? daughter (I)-Louis Sedilot (1660-1672) and Marie Charter, likely a sauagesse 2,nd marriage Marie Grimoult
April 27: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Pierre Chapiteau b-1605 killed by the Iroquois.
May 5: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married February 17, 1670, Quebec, Pierre Blanchet.
May 29: Jean Liegeois, a Jesuit lay brother, is killed by the Hiroquois at Fort Sillery.
June 2: Quebec, birth, (II)-Laurent Tessier, Metis, died September 27, 1687, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal); married October 20, 1681 Quebec Genevieve Lemire.
August 22: Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Robineau son (I)-Rene Robineau (1629-1699) and Marie Anne LeNeuf de la Poterie, d-1702.
September 19: Fathers Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot and Claude Dablon (1619-1697) departed Quebec to establish a mission in Onondaga country.
September 21: Quebec birth (II)-Catherine Bonhomme, daughter (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); married 1670 Jacques Bertheaume
September 29: Kebec, birth (II)-Elizabeth Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre:
October 28: Kebec, marriage (II)-Jean Roussin son (I)-Jean Roussin de Tourouvre to Marie Letard
November 3: The Treaty of Westminster, England restored Acadia to France.
December 8: Quebec, birth Jean Pinguet, d-1710 son (II)-Noel Pinguet (1630-1685) to Marie Madeleine Du Pont, (1636-1696)
December 29: Trois Rivieres, death (II)-Guy Poutrel, b-1630 son (I)-Jean Poutrel Du Colombier and Medeleine Leneuf Du Hersson
1656
Twenty six marriages, eighty four births and twenty two deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
LISTED AMONG THE FILLE DU ROI IN 1667 ?
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1643), married Pierre Pouillard, October 12, 1667
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1647), married Michel Verret, Michel, dit Laverdure, October 13, 1669 Michel Verret,
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1656), married 1672, Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre,
Possibility Marie Deschamps is a savague?
Five ships sailed from France to Kebec this year. One was captured by the English, one was captured by the Spaniards and one was lost at sea. The other two arrived and departed in safety.
An Iroquois raid in 1655 and a fire this year finished the Indian reserve experiment at Sillery, and by 1663, French settlers would occupy this land. The Dutch Iroquois (the Agnieronnons) were attacking the French everywhere killing and being killed.
(I)-Mathieu Doucet, b-1637 France, a miller, arrived Kebec 1656, died March 25, 1657 at Trois Rivieres.
Martin d’Aprendistiguy, a Basque of St. John River, Acadia married Marie Jeanne De La Tour, Metis daughter Charles La Tour and Mikmag woman.
Daughter Marie Anne d’Aprendistiguy, Metis b-1662 married 1686 Port Royal Guillaume Bourgeous.
Zacharie Dupuy (1608-1676), Commandant of Quebec, established a post at Syracuse, N.Y.
(I)-Charles de Lauzon de Charny is appointed the Commandant General (interim Governor) of New France from September 1656 to September 18, 1657.
(II)-Peter Esprit Radisson Metis (1636-1710), see 1631, says he was born 1636 St. Malo, emigrated to Canada May 24, 1651, and married 1656 Trois Rivieres to Elizabeth, the daughter of Madeleine Hainault. He goes on to say that he lived at Tree Rivers where also dwelt “my natural parents, and country-people, and my brother, his wife and children”. We need to keep in mind (II)-Pierre was in England at the time of writing this when he was trying to influence the English with his exploits and claimed credit for activities of (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers. Some think (I)-Medard is the brother in question. (II)-Peter’s married second wife some time between 1666 and 1673 in England, daughter of John Kirke. He is believed to have returned to Quebec in 1694 and to have died there. (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis, b-1636, a sister of (I)-Peter is believed to have married 1653 (I)-Claude Violany de St. Claude likely in Trois Rivieres.
Garreau is killed near Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal); shot through the spine.
Kabec, 6 ships arrived, the Rene at 80 tonnage, the Taureau at 150 tonnage captain Rlie Tadourneau, the Fortune at 100 tonnage captain Elie Raymont, the Saint Sebastin captain Guillaume and Jean Poulet and 2 unknown ships.
January 22: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Perrot daughter (I)-Jacques Perrot dit Vildaigre (1629-1703) to Michelle Le Plot, b-1742: married September 17, 1669, Ste Familee, Francois de Jarret.
February 2: Quebec, birth (II)-Ignace Poulain, son (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) and Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687): married August 23, 1683 Ste Anne, Marguerite Pare.
February 15: Quebec, birth (II)-Anne Aubert (Auber) b-1656, died June 20 1728 daughter (I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) and Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English; married November 6, 1683 Quebec Gervais Baudouin
February 22: The Jesuits condemn the Savages for believing their dreams. They have a special festival for what the Jesuits call the ‘demon of dreams’. They also call it the festival of fools, or the carnival of wicked Christians. The Savages call it the Honnonouaroria. The Jesuits do not consider the French masqueraders carnival in Europe as evil. If we follow their logic the dreams of the Jesuit fathers, that they call visions, are therefore ‘demon dreams’.
March 3: Quebec, birth (II)-Anne Poirier, died February 1, 1704, Ste Foye, daughter (I)-Vincent Poirier dit Bellepoire, (1628-1703) and (II)-Francoise Pinguet, died May 30, 1661, veuve Pierre Delauney: 1st married February 6, 1673 Quebec, Jacques Gaudry: 2nd marriage 1692 Ignace Bonhomme
March 16: Montreal, birth (II)-Marguerite Prud’homme daughter (I)-Louis Prud’homme (1608-1671) and Roberte Gadois, b-1626: married 1st. July 14, 1670 Montreal, Jean Martinet: 2nd marriage January 23, 1703 Jean Latour
March 28: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jeanne Pepin Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married 1st Fenruary 6, 1674 Trois Rivieres Jean Herou; 2nd marriage August 13, 1690 Trois Rivieres Mathurn Marais
May 2: (I)-Jean Bourdon (1601-1668) weighted anchor at Quebec for a voyage to the north. Some claimed he reached the shores of Hudson Bay and claimed it for France. Other suggest he didn’t make it and was driven back by the savages, and his way was blocked by ice. Others suggest 16 Frenchmen and 2 Huron guides reached Kibokok at the mouth of the Ashouanipi River, lattitude 55 degrees north. His Huron guides were killed and that is why they turned back..
May 6: The Onontaeronons killed a cow belonging to Pierre Bival (the Swiss). He fired a swivel-gun at the Onontaeronons, but without effect. They also killed a sow with farrow, belonging to the same man.
March 23: Lamote and Tieri were condemned by the Gentlemen of the Council to pay a fine of 500 livres each, for having sold goods at a higher price than the tariff.
March 28: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jeanne Pepin daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and Jeanne Mechin, b-1630; married 1st February 6, 1674 Trois Rivieres, Jean Herou; 2nd marriage August 13, 1690. Trois Rivieres, Mathurin Marais
March 31: Monsieur the Abbe said in sermon that it was a mortal sin to sell brandy to the Savages. He had previously said it was not a mortal sin.
April 3: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Ignace Lefebvre, Metis, died March 27, 1740, Trois Rivieres son (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married January 12, 1682 Champlain Marie Trotier
April 7: Ste Genevieve, Montreal, birth (V)-Louis Plouf, Metis, son (IV)-Maurice Plouf and (V)-Marie Francois, Metis, b-1730.
April 11: Contract written for (I)-Louis Guerineau aka Garnaud (1634-1698) and thirty others to travel to Quebec. The contract was written by a tabellion (notary) Sea Cherbonnier. The contract for 3 years included Nicolas Millet, Joachin Martin, Jean Rabourin, Pierre Menard, known as Saintonge. It was Mer. Francois Peron, ship-owner and owner of the ship Bull on which this group took to the sea. The ship Bull was 150 barrels and its master was E. Tadourneau arriving Quebec in summer of 1656.
June 13: Three French, Adrien Joliet, Fouquet and Christophle are captured by the Iroquois at the First River.
June 18: Montreal, birth/death, (II)-Michel Froget, Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis;
June 22: Kebec, birth (III)-Jean Roussin son (II)-Jean Roussin to Marie Letard
June 25, Montreal, death (I)-Christophe Roger, drowned.
July 10: Quebec, birth (II)-Pierre Pellerin son (I)-Pierre Pellerin dit St. Amand, b-1621 to Louise Mousseau, d-1707.
July 11: Quebec, marriage (III)-Jean Baptiste Le Gardeur de Repentigny, b-1632 to (II)-Marguerite Nicolet, b-1642 daughter (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) and (II)-Marguerite Couillard
July 28: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Picard, died November 29, 1700, Quebec to (II)-Marie Caron, died June 10, 1660, Quebec; 2nd marriage November 18, 1663 Chateau Richer, (II)-Marie Madeleine Gagnon, died September 12, 1680, Quebec; 3rd marriage about 1690 (II)-Marie Anne Fortin, epouse January 7, 1702, Quebec, Etienne Mirambault;
August: Trois Rivieres, The Coureurs des Bois (I)-Medard Chouart Sieur Des Groseilliers (1618-1695/98) returned with 259 natives in 50 canoes from the Green Bay (Wisconsin) area and the southern shore of Lake Superior, bearing a future in furs. During this trip they learned of the rich fur country north and northwest of Lake Superior which, they were told is only 7 days by canoe from Hudson Bay.
August 7: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Nicolas Petit dit Lapree, b-1631 to Marie Pomponnelle (1630-1700)
August 11: Bourdon returned to Kebec from his northern voyage. The two Huron’s, whom he had taken with him, were killed by the Savages, and a Frenchman was wounded.
September 3: The elders of the Onnontage were informed that if they wanted the French to dwell amongst them, as they requested, they must provide little girls to be placed with the Ursuline Mothers. The savages loved their children and the only way they could obtain slave children for the Church is to raid their neighbors. It is hard to accept that alleged civilized Christian peoples could rationalize child slavery.
September 20: Cromwell granted Acadia to (II)-Charles La Tour(1595-1665) who sold the rights to Thomas Temple (1614-1674) and William Crowne (1617-1682) in return for five percent of the products.
October 2, Quebec, birth (III)-Anne Pelletier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Pelletier d-1698 and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); married January 10, 1670 Quebec, Guillaume Lizot
October 7: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Marguerite Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married November 14, 1674, Chateau Richer, Robert Caron.
November: De la Poterie opened a trading post at Trois Rivieres; trading wine for beaver believing this would regulate the sale of liquor. The Savages do not amend their conduct, and complaints are made against the tavern. The Jesuits requested that the Governor not allow this practice. (I)-Louis D’Ailleboust de Couconge et d’Argentenay (1612-1660) governor of all Canada, decides that the tavern must be closed, according to the Jesuit records. The alleged decree did not force him to close down.
November 9: Quebec, birth (II)-Paul Vachon, Metis, died March 7, 1729 Cap de la Madeleine, ordained Quebec, December 21, 1680 son (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697).
November 10: Quebec, marriage (I)-Nicolas Praye (Pre, Dupre) to (II)-Mathurine Buisson
November 20: A Dutchman (Otsirdiakhon) from New Holland visited Three Rivers to provide safe conduct to the Agnieronon peace team who returned 7 French prisoners and requested release of their prisoners. The terms of peace include they bring little girls as slaves for the Church. The French must have realized the savages love their children and would not give them up for slavery. They would be forced to conduct slave raids or continue warring with the French.
November 22: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Rouleau, son (I)-Gabriel Rouleau dit Sanssoucy (1618-1673) and Mathurine Leroux, b-1636, epouse February 5, 1674, Ste Famille, Martin Mercier.
November 27: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (II)-Laurent Archambault, (Metis?) b-1644, son (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married November 27, 1656, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Gilles Lauzon. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
December 6: Quebec, birth (II)-Pierre Soumande, Metis, died January 4, 1657, Quebec, son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
December 22: Quebec, birth (II)-Charles Rouillard, died March 11, 1679, Montreal, son (I)-Antoine Rouillard dit Lariviere (1616-1666) and Marie Girard, b-1640.
1657
Twenty two marriages, eighty three births and thirty two deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Quebec, birth (II)-Jacques Plante son (I)-Jean Plante, (1621-1706) to (II)-Francoise Boucher d-1711; married 1st November 13, 1686 Ste. Famille, Francoise Turcot; 2nd marriage Februaru 6, 1696, Chateau Richer, Genevieve Duchesneau
Jacques Bernard is listed as single but he married Catherine, likely savage, and had one know child Marguerite Rernard Metis born August 9, 1658 Three Hills. Jacque was involved in 29 cases of legal cases in Three Rivers. Frenchmen who took a country wife was officially listed as single. If they did not produce a child they are not considered a settler. The child had to be baptized to qualify as a settler. It’s noteworthy that Champlain produced no children and therefore was not a settler.
The mission Ste. Anne de Beaupre de la Province de Quebec 35 km east Quebec city is established this year. Etienne Lessard, one of the first settlers, ceded some land for the construction of the first wooded chapel in 1658.
(II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) joins the Jesuit Mission to the Onondaga (1657-1658) and increases his knowledge of Indian life.
In France: When a father gives a daughter in marriage, he allows her a dowry; Among the Savages, it is given to the girls father.
In France: The Man usually takes to his house the woman whom he married; Among the Savages, the man goes to the woman’s house to dwell.
In France: If anyone fall into a fit of anger, or harbor some evil purpose, or meditate some harm, he is reviled, threatened, and punished; The Savages gives him presents, to soothe his ill-humor, cure his mental ailment and put good thoughts into his head.
In France: A workman does not expect pay until he completes his task; The Savage ask for it in advance.
In France: We are not very well pleased to see snow or hail fall; The Savage leap for joy as it falls.
In France: The dead are buried with the least possible clothing: The Savages dress the dead in their finest and include their favorite possessions.
In some parts of France: The dead are buried with their head turned towards the east; The Savages make them face the west.
(I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?) returned to Fort Quebec, having left in 1654 to make direct trading contact with the Ojibwa and Fox. He had passed south west of Lake Superior to the upper Mississippi. His objective was to bypass the Ottawa in trade and explore the south to curtail the westward expansion of the thirteen colonies. The mission of the Mountain of Ville-Marie (Montreal), at this time, contained one hundred and sixty able bodied men. A third of them married, and a census taken in 1665 showed a jump to five hundred and twenty five and, two years later, seven hundred and sixty six. The Mohawk attacked the Island of Orleans and carried off eighty prisoners who were under the protection of the French. Many prisoners are women, and they ransacked the houses in Quebec. The people huddled in the Fort and not a shot was fired in defense of the Wendat who are under the protection of the French. The Sulpician, a religious order, began working in the colony this year. Pierre de Voyer d’Argenson is appointed Governor New France from July 11, 1658 to August 30, 1661. King Louis XIV prohibited the sale of liquor to Indians in New France. The King assigned Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) as the first Bishop of New France. The Iroquois renewed their war with the French to stop the flow of furs to the mission of the Mountain of Montreal. About 100 settlers are killed by the Iroquois in the St. Lawrence River Valley.
The Sulpicians, a religious order, began working the New France Colony, thereby breaking the Jesuit monopoly. These Sulpitians directed the religious affairs of Ville-Marie (Montreal) thereby replacing the Jesuits in this settlement.
The French are aware that there are four routes to the North Sea, Tadoussac, Three Rivers, Nipisiriniens and via the Great Sault (Lake Superior). The standard of the day in map making is the distance is reckoned as 15 leagues per day going down-stream and 7-8 leagues per day going up-stream. One league = 3 miles. The basis of most French maps are Savage reports, Coureurs des Bois and Metis reports and they measured distance by days traveled to reach various destinations.
January 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Baillargeon, son (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636:
January 17: Quebec, birth (II)-Rene Jacques Petit son (I)-Pierre Petit and Catherine Francoise Desnovers.
January 26: (I)-Pierre de Voyer d’Argenson (1612-1660) is appointed interim Governor of New France from September 18, 1657 (January 11, 1658) to July 11, 1658 (August 30, 1661).
January 30: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, died April 27, 1715, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis? b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Ville-Marie (Montreal); married January 14, 1676 Ville-Marie (Montreal) (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre b-1651.
April 16: Trois Rivieres, Quebec, marriage, (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur, b-1624, a Coureur de Bois, a soldier and interpreter, he died April 1690, St. Francois du Lac. He married April 16, 1657, Trois Rivieres, Quebec, Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (1631-1699) an Algonquine, she 1st married 1645 Assababich b-1620 and they had two children.
March 7: King Louis XIV prohibited the sale of liquor to the Indians in New France.
April 10: Quebec, birth (II)-Agathe Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married September 28, 1671, Quebec, Louis Gesseron.
April 16: Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur b-1624, (died August 6, 1665?, or April 5, 1690?), Trois Rivieres son (I)-Nicolas Couc dit Lafleur (1600-1675) and Elisabeth Templair; married, Marie Mite8ameg8k8e, Algonquine sauvagesse b-1631, died January 8, 1699 Trois Rivieres. Marie 1st married 1645 Assababich b-1620 and they had two children; Catherine Couque, b-1747 and Pierre Couque baptised May 6, 1650 and father listed as Pierre Deschamps.
April 16: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Pierre Coug dit Lafleur, b-1624 married Marie Mite8ameg8k8e sauvagesse, b-1631, died August 6, 1665 Trois Rivieres
May 27: Kabec, the ship Vierge arrives with captain Fabien Madot
May 29: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jeanne Petit daughter (I)-Nicolas Petit dit Lapree, b-1631 to Marie Pomponnelle (1630-1700): married November 26, 1671, Trois Rivieres, Jean Gaultier
June 4: Trois Rivieres, baptism Jeanne Lafleur and (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618-1696) is Godfather.
June 22: Kabec the ship Taureau at 150 tonnage with gunner Jean Denilt and sailor Jean Riat, captain Elie Tadourneau.
July 14: Trois Riviers, Quebec, birth (III)-Jeanne Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, killed October 23, 1679, Trois Rivieres, daughter (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur, (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699). Jeanne was murdered by Jean Rattier duBuisson, on October 23, 1679, who was never punished.
Quebec, death, Peuvret, sieur de Margontier, killed at the Cape while bathing.
July 28: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Francoise Volant de St. Claude, Metis, died December 28, 1662 Trois Rivieres, daughter (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636.
July 29: Fathers Gabriel Thubieres de Levy de Queylus (1622-1677), Gabriel Souart (1611-1691), Dominique Galinier and Antoine d’Allet (1634-1693) arrived in Quebec to found a seminary in Ville-Marie (Montreal).
August 7: Trois Rivieres or in the field, birth (II)-Marie Anne Chouart, died November 31, 1664, Trois Rivieres, daughter (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) and (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, b-1632
August 20: Kabec, the ship Armes d’Amsterdam at 250 tonnage arrives with captain Jacob Gilles, the Saint Sebastien captain Guillaume and Jean Poulet and at least one ship unknamed..
August 21: Three Frenchmen are killed at Ville-Marie (Montreal) by the Onneiotchronnons (Iroquois). Dailleboust ordered the imprisonment of all Iroquois at Ville-Marie (Montreal), Three Rivers and Quebec. Some 50-60 Savages are placed in irons. In retaliation; Three French are captured at Three Rivers in plain view of everyone. At Quebec the Iroquois appeared in the fields killing the farmers and pounced upon the Alconquin women, killing them, taking some away as prisoners, who were later recovered by the pursuing French, Huron’s and Algonquin’s. The French alone in this pursuit numbered 200.
August 29; Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Francois Lienard died February 25, 1724 Pointe Aux Trembles son (I)-Sebastien Lienard dit Durbois (1628-1701) and (II)-Francoise Pelletier (1642-1707), veuve Joan Neriau; 1st married 1690 Marie Madeleine Arpot Sauvagesse (1673-1758); 2nd marriage Agnes Robitaille, also married Appelee Richard,
September 12: Temple and Crowne agree to divide Acadia. Thomas Temple (1614-1674) received the area from Lunenburg, Acadia ( Nova Scotia) to the St. George River, Maine.
September 13: Louis d’Aillebout de Coulonge is appointed administrator of New France from September 13 to July 10, 1658.
October 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Antoine Prevost, Metis, died March 16, 1662, Kebec, son (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620
October 23: Quebec, birth (II)-Antoine Prevost, Metis, died March 16, 1661 Quebec son (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Olivier Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626- 1665);
October 25: Montreal the Iroquois killed (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657) widowing his wife Francoise Gadois (1586-1689)
November 19: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Jacques Menard dit LaFontaine, b-1629: married Catherine Frontier, Jacques was involved in 26 court cases in Trois Riviers.
November 19: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Madeleine Pepin Metis, died July 8, 1722, Trois Rivieres, daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married April 7, 1671, Trois Rivieres, Francois Roussel
November 30: in the long point of Coste de Beaupre, Nicolas Maquart conceded in Jean Baptiste Halle a ground of 3 arpents by a a126 arpents depth, located between Jacques Vauclin and grounds not yet conceded on the territory which is now that of the Guardian Angel. This is two years before (I)- Louis Guerineau aka Garnaud (1634-1698) and (I)-Jacques Jacquereau b-1628 entrusted this ground to Jacques Vezina by contract.
December 10: (I)-Emmanuel Le Borgne (1610-1675) is appointed Governor of Acadia, which is still occupied by the English. This is likely an error as he only spent two years in Acadia 1653-1655 and was not a nice person and lacked the influence or capital for such a position. He died broke at Larochelle, France.
1658
Thirty five marriages, ninety births and eighteen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
The population of Port Royal, Acadia is no more than 250 souls.
(I)-Simon Baron, a Jesuit donnes and self taught surgeon is at Trois Rivieres having arrived 1637, 1634 Kebec and 1631 Cape Breton.
(I)-Father Claude Jean Allouez (1622-1689) arrived Kebec.
Birth (III)-Louise Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married October 24, 1679, Chateau Richer, Antoine Toupin.
Trois Riviers, birth (II)-Antoine Baillargeaun dit Durivage (February 22, 1699 at Kaskakin, Illinois) son (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 and Marie Metayer, b-1636 child od d’Etienne and Jeanne Robineau; 1st married Marie Aco; 2nd married likely 1700, Kaskakin, Illinois, Domitilde Ch8ping8a, sauvagesse.
Claude Dablon (1618-1697) a Jesuit and French settlers near Syracuse, New York fled to Canada to avoid massacre.
Louis Pinard, b-1636, surgeon married 1658 Marie Madeleine Hertal, Louis was involved in 32 court cases at Trois Riviers
(I)-Pierre You, Sieur De la Decouverte b-1669, died August 28, 1718, Ville-Marie (Montreal) son Pierre You and Renee Turrot of St. Sauveur, La Rochelle, Aunis, France, married likely 1693 Ville-Marie (Montreal) to Elisabeth Sauvagesse Miami, 2nd marriage Madeleine Juste;
RECORDED CHILDREN
Child of Elisabeth; (II)-Marie Anne You, Metis b-1694 married August 15, 1718, Jean Richard (not listed Tanguay)
Children claimed of Madeline (II)-Louise You (1706-1728), and (II)-Marie Catherine You b-1708. (not listed Tanguay) these are baptism dates and maybe children of Elisabeth.
An order from the French King forbid the people of New France to leave the colony without the Governors permission in the form of a permit. Until this time, 50% of the indentured French returned to France after their indenture was complete. A permit is issued only to those who have a wife and children and considerable property, to return to France to conduct business. The three year indenture to New France became a life sentence. In effect, these French Canadians are no longer citizens of France.
(I)-Pierre de Voyer Vicomte d’Argenson (1625-1709) became Governor of New France on July 11, 1658 to August 31, 1661. It is said that he spent half his time defending New France from the Iroquois and the other half defending New France from the Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), who it was said “listened to no one” (Bishop Quebec 1659-1688) and the Jesuits. Lavel was a political appointment to undermine the Governors of New France in an attempt for the Jesuits to regain control. He urged a monopoly control over the fur trade and an increased agrarian population, but his advice was not heeded
The thirty years religious war had ended in Europe. Absolutism of one king, one faith and one law in France entrenched rather than used the promised tolerance. Religious tolerance, abolishment of witch hunts and inquisition persecution, is promised. The peasant population, especially the Protestants, continue to be harassed, and there are higher taxes to pay for the war. The people could see no immediate relief to their misery.
The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), was made Apostolic Vicar in New France. He came under the direct authority of the Roman Papacy and not under the authority of the French Crown. Last year, the Sulpicians had taken over the parish of Ville-Marie (Montreal) and became seigneurs of the island. Within a few months they were feuding bitterly with the Jesuits and with Bishop Laval, after he arrived, over ecclesiastical jurisdiction. To complicate matters, the divided clergy was in bitter opposition with the Governor and merchants. New France was being torn apart, and they appealed to the French Crown to resolve their issues.
Kebec, 5 ships arrived, the Saint Joseph at 350 tonnage captain Fabien Marot, the Taureau at 150 tonnage captain Elie Tadourneau, the Prince Guillaume at 200 tonnage captain Jacques Jamain, the Saint Sebastien captain Guillaume et Jean Poulet and the Sacrifice d’Abraham at 300 tonnage pilopt Pierre Boileau and captain Elie Raymond.
January 25: Quebec, birth (II)-Anne Soumande, Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637; married November 21, 1672, Quebec, Francois Hazeur
March 24: Montreal, birth (II)-Pierre Prud’homme, died March 29, 1703 Montreal son (I)-Louis Prud’homme (1608-1671) and Roberte Gadois, b-1626: married February 9, 1688, Quebec, Anne Chasle
April: The people of Beaupre request an inquiry concerning the life and morals of Father Vaillant of Cote de Beaupre. Father Vaillant counter charged the people of Beaupre as calumniators (slanders). Eighty-three witnesses are called, and Father Vaillant is condemned and ordered to pay costs.
April 12: Quebec, birth (II)-Ignace Pellerin son (I)-Pierre Pellerin dit St. Amand, b-1621 to Louise Mousseau, d-1707.
(II)-Alexander Le Borgne (1640-1693) moved to Le Heve that was burned by his father in 1653 and recently abandoned by the English. Thomas Temple from Boston moved against Le Heve and captured Borgne and sent him to England and prison.
May 1: likely Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Pierre Pineau dit La Perle (1631-1708) to Anne Boyer (1636-1704).
June 1: (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) and (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1695/98) depart Quebec for Lake Superior and beyond, to visit the Dakota Sioux.
July 7: Quebec, (I)- Louis Guerineau aka Garnaud (1634-1698) joined with (I)-Jacques Jacquereau b-1628 to purchase a concession in Coste de Beaupre later called Guardian Angel
August 4: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Louis Petit son (I)-Nicolas Petit dit Lapree, b-1631 to Marie Pomponnelle (1630-1700): married 1st January 7, 1686, Boucherville, Marie Charles; 2nd marriage March 19, 1710, Varennes, Michelle Charter
August 6: Quebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Petit, (1633-1676) and Marie Godeau, b-1633, Pierre 2nd marriage July 6, 1663, Chateau Richer, Jeanne Morineau od diocese Lucon.
August 10: Construction of Hotel Dieu in Quebec is completed.
August 13: Quebec, birth (II)-Anne Rouleau, daughter (I)-Gabriel Rouleau dit Sanssoucy (1618-1673) and Mathurine Leroux, b-1636, epouse February 5, 1674, Ste Famille, Martin Mercier.
August 18: Quebec, birth (III)-Pierre Joseph Pinguet d-1691, son (II)-Noel Pinguet (1630-1685) to Marie Madeleine Du Pont, (1636-1696); married October 19, 1689, Montreal Catherine Tetard
September 1; Quebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Vachon, Metis, died June 24, 1703 Beauport, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married September 1, 1658, Quebec, Jean Robert Duprac.
September 16: Montreal, marriage (I)-Jean Pichard to Louise Garnier, epouse September 19, 1661, Montreal Jacques Morin
September 19: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Angelique Lefebvre, Metis, died December 4, 1735 Becancour son (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married married 1st Marie Madeleine Cusson: married 2nd Genevieve Guyet
September 29: Marguerite Bourgeoys and Jeanne Mance (1606-1673) departed Ville-Marie (Montreal) for France to recruit young girls to be teachers.
October 18: Quebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Poulain, died May 20, 1722, daughter (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) and Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687): married August 7, 1673, Jean Amyot
October 29: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Louis Pinar, (1636-1695) to (II)-Marie Madeleine Hertel daughter (I)-Jack Hertel.
November 11: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Antoine Baillargeon, son (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 and Marie Metayer, b-1636: married 1st Marie d’ACo; married Domitide Ch8ping8a, Indian girl
November 12: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) to (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645 daughter (I)-Abraham Martin (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis
November 12: Montreal, marriage (II)-Nicolas Gode (1636-1697) son (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657) and Francoise Gaddis (1586-1689) ; married Marguerite Picard b-1646, epouse October 20, 1681 Montreal Jean Pare
1659
Thirty six marriages, ninety one births and thirty one deaths are recorded in New France.
Records indicate 36 marriages, 91 births, 31 deaths and 60 excedant (single?) in Kebec, New France. The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), appealed to King Louis XIV to send troops to defeat the Iroquois barbarians.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Baillargeon, son (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636:
Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) married most likely early 1659, (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec daughter (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1684) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) d-1665, Sauvagesse
(I)-Jean Cordeau dit Desloriers b-1636 marriage Quebec to Catherine LaTour dit Simonet Metis b-1638 died February 4, 1678 Ste Family, likely the daughter of one of the LaTour brothers.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Elizabeth Pepin Metis died December 31, 1697 Champlain, daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married November 16, 1671 Jean Arcouet dit Lajeunesse
Quebec, birth (II)-George Plante son (I)-Jean Plante, (1621-1706) to (II)-Francoise Boucher d-1711; married November 5, 1685, St. Francois, Margeueite Crepeau.
(II)-Jean Baptiste Prevost, Metis, b-1659, died May 12, 1737, St. Augustin, son (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665): married 1st. August 18, 1683, Quebec, (II)-Marie Anne Giroux, b-1607 daughter (I)-Toussaint Giroux: married 2nd February 3, 1712, Ste Foye, (III)-Genevieve Sedilot, daughter (II)-Jean Sedilot.
(I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?) ventured among the Wendat to persuade them to bring more pelts down the St. Lawrence River. In the Green Bay area, he heard stories of much untouched beaver, north of Lake Superior to the inland sea (Bay of the North or Hudson Bay) from des Groseilliers.
Birth (II)-Elizabeth Pepin, died Decenber 31, 1697, Champlain daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and Jeanne Mechin, b-1630; married November 16, 1671, Trois Rivieres, Jean Arcouet dit Lajeunesse
Cap Breton, Acadia is commanded by Monsieur Denis.
(II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) is taken on an unlicensed fur trading expedition to Lake Superior and Michigan by his half sister’s husband, (I)-Medard Chouart des Grosseilliers (1618-1696). He learns, at this time, of the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay).
Many small boats were being used on the St Lawrence River.
(I)-Louis Garnault is born 1634 baptised 1641 in Grimaudiere, France, died April 2, 1698 L’Ange Gardien, Quebec. The location of Grimaudiere is about five miles from Mirebeau, the district of Leveche de Poitiers (Vienne). He is the son of Pierre Garnault and Jeanne Barrault. He immigrated to New France under the name of (I)-Louis Garnaud (1634-1698). He was probably a Protestant and indentured for thirty-six months. La Rochelle, France is the most probable departure point to New France. La Rochelle is a sordid city because of its crowded and shabby streets, packed tightly about the waterfront. He probably arrived the summer of this year, maybe June1656.
Three ships arrived this year at Fort Quebec;
Saint-Andre- at 300 tonnnage with Captain Guillaume Poulet. Garneau not listed this ship.
Prince Guillaume- at 200 tonnage with Captain Guillaume Heurtin
Sacrifice d’Abraham- at 300 tonnage with Captain Isaie Guyesmeux
The accomplishments of the Jesuit missionaries from 1625 to 1659 are, to say the least, minor. The failure of their mission is more than compensated for by their activities as secular colonial agents.
Three Frenchmen are killed by the Iroquois at Ville-Marie (Montreal).
February 18: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Rouillard, died June 2, 1690 daughter (I)-Antoine Rouillard dit Lariviere (1616-1666) and Marie Girard, b-1640.
March 6: Ste Genevieve, Montreal, birth (V)-Marie Angelique Plouf, Metis, Daughter (IV)-Maurice Plouf and (V)-Marie Francois, Metis, b-1730: married June 27, 1689, Quebec.
March 2, Quebec, birth (III)-Rene Pelletier, Metis, son (II)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1698) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704)
April 10: Quebec, birth (II)-Jacquelle Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married June 5, 1673, Quebec, Jean Prou.
April 15: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Chouart, died June 22, 1711, Trois Rivieres daughter (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) and (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, b-1632. Godparents are Jean Guerin and (II)-Francoise Radisson, b-1636 Metis, (1635-1677) half sister of (II)-Marguerite Radisson b-1632.
May: Monsieur de la Citiere, L’Archevesque and Herosme upset a canoe returning from the Island of Orleans in heavy gale. Two Alguonquins, Jean de Noyon, a Jesuit domestic, departed Three Rivers on an embassy to Agnie, with Tigarihogen, 4 freed Iroquois Kebec prisoners, and three ambassadors from Oneiout.
May 1: Quebec marriage (I)-Mathurin Normandin (Sauvage) son Jean Normandin and Marie Desmaisons; married Suzanne Badeau epouse July 26, 1665 Kebec Jean De Rainville, daughter (I)-Jacques Badeau d-1658 and Anne Ardouin, likely sauvage. Tanguay suggests the name Normandin is Sauvage.
May 5: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jeanne Gervaise, Metis, daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621-1699); married January 17, 1678, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Jean Dupuis.
May 22: Quebec, birth (II)-Louis Prye son (I)-Nicolas Praye (Pre, Dupre) and (II)-Mathurine Buisson
June: LaRose says the ‘Flemish Bastard’ is leading five Iroquois canoes to make war on the French.
June 9: Montreal, birth/death, (II)-Gabriel Froget, Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis;
June 16: The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), arrived in Quebec. It is more than ten years before Quebec would be made an Episcopal Sea with the Jesuit Bishop Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) as the first Bishop (1674). The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), moved into a tiny two-story stone house, twenty by thirty feet in size and shared with three priests, a valet-cook and a gardener. Bishop Laval’s mission is to assert the supremacy of Church over State.
June 22: Montreal, birth (II)-Joseph Pichard son (I)-Jean Pichard and Louise Garnier
June 29: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Anne Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); 1st married November 11, 1681, Chateau Richer, Paschal Mercier; 2nd marriage 1697, Antoine Buteau.
July 7: L’Ange Gardien, Quebec (I)-Louis Garnaud aka Garneau also Guerineau (1634-1698) and (I)-Jacques Jacquereau b-1628 acquired three arpents of land on the coast of Bowsprit (L’Ange Gardiens, Quebec) and in 1660 entrusted land to (I)-Jacques Vesinat who married Marie Bourdon
July 8: Monsieur St. Denis departed Kebec for Tadousac by canoe. Antoine des Rosiers escaped from the Onontageronons, Iroquois near Lake Ontario, and arrived at Three Rivers.
August: Lespine set out from Kebec to hunt for seals at Isle Rouge. He would return in September with 220 seals. Sieur Maheu had, this month, set out from Kebec for the cod fishery at Isle Percee. This month 54 livres of beaver skins were stolen from the warehouse at Kebec.
August: The Coureurs des Bois (I)-Medard Chouart Sieur Des Groseilliers (1618-1695/98) and his brother-in-law (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) returned to the south shore of Lake Superior to Chequamegon, Miles Lacs area of (Wisconsin).
August 1: Thirty three canoes of the Attikameg and Piskatang arrived to trade from inland, and 6 canoes of Sault (Ojibwa). They asked for some French to join them on their return home.
August 6: Six canoes of the Nation of Sault (Ojibwa) arrived at Three Rivers, traveling inland routes, and had taken five months to trade. They requested some Frenchmen accompany them on their return.
August 10: Three Rivers, Marie Sauvahesse a slave of Joseph Claude Boucher of Niverville, Three Rivers being harassed by wife and his/her mother a Marguerite Chastelin attacked the older woman with a knife. The slave retreated to the attic and hung herself..
September: L’Epine, a Frenchman, is killed at Three Rivers by the Iroquois. Monsieur Denis Mill on Cap Diamans began to grind grain. The ship St. Andre arrived at Kebec with 130 passengers. 9-10 died during the passage of contagious fever. The contagion was passed to those in the settlement and some died.
September 7: Marguerite Bourgeoys and Jeanne Mance (1606-1673) arrived at the Mission of the Mountain of Montreal with 62 men and 47 women settlers, to establish the congregation of Notre Dame.
September 12: Guillaume Routier is taken captive by the Iroquois while fishing eels at Cap Rouge.
September 14: Quebec, birth (II)-Pierre Soumande, Metis son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
September 29: Quebec, birth (II)-Louise Picard daughter (I)-Jean Picard, d-1700, and (II)-Marie Caron, d-1660.; 1st married October 4, 1673Ste Anne, Louis Gagne; 2nd marriage October 12, Cap St. Ignace, Guillaume Lemieux.
October 4/18: Quebec, birth/death (II)-Pierre Rousseau son (I)-Symphorien Rousseau (1633-1688) and Jeanne Sinnallon.
October 5: Quebec, birth (II)-Therese Poirier, died September 26, 1693, Quebec, daughter (I)-Vincent Poirier dit Bellepoire, (1628-1703) and (II)-Francoise Pinguet, died May 30, 1661, veuve Pierre Delauney: married January 21, 1681, Quebec, Mathieu Guay
October 26: Montreal, death (I)-Sylvestre Vacher dit St. Julien, b-1622, killed by the Iroquois.
October 27: Quebec, birth Louise Chevalier, Metis, died September 29, 1703, Beauport daughter Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec: married Jacques Parent
November 4: Quebec, marriage (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere b-1630, died April 22, 1704 Ste Foye, Quebec son (I)-Louise Henri Pinguet; married (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis, daughter (I)-Charles Chevalier who lived 1645 Trois Rivieres, married a sauvagesse?, but not named.
November 17: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Cordeau dit Desloriers b-1636 and Catherine Latour dit Simonet Metis (1638-1678) most likely daughter of one of the LaTour brothers.
November 25: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Volant de St. Claude, Metis, daughter (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636: married 1675, (III)-Pierre Noel Le Gardeur..
November 27: Trois Tivieres, Quebec, birth, (II)-Louis Lafleur dit Couc, Metis, voyageur, he was assassinated in 1709, going to Albany, son (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699); 1st married 1681/3, Madeleine Sacokie, (Marie Sauvagesse); 2nd marriage January 7, 1687 St. Francois-du-Lac, Yamaska, Quebec Jeanne Quiquetig8k8e or Ouigatigocon, b-1656.
December: The Governor and Bishop of New France are in a childish struggle as to who has the higher place at social functions. They even squabble over who should be incensed first at Holy Mass.
December 31: Quebec, birth/death (II)-Jacques Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645.
1660
Twenty four marriages, one hundred thirteen births and forty seven deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Pierre Martin, b-1631 farmer, married 1660, Acadia, Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, b-1644; their four Metis children: Pierre 10, Rene 8, Andre 5, Jacques 2-1/2; cattle 11, sheep 6, 8 arpents of land. (1671 census)
(II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660, Acadia, son (I)-Philippe Muis D’Entremont, (1601-1701) and (I)-Madeline Helie Du Tillet, b-1626: married 1678 Acadia Marie Mi’Kmag
(I)-Quentin Moral (1622-1686) married 1660 or earlier Marie Marguerie (1620-1700) Quentin was involved in 29 court cases at Trois Riviers.
Birth (II)-Jeanne Racine, Metis, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married November 3, 1682, Chateau Richer, Jean Pare.
Some contend the Kings daughters and French marriageable daughters began arriving this year, others suggest they started in 1663. There was a growing concern in France that the Metis descendants are outnumbering the French descendents and if something isn’t done, French would become a minority in New France.
Port Royal, Acadia, (II)-Alexander Le Borgne (1640-1693) son (I)-Emmanuel Le Borgue (1610-1675) married (III)-Marie La Tour b-1654 daughter (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) and his 3rd wife Jeanne Motin.
Pierre Martin married 1660, Acadia, Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, sauvagesse
The Jesuits claim the engage system was originated some time before this date to increase the population of Quebec. Their terms of employment were 3 years. Many of these engages became Coureurs de Bois. Engages or indentured slaves however were employed as early as 1634.
About this time, the profession of cobblers or harness makers started in Quebec. They started producing French style shoes, but the population wanted Indian footwear. They adopted the Native moccasins and high soft boots that were water resistance. The trades were not governed by statutes and regulations of French guilds, despite repeated attempts by Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) to establish such regulations.
A prerequisite for remaining in the New France colony was the acceptance of the Roman Catholic Faith. (I)-Louis Garnaud (1634-1698) had the choice to return to France or stay and accept the one and only true faith. The confirmation of (I)-Louis Garnaud is February 24, 1660 in Fort Quebec. He declared his age as being 26 and said he was from Saumur, which is south east of Angers in France. Family tradition suggests he left France due to the religious persecution, and this may account for the name change and other discrepancies in the records of this time.
When (I)-Louis Garnaud (1634-1698) arrived, the French colonies on the St. Lawrence are in desperate straits due to the Iroquois’ constant attacks, and the total population is only some two thousand people. Liquor traffic, despite Lavel’s excommunication decree, is in full swing as an important trade item. (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) and (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618-1696) are the best known traders at this time in Lake Michigan, Lake Superior and the Sault Ste Marie region. They established trading posts at Chequamegon, along the south shore of Lake Michigan. This area contained groups of displaced Wendat and Ottawa Natives, driven west by the Iroquois.
This spring the Coureurs des Bois (I)-Medard Chouart Sieur Des Groseilliers (1618-1696) and his brother-in-law (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) explored the north shore of Lake Superior near Pigeon River.
The French are aware that 300 leagues southward from the end of Lake Superior is the Bay of St. Esprit, in the Gulf of Mexico on the coast of Florida. About 200 leagues is a river that empties into the Vermillion Sea (California). It is also known that the Savages who live 60 leagues west of Lake Superior are trading with Europeans who are in the area.
(I)-Nicolas Perrot (1644-1717), son Nicolas Perrot, raised by the Jesuits, arrived in New France indentured to the Jesuits.
Meanwhile, Father (I)-Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) inspired decree established working guidelines for the Colony. The intent was to ensure the bondage of young people to land and, therefore, religion. The order is for parents of New France to see their sons married by twenty and daughters by sixteen or appear in court. The Father must appear in court every six-months until the unwed child has found a mate. Many girls promised in marriage are as young as ten or twelve. This fanatical Church Indenture Decree is to ensure the religious and economic monopoly of the Church. The following Indenture laws made this perfectly clear:
* Merchants are not permitted to hold meetings for discussion of business matters. (this is to discourage free trade thinking),
* No one could trade in foreign goods. (non French goods)
* It is illegal for townspeople to rent houses or rooms to tenants from the country; the fine being 100 livre. (to retain a peasant population)
* Licenses had to be obtained to hire domestic servants. (to keep track of single people)
* Farmers are forbidden to move into town on pain of being fined fifty livre and having all their goods and chattels confiscated. (to secure a peasant population)
* Country folk must not own more than two horses or mares and one foal. (this effectively restricting prosperity),
* People are not permitted to sit on benches in front of their houses after nine in the evening. (they are expected to pro-create)
* Prohibitions on the possession of all books, save the lives of the Saints and similar volumes of devotional nature. (to prevent freethinking).
This religiously sponsored decree and Royal supported policy, drove men into the woods (runners of the woods). The exodus was so great that, at one time, the loss to the town is a quarter of the effective population. The Indenture Decree did much to encourage the growing Voyagers and ‘Bois Brule’ (Metis) population. Many of the regulations are directly traceable to the clerical influence and their egotistical insistence of importing their ideal European beliefs and values into the New Country. The decrees forced the Voyager French to align more closely with the Native beliefs and values and away from Roman and French values.
The English under the reign of King Charles II (1660-1785) shipped convicts to the colonies, New England, Maryland, Virginia and the West Indies. These included juvenile delinquents who stole food, felons, habitual criminals and highwaymen who could save their lives if they could read. Their indenture was for seven years, then they earned their freedom. Many were also engaged the in kidnapping young boys and girls, who are spirited on board colony bound ships that are sold in bondage to recover the costs of this slave trade. Those who attempted to escape are whipped, adding months or years to their indenture. Because of King Charles II (1660-1785) persecution of the Quakers in England, severe laws are passed in every colony except Rhode Island. Quakers are whipped and imprisoned, in New York they are tortured, and in Boston, hanged.
Richelieu Island, a fort siege by 200 Iroquois that expanded to over 500, in the next 10 days of the siege. The fort fell and all the French are killed.
Kabec, 4 ships arrived, the Saint Jean at 100 tonnage from Normandie with captain Elie Raymond, a ship lands at Perce with captain Lefbvre, a ship de La Rochelle captain Pointel and a second ship de la Rochelle.
The parish Chateau Richer aka La-Visitation-de-Notre-Dame-du-Château-Richer is established this year.
The parish Hotel de Quebec is established this year.
January: Seven persons presented themselves to the Jesuits to settle in Beauport New France.
January 7: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage, (II)-Laurent Archambault, b-1642, (Metis?) b-1642, son (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married January 7, 1660, Ville-Marie (Montreal) Catherine Marchand.
January 11: Coste de Beaupre aka L’Ange Gardien, Quebec (Audourt) (I)- Louis Guerineau aka Garnaud (1634-1698) and Jean Jacquereau had entrusted to Jacques Vesinat (Vezina), by contract the ground #9 qu ils acquired by Jean Baptiste Halle on July 7, 1658 (Audouart) others suggest November 30, 1657. Ground #9 is 3 arpents by 126 arpents. (I)- Louis Guerineau aka Garnaud (1634-1698) then returned to Quebec to work.
January 31: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Prevost, Metis, son (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620; married 1680, (II)-Francoise Leblanc, b-1662 daughter (I)-Leonard Leblanc, Francoise epouse February 18, 1709, Montreal, Pierre Delorme.
February: Permission to eat eggs for this year was published everywhere. Cheese was not spoken of, permission to eat it was taken for granted, as in the case of butter. The French do not commonly like eggs unless they are soft, but the Savages declare that soft eggs are still quite raw, therefore they have them boiled hard to eat.
February 14: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Prevost, Metis, son (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Olivier Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626- 1665); married 1680, Francoise Leblanc.
February 19; Quebec, birth (II)-Vincent Vachon, Metis, died December 4, 1716, Beauport, son (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married June 25, 1685 Beauport, Louise Cadieu
February 24: Cathedral of the upper town of Quebec (I)- Louis Garnaud aka Guerineau (1634-1698) is confirmed at age 26
April: Long Sault rapids: (I)-Adam Dollard (1635-1660) with 17 Frenchmen, 44 Huron and a handful of Algonquin, were intent on ambushing an Iroquois trade canoe. They, however, encountered a 300 man Iroquois army. The Indians immediately fled, but the French fought for 7 days and tried to bomb the Iroquois. The keg of gunpowder snagged and they blew themselves up. Nine survived but were executed by the Iroquois.
April: Tadoussac, marriage (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1690) son (I)-Nicolas Pelletier and (I)-Jeanne Du Roussy b-1614; married Dorthee sauvagesse (1613-1661) Dorthee died L’Hopital de Quebec.
May: Long Sault, (I)-Hebert b-1633, d-1660, killed by the Iroquois.
May 5: Father Francois de Lavel (1623-1708), vicar apostolic, excommunicated all residents of New France who sold liquor to the Indians. In retaliation, the traders at Tadoussac tried to prevent Druillettes and Jacque Fremin from visiting the trading post.
May 21: Jean Dechamire Lecompte is killed by the Iroquois at Long Sault, Quebec.
May 25: Jean Peronne Dumesnil (d-1667) is sent to Quebec to audit all fur-trading transactions of the Company of New France since 1645. The Company is in severe financial difficulty.
June: Quebec, arrival Jean Pere, Adrien Jollet brother of Louis Jollet.
August 10: Quebec, marriage (II)-Francois Miville son (I)-Pierre Miville; 1st married August 10, 1660 Quebec, (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis, born August 19, 1636 Kabec, died August 15, 1687; 2nd marriage November 7, 1692 Riviere Ouelle, Jeanne Savonet, died March 12, 1721 Riviere Ouelle, veuve Damien Berube.
August 22/24: The Groseillier/Radisson Expedition returned to Trois Riveres with 300 men and many furs. The Jesuits reported that 100 canoes departed Lake Superior, but that 40 canoes turned back. The remaining 60 canoes contained 200,000 livres of pelts a fortune in furs. There was a great celebration by the people at Trois Rivieres upon their return. However, because they were Coureurs des Bois and not an official French expedition, the Governor imprisoned them. The popular heroes were heavily fined and their trade goods were seized. The lack of vision would cost Kebec dearly. The Hudson Bay and many of their young men who would flood to the interior as Coureurs des Bois.
September 19: Beaupre aka L’Ange Gardien, Quebec (Audourt): (I)-Louis Garnault aka Garnaud and Guerineau (1634-1698) took a lease on the ground of Jacques Vauclin dit Rose, (Jacques Vauclin Larose) ground #10 next to his and Jacques Jacquereau holding of #9.
October 12: Quebec, Marriage, (III)-Joseph Hebert, Metis, born November 3, 1636, Kebec son (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) and Helene Desportes, b-1620 epouse January 9, 1640, Kebec, Noel Morin.
November 18, Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis daughter (I)-Jean Cordeau dit Desloriers b-1636 and Catherine Latour dit Simonet Metis (1638-1678); married January 23, 1681 Quebec (I)-Jean Vincent Beriau.(1653-1715)
November 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Louis Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)- Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; believed died shortly after birth?
November 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Joseph Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)- Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; believed died shortly after birth?
November 28: Father (I)-Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) held a meeting of the church wardens and stated that Governor Pierre de Voyer Vicomte d’Argenson (1658-1661) was no longer an honorable Churchwarden; and this without having told him of it. This is likely motivated by the Governor supporting the condemnation of Father Vaillant last year. The Governor of New France informed the wardens and Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) that he had not the power to remove him. Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) whipped two children, Charles Couillard and Ignace de Repentigny, for saluting the Governor before saluting Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708).
December 10: Quebec, birth (II)-Bertrand Rate, Metis, died December 25, 1660, Quebec, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645.
1661
The mission Chateau Richer de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Thirty one marriages, one hundred fourteen births and fifty deaths are recorded in New France.
Birth (III)-Xainte Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married November 11, 1681, Chateau Richer, Thomas Fortin.
Pierre Martin, Metis, b-1661, Acadia, son Pierre Martin, b-1631 and Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, b-1644; (source 1671 census)
Trois Rivers, Quebec, birth (III)-Marie Angelique Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, died January 7, 1750, Pte du Lac, daughter (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699); married August 3, 1682, Sorel, (I)-Francois Delpee dit Saint Cerny (Singerny (Sincerni) also St. Cerny (Cerni) and also known as Montour, b-1640, died December 15, 1725, aux Trois Rivers.
Port Royal, Acadia, (III)-Jacques Le Borgne b-1661 son (II)-Alexander La Borgne (1640-1693) and (III)-Marie La Tour b-1654; married Anne Melancon.
Louis XIV (1661-1715), age 22, assumed the Royal seat in France with the regent Queen Mother Anne of Austria. (I)-Pierre Du Bois, Baron d’Avaugour (Davaugour) (died 1664), Governor of New France August 31, 1661 to July 23, 1663, is the last Governor to serve Compagnie des Centassocies. He removed restrictions on the brandy trade with the Natives so Bishop Lavel (1623-1708) had him recalled to France. It is noteworthy that Bishop Lavel (1623-1708), a Jesuit, was a political appointment to undermine the Governor’s rule using overlapping roles and responsibilities with the Governor.
(I)-Medard Chouart Sieur Des Groseilliers (1618-1695/98) a Coureurs des Bois and, with another Coureurs des Bois (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710), this year, attempted in vain to have a third expedition approved into the north west, but was refused by the Governor. This French stupidity would have profound implications on the French culture in Canada and the United States. It is noteworthy that the European culture, at this time, only allowed aristocratic gentlemen to conduct exploration and only if accompanied by a priest. This included the English, French and Spanish. They ventured to Boston in 1662 for an expedition to the Cree’s North Bay via an ocean route, but were rejected. After being rejected on all fronts, they decided to approach England. This would take a few years to achieve.
Daniel Voil, an Englishman, is executed in New France for crimes which included smuggling, witchcraft and blasphemy. New France servants posses not one political right, they are forbidden to hold public meetings without official permission or to solicit signatures to a petition.
Charles Le Moyne de Longueuil et de Chateauguay (1626-1685)
During the past two years, fifty eight settlers are killed and fifty-nine captured by the Iroquois. The Church contends that alcohol is the cause and demands the shooting of two French men and the whipping of one for selling brandy to the Natives. (I)-Charles Garnier (born 1636), and who later settled in L’Ange Gardien, is a witness to a transaction between (I)-Louis Garnaud (1634-1698) and his future neighbor, (I)-Jean Jacquereau (b-1628). The transaction is probably the acquisition of property at L’Ange Gardien that would be necessary to attract a future wife.
Photo of the Garneau homestead.
Garneau homestead The view is to the south on the St. Lawrence River.
(I)-Louis Garnaud (1634-1698) joined twenty-one farmers in the colony and tried to organize a parish at L’Ange Gardien. (I)-Louis Garnaud’s farm is very close to the Montmorency River which falls 250 feet from a former arm of the St. Lawrence River.
The following is a listing of his immediate neighbors:
(I)-Charles Garnier (b-1636) married (II)-Marie Louise Vesina and second marriage Gertrude Couillart,
Raymond Paget alias Quercy and Charles Couillart Des Islets, Is this (I)-Raymond Pagets who arrive Kebec 1619??
Jacques Marette alias Lespine (b-1631) married 1660 Marie Paget (b-1648),
(I)-Rene Brisson (b-1635) married 1665 Anne Vesina (b-1651),
Pierre Maheust Des Hazards,
(I)-Jean Trudel (b-1629) married 1655 (I)-Marguerite Thomas (b-1634),
(I)-Laurent Gignard (b-1636) married Marie Elisabeth Sorin (b-1641),
(I)-Jean Jacquereau (b-1628) married 1663 Catherine Guiot (b-1646),
(I)-Jean Clement alias Lapointe (b-1626) married 1659 Madeline Surget (b-1638),
Francis Herbert alias Le Comte De Roussy,
Pierre Gendreau alias La Poussiere,
(I)-Jacques Goulet (b-1615) married Marguerite Maillier (b-1631),
(I)-Robert De La Laberge (b-1638) married 1663 Francoise Gausse (b-1634),
(I)-Pierre Tremblay b-1626 married 1657 Ozanne Achon (b-1633). Possible son (I)-Pierre Tremblay who arrived Kebec 1619 and his son is a possible Metis?
The following settlers are no longer at L’Ange Gardien by 1680 or are recorded by another name but were part of the original settlers:
Antoine Andrieux,
(I)-Michael Henault (b-1636) married 1662 Genevieve Macre (b-1636),
Antoine Gaboury,
(I)-Antoine Lefort (b-1646) married 1666 Marie Doyon (b-1652),
Louis Lesage,
Louis Socier married 1671 Marguerite Gaillard Duplessis,
Jacques Nourry.
The savages destroy Fort Tadoussac.
Some clain Despres Coutaire was sent by Pierre de Voyer (1625-1709?), Governor of New France (1658-1661) to discover the North West Passage to India but they failed. However in 1663 Coutaire is claimed to have reached Hudson Bay and claimed it for France. I was unable to find a Coutaire in New France.
Quebec, 4 ships arrived, the Marie at 400 tonnage with captain J. Pingault, the Taureau at 150 tonnage with captain Tadourneau, the Marguerite at 300 tonnage from La Rochelle with captain Guillaume Heuron and the Saint Pierre with captain Pierre Philie.
February 2: Trois Riviers, marriage (I)-Rene Besnard dit Bourjoli, b-1658 to (II)-Marie Sedilot, b-1629, Rene was involved in 22 court cases in Trois Riviers
March 25: (I)- Louis Garnault aka Garnaud and Guerineau aka Garneau (1634-1698) yielded his lease #10 in Beaupre aka L’Ange Gardien to Pierre Nony?, others suggest to (I)-Jacques Jacquereau b-1628 for 500 pounds.
April 13: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jean Gervaise, Metis, died December 18, 1672 Ville-Marie (Montreal), son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married January 17, 1678, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Jean Dupuis.
June 7: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Antoinette Chouart daughter (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) and (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, b-1632: 1st married 1679 Jean Jalot; 2nd marriage December 19, 1695, Montreal, Jean baptiste Bouchard
June 24: d’Orleans, death (II)-Nicolas Couillard is killed on the Island d’Orleans with Mr. Jean de Lauron. Nicolas is burried with the English of Quebec.
July 13: Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Fournier, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married 1685 Barbe Girard.
July 20: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth Pierre la Moyne d’Iberville died July 9, 1706 son Charles Le Moyne de Longueuil et de Chateauguay (1626-1685) a very wealthy and influential merchant and Catherine Thierry Primot. Pierre is classified as a greedy man with a lust for conquest for personal financial gain, but is dedicated to France. During his lifetime he used cruelty and generosity as he saw fit.
August 7: Quebec, birth Francois Chevalier, Metis, died December 19, 1661, Quebec son Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec
September 26: Quebec, marriage (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Pelletier (1596-1679) and Jeanne Roussy, sauvagesse (1622-1689) (Doc Lussier suggests she is Micmac from Porty Royal); 1st married Dorthee La Sauvagesse, died April 13, 1661; 2nd marriage September 26, 1661 (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau.
September 30: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Lefebvre, Metis, died October 3, 1745, Trois Rivieres son (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married September 3, 1731, Nicolet, Marie Louise Daniau.
October 7: Quebec, Daniel Vvil was shot rather than being hung, as was La Violette.
October 10: Quebec, one Frenchman was flogged for having traded brandy to the Savages.
October 14: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Soumande, Metis son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
October 16: Quebec, birth, (IV)-Joseph Hebert, Metis, son (III)-Joseph Hebert, Metis, b-1636 and Helene Desportes, b-1620 epouse January 9, 1640, Kebec, Noel Morin.
October 18: Quebec, birth (III)-Marie Anne Pinguet, Metis, died July 12, 1687, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; married November 24, 1676 Quebec (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1751.
December 5: L’Ange Gardien, Quebec (Auber): (I)-Louis Garnault aka Garnauld and Guerineau later Garneau (1634-1698) yielded to Jean Jacquereau, his associate, then established on the ground #16, his share of work qu ils had carried out jointly on the grounds quils had together so much with the Cote de Beaupre qu a l ile dOrleans, for the sum of 500 pounds. They had ground in common on Island Orleans and with the Coste de Beaupre.
December 21/26, Quebec, birth/death (III)-Antoine Pelletier, Metis, son (II)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1698) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704)
1662
Thirty nine marriages, one hundred forty four births and thirty four deaths are recorded in New France.
Thirty seven Fillies a Marier arrived Quebec this year with no support of the King.
New France now has 3,300 permanent residents.
Starting this year commerce with New France is open to all merchants. Prior to this it was highly controlled.
Birth (II)-Marie Jeanne Chouart daughter (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) and (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, b-1632
(II)-Marie Angelique Couc, aka Caou, Metis, b-1662, died January 7, 1750 Pointe du Lac, daughter (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Miteameg8k8e (1631-1699) an Algonquine; married January 7, 1682, Sorel Francois Delpe aka St. Cerny/St. Sorny/ St. Serny
Angelique Couc dit Lafleur, Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur, (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (1631-1699) an Algonquine, she 1st married 1645 Assababich b-1620 and they had two children.
Birth (II)-Madeleine Marsolet, Metis, died February 27, 1677, daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre:
A Ville-Marie (Montreal) tribunal convicted Rene Besnard of casting a spell of impotence over his former-lover’s husband Pierre Gadois. Besnards was imprisoned. In 1665 Bishop Laval annuled the still-barren marriage of Pierre Gadois and Marie Pontonnier on the grounds of “permanent impotence caused by witchcraft”. Pierre’s 2nd wife bore him 12 children.
Father (I)-Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) departed for France to request King Louis XIV to terminate the Company of New France because, he contends, they are not adequately supporting the Roman Catholic Church. A coil of fiery serpent is seen in the sky. Later, a great ball of fire passed over the colony to the northwest. The clergy used this as a sign to entrench their religious views.
Thomas Temple (1615-1674) became Governor of Acadia ( Nova Scotia), but is forced to restore the colony to France in 1670.
The French established a small fishing settlement at Placentia, Newfoundland.
Quebec, commerce is opened to all merchants and 11 ships arrived this year, the Notre Dame de Bonne Nouvrelle at 200 tonnage with captain Jacques Jamain, the Aigle Blanc at 80 tonnage with captain Elie Raymond, the Petit Saint Jean, the Armes de Zelande at 250 tonnage with captain Janvier de Combes, the Saint Jean Baptiste at 150 tonnage with captain Guillaume Heurtin, the Flute Royale at 300 tonnage a Royale vessel with captain Guyon, the Aigle d’Or at 300 tonnage a Royal vessel with captain Nicolas Garnot dit Jambe de Bois (aka Peg Leg), the Fortune Doree at 140 tonnage with captain Francois Janot and two unnamed Royal vessels.
January: (I)- Louis Garnault aka Guerineau and Garnaud (1634-1698) is working for the account of (I)-Jacques LeRoy, an inhabitant who lived on the third ground east of Montmorency River, Quebec. This #3 ground was eventually turned over to France for unrecorded reasons.
February 23: The Ordinary or Prelate can forbid, under penalty of excommunication ipso facto, the Europeans to sell alcohol, and treat as excommunicated those who will prove disobedient and intractable.
February 27, Quebec, birth (II)-Augustin Cordeau, Metis son (I)-Jean Cordeau dit Desloriers b-1636 and Catherine Latour dit Simonet Metis (1638-1678)
May 6: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)- Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married November 14, 1679 Trois Riviers Bernard Joachim
May 16: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Prevost, Metis, died May 12, 1737, son (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620; married August 18, 1683, Beauport, Marie Anne Giroux; 2nd marriage February 3, 1712, Ste Foye, Genevieve Sedilot.
May 6: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Ursule Pepin Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)- Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married 1st Nicolas Geoggroy; married 2nd November 30, 1680 Louis Pinard
May 28; Quebec, birth (II)-Louise Vachon, Metis, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married 1679 Champlain, Leonard Paillart.
June 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Batiste Prevost, Metis, son (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Olivier Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626- 1665); married May 4, 1690, Quebec, Francoise Cadieu.
July 25: (I)- Louis Garnault aka Garnaud and Guerineau (1634-1698) went to see (I)-Laurent Denis b-1635 and borrowed 25 pounds and 15 grounds from him. From the profits he purchased 2 arpents facing LeRoy grounds to the western/south. This ground had 5 arpents of face and (I)-Jean Grignon b-1636 bought the 3 arpents remaining.
July 26:: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Martineau dit LaPile, to Claire Morin de N.-D. de Mortagne, au Perche, Normandie, France, died March 29, 1666, Quebec.. epouse November 30, 1636, Kebec (I)-Jamen Bourguignon, d-1660
July 29: Montreal, birth, (II)-Marguerite Froget, Metis, died July 26, 1704 St. Francois, Ill Jesus, daughter (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis; 1st married 1681, Montreal, Jean Muloin; 2nd marriage, 1695, Montreal Jean Berloin
August 14: Ste Familie, birth (II)-Etienne Racine, Metis, died January, 1722 Ste Anne, son of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married October 25, 1683, St. Francois, I.O., Catherine Guyon.
August 21: Quebec, marriage (II)-Jean Pelletier Metis (1647-1692) son (I)-Nicolas Peltier dit Marolles (1596-1679) and Jeanne de Voisy (Roussey) Indian/Metis (1622-1689) to Marie Genevieve Manevely De Rainville
August 25: Thirty five Iroquois attacked 14 Frenchmen on a small Island near Ville-Marie (Montreal). Monsieur Brignac and two other Frenchmen stood their ground but the other 11 fled. Brignac killed the Captain of the Iroquois on the first assault, they retreated and fired on the deserting Frenchmen killing or wounding some of them. The next assault saw Monsieur Vignal being killed and Brignac being wounded. As prisons of war Brignac was killed and Rene Fresne was adopted into the tribe.
Autumn: We saw fiery serpents, over Quebec, we beheld a great ball of fire, which illuminated the night almost with the splendor of day. This same meteor appeared over Ville-Marie (Montreal).
September 19: Quebec, marriage (I)-Laurent Du Bocq (Dubeau), b-1636, married Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, sauvagesse, died November 1, 1689, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter Joachim, de la Conception.
September 23: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671)?? to Catherine Annennontank, Huronne, Anota, Annanonis, Ananontha, b-1649, Epouse 1672 (I)- Jacques Couturier b-1646.
September 26: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671), married Catherine Kateri Annennontak (Annannontok), Huronne, sauvagesse, born October 1648 Georgian Bay, near Lake Huron, daughter Nicolas Arendanke and Jeanne Otrihoandat;. epouse July 22, 1702 Quebec, Fancois du Carreau.
October 14: Sillery, birth (III)-Marie Angelique Pelletier Metis daughter (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau; married 1st Francois Baillac; 2nd marriage May 25, 1709 Trois Rivieres Antoine De Gerlais..
November 6: Quebec, marriage (II)-Louis Cote, Metis, born October 25, 1635, d-1669, son (I)-Jean Cote d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis; and married (I)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis daughter (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoice Grenier (Garnier) d-1665, sauvagesse: Elizabeth epouse December 15, 1669, Quebec Guillaume Lemieux
December 26: Quebec, birth (II)-Jacques Rate, Metis, d-1666, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645.
1663
Sixty seven marriages, one hundred forty three births and thirty five deaths are recorded in New France.
Between (1634 to 1663) 262 Fillies a Marier, girls from France sponsored by individuals for marriage in New France were recruited
The Ursuline reported they were educating between 60-80 Indian girls as future wives of Frenchmen. Some only last a few hours, to a few days, to a few months. Some left to marry Frenchmen before their education was completed.
Rene Martin, Metis, b-1663, Acadia, son Pierre Martin, b-1631 and Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, b-1644; (1671 census)
Some suggest Father (I)-Claude Jean Allouez (1613-1689) was made governor of all Natives and Traders of the Northwest Wilderness.
Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619–83) was concerned that the French population was mainly unmarried males, many of whom interbred freely with the Indians, wasting their seeds among the pagans instead of increasing the strength of the colony. It is noteworthy that most of these Metis children went unrecorded and left in the hands of the mother for rearing.
Trois Tivieres, Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, daughter (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1665) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699).
(I)-Jean Verdon, b-1613, d-1663, Chateau Richer.
King Louis XIV issued an edict, taking all the assets of the Company of New France, making New France a Royal Province. In return, he sent hundreds of troops to deal with the Iroquois. Louis Gaudais Dupont appointed special agent for New France to take possession in the name of the King. He is commanded to take a census of New France, its economy, its lack of women and girls so that provisions can be made for sending some in coming years. The Hundred Associates, this year, abandon their seigniorial rights to the French crown.
King Louis XIV established a Superior Council of Quebec to resolve pressing problems, being composed of the governor, a senior cleric and five others whom they will choose jointly, and an Attorney General to be governed by the laws of the Kingdom. The council can establish lower courts at Quebec, Three Rivers and Ville-Marie (Montreal). Augustin de Saffray Mezy (1663-65) is appointed Governor.
The French King Louis XIV, himself, nominated the Bishop of New France as part of his campaign to bring the Roman Catholic Church under his control. This is a reaction to the previous Jesuit rule of both France and New France.
The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), lost his power and the authority to appoint members to the Sovereign Council of New France. As a result, his influence declined and his attendance at Council became less frequent. He lost this privilege because he squabbled with the Governor of New France and had been trying to regain Jesuit power in the colony over temporal matters.
Augustin de Mezy de Saffray is appointed Governor of New France.
A Ville-Marie (Montreal) resident was fined 10 livres for plowing in plain view on a Sunday.
Seventeen ‘Young Ladies’ (Filles du Roi) arrived in Quebec this year.
(I)-Marie Mazoue (1644-1703) baptized a Calvinist La Rochelle, Aunis, France daughter Etienne Mazoue and Marie Merand departed La Rochelle, Aunis, France (Charente Maritime). Her dowry of four hundred pounds included three hundred pounds from her godmother, Marie Flacquemesle. Her dowry suggests a high probability that she is one of the King’s Daughters or Fillies du Roi.
It is noteworthy that the term ‘Filles du Roi’ was not used at this time and likely became popular about 1700. At this time they were called ‘girls’ or ‘young ladies’
King’s Daughters The King’s Daughters are defined, by some, as the period of 1663 to 1673, where the King provided dowry for poor or adventurous young girls, some as young as sixteen, who would immigrate to New France. This is likely based on the doubling of the number of marriages of this year over last year (39 vs 67). Others suggest this practice started in 1660 rather than 1663. The Jesuit Relations suggest girls or young ladies were being sent to New France as early as 1639. Jean Baptiste Cilbert ordered the scouring of orphanages for robust girls of good character as filles du Roi for Kebec.
The reality of the times, these early young ladies of the King (Filles du Roi) were gathered from the streets of Paris and other towns. The program was to sweep clean the streets of homeless woman. Female criminals, prostitutes, orphans and the poor were gathered up for export to New France.
However, some suggest that before1660, the girl’s relatives paid the dowry and the girls were known as filles des marier or marriageable daughters. Others suggest few girls actually received the promised dowry. The estimate, including the Kings daughters, is that four thousand eight hundred and ninety four girls arrived from 1608 to 1700 in New France. The Kings daughters were to receive a dowry of one hundred livres (only 5 of 606 sampled received this amount), ten for personal and moving expenses, thirty for clothing and sixty for passage. Included is a hope chest filled with necessities such as needles, thread and cloth. The records indicate that the Province of origin of the eight hundred and fifty two Fillies du Roi, who arrived during 1663 to 1673, was as follows:
314 Ide De France 5 Brie
153 Normandy 5 Berry
86 Aunis 5 Auvergne
43 Champange 4 Limousin
38 Poitou 3 Angoumois
22 Anjou 3 Provence
22 Beauce 3 Savoie
19 Maine 2 Franche-Comte
19 Orleanais 2 Gascogne
This year there are six bachelors for every girl of marrying age, 12 years or older, in the colony. The average age of the men is 22.2 years. The statistics are 67 marriages, 143 births, 35 deaths and 108 excedant (single or surplus) in New France. (I)-Marie Mazoue (1644-1703) arrived with thirty King’s girls between the ages of twelve and forty-five. It is the custom to deport any pregnant girl who arrived. The Priests and Notaries are on hand with the expectation that the girls will select her husband upon arrival. Given the shortages of women, the men are on their best behavior, and extensive questioning takes place as to their economic status with health being a priority. (I)-Marie Mazoue (1644-1703), age 19, with her dowry of four hundred and fifty pounds, could be more discerning as to his character, beliefs and values, as was her priority. She could afford to select a young man.
The men’s preference is for peasant girls because they are healthy and industrious. The men prefer the plumpest girls first. They overlook a bad complexion or squint if the figure is buxom, as this is considered a sign of fertility. The marriage follows selection, priests being on hand to conduct the ceremony and notaries to make out the necessary papers. The State gives each couple an ox, cow, two pigs, a pair of chicken, two barrels of salted meat and eleven crowns in money.
The Filles du Roi first question was about the Suitor’s home, finances, land and occupation. Marie de I’lincarnation says: “The smarest [among the suitors] began making an habitation one year before getting married, because those with an habitation find a wife easier. It’s the first thing that the girls ask about, wisely at that, since those who are not established suffer greatly before being comfortable.” The average interval between arrival and marriage is four to five months, although the average interval for girls aged 12 to 16 was slightly longer than fifteen months.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1663 and entered into contract of marriage
Marie-Anne Agatha, married. Armand, Laurent,
Mary Albert, married. Jean Chauveau, dit Lafleur,
Marguerite Ardion, b-1638, a protestant, a widow and child Laurent Beaudet, married Jean Rabouin.
Catherine Barré, married. Nicolas Roy
Catherine De Boisandré, married . Marc-Antoine Gobelin dit Cinq-Mars, said his name was Cinq-Mars
Francoise Brunet, b-1635, widow 1st married 1654 Martin Durand, came with two children, married 1663 Theodore Sureau dit Elder
Louise Charrier, married. Guillaume (William) Baret,
Marie-Madeleine De Chevrainville, said Lafontaine, married. Joseph-Isaac Lamy,
Helen Dufiguier, married. Jacques Fournier, Sieur Delaville,
Catherine Dupuis, married. Charles Martin,
Mary Faucon, married Guillaume Chartier; 2nd marriage 1708 François Jocteau,
Anne Labbé, Anne married. Guillaume Gilles, (in France), 2nd marriage 1663 Marc Girard,
Marie Lafaye, married. Rene Emond,
Catherine Fievre, married. Charles Allaire, Charles,
Louise Gargotten , b-1637, married Daniel Perron dit Suire
Anne Lemaître, married. Adrien Blanquet dit La Fougère,
Susan De Licerace, married. Michel Bisson, dit Amos, said his name was Amos
Francoise Moisan, married. Antoine Brunet, Antoine, dit Belhumeur, said his name is Belhumeur; 2nd marriage 1707, Pierre Perthuis, dit Lalime, said his name is Lalime,
Marguerite Moitié, married. Joseph-Élie Gauthier,
Catherine Paulo b-1645, married Etienne Canpeau
Marguerite Peuvier, b-1640, married Jacques Meneux dit Chateauneuf; 2nd marriage 1696 Guillaume Lizot
Catherine Pillant, b-1650, married Pierre Charon dit Ducharme
Marie Targer, married Jean Royer; 2nd marriage 1676 Robert Tourneroche,
Masthurine Thibault, married. Jean Milot, dit Bourguignon,
Marie Valade b-1647, married Jean Baptiste Cadieux; 2nd marriage 1682 Philippe Boudier,
Populating this list it is fairly obvious that records compiled in France did not accompany the girls. Some created a family name upon arrival because they didn’t possess one or didn’t know it or they created it during the promise of marriage phase. Place of birth was also created in some cases. The names of some husbands was also created during the process.
Roomers persist that some of the King’s girls are the prostitutes of France. The authorities continue to deny this claim. If they behave badly on the trip over, they are sent back, But in reality few, if any, are returned. Many poor girls, however, are sent against their wishes.
Once married, women were the property of her husband. She could never get a divorce, and could not get a separation unless he beat her with a stick thicker than his wrist. For all intent and purpose, she was a slave. The savages thought this practice was barbaric and belittled women, the givers of life.
The population of New France is two thousand, five hundred, of whom eight hundred are in Fort Quebec. This is an increase of only 500 over the past ten years.
The Church, at this time, also held about one tenth of the seigniorial lands in the St. Lawrence valley.
Quebec becomes the capital city of New France.
January 7: Three suns are seen in the sky at once over New France.
January 15: Three suns are again seen in the sky at once over New France.
January 24: Quebec, La Badaude’s house was robbed, and the thief, Larose, set fire to it to conceal his crime; he was convicted and hanged. Several other thieves were found out, but few were punished.
February 5: Just before the Great Earthquake, Quebec was in carnival, orgies, drinking bouts, and dances, not to speak of some things more serious, which may offend chaste ears and are better passed over in silence than mentioned. Heaven and earth have spoken to us many times during this year.
February 5, 5:30P.M.: A great earthquake, centered near the mouth of the Saguenay River, shook the whole country, and some people thought the world was about to end. The priests used this natural phenomenon as a sign to align the people with their beliefs and values. Father (I)-Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673) wrote: “Mountains were swallowed up, forests were changed into great lakes, rivers disappeared, thunder rumbled beneath our feet, which belched forth flames.” The Savages say: “All the woods were drunken.” Pikes and lances of fire were seen, waving in the air. At Three Rivers: The first and severest of all the shocks began with a rumbling like that of thunder, the house were shaken like tree tops during a storm, amid a noise that made people think there was a fire crackling in their garrets. Both shores of the St. Lawrence River for 300 miles are strewn with uprooted trees. The first shock lasted 1/2 hour and was felt beyond Ville-Marie (Montreal) to Acadia and New England. The after shocks continued for more than 6 months, well into August, some suggested until September 9. Not a person lost his life or even his earthly possessions.
The shocks which continued for months and, in September (some say December, see note end 1663), an eclipse of the sun are used by Father Jerome Lalemant to a revival of piety. Lalwmant also used this natural phenomena to terrorize the Savages.
February 20: (I)- Louis Garnault aka Garnaud and Guerineau (1634-1698) at age 29 became sedentary on the territory of the Coste de Beaupre, that was later called the Guardian Angel.
February 24: Quebec, birth Jean Chevalier, Metis, son Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec: married February 25, 1686 Beauport, Marie Madeleine Lvisse
February 24: The French Crown acquired all assets of the Company of New France, making New France a Royal Colony.
April 17: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Francoise Volant de St. Claude, Metis,died July 1663. Trois Rivieres, daughter (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636.
April 22, Quebec, birth (III)-Jean Pelletier, Metis, d-1739 son (II)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1698) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); married January 8, 1689, Riviere Ouelle, (II)-Marie Anne St. Laurent Huot born January 6, 1666 Riviere Ouelle veuve Louis Garnaut.
May 1: Augustin de Saffray de Mezy is appointed Royal Governor of New France from September 15, 1663 to May 5, 1665.
May 7: Louis Gaudais Dupont is appointed special commissioner for New France to take possession in the name of the King.
May 29: Sieur de Beaulier and his valet is burned to death in his home on the Island de Orleans being set by another valet who was convicted. It was ordered that his hand be cut off, and to be hanged and burnt, which was carried out June 8.
June: Quebec, (I)-Marie Mazoue also Masoue, (1644-1713) arrived Quebec in the Phoenix de Flessingue ship of 200 barrels. She was a girl of the King and had an estimated 150 pounds, plus a gift from her godmother of 300 pounds.
June 2: Quebec, (I)-Jacques Gourdeau b-1614 or 1624, was assonated and his house burned downed to hide the murder.
June 18: Quebec, birth (III)-Francoise Miville. Metis, died December 6, 1727Cap St. Ignace, daughter, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687; married November 16, 1680 Cap St. Ignace, Pierre Richard.
June 24: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis, baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal); 1st married November 21, 1686 (II)-Laprairie Jeanne Leber b-1671, died December 4, 1687 Laprairie daughter (I)-Jean Leber: 2nd married April 21, 1688 Laprairie (II)-Louise Caron b-1671, died April 13, 1703 Ville-Marie (Montreal),daughter (I)-Claude Caron; 3rd marriage August 27, 1703 Laprairie (II)-Marie Catherine de Poitiers, b-1671 died January 22, 1745 Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Poitiers.
July 5: Father (I)-Rene Menard (1605-1661) party of 7 Frenchmen reached Ville-Marie (Montreal) with 35 canoes and 150 men with furs to trade. Father Menard and Jean Guerin, d-1662, died on this expedition.
July 9: Quebec, (I)-Louis Garnaud aka Garnault and Guerineau, (1634-1698) seeking a wife meets (I)-Marie Mazoue also Masoue, (1644-1713) and signed a marriage contract
July 17: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Fournier, Metis, died October 8, 1664, Quebec, daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637:
July 21: Father Claude Allouez (1622-1689) is assigned Vicar General of the Quebec diocese which includes the central region of America.
July 23: Marie Mazoue (1644-1703) had selected Louis Garnaud (1641-1698) to begin the Garneau ancestry as recorded by the Notary Guillaume Audouart. They moved to Coste de Beaupre aka Garden Angel.
July 31: Sillery. birth (III)-Jean Francois Xavier Pelletier Metis, killed November 2, 1692 by Iroquois, son (II)-Jean Pelletier Metis (1647-1692) and Marie Genevieve Manevely De Rainville; married May 7, 1685 Sorel, Genevieve Le Tendre
August 15: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Joseph Cloutier, Metis, died April 7, 1671, Chateau Richer, son (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699);
September: A ship arrived from France with Commissioner Louis Gaudais Dupont and 159 settlers who were indentured for three years, sixty settlers had died at sea.
September 1: A solar eclipse is noted at Quebec.
September 18: The Conseil Souverain (Sovereign Council) of New France is established, consisting of the Royal Governor, Bishop and five councilors.
September 19: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Madeleine Cote, Metis, died August 25, 1689 Cap Ste Ignace, daughter (II)-Louis Cote d-1669 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis b-1645: married November 26, 1682 Cap St. Ignace, Louis Lemieux.
September 22: Thirty-six girls (some claim the first group of Filles du Roi) arrived Quebec.
September 28: The Sovereign Council banned the sale of liquor to Indians.
October 2: A ship from Normandy brings 82 girls and women, and one hundred and thirty laboring men.
October 7: Jean Baptiste Legardeur de Repentigny is appointed the first Mayor of Quebec.
October 20: Kebec, marriage (I)-Catherine De Boisandre, (1640-1685), a Filles du Roi to (I)-Marc Antoine Gobelin dit Cinq Mars.
October 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Catherine Barre, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Nicolas Roy
October 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marie Lafaye, (1633-1708) a Filles du Roi to (I)-Rene Emond, b-1636
October 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marie Madeleine De Chevrainville dite Lafontaine, b-1650, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Joseph Isaac Lamy, b-1640
October 23: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Marguerite Le Peuvrier, b-1638, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jacques Meneux dit Chateauneuf, b-1639; 2nd marriage Lizot Guillaume
October 24: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Marguerite Moitie (1648-1701) a Filles du Roi to (I)-Joseph Elie Gauthier (1626-1700)
October 24: Kebec, marriage (I)-Helene Dufiguier, b-1644, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jacques Fournier, sieur Delaville, b-1633
October 26: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marie Anne Agathe, d-1700, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Laurent Armand.
October 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marguerite, b-1643, a Filles du Roi arrived with her son (II)-Laurent Beaudet, married (I)-Jean Rabouin (1637-1707)
October 29: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marie Albert, b-1645, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jean Chauveau dit Lafleur, b-1635
November 2: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Marie Targer, b-1641 a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jean Royer, b-1636 (epouse 1st Madeleine Du Bois): epouse February 16, 1676 Ste Famille, Roberta Tourneroche
November 7: Kebec, marriage (I)-Anne Le Maitre (veuve Louis Le Roy), b-1617, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Adrien Blanquet dit La Fougere, b-1604
November 8: Kebec, marriage (I)-Francoise Brunet, d-1677 (veuve Martin Durand), a Filles du Roi to (I)-Theodore Sureau, d-1677.
November 10: Kebec, marriage (I)-Catherine Fievre, b-1645, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Charles Allaire aka Alaire, b-1635.
November 12: Kebec, marriage (I)-Louise Menacier, b-1638 a Filles du Roi to (I)-Toussaint Ledran (1638-1711)
November 19: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Louise Charrier (Charier), a Filles du Roi to (I)-Guillaume Baret
November 19: Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy (1596-1670) is appointed Lieutenant General of all French territories in North and South America.
November 23: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Anne Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645; married November 23, 1683, St. Pierre, I., Ignace Gosselin.
November 24: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Louis Gervaise, Metis, son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married November 25, 1686, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Barbe Pigeon daughter (I)-Pierre Pigeon.
November 26: Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Jean Crevier Sieur Duvernet-Duvernay, Metis b-1642 son (I)-Christophe Crevier and Jeanne Enard Metis b-1619; married (II)-Marguerite Hertel daughter (I)-Jacques Hertal (1630-1651) and Marie Harguerine d-1700
November 26: Kebec, marriage (I)-Mathurine Thibault, a Filles du Roi to Jean Milot dit Bourguignon
November 26: Ville Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Marie Valade, b-1644, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jean Cadieux, (1634-1681): epouse February 9, 1682, Montreal, Philippe Boudier
November 28: Ville Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Catherine Dupuis aka Dupay, b-1644, a Filles du Roi to (II)-Charles Martin , b-1644
November 28: Ville Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Francoise Moisan, b-1645, a Filles du Roi to (II)-Antoine Brunet dit Belhumeur, b-1644: 2nd marriage February 13, 1707 Pierre dit Lalime
November 28: Montreal, marriage (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 son (I)-(II)-Pierre Martin and Madeleine Panis (slave); married 1st Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier.
November 28: Young Ladies (Fillies du Roi) are not allowed to marry at their leisure, and the priests are forbidden to slow down marriages for fear that some are not free and of a marriageable state.
December 1: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Jean Trepie.
December 2: Sillery birth (III)-Francoise Pelletier Metis son (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau; married May 2, 1689 Champlain Madeleine Thunes.
1663
QUEBEC, NEW FRANCE
Kebec, New France marriage (I)-Louis Garnaud aka Garnault and Guerineau, is born 1634, La Grimaudiere, Vienne, France, died April 2, 1698, L’Ange Gardien, New France, son of Pierre Garnault and Jeanne Barault (Barrault) of Grimaudiere, Leveche De (Vienne) Poitiers, Anjou, France.
Married; July 23, 1663, Quebec, New France, (I)-Marie Mazoue also Masoue, born, December 3, 1644, baptized December 8, 1644 La Rochelle, Aunis, France, died, June 19, 1713, L’Ange Gardien, New France. Daughter: of Etienne Mazoue and Marie Merand of La Rochelle, Aunis, France. Sources: (Voy., Vol. I, P252), Tanguay & Cyrrien, The French Canadians 1600-1900 (PQ441-252) & November 14, 1681 census C-2474 Seigneurie de Beaupre. Dictionnaire Genealogique des Families du Quebec. She was a junior of a family of 7 children. Her father died when she was age 9 and her mother when she was age 18.
Events:
1656 Louis arrived Fort Kebec.
1660 February 24 Louis is confirmed at Kebec.
1661 Louis joined the L’Ange Gardien, New France colony.
1663 Marie arrived Fort Quebec.
1713 June 19, inventory of Louis possessions.
1715 October 4, inventory of Marie possessions.
EIGHT CHILDREN ARE RECORDED:
(II)-Francois Garnaud, born, September 28, 1665, at Chateau Richer, New France, married, February 7, 1689, at L’Ange Gardien, New France a (II)-Louise Carreau, born, April 18, 1664, Quebec, New France, daughter (I)-Louis Carreau alias Lafraicheur, born 1621 who arrived from Bordeaux, France and married, April 30, 1654, Fort Quebec an (I)-Jeanne Lerouge, born 1625, died March 9, 1696.
(II)-Louis Garnaud, born, April 2, 1670, died, October 6, 1750, and married, April 14, 1692, all at L’Ange Gardien, New France to (II)-Marie Anne Huot, born, May 14, 1674, died, March 4, 1703, at L’Ange-Gardien, New France; daughter (I)-Mathurin Huot, born 1646, D’Angers, Anjou, France, died 1712 and (II)-Marie Letartre, born 1653.
(II)-Louis Garnaud second marriage, June 25, 1705, at Beauport, New France a (II)-Marguerite Catherine Soulard (Miville), born, March 13, 1669, (elle espouse 1696 Pierre Vachon); daughter (I)-Jean Soulard, born 1646, died 1710 married 1666 a
(II)-Catherine Boutet, born 1637, (widow Charles Philippeau).
(II)-Anonyme-1 Garnaud, was born and died, January 29, 1671, at Chateau Richer, New France.
(II)-Charles Garnaud, was born, August 9, 1671, at L’Ange Gardien, New France and assumed to have been still born.
(II)-Anonyme-2 Garnaud, was born and died, October 7, 1673, at L’Ange Gardien, New France.
(II)-Jean Garnaud was born, October 9, 1676, at L’Ange Gardien, New France, died, November 27, 1749, at Charlesbourg, New France, married, April 8, 1698, at L’Ange Gardien, New France a (II)-Louise Huot, born, December 20, 1679, L’Ange-Gardien, New France, died, July 7, 1730, Charlesbourg, New France; daughter (I)-Mathurin Huot born, 1646 and (II)-Marie Letartre born,
1653.
(II)-Jean Garnaud second marriage, March 7, 1735, at Charlesbourg, New France a (III)-Marie Ursule Martin, born, August 27, 1707, daughter (II)-Antoine Martin, born 1654 and married 1699 a (II)-Marie Bonet, born 1677; (Ursule second marriage, November 23, 1750 at Charlesbourg, New France a Charles Corvaosier).
(II)-Louis Garnaud is born, March 23, 1678, at L’Ange Gardien, New France and probable marriage about 1710 Beauceville, New France.
(II)-Jacques Garnaud, born, May 1, 1679, died, July 15, 1711, and married October 6, 1701 all at L’Ange Gardien, New France a (III)-Angelique Trudel, born, August 4, 1682, L’Ange-Gardien, New France, daughter (II)-Pierre Trudel, born 1658 and married 1680 a (II)-Francoise Le Francois, born 1663; Angelique second marriage, November 23, 1711, a Jacques Huot at L’Ange Gardien, New France.
(I)-Louis and Marie Garnaud immediately departed for L’Ange-Gardien in the parish of Chateau Richer. There is no church at L’Ange-Gardien. L’Ange Gardien is located between the rivers Montmorency and Petit Pre that is about ten miles north east of Quebec city on the north side of the St. Lawrence river. This colony claimed to have existed since 1570, but it must have been a wintering or unauthorized trading location.
Meanwhile, (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) and (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?), with three hundred canoe loads of northern pelts, returned to Fort Quebec. These prominent Coureurs des Bois are arrested and fined by the Governor and their furs are seized. They had been refused permission to trade in 1661 unless they gave one half of all future trading profits to the monopoly. This gross act of free trade suppression would ultimately lead to the creation of the Hudson Bay Company by (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?) and the ultimate loss of New France to England. Groseillier immediately departed to France to request an over turning of the New France trade decision, but he got a cold shoulder in France. As a result, a directive effectively placed the Metis and French free traders- those Coureurs des Bois- to the status of criminals.
The Jesuits ousted the Recollects from New France because of their humility. The Jesuits now exercised a complete religious monopoly and, now, had a better chance to control the trade. When the King hears of this treachery he would restore them in 1668. As a result of this tampering, the King decreed he would appoint future Bishops to New France. The Company of New France, deemed a complete failure by King Louis, surrendered its charter in 1663. The Royal Government of France replaced it, remaining the same until New France fell in 1760.
Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) is again made Governor of Three Rivers (1663-1665).
(I)-Augustin de Saffray, chevalier de Mezy, died May 5, 1665, is appointed Governor of New France from September 15, 1663 to May 5, 1665. His rule was undermined by the Jesuits who politically appointed Bishop Lavel (1623-1708) with overlapping roles and responsibilities with the Governor. The Jesuits considered Mezy as a violent and arbitrary ruler. Had Mezy survived, he likely would have labeled the Jesuit Bishop Lavel as more political than religious. History would verify this predominant role of the Jesuits.
“I just visited you site and the sun eclipse which followed the February earthquake did not happen in December but rather on 1 September 1663. It is specified in a letter from Mother Marie de L’Incarnation to her son (was married before entering the convent) in which she says she was ready to die when the earthquake happened. The letter is dated 1 September 1663 and it finishes abruptly like this (quoted by memory) : “I have to close this letter to watch the sun eclipse just starting; it is 1:00 p.m.” With a reliable astronomy software called Red Shift 3, I could reproduce the eclipse for Quebec City and it started at 1:10 p.m. I could also check other eclipses described even in antiquity (namely 28 May -585 in now Turkey said to have stopped a war) and the reproduction is really neat.” Source Denis Hamel of Ville-Marie (Montreal), Quebec.
Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619–83), a French statesman who took over direction of colonial affairs, strongly opposed French westward expansion. He considered the clergy as a group of parasites. (I)-Jean Talon, Intendant of New France (1625/26-1694), had proposed the establishment of a vast French Empire from the St. Lawrence to Florida and Mexico. Colbert argued it would be poor policy to depopulate France in order to populate Canada. Colbert wrote that to strengthen the colony is to cause justice to reign, to establish a good civil administration, to take care of the settlers, to give them peace, tranquility and abundance, and to train them to defend themselves against all manner of foes; for these are the basis and foundation of every establishment. Colbert had misgivings in allowing Canadians to trade, as he feared the habitants would remain idle a good part of the year, whereas if they were not allowed to engage in it, they would be obliged to apply themselves to cultivating their land.
Autumn: The Agniehronnon (Iroquois) captured two Frenchmen out hunting from Three Rivers, but they eventually escaped to tell their tales. The Iroquois do most of their trade for fire-arms, powder and lead with the Dutch at New Holland.
1664
Thirty eight marriages, two hundred four births and thirty eight deaths are recorded in New France.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1664 and entered into contract of marriage
Marie-Madeleine Boutet, married. Gervais Bisson, , le 15 septembre, 1664 Bisson, Gervais,
Madeline Carbonnet, married. Sédilot, (Stephan) Étienne, dit Desnoyers, said his name is Desnoyers
Francois Charron, no marriage in 1664
Claude De Mangeon married. Thomas Lesueur dit Lagrandeur, said his name Lagrandeur,
Joan Dodier, married. Adrien (Adrian) Joliet, Sieur de Chansenaye; 2nd marriage 1672 Antoine Baillargé; 3rd marriage 1674 Mathurin Normandin dit Beausoleil, said his name is Beausoleil
Margaret Gaillard, said her name was Duplessis, married. Francois Provost,
Margaret Gambier, married Michel. Legardeur dit Sanssoucy, said his name was Sanssoucy,
Louise Gargottin, married. Daniel Perron dit Suire, said his name is Suire; 2nd marriage 1679 Charles-Louis Alain,
Anne Gendreau, married. René Leduc,
Margaret Gaillard, said her name is Duplessis, married François Provost; 2nd marriage 1671 Louis Saucier; 3rd marriage 1677, Michel Legardeur dit Sanssoucy, said his name is Sanssoucy
Françoise Huché, married Guillaume Bonhomme,
Joachine Lafleur, married Pierre Martin,
GenevièveLaurence, b-1643, married. Adrien Michelon; 2nd marriage 1681, Jean Journet dit Guespin, said his name is Guespin
Jacqueline Lauvergnat, married, Pierre Gaulin, Pierre; 2nd marriage 1679 Marc Bareau,
Jacquette Ledoux, married Jacques Grimault; 2nd marriage 1668 Marc Tessier, Marc,
Anne Lépine, married François Boucher dit Vin d’Espagne,
Anne Loiseau, married. Guillaume Gendron dit La Rondière, told his name is Rondiere; 2nd marriage 1688, Charles Lemoine dit Charleville, said his name is Charleville
Marthe Ragot, married Louis Samson,
Jeanne Repoche, married Jérôme Bilodeau,
Marie Repoche, married Julien Jamin,
Marie-Sainte Vié dite Lamotte said her name is Lamotte, married Jean Poitras
(I)-Pierre Artaut, Sieur de la Tour, b-1630 married 1664 Trois Rivieres, Louise Sauvagesse, b-1621
Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Nicolas Crevier dit Bellerive Metis son (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married 1664 Trois Rivieres, Louise Leloutre, b-1648
(I)-Francoise Charron a Filles du Roi arrived Quebec 1664.
Port Royal, Acadia, (III)-Anne Le Borgne b-1664 daughter (II)-Alexander La Borgne (1640-1693) and (III)-Marie La Tour b-1654; married Jacques Muis, sieur de Poubomcou.
Quebec, marriage, (I)-Genevieve Laurence, b-1643, a Filles du Roi to 1st (I)-Adrien Michelon (1644-1681): 2nd September 9, 1681 Quebect, Jean Jorunet, dit Guespin.
Central L’Ange Gardien had the following settlers from 1664 to 1680 and appears to have been Church controlled Seigniorial land during this period. The settlers from west to east are:
(I)-Jean Clement alias Lapointe (b-1626) married Madeline Surget (b-1638) farming 2 arpent,
(I)-Pierre Boivin (b-1646) married 1664 Etienne Fafard (b-1652) farming 2 arpent,
(I)-Nicholas Quentin alias La Fontaine (b-1633) married 1660 Madeline Roulois (b-1646) farming 4, arpent, north of Nicholas; 8 arpent was farmed by de Louis Couillart de Lespinay,
Joseph Guion farming 5 arpent, Francois Herbert alias Le Comte de Roussy farmed 3 arpent,
(II)-Charles Letartre (b-1657) married Marie Maheu born 1663 and also living here (I)-Mathurin Huot (b-1646) married 1671 Marie Letartre (b-1653) farming 2 arpent,
(II)-Rene Letartre (b-1627) married 1652 Louise Goulet (b-1626) farming 2 arpent,
(II)-Nicholas Roussin married Madeleine Pardis (b-1653) farming 1.7 arpent, which also included the first chapel,
North of Herbert, Letartre’s and Roussin; 8.7 arpent farmed by de Guillaume Couillart Des Chesnes,
(I)-Daniel Perron alias Suire married 1664 Louise Gargottine and his heirs farming 3 arpent,
Pierre Genfreau alias La Poussiere and his heirs farming 3 arpent and this property included the second church site,
(I)-Jacques Goulet (b-1615) married Marguerite Maillier (b-1631) farming 3, arpent,
(I)-Robert de Laberge (b-1638) married 1663 Francoise Gausse (b-1634) farming 3 arpent,
North of Perron, Gendreau, Goulet and Laberge; 12 arpent farmed by (I)-D’Olivier Le Tardif married 1637 (II)-Louis
Couillart (b-1625),
Dennis Guion farming 3.5 arpent,
Charles Godin farming 2.5 arpent,
North of Guion, Godin; (II)-Guillemette Herbert (b-1608) (E’P G. Couillart, died 1663),
(II)-Nicholas Roussin married 1668 Madeleine Pardis (b-1653) farming 3 arpent,
(I)-Jean Roussin married Madeline Gigueres and second marriage 1655 Marie Lessard farming 2 arpent,
North of Roussin’s; Francois Bissot married (II)-Marie Couillart (b-1633) (E’P Francois Bissot) second marriage
Marie 1675 Jacques de Lalande,
Guillaume Paget farming 2 arpent,
(I)-Jean Mathieu (b-1637) married 1669 Anne Dutertre (b-1654) farming 4 arpent.
At this time the colonists rarely bathe, believing a bath would cause colic, headaches and vertigo. This European tradition usually resulted in a May bath with June weddings before they started to smell too bad. The brides carried a bouquet of flowers to hid the body odor. Both male and female wore sachets of dried flowers for the same purpose. The natives bathed fairly often and couldn’t understand this strange practice of the French. Some said you could smell an European before you could see him. The savages had another custom to washing themselves before a meal, with the notion that, if they failed to do so, they would transgress rules absolutely necessary for obtaining success in hunting.
The French court was told most of the Quebec population were mainly unmarried males, many of whom interbred freely with the savages, wasting their seed among the pagans, instead of increasing the strength of the colony. Most of these Metis offspring are absorbed into the Indian population and are not recorded in the French records. This situation led to the filles du roi program of sending orphan girls, daughters of debtors, streetwalkers and runaway wives to New France. Only fifteen out of the first 150 could not find husbands and ended up in domestic service.
The first history of Canada, ‘Historia canadensis’ was published this year in Paris, France.
Maryland passed the “black code” which declared that any Negro in the colony was a slave for life by virtue of his color. This conflicted with Church doctrine that stated only pagans could be enslaved and must be released when baptized.
The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), established tithe to the church of Canada at 1/20 of the labor of men (cultivation of the soil), but the fur trade is naturally excluded.
The New France Colony begs France to send an army to deal with the Iroquois who now control the St. Lawrence River system. The King agrees that the Iroquois must be exterminated.
The denier tournois along with the copper double liard, the denier was one of the predominant coins in circulation in New France up to the 1660′s. The denier, although rated at 1 denier in France, circulated as a 2 denier piece in New France. The merchants saw a chance for a quick profit and imported these coins in large quantities. This resulted in an over supply prompting the government of Quebec to ban the denier altogether in 1664. The Order of the Sovereign Council which demonetized the denier allowed the double tournois to remain in circulation but reduced its value to 1 denier to curb its excessive importation. It had formally circulated at 4 deniers in New France. The liard had circulated as a 6 deniar coin and this was devalued to a 2 denier coin to discourage its excessive importation.
Parish of Beauport aka La Native de Notre Dame de Beauport is established this year
Parish of Cap de la Madeleine aka Ste. Marie Madeleine du Cal de la Madeleine is established this year
January 22: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jeanne Dodier a Filles du Roi to 1st (I)-Adrien Jolet sieur de Chansenaye: 2nd 1672 Antoine Baillarge
February: A Savage named Robert Hachel ravished a young woman whom he met on the road, due to drunkenness.
February 4: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jeanne Repoche, b-1646, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jerome Bilodeau, b-1638
February 11: Quebec, marriage (I)-Joachine La Fleur, a Filles du Roi, to (I)-Pierre Martin, d-1711
February 26: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Louise Gargottin, a Filles du Roi to 1st. (I)-Daniel Perron dit Suire: 2nd January 7, 1679, L’Ange Gardien, Charles Louis Alain:
February 26: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marthe Ragot (Ragu), (1632-1693), a Filles du Roi to (I)-Louis Sampson (1638-1724)
March: The English by order of James Promptly under command of Richard Nicolls sent an army, to reduce the Dutch Colony to obedience. Thus ended the Dutch influence by the capture of New Amsterdam (New York).
March 12: King Charles II granted the territory between the St. Croix River and the Kennebec River to James, Duke of York.
April 21: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Jacqueline Lauvergnat, b-1637, a Filles du Roi to 1st Pierre Gaulin (1630-1677; 2nd epouse Marc Bareau
April 21: Quebec, marriage (I)-Anne Lepine, b-1637, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Francois Boucher dit Vin d’Espagne, b-1637
May 17: Quebec, birth (II)-Louise Soumande, Metis, died November 28, 1708, Quebec, daughter (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
May 28: The Company of The West Indies, organized by Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683), is created this date to exploit the resources of the French Colonial possessions. These include Acadia, Newfoundland, the mainland from north of Canada to Virginia and Florida, as far and as deep as they could extend to the interior. Besides full seigniory and proprietorship is included a monopoly on the fur trade.
June: Thirty six (36) girls (Filles du Roi) arrived in Quebec and were distributed between Quebec, Trois Rivers and Ville-Marie (Montreal). It is noteworthy that by month end, only three remained unmarried and one was seized by the Iroquois and taken captive.
June 1: Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Jean Masse Fafart, b-1657, died December 21, 1756, Detroit son (I)-Francois (1630-1711) and Marie Richard (1636-1696): married to (II)-Marguerite Couc (Couck), Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Coug dit Lafleur, b-1624 and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e Algonquine, sauvagesse, b-1631, died August 6, 1665 Trois Rivieres
June 5: Trois Rivers, Quebec, baptism, (III)-Marguerite Couc alias Couck, dit Lafleur, Metis, birth June 1, 1664, daughter (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699); 1st married 1690 d’en Haut, likely Detroit?, (II)-Jean Fafard dit Jean Fafart dit Maconce or Macons, b-1657, died December 21, 1756, Fort Detroit, he was a voyageur and interpreter; 2nd marriage 1705 Detroit, Michel Masse..
June 7: Trois Riviers, birth (II)-Maurice Menard, son (I)-Jacques Menard dit Lafontaine, b-1629 and Catherine Fortier, b-1637: married 1692 St. Ignace, Michillimakinac, married (II)-Madeleine Couc, Metis, born 1669 daughter (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur b-1624 and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e, Algonquine, (1631-1699);
July 21: Quebec, marriage (I)-Anne Loiseau, b-1636, a Filles du Roi to 1st Guillaume Gendrn (1630-1687): 2nd epouse August 2, 1688, Montreal, Charles Lemoine dit Charlesville.
July 26: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marguerite Gaillard dite Duplessis, a Filles du Roi to 1st. Francois Provost (Prevost): 2nd January 12, 1671 to Louis Saucier: 3rd November 1677 to Michel Legardeau die Sanssoucy
July 26: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marguerite Gambier, b-1641, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Michel Nicolas Legardeau dit Sanssoucy, b-1636
July 26: The Sovereign Council of New France fixed the prices of commodities and stipulated that price tags be attached to goods. The cost of passage from Quebec to France is fixed at 33 livres, and the shipment of beaver skins to France at 10 livres per hundredweight.
August 15; Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Vachon, Metis, died September 26, 1715 Beauport, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married November 26, 1681, Beauport, Raphael Giroux
August 27: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marie Sainte Vie dite Lamotte, b-1650, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jean Poitras, b-1639
September 8: Fort Orange was captured by Richard Nicolls and renamed Fort Albany. Richard Nicolls became governor and named New Amsterdam as New York
September 11: Montreal, birth (III)-Jean Martin Metis son (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 and Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier.
September 16: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marie Repoche, b-1636, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Julien Jamin (Jamein), (1634-1704)
October 4: Quebec birth (II)-Daniel Joseph Amiot (Amyot) Villeneuve son (I)-Mathieu Aymot Villeneuve (1628-1688) and Marie Miville (1632-1702); 1st marriage Marie Kape8apnok8e (Outaouaise) Indian; 2nd marriage 1719 Michillmachic Domitilade dit Neveu.
October 18: (I)-Louis Garnaud assisted at the L’Ange Gardien’s first mass at the home of Jean Trudel on October 18, 1664. The celebrant is Father Louis Ango Des Maizerets who arrived at Fort Quebec on September 15, 1663. The following year, the residents built a small chapel on the property of Nicholas Roussin.
October 28: Quebec, marriage (I)-Anne Gendreau (Gentreau), b-1643, a Filles du Roi, to (I)-Rene Le Duc, b-1639
October 29: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Etienne Volant de St. Claude, Metis, son (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636: married December 9, 1693 Sorel, Genevieve Le Tendre..
October 30: Quebec, marriage (I)-Francoise Huche, (1644-1699), a Filles du Roi, to (II)-Guillaume Bonhomme, d-1710
November 5, Chateau Richer, birth (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis daughter (I)-Jean Cordeau dit Desloriers b-1636 and Catherine Latour dit Simonet Metis (1638-1678)
November 23: Kebec, marriage (I)-Claude De Mangeon, b-1644, a Filles du Roi, to (I)-Thomas Lesueur dit Lagrandeur
1665
Seventy four marriages, one hundred seventy eight births and fifty four deaths are recorded in New France. The first triplets were born in Ville-Marie (Montreal).
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1665 and entered into contract of marriage
Margaret Abraham, married Joseph-Ozanie Nadeau dit Lavigne; says his name is Lavigne’ 2rd marriage 1678 Guillaume Chartier, Guillaume;
Anne Bardet, married Jean Paulin,
Catherine Barré, married Mathurin Chaillé, Mathurin,
Mary Beauregard, married Sébastien Langelier; 2nd marriage 1682 Étienne Gélinas (Stephen)
Anne Bellesoeur, said her name was Lucas, married Nicolas Massard, Nicolas; 2nd marriage 1686 Jean (John) Lambert; 3rd marriage 1688, Jean-François Chevaudier, dit Lépine, said his name was Lepine
Joan Benard, married Pierre (Peter) Gadois,
Marie-Anne Blain, married Pierre Gervais,
Joan Bouchard, married Martin Foisy,
Madeleine Boucher, married François Blanchard, François, dit Belleville, said his name was Belleville,
Jeanne Bourgeois, married André (Andrew Coudray; 2nd marriage 1708 Pierre Glaumont dit Beauregard, said his name was Beauregard,
Anne Brandon, married Pierre Dagenais, Pierre, dit Lépine, said his name was Lepine
Anne Brunet, married Pierre (Peter) Coirier,
Marie Charrier, married Jacques Renaud,
Denise Cherfault, married Thomas Grandry dit Faverolle, said his name was Faverolles,
Marie Chevreau, b-1652, married Jean Rabouin
Claude De Chevrainville, said her name was Lafontaine, married August 12, 1665, Quebec (I)-Henri Brault, b-1640
Perrine Coirier, married Clement Guérin,
Marie-Catherine Cottin, called herself D’Arras (a illegitimate child, Jeanne b-1665), married Pierre Brunet; 2nd marriage 1685 Pierre Mandin,
Francois Cousin, Frances, married Charles Gaudreau,
Anne Couture, married Jean Moreau dit Lagrange, said his name was Lagrange
Anne Couture, b-1641, married Jean Moreau dit Lagrange
Denise Damane, married Rene Houray dit Grandmont, said his name was Grandmont,
Gabrielle Danneville, married Louis Blanchard; 2nd marriage 1684 Mathieu De Lagrange, Mathieu; 3rd marriage 1712 Hilaire Bernard, Sieur de La Rivière,
Marie Debure, b-1644, married Jean Bernard dit Hinse
Mary Debure, married Gilles Enard; 2nd marriage 1666 Jean Bernard dit Anse, said his name was Anse,
Adrienne Delastre, married Pierre (Peter) Mortrel,
Frances Desjardins, married Nicolas Droissy,
Isabella Dubreuil, married Bernard Faure,
Anne-Julienne Dumont, married Rene Dubois dit Brisebois, said his name was Brisebois
Catherine Durand, married Pierre Piché dit Lamusette, said his name was Lamusette,
Antoinette Eloy, married Mathurin Masta,
Marie-Therese Galien, married Laurent Gouin: 2nd marriage, Louis Gilbert,
Anne Girard, married Nicolas Dodelin,
Marie-Anne Guédon, married Gabriel Benoist; 2nd marriage Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre,
Madeleine Guerin, married Jean Julien,; 2nd marriage 1673 Pierre Boivin,
Bonne Guerrier, married Jacques Fauque; 2nd marriage 1674 Charles. Marchand,
Catherine Guyard, married Antoine Beaudry dit L’épinette,
Jacqueline Héron, (must be savage), married Jacques Galarneau; 2nd marriage 1706 Jean Picard, Jean,
Marguerite Hiardin, married Nicolas Vérieul, Nicolas dit Labécasse,
Marie Lanfillé, married Pierre Roche
Marie Langlois, married Jacques Gladu, Jacques dit Cognac
Marie-Anne Laporte, married François Genaple Sieur de Bellefonds; 2nd marriage 1711 Rene Hubert,
Marguerite Laverdure, married Maurice Crépeau,
Marie Lebon de Champfleury, marriedFrancois Bidard,
Marguerite Leclerc, married Julien Beloy dit Servigny
Suzanne Lecomte, married Francois Arsenault,
Louise Lecoutre, b-1648, married Nicolas Crevier, Louise had no point of birth recorded.
Marie Lemoine, married Jacques Duhault, Jacques dit Paris,
Marguerite Leroux, (arrivé 1665) not married 1665
Marie Lespérance, married Benoît Ponsart,
Anne Magnan, married Jean Gauvin,
Marie Magnier, married Michel Chartier, Michel; 2nd marriage 1673 Louis Jinchereau,
Jeanne De Mérinne, (arrived 1665) not married this year
Marie Mesuré, marriage Michel Montambault dit Léveillé
Antoinette Meunier, married Jacques Aubert,
Marie Meunier, married Charles Bonin,
Marie Meunier, married Michel Chrétien,
Marie Montminy, (Mont Meeny) (enfant illégitime, Julienne, 1665), married 1666 Noel Rose; 2nd marriage 1687 Francois Dumas,
Marie Morin, married Étienne Dauphin; 2nd marriage 1694, Pierre Chaignon,
Catherine Normand, married Pierre Normand dit Labrière, it would appear Catherine takes the name of husband?
Anne Pelletier dite Passavant, married Pierre Papin,
Marguerite Pelois, married Jacques Boivin dit Panse; Panse=Slave, likely a savage marriage
Francoise Pilois, b-1639, married Antoine Casse dit Lacasse
Catherine Pillat, married Pierre Charron dit Ducharme; 2nd marriage 1709 Sébastien Brisson dit Laroche
Françoise Pilois, married Antoine Cassé
Marthe Pointel, married Abel Benoît dit Laforest
Marie-Anne Poussin, Married Jean Larchevêque
Claude Prat, married Nicolas Giard dit St-Martin
Marthe Quitel, married Barthélemy Verreau dit La Bourguignon
Florimonde Rableau, married Pierre Chamard,
Marie-Catherine Renouard, married Nicolas Durand; 2nd marriage 1702, Francois Ducarreau,
Élisabeth Roy, married Pierre Paillereau,
Marguerite Roy, married Hilaire Chardonneau,
Jeanne Servignan, married Jean Ronceray dit LeBreton,
Nicole Souillard, married Louis Gaboury dit Lemajor
Perrette Vallée, married Jean Bourassa
Marie Vaublin, married Pierre Cochereau,
It becomes clear that some savages sent to France to be educated were returned under the Fille du Roi program. This gave them the opportunity to adopt a French name and birth place.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Artaut, Metis son (I)-Pierre Artaut, Sieur de la Tour, b-1630 married 1664 Trois Rivieres, Louise Sauvagesse, b-1621
(I)-Medard Chouart Sieur Des Groseilliers (1618-1695/98) and his brother-in-law (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) take their plan to England to go to the Sea of the North (Hudson Bay) to harvest furs.
Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Marie Barbe Crevier, Metis daughter (II)-Nicolas Crevier dit Bellerive Metis and Louise Leloutre, b-1648
(I)-Jeanne De Merinne a Filles du Roi arrived Quebec 1665
illégitime, Julienne Montminy (Mont Meeny) daughter Marie Montminy, (Mont Meeny) who married 1666 Noel Rose
Port Royal, Acadia, (III)-Marguerite Le Borgne b-1665 daughter (II)-Alexander La Borgne (1640-1693) and (III)-Marie La Tour b-1654; married Abraham Muis.
(III)-Jeanne de Saint Etienne de La Tour, Metis, daughter (II)-Charles (Turgis) de Saint-Etienne de La Tour (1595-1665), married 1625, Acadia, a Mi’Kmaw; married 1665 Pentagouet, Acadia d’Apprendestiguy de Martignon.
(I)- Jean-Vincent d’Abbadie de Saint Castin born June 19, 1665 d-1707 arrived Acadia June 30, 1665 with Carrignan Salieres Regiment; married 1670 Acadia to three daughters Chief Madokawando Abenaquis (1630-1696). He spent a few Months (Weeks) among the Micmac and Etchemins and obviously like what encountered. The native girls were very liberal with sex. Jean was a known young philander before later settling down about 1684 or 1685. He arrived with his man servant Renaud de Bordenave. He returned back to France but returned to Penobscot River, Acadia in 1670
The Jesuits claim that hitherto Canada has been regarded simply as Canada.
A census at the mission of the Mountain of Ville-Marie (Montreal) listed five hundred and twenty five people. The total French population of New France is 3,215. Quebec, at this time only had seventy private houses.
The New France Governor Augustin de Saffray de Mezy, d-1665 is on bad terms with the Jesuits.
Alexandre de Proville, Marquis de Tracy, d-1670, is temporary Governor of New France.
Groseilliers and Radisson, the Coureurs des Bois, after being rejected by France, New France and New England, find themselves meeting with the king of England. This encounter will lead to the formation of the Hudson Bay Company and the loss of America to the English.
Fort Saint Louis aka Fort Chambly is built on the Richelieu River (near Chambly, Quebec). It was replaced by a stone fort in 1709.
The soldiers, 350 in all, are ordered to build a fort at Lake Champlain to cut the route of the Iroquois. They, however, have no carpenters or skilled trades people to assist them. The were given very few tools. Many of the men are sickly, barefoot and without proper clothing and have too few cooking pots.
Fort Saint Louis, later renamed Fort Chambly, is built by the Carignan Salieres Regiment on the Richelieu River near Chambly, Quebec, in burned down in 1702.
This year the Dutch attacked St. John’s, Newfoundland.
About 100 canoes of Outaouax (Ojibwa) arrived from Lake Superior at Three Rivers to trade their furs. A Frenchman who traveled with them reported they had 100,000 fighting men. They had more than 100 villages. He is likely referring to the whole region from the Iroquois in the east to the Nadouessioux (Dakota) to the west, south to the Illinois and north to the Bay of the north. These Nations visit to trade with the Ojibwa of Lake Superior at both Sault Ste Marie and La Pointe.
Parish of Cap St Ignacet aka St. Ignace du Cap St. Ignace is established this year
February 1: Cap St. Ignace, birth (III)-Jean Cote, Metis, died November 3, 1687 son (II)-Louis Cote d-1669 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis b-1645: married January 8, 1691 Cap St. Ignace, Genevieve Bernier..
March 19: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married 1687, Quebec, Marie LeRoy.
March 22: Sillery, birth (III)-Joseph Pelletier Metis son (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau.
March 23: The French King divided the responsibilities of New France between the Intendant and the Governor. The new Governor is (I)-Daniel de Remy, Sieur de Courcelle (1665-1672/98). The Royal Governors term is September 12, 1665 to September 12, 1672. They say he arrived ‘breathing nothing but war’, determined to destroy the Iroquois. He quarreled frequently with (I)-Jean Talon, Intendant. The Intendant handles civil matters and the Governor handles military affairs.
March 23: (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) is appointed Intendant to New France (September 23, 1665-October 22, 1668) and the new Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, arrives in Fort Quebec. Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) issued a decree that forbade all bachelors to leave the colony for hunting, fishing or furs until all the ‘filles du Roi’ from France were married. It is noteworthy that Talon never married himself, yet orders others to marry. About 150 ‘filles du Roi’ arrive each year. The French Minister of Marine, Jean Baptiste Colbert, established the King’s dowry to encourage migration to New France.
April 13: Quebec, birth (III)-Marie Miville. Metis, daughter, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687; married November 12, 1684 Michel Gosselin.
April 28: Quebec, birth (III)-Genevieve Pinguet, Metis, died December 23, 1702, Quebec, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; married January 19, 1682, Quebec (I)-Pierre Gatien.
May 6: Jacques Leneuf de La Potherie (1606-1685), the Governor of Trois Rivieres, acted as interim Governor of New France from May 6, 1665 to September 12, 1665.
May 10: Quebec, birth Guillaume Chevalier, Metis, son Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec: married February 3, 1689, Beauport, Jeanne Gauthier.
June 3: Quebec, birth (II)-Therese Prevost, Metis, died May 20, 1743, Beauport, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665): married August 18, 1683, Beauport, Michel Giroux.
June 17 & 19: Two ships arrived Kebek (Quebec) from La Rochelle, France with four Companies of the Carignan Salieres Regiment. All the soldiers arrived in good health.
June 30: Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, arrived in Quebec with the Carignan Salieres Regiment, with 100 French officers arriving in 4 ships which included 1,000 to 1,100 of Frances best. These French veterans of wars with the Turks were shipped by Marquis de Troy to put down the Iroquois rebels. Their commander is Heri de Chastelard de Salieres. The Jesuits told the soldiers that this was a holy war against the Iroquois. The soldiers, however, are poorly equipped for service in Canada. The regiment built the following forts this year: Fort Sorel on the site of Fort Richelieu; Fort Saint Louis on the Richelieu River directly east of Ville-Marie (Montreal); Fort Sainte Therese on the Richelieu River; Fort Sainte Anne at the north end of Lake Champlain; and Fort Saint Jean on the Richelieu River. A road was built between Ville-Marie (Montreal) and Chambly.
July 1: illegitimate birth Jeanne Cottin, baptized May 21, 1666 at Chateau-Richer daughter Marie Cathherine Cotton, , called herself D’Arras b-1651 a Filles du Roi (a Kings Daughter) and unknown father, Marie married January 1, 1666, Quebec, Pierre Brunet; marriage June 30, 1683 Trois-Rivieres, (I)-Jacques Godfroy b-1653.
July 16: Twelve horses from Havre, France arrived and the Savages called them the moose of France. The ship also brought 8 girls and others.
July 16: King Louise XIV of France shipped 21 mares and 2 stallions from the Royal stables to New France. This is the source of the Quebec hardy black horses, later called the French Canadian or Canadian breed, still prized by many Quebec farmers. Others suggest only twelve horses are brought to Quebec at this time, the first since Montmagny time. The shipment of 2 stallions and 20 mares to the colony and 8 of the mares having perished on the journey.
August 6: About 400 Outawak (Ottawa) arrived with furs to trade at Kebec (Quebec).
August 6: Trois Rivieres, death, (II)-Pierre Couc, Metis son (I)-Pierre Coug dit Lafleur, b-1624 and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e Algonquine, sauvagesse, b-1631, died August 6, 1665 Trois Rivieres
August 7: Father (I)-Claude Jean Allouez (1613-1689) returned with the Outawak, and then set out for Lac Tracy (Lake Superior) region. He followed the trail of trader Jean Nicolet to Green Bay.
August 11: Quebec, marriage (I)-Madeleine Carbonnet, (1642-1711), a Filles du Roi, to (II)-Etienne Sedilot dit Desnoyers, d-1688
August 18-19: Two more vessels arrived with 4 more companies of soldiers including Monsieur de Salieres, colonel of the regiment.
September 12: Eight more companies of soldiers arrived from France. Monsieur de Courcelles, lieutenant general arrived this contingent. At the same time, ships came filled with over four hundred settlers, mechanics and girls of marriageable age to provide wives for those who lacked them. The officers of the Carignan Salieres Regiment had the first choice of the filles du roi (Kings Girls). Ships also contained livestock and all manner of supplies. The final ships arrived in September, being one hundred and seventeen days at sea. Twenty men died as soon as they set foot on shore. One hundred fell so ill they were in hospital. In all, more than two thousand people arrived this summer.
September 19: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Pierre Paul Cloutier, Metis, died September 25, 1665, Chateau Richer, son (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699);
September 23: (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) was Intendant of New France from September 12, 1665 to 1668. His official title said he was Intendant of justice, police, and finance “in Canada, Acadia, and Newfoundland.” He is to assist at the Councils of War and, in the absence of the Governor General and the Governor, will preside over the Sovereign Council. The Jesuits have interfered with temporal authority in the past, and Talon is commanded to ensure the Jesuit stay to Episcopal functions and to maintain a just balance between the two authorities without disclosing his motives. Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694), Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, and Governor Sieur de Courcelle (1665-1672) came to agreement with the Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency, (1623-1708) that church tithe shall be 1/26 on grains only and payable to the parish priest. This formally established all parish priests as tax collectors.
September 25: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marie Madeleine Boutet (1644-1703), a Filles du Roi, to (I)-(II)-Rene Gervis Bisson, b-1637
September 28: (II)-Francois Garnaud is born on September 28, 1665 at L’Ange Gardien son (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue. His baptism is at Chateau Richer, as there is no church at L’Ange Gardien at this time. It is noteworthy that early settlers to New France excluded Jews and Protestants. If there was any doubt as to religion, the Bishop of Quebec had to reiterate their baptismal and communion vows.
September 29: (II)-Germain Morin (1642-1702) is ordained a priest; the first Canadian born.
October 2: A ship arrived from Normandy, France with 82 girls and women. Fifty of the girls were from charitable institutions in Paris. The ship also brought 130 laboring men.
October 4: Quebec birth (II)-Daniel Joseph Amiot (Amyot) Villeneuve son (I)-Mathieu Aymot Villeneuve (1628-1688) and Marie Miville (1632-1702); 1st marriage September 2, 1709, Montreal, Marie Kape8apnok8e (Kapiouaphokoue) (Outaouaise) Indian b-1665; 2nd marriage 1719 Michillmachic Domitilade dit Neveu.
October 5: Quebec, birth (III)-Daniel Joseph Amiot (Amyot) Villeneuve died December 19, 1688 son (II)-Mathieu dit Villeneuve Amyot and Marie Miville; married Marie Kape8apnok8e (Outaouaise).
October 12: Quebec, marriage (I)-Francoise Desjardins, a Filles du Roi to Nicolas Droissy.
October 15: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Galarneau b-1642 to (I)-Jacqueline Heron b-1645, France, epouse May 9, 1706 Ville-Marie (Montreal), Jean Picard. Tanguay suggests Heron = Huron but Johan suggests Heron was a family name in France and that she was born in France.
October 19: Chateau Richer, marriage (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) son (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoice Grenier (Garnier) d-1665, sauvagesse; married (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau..
October 19: Montreal, marriage (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) to Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, baptized March 30, 1646, La Rochelle, France. The mother’s name was not recorded on this document. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France. She is likely one of the many Indian girls sent to France for education and returned under the Filles du Roi program for marriawge to New France settlers.
October 26: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jeanne Bouchard, b-1644, a Filles du Roi, to (I)-Martin Foisy, b-1689: epouse June 1689, Rene Dumas
December 13: A peace treaty with the Iroquois is made in Quebec.
1666
France made a decision not to send more colonists to New France. They thought it “would not be prudent to depopulate its kingdom to populate Canada”.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1666 and entered into contract of marriage
Joan Barbereau, married. Jean Arrivé, who arrived, Jean, 1666
Marie-Jeanne Beaujean, married Pierre Juin,
Joan Bilodeau, married Pierre Couillard,
Margaret Cardillon, married Claude Desjardins dit Charbonnier, said his name was Charbonnier
Louise Chiasson, married Jacques Chapelain (Chaplain)
Perrine Coirier, married Clément Guérin
Marie Charlotte de Coppequesne b-1636 married Jean Gateau
Marie-Catherine Cottin, called herself D’Arras b-1651 (illegitimate child, Jeanne n. 1665), married Pierre Brunet b-1642; 2nd marriage 1685, Pierre Mandin
Mary Debure, arrived 1665 married 1665 Gilles Enard Gilles; 2nd marriage 1666 Jean Bernard dit Anse, said his name was Anse,
Joan De Lahaye, married Philibert Chauvin,
Elizabeth Doucinet, married Jasques Bédard,
Jeanne Dufresne, married Marin Dalleray
Adrienne Grandjean, married Rene Baucher dit Sanssoucy, said his name is Sanssoucy,
Anne Lamarre, married Pierre Duquet dit Delachesnaye,
Perrine Lapierre, married Honoré Danis dit Tourangeau,; 2nd marriage 1705 Yves Lucas dit St-Venant
Élisabeth Leconte, (arrivé 1666) not married yet
Françoise Lemoine, married Pierre-René Niquet,
Anne Mabille, married Claude Salois,
Marie Martin, married Jean Vallée dit Lavallée
Mary Martin, married Jean Vallée dit Lavallée, said his name is Lavallee; 2nd marriage 1673 Jacques Charier dit Lafontaine, said his name is Lafontaine
Marie Meunier, married Jacques Hudde; 2nd marriage 1690 Jean Guillet,
Marie Montminy (Mont Meeny), (enfant illégitime, Julienne, b-1665), married Noel (Christmas) Rose b-1642; 2nd marriage 1687 François Dumas,
Marie-Geneviève Plémaret, married Antoine Renaud dit Letambour
Andrée Remondière, married Thomas Rondeau,
Marie Rémy, married Pierre Desautels dit Lapointe
Anne Rivet, married René Ouellet,
Catherine Rivet, married Pierre Duchesne dit Lapierre
Renée Rivière, married Mathurin Croiset,
Suzanne Rousselin, married Jacques Leblanc
Marie Roy, married Pierre Pérusseau,
Gillette Savard, married Pierre Filteau,
Anne Tavernier, married Robert-Charles Moussion dit Lamouche
Marguerite Ténard, married Charles Boayer,
Anne Thomas, married Claude Jodoin; 2nd marriage 1691 Pierre Godambert dit Desjardins,
Suzanne Tru, married Jean Cadou,
Catherine Varin, married Pierre Tessier,
The mission Ste. Famillie, Ile d’Orleans de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Thirty five marriages, two hundred six births and fifty four deaths are recorded in New France.
(II)-Charles La Tour (1594-1666) dies in Acadia.
Andre Martin, Metis, b-1666, Acadia, son Pierre Martin, b-1631 and Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, b-1644; (1671 census)
Birth (II)-Michelle Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645.
An ancestor of the Garneau clan, (II)-Marie Catherine Durand, is born June 4, 1666 at Cap Rouge (Sillery), New France daughter (I)-Jean Durand born 1640 and (II)-Catherine Annennontak (Huronne) born 1649. (I)-Jean Durand is the son of Louis Durand and Madeleine Malvande of Deuil, Diocese of Saints.
The first Canadian census, by (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694), showed that 11,448 arpents (1 arpent = 5/6 acre) are under cultivation, there are three thousand one hundred and seven heads of cattle and eight five sheep in all of New France.
Quebec 555
Beaupre 678
Beauport 172
Ile d’Orleans 471
St. Jean, St. Francois and St. Michel 156
Sillery 217
Notre Dame des Anges and the St. Charles River 118
Cote de Lauzon 6
Ville-Marie (Montreal) 584
Three Rivers 461
Total 3,418
Others suggest the population count was 3,215; 2,034 men, 1,181 women and 528 married couples. It is not known if the 1,200 to 2,500 soldiers are included or excluded from the count.
The Jesuits considered this year as a continuous series of wars with the Iroquois Nation.
King Louis XIV of France restored the fur trade to the inhabitants but they were required to pay a royalty to the Company of The West Indies.
Parish of Charlesbourge aka St. Charles Borromee co de Quebec St. Charles de Charlesbourg is established this year
The parish L’Ange Gardien aka L’Ange Gardien co de Montmorency is established this year.
The parish Sorel aka St. Sillery Pierre de Sorel is established this year.
The parish Ste Famille L.O. aka Ste Famille de I’lle d’Orleans is established this year.
January 6: Montreal, birth (III)-Catherine Martin Metis daughter (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 and Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier.
January 9: Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, and Monsieur de Courcelle (1665-1672) chose January, during the coldest period, as the time to tell the soldiers to attack the Iroquois (Mohawk). They were not provided with snowshoes, axes or proper equipment. Sieurs de la Fouille, Maximin and Lobial with their men joined the army. They had 500 French soldiers and 200 Canadian home guards. They searched for a month, trying to locate an Iroquois village. Only 100 would survive, having not fought a single battle nor killed a single Iroquois. These few survivors are saved because they stumble upon an English settlement. The Governors invasion is a total disaster. Others suggest that the Mohawk ambushed the French, killing eleven men and wounding many more. The Mohawk only lost three men and had six wounded. Others suggest only 60 men died from exposure and hunger by March 17. The Jesuits claim a number of Iroquois houses were burned and a number of Iroquois were killed on this campaign. This humiliation, however resulted in the assignment on another 1,300 men to the war effort.
January 26: France or Quebec? Jacques Archambeault (1604-1688) married Marie Denot b-1606, his second or third marriage. No mention of this marriage by Tanguey, See 1620
February 7/27, Quebec, birth/death (III)-Marie Delphine Pelletier, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1739) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704)
February 20: During a French assault, 6 Frenchmen fell along with 4 Iroquois and a number of Savages were taken prisoner. A young half-breed boy was among the captives. A Dutch commandant asked for the return of the half-breed to his uncle.
March 29: death Michel Guibert, b-1648, a nephew of Jean Chicot, in a brule village of Onoi8tsonnans
April 21: Quebec, birth, (II)-Marie Durand, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671) and Annennontank, Huronne b-1649, married July 31, 1688, Mathurin Cadau et Cadot (1649-1729).
May 11: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Nicolas Gervaise, Metis, (1666-1750), son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married July 27, 1693 Pointe Aux Trembles de Ville-Marie (Montreal), (II)-Madeleine Peyet, b-1677 daughter (I)-Pierre Payet.
May 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Soumande, Metis, died July 31, 1677, Quebec, daughter (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
May 25: The Agniehronnons at Fort Sainte Anne, Lake Champlain killed Sieur de Trauersy and Sieur de Chusy. They took a number of prisoners. Monsieur Sorl immediately ordered 300 men to dispatch these Savages but a peace envoy met the army 20 leagues from their village with the prisoners and pleaded for peace.
May 25: A peace treaty with the Seneca in Quebec.
June 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Du Bocq, Metis son (I)-Laurent Du Bocq b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse.
July 12: A peace treaty with the Oneidas is reached.
August 30: Sillery, birth (III)-Marguerite Pelletier Metis daughter (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau; married May 7, 1685 Sorel Charles Boucher.
September 14: Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, and Monsieur de Courcelle (1665-1672) began a second attack against the Mohawks, with 1,500 men departing Quebec.
September 18; Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Charlotte Vachon, Metis, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697);
September 23: Montreal, birth (II)-Catherine Charron, Metis, daughter (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, of New France, baptized March 30, 1646 La Rochelle, France. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France: married 1st. 1681 Francois Chaghon; married 2nd. 1694 Daniel Tetro..
September 28: The Agniehronnons were still defiant so Monsieur de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, assembled a 1,300 man army to deal with this tribe once and for all. They assembled at Fort Saint Anne, recently rebuilt by sieur de la Mothe, on an Island of Lake Champlain, about 4 leagues from the outlet.
October: The Agniehronnons retreated as the French advanced. The French therefore destroyed all their villages, corn and bean supplies. The fields were destroyed if the crops had not been harvested. This winter is the coldest and longest in 30 years and many Iroquois starved to death.
October 15: The French war army reached Mohawk territory, but the Mohawk retreated. Four Mohawk villages are put to the torch and the land was claimed for Louis XIV. New France assembles 600 French soldiers, 600 Canadian home guard and 100 Indians to march on the Iroquois. The Mohawk retreated, and four villages, containing over one hundred long houses, are burnt. This scorched earth policy, the French believed, humiliates the Iroquois Nation.
November: It is reported that ten Frenchmen drowned in Lake Champlain.
November 5: The French army returned to Quebec without engaging the Mohawk.
December 16: The Sovereign Council abolished the death penalty for selling liquor to the Savages, replacing it with fines.
1667
Seventy five marriages, two hundred twenty seven births and thirty three deaths are recorded in New France.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1667 and entered into contract of marriage
Fleurance Asserin, (arrived 1667) not married this year
Susan Aubineau, married Mathias Campagna,
Catherine Ballié, married Pierre Bouvier,
Frances Banse, married Jacques Prou,
Barbara Baron, married Simon Chevreux dit Lataupine, said his name was Lataupine; 2nd marriage 1672, Jean Mérienne dit Lasolaye; 3rd marriage, 1691 Guillaume Duboc dit St-Godard, said his name was St. Godard,
Catherine Basset, married Pierre Bourgouin dit Bourguignon, said his name was Bourguignon
Catherine De Belleau, married Jean-Baptiste Morin, dit Debelleroche, said his name was Debelleroche
Mary Blanchard, Mary, married Mathieu Brunet dit Létang, said name was Letang; 2nd marriage 1722 Yvis-Luc Lucas dit St-Venan, said his name was St-Venan.
Jeanne-Claude De Boisandré, married Louis Lachaise; 2nd marriage 1668 Jean Létourneau,
Helen Bonneau, married Jacques Desmoulins,
Margaret Bonnefoy, said her name was Ste-Foy, married Jacques Achon, Jacques; 2nd marriage 1671, Claude Carpentier (Carroll)
Louise Bouchard, married Simon Guillory
Marie Bouet, married Martin Guérard; 2nd marriage 1676 Nicolas Groinier
Catherine Bourgeois, married René Binet,
Mary Bremaille, married Jacques Doublet dit Delisle, said his name is Delisle
Jeanne Burel, married Andre Poutré dit Lavigne, said his name was Lavigne
Jeanne-Claude De Boisandré,married Louis Lachaise; rnd marriage 1668 Jean Létourneau,
Mary De Bretigny, married Denis Leclerc dit Lécuyer, said his name was Lecuyer
Frances De Charmesnil, married Jean Gélinas, Jean, name was John Contract Gelinas,
Marie-Charlotte De Coppequesne, married Jean Gateau; 2nd marriage 1688 Jacques Brault,
Mary Charron, married Mathurin Petiot,
Joan Charton, married Jean Robin dit Lapointe, said his name was Lapointe,
Mary Chaton, married Pierre Lagarde,
Frances Conflans, b-1649, married Charles Rancin,
Marie Crépin, married Jean Fournier
Catherine De Fontenay, (arrived 1667) not married this year
Marie Devauly, b-1649 married Antoine Coderre dit Emery
Joan Denot, married André Robidou; 2nd marriage 1678 Jacques Surprenant, Jacques, dit Sanssoucy, said his namre was Sanssoucy,
LISTED AMONG THE FILLE DU ROI IN 1667 ?
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1643), married Pierre Pouillard, October 12, 1667
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1647), married Michel Verret, Michel, dit Laverdure, October 13, 1669 Michel Verret,
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1656), married 1672, Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre, 1672;
Possibility Marie Deschamps is a savague?
Mary Devault, married Antoine Emery dit Coderre, said he was Antony Coderre,
Mary De Limoges, married Noel Laurence,
Simone Doriant, married Jean Hébert,
Madeleine Dumortier, said her name was De Leur, married Timothée Roussel,
Suzanne Durand, married Gabriel Gibaul dit Poitevin, said his name was Poitevin
Anne-Marie Firman, (arrived 1667, departed 1667)
Jeanne Fourrier, married Jean Baillaux; 2nd married 1671 François Vanasse
Marguerite Foye b-1638, married Francois Dumas
Margaret Foy, married François Dumas
Marie Girard, (arrived 1667) not married this year
Marceline Goard, married Louis Marie dit Ste-Marie, said his name is Ste-Marie
Marie Gravois, married Philippe Étienne, said he was Philip Stephen,
Mary Grusseau, married Jean Chénier; 2nd marriage 1700 Pierre Senay dit Lapierre, said his name was Lapierre,
Marie-Jeanne Guérin, said her names is Brunet, married Antoine Dupré; 2nd marriage 1682, Louis Charrier, Louis,
Marguerite Itas, marriage Jacques Aubuchon dit Le Loyal
Anne Javelot, married Jacques Leboeuf
Marguerite Jourdain, married Bernard Delpêche dit Bélair; 2nd marriage 1689, Louis Mageau dit Maisonseule
Geneviève Laîné, married Pierre De Vanchy,
Antoinette Lamoureux, (arrivé 1667) not married this year
Louise Landry, married Pierre Content,
Marie Larteau, (arrivé 1667) not married this year
Marie Lasnon, married Pierre Feret, Pierre; 2nd marriage 1701. Pierre Ledoux dit Latreille,
Catherine Laurent, married Moïse Hilaret,
Gabrielle Lemaître, (arrivé 1667) not married this year
Marie Léonard, married René Rémy dit Champagne
Marie-Rogère Lepage, married Roch Thoéry, Sieur de L’Ormeau; 2nd marriage Jean-Baptiste Peuvret,
Jeanne Levasseur, married Barthélemy Tesson,
Catherine Marchand, married Laurent Nafrechou,
Reine Martin, (arrivé 1667) not married this year
Marie Michel, married Charles Morin,
Catherine Moitié, married Désiré Viger, Désiré; 2nd marriage Jean Poirier dit Lajeunesse
Madeleine Niel, married Étienne Charles dit Lajeunesse
Marie Madeleine Olivier, b-1642, married Thomas Rousseau,
Marie-Madeleine Ouache, (arrivé 1667) not married this year
Françoise Piéton, married André Achin dit St-André
Marie Quequejeu, married Pierre Rivault,
Marguerite Renaud, married Emmanuel Lopez dit Madère
Geneviève Rigaud, married Pierre Têtu, Sieur Dutilly
Anne Rousseau, married Pierre Jouineau,
Marie Roy, married Mathurin Thibodeau dit Lalime
Geneviève Sageot,married Antoine Adhémar, Sieur de St-Martin
Marie Sel, married Nicolas Guillemet; 2nd marriage 1701 Jean Flibot; 3rd marriage 1711, Vincent Bériau,
Louise Senécal, married Pierre Guilbault,
Catherine Topsan, married Julien Dumont dit Lafleur
Ursule-Madeleine Turbar, b-1649, married Jean Gély dit Laverdure; 2nd marriage 1689 François Hubert
Marie Varin, married René Branche; 2nd marriage 1681 Pierre Courois dit Lacroix; 3rd marriage 1684 Anicet Boyer dit Jolicoeur
Catherine Vieillot, married Jacques Dubois; 2nd marriage 1675 Pierre Guénet,
The first Canadian census recorded 3,215 non-Native inhabitants.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Artaut, Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Artaut, Sieur de la Tour, b-1630 married 1664 Trois Rivieres, Louise Sauvagesse, b-1621; married 1680, Michel Des Rosiers
(II)-Marie Artaut, Metis, b-1667 in the country, daughter (I)-Pierre Artaut, Sieur de la Tour, b-1630 country married 1670 Louise Sauvagesse, b-1621; married 1680 Michel des Rosiers dit St. Michel.
(II)-Marie Charlotte Charron, Metis, b-1667, New France, daughter (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, of New France, baptized March 30, 1646 La Rochelle, France. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France: married 1st. 1686 November 30, 1686 Boucherville, Claude Louis Le Mer: married 2nd. 1700, Raymond Vegard.
Trois Rivieres, Quebec, birth (III)-Isabelle-Elisabeth Couc dit Lafleur/Montour, dit la femme de Tichenet and La Tichenette, (aka La Chenette), Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699); 1st married April 30, 1684, Sorel, Richelieu, Quebec, Joachim Germano/Germaneau. of Riviere dite du Loup, son Jean Germano/Germaneau and Catherine Choury, Metis; 2nd married 1704 Pierre Tichenet, d-1706 Fort Pontchartrain (Detroit);3rd marriage 1706, Oneida Carandawana.
Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Joseph Crevier Metis son (II)-Jean Crevier Sieur Duvernet-Duvernay, Metis b-1642 and (II)-Marguerite Hertel; married (II)-Angelique LeBoulanger, daughter (I)-Pierre LeBoulanger
Etienne Trudeau (1641-1712) married Adrienne Barbier, who arrived 1642. They had 14 children, three of who became voyageurs.
West L’Ange Gardien is du Fief de Charleville from 1677 to 1694. The settlers of this area, until 1680, starting from the Montmorency River East, are as follows:
(I)-Louis Carreau alias La Fraicheur (b-1621) married 1654 Jeanne Lerouge (b-1625) farming 2 arpent,
(II)-Francois Vesina (b-1644) married 1670 Jeanne Le Marie (b-1645) farming 4 arpent,
(I)-Louis Garnaud (b-1641) married 1663 (I)-Marie Mazoue (b-1644) farming 2 arpent,
Jean Grignon married 1645 Elizabeth Couillart farming 3 arpent,
(I)-Charles Garner (Grenier) (b-1636) married (II)-Marie Louise Vesina and second wife? (Gertrude Couillart) farming 4
arpent,
Raymond Paget alias Quercy &? (Charles Couillart des Islets) farming 6 arpent, Possible (I)-Raymond Pagets who arrived Kebec 1619.
(I)-Jacques Marette alias Lespine (b-1631) married 1660 Marie Paget (b-1648) farming 3 arpent,
(I)-Rene Brisson (b-1635) married 1665 Anne Vesina (b-1651) farming 3 arpent,
North of Marette and Brisson; Nicholas Couillart de Belleroche,
(I)-Jacques Vesina married Marie Bourbon farming 3 arpent,
(II)-Pierre Tetu Du Tilly (b-1636) married 1667 Genevieve Rigault (b-1649) farming 3 arpent,
North of Vesina and Tetu; Arrierre-Fief Maquart (Marguerite Couillart)
Pierre Maheust Des Hazards farming 2 2/3 arpent,
(I)-Jean Trudel (b-1629) married 1655 Quebec a (I)-Marguerite Thomas (b-1634) farming 2 2/3 arpent,
North of Maheust and Trudel; de Jean-Baptiste Le Gardeur (b-1635) married 1656 (II)-Marguerite Nicolet (b-1642)
(Fief Le Gardeur) farming 8 arpent,
Domain du Fief de Charleville farming 6 2/3 arpent,
(I)-Thomas Touchet (b-1626) married Susanne Ferrier (b-1618) farming 3 arpent,
North of Charleville and Touchet; Germain Le Barbier farming 7 arpent,
(I)-Laurent Gignard born 1636 married Marie Elisabeth Sorin (b-1641) farming 3 arpent,
(I)-Antoine Ossant (b-1645) married Marie Vesina farming 2 arpent,
(I)-Jean Jacquereau (b-1628) married 1663 Catherine Guilot farming 2 arpent,
North of Gignard, Ossant and Jacquereau; Arriere Fief Maquart.
The Treaty of Breda restored Acadia to France. Paris largely ignored Acadia, and Quebec’s war with the Iroquois left little time for Acadia concerns. The colonists of Port Royal expanded to establish colonies at Grand Pre, Piziquid (Windsor, Acadia ( Nova Scotia), Cobequid (Truro, Acadia ( Nova Scotia)) and Beaubassin (New Brunswick-Acadia ( Nova Scotia) border). They are living like true republicans, not acknowledging royal or judicial authority. They became a new culture of people called the Acadians. Their natural abundance freed them from daily drudgery, and outsiders considered them lazy, obstinate, ignorant (few could read or write), yet say they have great hospitality are content and practical. The Acadians would suffer for the actions of the Quebec French against the English.
Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) arrived in New France and is granted a signatory at Lachine by the Sulpicians.
The Jesuits believe the upper town of Kebek (Quebec) is of importance only on account of the churches and religious houses.
Caughnawaga across the river from Ville-Marie (Montreal) is established by Father Pierre Raffeix (1633-1724) a Jesuit, for the Onedia and some French settlers and later a group of Mohawes from New York. The settlement moved a number of times finally settling near St. Regis in 1755.
Father Pierre Raffeix (1633-1724) a Jesuit, wintered Isles Perees (Islets in the St. Lawrence, opposite Boucherville, now called Isles Communes).
(I)-Nicolas Perrot (1644-1717) formed a fur trading company.
The parish Ste Foy aka Notre Dame de Foy is established this year.
February 4: A celebration ball was held in New France for their victory over the Iroquois, even though they never engaged them in combat. The ball was reported to be the first in Canada and was given by sieur Chartier’s. The Jesuits prayed, “that it do not set a precedent.”
February 5: The mining of iron ore began at Trois Rivieres this year.
February 24: Quebec, birth (III)-Francois Miville. Metis, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687
February 28: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Jean Francois Langlois, Metis, son (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau: married 1692 Genevieve Rousseau.
March 7: Quebec, birth (III)-Jean Cote, Metis, died November 3, 1687 son (II)-Louis Cote d-1669 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis b-1645:
March 27: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) arrived at New France, having been relieved of his vows to the Society of Jesus (Jesuit) because of mental instability (moral weakness).
April: The Iroquois Nation sued for a peace that was to last for approximately twenty years. Four hundred soldiers elected to stay in New France, most settled along the Richelieu and St. Lawrence Rivers as a buffer to the Iroquois. Charlesbourg, seven kilometers north of Fort Quebec, was created by (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694), the Intendant at the time, to reduce the population pressure on Fort Quebec. Three separate communities called Bour Royal, Bourg La Reine and Bourg Talon have erected forty houses. A shrewd plan to make these new villages easy of defense, the tracts of land for individual use cut in triangle shapes. The houses built at the narrow angle where the tips of all the tracts came together for security against attack. Shipbuilding was introduced by (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694), and by 1667, the building of six ships employed three hundred and fifty men. The Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, is returned to France.
April 2: King Louis XIV issued a civil code for New France and established courts.
April 16: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Pierre Cloutier, Metis, son (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married February 27, 1696, Chateau Richer, Jeanne Verreau
April 28: Quebec, birth (II)-Simon Fournier, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married 1691, Catherine.
May 5, Ste Famille, birth (III)-Marie Pelletier, Metis, died November 6, 1725 Cap St. Ignace, daughter (I)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1698) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); 1st married May 5, 1686 Cap St. Ignace, Jacques Gerber; 2nd married November 26, 1700 Cap Ste Ignace, Mathieu Geillet
June 28: A coiner of counterfeit money is hanged in Kabek (Quebec).
July 19: Sieur Bondy, while intoxicated, was drowned near the Island of Orleans, he was buried like a dog, near the Jesuit Mill.
July 25: Chateau Richer, marriage (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, born July 12, 1639 son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis d-1684; married (II)-Suzanne Page..
July 31: The treaty of Breda returned Acadia to the French.
August 6: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Couc, Metis son (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur b-1624, and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e, Algonquine sauvagesse (1631-1699).
August 7, Ste Family, birth (II)-Pierre Cordeau, Metis son (I)-Jean Cordeau dit Desloriers b-1636 and Catherine Latour dit Simonet Metis (1638-1678)
August 16: Quebec, birth (III)-Marie Nicole Martin Metis daughter (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 and Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier.
August 25: The French King sent 350 laboring men and 60 girls, to Kabek (Quebec), to populate the country. Horses and sheep are also provided.
August 28: Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, military governor New France, departed for France.
September 14: Father Francois Elie is dismissed by the Jesuits, leaving under secular garb and under the name sieur de Bennecour.
September 25: A number of girls, over 80, and more than 100 workmen, 14 or 15 horses arrived in Kabek (Quebec).
October 24: Quebec, marriage Barthelemy Tesson to Jeanne Levasseur, a Kings Daughter, making her the 5th of his 6th wives 4 of whom are still in France.
October 27: One hundred and nine (109) young ladies (Filles du Roi) arrived in Quebec from Dieppe and La Rochelle; 84 from Dieppe, 25 from La Rochelle. Only 15-20 were from good families, several are real young ladies and well brought, up according to (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694). He had requested 50 from good families. The term young ladies could include girls from 12 to 30 years of age. Real young ladies must suggest less than 12 years of age? This shipment of girls arrived in poor condition, being badly fed and robbed of half their clothing. (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) tried to charm them out of their sadness and helped them regain their vigor and plumpness. He did this to ensure early marriage and to prevent this becoming an obstacle to sending young ladies next year.
November 30: A man was hanged for having ravished a little girl, eleven years of age.
December 7: Ste Familie, birth II)-Jean Baptiste Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-164; married 1697 Madeleine Blouard.
1668
The mission Boucherville de la Province de Quebec is established this year. Pierre Boucher began farming this year but did not receive his Seigneury until 1672 when he built a palisade to protect the community from the Iroquois.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1668 and entered into contract of marriage
Frances Aubé, married Michel Roy dit Châtellerault, said his name is Chatellerault
Frances Baiselat, b-1646 married Laurentr Cambin, Laurent, dit Larivière, said his name is Lariviere; 2nd marriage 1670 Pierre-Francois Marsan dit Lapierre, said name is Lapierre, married 3rd 1693 Andre Corbeil dit Tranchemontagne, said his name is Tranchemontagne, January 4, 1693
Frances Barbery, married René Dardenne,
Mary Benoit, married Pierre Favreau dit Deslauriers, said his name was Deslauriers
Louise Bercier, , married Michel Feuillon,
Lucretia Billot, (illegitimate child, Louise n. 1668), married Jean Sigouin, Jean,
Mary Boileau, married Pierre Chauvin; 2nd marriage 1669, Simon Chamberland; 3rd marriage 1690, Jean Jolin,
Françoise Boivin, married Louis Lamoureux,
Mary Bouart, married Jacques Antrade; 2nd marriage 1672 Francois Dessureaux dit Le Bourguignon and Laplante, said his name was Le Laplante; 3rd marriage 1689, Jean Boismené,
Marie Bouillon, Marie, married Alexandre (Alexander) Téchenay,
Marie Bourgeois, married Jacques Anet,
Mary Caille, married Pierre Paquet,
Silvina Carcireux, married Antoine Andrieu,
Margaret Chabert La Charière, married Jacques Dumesnil,Sieur de St-Marc
Michelle Charlier, married Massé Besnier; 2nd marrage 1684 Laurent Castel; 3rd marriage 1710 Louis Petit
Margaret Charpentier, b-1641, married René Meunier dit Laramée, said his name is Laramee; 2nd marriage John Fanie
Marie Chauvet, married Pierre Faye dit Villefagnan, said his name is Villefagnan
Frances Chevalier, married Jacques Habert,
Joan Collet, married Grégoire Simon,
Antoinette M. Companion, married Jacques Gerny,
Marie Dallon, married Pierre Bissonnet; 2nd marriage1693 Jacques Anet; 3rd marrioage1694 Pierre-Guillaume Hublé,
Mary Dalton, married Pierre Bissonnet; 2nd marriage 1693 Jacques Anet; 3rd marriage 1694, Pierre-Guillaume, Hublé,
Claude Damis, (illegitimate child, Andrew c. 1676), married Pierre Perthuis dit Lalime, said his name is Lalime
Helen Damours, married Louis Foucher dit Laforest, said his name is Laforest; 2nd 1686 marriage Isaac Lemire,
Esther Dannessé, said her name is De Longchamps, married François Couillard dit Lafontaine; 2nd marriage 1688 Pierre Janson dit Lapalme, said his name is Lapalme,
Jeanne-Claude De Boisandré, married Louis Lachaise, Louis; 2nd marriage 1686 Jean Létourneau,
Joan Déchard, married Jean Collet dit Le Picard, said his name is Le Picard
Marie De Lamarre, Marie, married Guillaume (William) Renaud,
Catherine De Lostelneau, married Charles Denis,
Marie Angelique De Portas, married Jean Lecompte,
Claude Deschalets, married Simeon Roy dit Ody, said his name was Ody
Elizabeth Deschalets, married François Paris,
Madeleine Deschalets, married Jean Giron,
Marie Deshayes, married Adrien Bétourné dit Laviolette, said his name is Laviolette,
Mary Devault, married Antoine Emery dit Coderre, said his name is Coderre
Barbara Dumont, married François Breton; 2nd marriage 1702 Raymond Courrier dit Bourdelais, said his name is Bourdelais
Hope Durosaire, married Simon Longueville,
Margaret Eloy, marriage Jean Cosset; 2nd marriage 1688 Jean Collet dit Le Picard, said his name is Le Picard,
Marie-Jeanne Fauconnier, married Antoine-Nicolas Dufresne,
Louise Faure, said her name is Planchet, b-1636, married Pierre Gagné,
Catherine Ferre, married Louis Lefebvre,
Madeleine Gaumond, married Jean Langlois; 2nd marriage 1670, Pierre François,
Marie-Jeanne Gauthier, married Gilles Masson,
Joan Groisard, married Zacharie Dupuis,
Françoise Guillin, married André Trajot; 2nd marriage 1709 Claude Robillard,
Marie Guyet, married Pierre Ledoux dit Latreille,
Jeanne Hardy, married Francois Trottain dit St-Surin,
Françoise Hébert, Married Jean Baptiste dit St-Amour; 2nd marriage Philippe Cazelier dit Laverdure,
Elisabeth Hubert, married Louis Bolduc
Marie Hué, married Jean Boesme,
Anne Julien, Married Nicolas Choquet dit Champagne
Marguerite Lamirault, married Honoré Martel dit Lamontagne
Jacqueline Langlois, b-1645, marriage Jean Mee; 2md marriage 1678 Gilles Galipeau dit Lepoitevin
Marie Langlois, married Jean Poirier dit Lajeunesse
Madeleine Larcher,married Elie Voisin,
Françoise Larchevêque, married Jean Dubuc,
Marie Lebrun, married Pierre Barbary dit Grandmaison
Anne Leclerc, married Vincent. Chrétien,
Françoise Leclerc, married Michel. Rifault,
Madeleine Leguay, married Jeqan Garnier
Catherine Leloup, married Isaac Nafrechou,
Andrée Lépine, married Claude Chasle,
Elizabeth Lequin, married Jean Gaigneur dit Laframboise; 2nd marriage 1671 , Étienne Léveillé; 3rd marriage 1688, Pierre Girard
Michelle Lesdiller, ,married Nicolas Milet dit Marandais; 2nd marriage 1685 Pierre Gilbert dit Lachasse,
Marguerite Levaigneur, married Léonard Montreau dit Francoeur
Marie Liardin, married Pierre Lancougnier dit Lacroix
Marie Major, married Antoine Roy dit Desjardins
Anne Michel, married Jacques Paviot dit Lapensée; 2nd marriage 1674, Jean Massault dit St-Martin
Jacquet Michel married Jacques Mignier dit Lagacé, said his name was Lagace,
Mary Mullois, married Pierre De St-Ours, Sieur de l’échaillon,
Marie Pasquier, said her name is Defranclieu, married Charles Couillard, Sieur des Islets et de Beaumont,
Catherine Paul, married Jean De Chambre dit Lachambre,
Mary Paviot, married Antoine Mondin,
Mary Magdalene Philip, married Pierre Tousignant dit Lapointe, said his name is Lapointe
Françoise Monvoisin, married Nicolas Gariteau; 2nd marriage 1672 Marin Gervais
Michelle Ouinville, married Nicolas Barabé; 2nd marriage 1677 Michel Lemay, Michel; third marriage 1685 Louis Montenu,
Marie-Rose Petit, married Hilaire Frappier, Hilaire; 2nd marriage 1714 François Chanluc dit Lagrange,
Marie Piton, married Jean Bergevin dit Langevin, said his name is Langevin
Anne Poitraud, married René Bruneau dit Jolicoeur, said his name is Jolicoeur
Catherine Relot, married Charles Badier dit Laforest, said his name is Laforest
Mary Renaud, married François Leroux dit Cardinal, said his name is Cardinal
Madeleine Rentier, known as Courcoul, married Pliver Roy, Olivier,
Margaret Robineau, married Michel Gauron dit Petitbois, said his name is Petitbois
Mary Robineau, married Jean-Pierre Forgues, dit Monrougeau, said his name is Monrougeau
Henriette Rousseau, married Étienne Pacquet,
Charlotte Roussel, married (I)-Pierre Gauthier dit Sanguingoira, said his name is Sanguingoira (1629-1703)
Marie-Marguerite Routy, married Nicolas Guillaud Sieur Delachaume,
Anne Seigneur, married Jean Besset dit Brisetout, said his name is Brisetout
Jeanne Touzé, married Jean Gazaille dit St-Germain
Marguerite Vaillant, married Jean Dania,
Louise Vaucher, marrier Jean Delguel dit Labrèche
Eighty four marriages, two hundred eleven births and thirty one deaths are recorded in New France.
Quebec birth of illegitmate Jacques Boucault, mother Jeanne Marguerite Boucault, (Tanguay puts her birth as 1661 but this must be an error), Fille du Roi. father not know, Jeanne married Louis Colombe
The king of France Louis XIV offered 150 livres to Indian girls to marry Frenchmen.
(II)-Marie Francoise Froget, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis; married Maurice Pasquier.
Les Filles du Roi, most listed their place of birth as Paris but this was not necessarily true. Charitable institutions, where they received and housed orphans and poor girls who were the primary target sources. They were mostly orphans and came from Normandie, Aunis, Poitou, Champagn, Picardy, Orleans and Beauce. The following Alsale, Dauphine, Provence, Lauguedoc, Rousillon, Bearu, Gascory and county of Foix would not participate, however some claimed to be from some of these locations. We assume they were French but Moor, Portuguese, German and Hollandaise to name a few, were included. There was an Indian nation of Brazil or Moorish nation, born in Brazil listed as Fille du Roi. Most are orphans, some were not and some had already given birth to a child. It is likely some savages, were included who were sent to France for education and eventual marriage to Quebec Frenchmen. They argue these girls were sent to Paris, Bordeaux, Tours and La Rochelle. However deception was not uncommon. All Fille du Roi arrived Quebec but some went on to Trois-Rivieres and Montreal. City raised girls were not desired as they were considered lightheaded and lazy. Some girls were as young as 13 years. Good virtue was a perquisite but easy virtue and boisterous, rebellious nature did make it into their numbers. Only 11% of Fillies du Roi had lost both parents.
Marie de I’lncarnation, mother superior of the Ursuline convent at Quebec wrote: “From now on, we only want to ask for village girls who are as fit for work as men, experience having shown that those who are not raised [in the country] are not fit for the country.” She also wrote this year “We have Francized several young savage woman, both Huron and Algonquin, who we then married to Frenchmen and they are getting along very well together. There is one in particular who knows how to read and write perfectly, both in her native Huron and in French. No-one can tell her apart or be convinced that she was born a savage”. “For this purpose, Mgr our Prelate, has taken a great number of them, all dressed like French people and are taught to read and write as in France”.
(II)-Nicolas Volant de St. Claude, b-1668, Metis, died January 26, 1703, Quebec, son (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636: married Marguerite Godfroy: married July 30, 1696, Quebec, Genevieve Niel
Marie Sauvagesse b-1668 a Micmac, died August 19, 1738 Ste Anne de la Pocatiere married to Francois Valo.
The King of France wants the Savages children brought up in the French manner of life, in order to civilize them. It was noted the French have as many as 15-16 children whereas the Savages have 2-3 children.
As a result of a suggestion from the Jesuit, (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) saw to the building of the first brewery in St. Charles, a section of Fort Quebec, that could produce four thousand hogs-heads of beer annually. Father Francois Le Mercier wrote that this would force a decrease in the use of intoxicating drinks. Moreover, it will keep in the country, the money now sent to buy much liquor in France. It will use the super-abundance of grain. The population of New France is 6,282 persons.
Father Gabriel Sagard urged the Wendat toward the virtues of chastity. The Wendat asked that if chastity is such a fine thing, why did not all the French Christians practice it? Father Gabriel Sagard commenced pressure on the Intendant. This is the same priest who said Etienne Brule (1592-1632) was much addicted to women. The Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) responded to the clerical pressure and forbade bachelors to hunt, fish or trade with the Natives. The Jesuit, to this time had been focusing their missionary attention on the Wendat (Huron) without much success. They began their campaign against the Algonkin for the first time this year.
This year, 78 girls arrived in New France from France that included a Moor, Portuguese, German and Dutch. Many of these girls are town girls little or not at all prepared to work on the land. Some girls are drawn from the General Hospital in Paris and have a considerable inheritance. It is noteworthy that only 41% or 250 of 606 Filles du Roi marriages received a dowry granted by the King. Only 5 received 100 livres as promised, and 2 received 200 livres.
New France no longer wish to ask for only Country Girls (Filles du Roi), as capable of working as men are. Experience has shown that those who have not been raised to it are not suitable here. Therefore, Anne Gasnier (1611-1698) was chosen to go to France to screen future young ladies.
Sault Saint Louis, later called Caughnanaga, is established when Father Pierre Raffeix (1633-1724) a Jesuit, invited Ieven Oneida and Mohawk to settle on Jesuit lands across the river from the Island of Montreal. Other Indian settlements include Sillery, Cap de la Madeleine, Lorette and Saint Francois near Lac St. Pierre. The rules are strict. Drunkenness is punishable by imprisonment, forfeit of any lands held and expulsion. Daily prayers are required. The priests scrutinize every aspect of daily life. Self-flagellation, sleeping on a bed of thorns and other masochistic practices are endorsed. Frontanac claimed that the Jesuits sought to isolate and control the Indians rather than follow the Royal Policy of assimilation.
Marie de I’Incarnation, foundress of the Ursuline Order in New France (1639), wrote: “We have observed that of a hundred that have passed through our hands we have scarcely civilized one. We find docility and intelligence in these girls but, when we are least expecting it, they clamber over our walls and go off to run with their kinsmen in the woods, finding more to please them there than in all the amenities of our French house.” It is amazing that the Recollects, Jesuits and now the Ursuline have all failed in their attempts to Christianize and civilize the Savages. It is hard to believe the the French religious had not rationalized that maybe the French were neither civilized nor Christianized. The Jesuit introduced physical punishment of children, intolerance of other religious beliefs, intolerance of other cultures and were very poor in personal hygiene; only bathing once a year. They offered the French/Catholic yoke vs. freedom, they offered eternal fire and damnation vs. love and understanding. The Jesuits believed that a nomadic life was contrary to the laws of the Roman Catholic Church and incompatible with Christian life. The early Jesuits were called wa-mit-ig-oshe or men who wave a piece of wood over their heads.
Although Jean Talon, Intendant boasted that New France had produced a surplus of wheat. The poor peasants would toss manure into the St. Lawrence River than use it to fertilize their fields. They exhausted the soil by failing to practice crop rotation. The did not feed their cattle properly and instead of raising cows and sheep, they preferred to keep horses for joyriding. The potato didn’t become a staple food in Quebec until the 1800′s.
Parish of Chambly aka St. Joseph de Chambly is established this year
January 2: Quebec, birth (II)-Simon Soumande, Metis, died November 13, 1695, Quebec, son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
February 28: Quebec, birth (III)-Louise Pinguet, Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; married Gaspard Petit.
March 16: Sillery (III)-Genevieve Pelletier Metis daughter (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau; married May 14, 1690 Montreal, Jacques Desgagnes..
August 14: Montreal, birth, (II)-Louise Froget, Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis; married 1691, Montreal Elizabeth Ethier
September 6: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Jean Cote, Metis, died October 5, 1668, Chateau Richer son (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page
October 22: (I)-Claude de Boutroue d’Aubigny (1620-1680) is appointed Intendant of New France from 1668 to July 1669.
November 16: The habitants of New France abandon their farms and their families to go with the fur trade, sometimes without permission, among the Savage Nations. Many give themselves up to debauchery, living a dissolute life to the scandal of the Savages. They settle among the Savages to avoid paying their creditors. They lead the savages to trade with the English.
November 18: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Charles Gervaise, Metis, son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married October 29, 1693, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Marie Boyer
December 1: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Charles Langlois, Metis, son (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau:
1669
The mission L’Ange Gardien de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1669 and entered into contract of marriage
Mary Allence, married Louis Tardif,
Mary Arcular, married Claude Lefebvre dit Boulanger said his name is Boulanger; 2nd marriage 1692 Pierre Lejamble
Francoise Ancelin, married Guillaume Valade dit Asselin, said his name is Asselin
Jeanne Aubert, married Jean Bisson dit Provençal; 2nd marriage 1669 Jean Bisson, said Provencal; 3rd marriage 1677 Joseph De Morache
Marie Catherin Baillon b-1645 married Jacques Miville dit Deschenes
Mary Bardou, married Mathurin Drouet dit Grandmaison, said his name is Grandmaison
Jeanne Bernard, married Jacques Thuillier dit Desvignets, said his name is Desvignets
Anne Bertault, married Robert Chartier,
Marie Bertin, said her name is Breval, married Charles Séguin; 2nd marriage Pierre Luneau,
Mary Boileau, married Pierre Chauvin: 2nd marriage 1669 Simon Chamberland,
m. m. 3: Jolin, Jean, le 4 avril, 1690 3: Jolin, John, April 4, 1690
Lucretia Billot, (illegitimate child, Louise n. 1668), married Jean Sigouin,
Mary Birard, married Pierre Pivin dit Larécompense, said his name is Larécompense
Elizabeth Blais, married Pierre Roche, Pierre; 2nd marriage Vincent Guillot,
Margaret Blaise, married Jean Paquet; 2nd marriage 1670 Isaac Harnois, Isaac,
Marie Bonheur, married Paul Inard dit Provençal, said his name is Provencal
Mary Boutard, married Pierre Bourgery,
Marie Brabant, married Jean De Lalonde dit Lespérance, said his name is Lesperance; 2nd marriage 1688 Pierre Tabault,
Catherine Bureau, married Étienne Corriveau; 2nd marriage Simon Darme
Andree Caillaud, married Denis. Thibault,
Mary Cartignier, married Germain Vanier; 2nd marriage 1685 Jacques Caillé
m. m. 3: Tessier, Marc, le 3 septembre, 1691 3: Tessier, Marc, September 3, 1691
Renee Chanfrain, married Pierre Garand
Margaret Charpentier, married Toussaint Lucas dit Lagarde, said his name is Lagarde
Joan Chartier, married Pierre Rousset dit Beaucourt, said his name is Beaucourt; 2nd marriage François Lavergne,
Margaret Chemereau, married Jean Piet dit Trempe, said his name is Trempe,
Mary Coignard, married Robert Germain
Mary Coipel, married Guillaume Fagot; 2nd marriage 1677 Claude Renard dit Deslauriers, said his name is Deslauriers,
Anne Colin, married Vincent Boissonneau dit Saintonge, said his name is Saintonge
Marie Couet, married Jean Leclerc,
Charlotte Coy, married Jean Brard dit La Reverdra, said his name is La Reverdra; 2nd marriage 1678 Pierre Brunion dit Lapierre, said his name is Lapierre
Joan Crosnier, married François Magnan,
Martinez Crosnier, married Philippe Destroismaisons dit Picard, said his name is Picard
Frances Cure, married Lucas Loiseau
Marie Dain, married François Marquet,
Mary Damois, married Léonard Faucher dit Saint-Maurice, said his name is Saint-Maurice
Catherine De Baillon, married Jacques Miville dit Deschenes, said his name is Deschenes
Mary De Lacour, married Gabriel Roger
François De Lacroix, married René Hubert
Catherine De Lahaye, married Pierre Guignard; 2nd marriage 1685 Étienne Rageat dit Le Lyonnais, said his name is Le Lyonnais; 3rd marriage 1689 Pierre Cordier
Marie-Claude Delahogue, married Jean Sédilot
Margaret Delorme, married René Chartier,
Jeanne Judith De Matras, married Charles Legardeur Sieur Devilliers,
Anne D’ Esquincourt, married Jacques Damien; 2nd marriage 1687 Maurice Olivier,
Anne DeQuain, married François Lareau,
Anne Deschamps, married Michel. Boutet dit Lépine, said his name is Lepine,
LISTED AMONG THE FILLE DU ROI IN 1667 ?
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1643), married Pierre Pouillard, October 12, 1667
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1647), married Michel Verret, Michel, dit Laverdure, October 13, 1669 Michel Verret,
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1656), married 1672, Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre, 1672;
Possibility Marie Deschamps is a savague?
Frances Desfosses, married Jacques Bidet dit desroussels,
Louise Desgranges, m. Delisle, Louis, le 15 octobre, 1669 Delisle, Louis
Louise Desgranges, married Louis Delisle
Marie Deshayes, married Adrien Bétourné dit Laviolette, said his name is Laviolette,
Catherine Desmarais, married François Hileret
Stephanie Desmarais, married Pierre Beaudin
Françoise Desportes, married Pierre Renaud dit Locat, said his name is Locat,
Marie-Agnes Destouches, married Charles Dompierre dit St-Martin, said his name is St. Martin; 2nd marriage 1690 François Garinet
Anne Dodin, married Jean Mouflet dit Champagne, said his name is Champagne
Ambrose Doiett, married Jacques Magnan,
Barbara Dorange, married Jacques Tardif
Catherine Doribeau, married Jacuqes Genest dit Labarre, said his name is Jacuqes Labarre
Antoinette Dumontier, married Jacques Martineau
Joan Fauvault, married Jacques Provost
Nicole Fleming, married Louis Leparc dit St-Louis, said his name is St. Louis
Mary Fleureau, married Jean Delaunay,
Marie Gaillard ou Daire, married Jean-Baptiste Perrier dit Lafleur, said his name is Lafleur; 2nd marriage 1682, Jean Sabourin,
Mary Gauthier, married Pierre Prou
Joan Leonard Genest, married Noël Cardin; 2nd marriage 1671 Pierre Loiseau,
Anne Giraud (Giraut), married 1669 (I)-Mathurin Gauthier (Gautier) (1633-1711)
Anne Godeby, married Julien Talua dit Vendamont, said his name is Vendamont
Joan Godequin, married Vincent Croteau
Anne Goiset, married André Albert dit Laroche, said his name is Laroche
Marie-Madeleine Grangeon, married Martin Richard, Marin (Marino) dit Lavallée, said his name is Lavallee
Madeleine Groleau, married François Marchand
Catherine Guichelin, married Nicolas Buteau; 2nd marriage 1708 Charles Tissiau dit St-Germain, said his name is St. Germain; 3rd marriage 1716 Jean Roy dit Lapensée, said his name is Lapensée
Marie-Madeleine Guilleboeuf, married Jean Plouf; 2nd marriage 1702 Louis Foisy,
Madeleine Guillodeau, married Jean Poitevin dit Laviolette, said his name is Laviolette
Perrette Hali, married Antoine Bordeleau dit Laforest, said his name is Laforest
Madeleine Haneton, married Joachim Reguindeau dit Joachim, said his name is Joachim Joachim
Mary Hatanville, married Robert Senate; 2nd marriage 1683 Jean Fauconnet dit Lafleur, said his name is Lafleur; 3rd marriage 1683 Charles Martin
m. m. 4. 4. César, François, dit La Gardelette, le 25 février, 1686 Caesar, Francis, told The gardelette, February 25, 1686
Perrine Hutru, married Théodore Sureau the Elder
Mary Jalais, married Jean Lauzé dit Matha, said his name is John Matha; 2nd marriage 1680 Robert Leclerc,
Mary Jodon, married André Barbeau dit Laforest, said his name is Laforest
Charlotte Joly, married Antoine Drapeau
Renee Labastille b-1649, said her name is Martin, married 1669 (I)-René Gauthier dit Larose, said his name is Larose (1626-1687)
Joan Labbe, married Jean Élie dit Breton, said his name is Breton
Denise Leclerc, married Claude Delomay; 2nd marriage 1703 Marin Dalleray
Anne Laine, married Étienne Content; 2nd marriage René Bisson dit Lépine, said his name is Lepine; 3rd marriage 1708 Marc Tessier
Charlotte Lamarche, married Jacques Lussier
Joan Lambert, married Étienne (Stephen) Bellinier dit La Ruine, said his name is La Ruine
Frances Latier, married Jean Levert
Marie Lefebvre, married Jean Delastre dit Lajeunesse, said his name is Lajeunesse
Barbara Lefebvre, said her name is Lacroix, married Mathurin Goyer dit Laviolette, said his name is Laviolette
Antoinette Legrand, married Nicolas Prunier dit Picard, said his name was Picard; 2nd marriage 1693 Thomas Neveu dit Lacroix, said his name is Lacroix
Joan Legendre, married Claude Sauvageau
Antoinette Legrand, married Nicolas Prunier dit Picard said his name is Picard; 2nd marriage 1693, Thomas Neveu dit Lacroix, said his name is Lacroix,
Nicolle Legrand, married François Noël,
Madeleine Leguay, married Jacques Larchevêque
Marie Lemaire, married Pierre Ratel,
Antoinette Lenoir, said her name is Pirois, married Jacques Leboeuf,
m. m. 2. 2. Arcouet, Jean, dit Lajeunesse, le 18 juillet, 1701 Arcouet, Jean, said Lajeunesse, July 18, 1701
François Loiseau, married Mathurin Grégoire,
Joan Magdelain, married Antoine Tapin
Joan Mansion, married Jean Cherlot dit Desmoulins, said his name is Desmoulins; 2nd marriage 1712 Vincent Tudault
Marie Marchessault, married Pierre Boutin; 2nd marriage 1670 Jean Michel,
Margaret Marshall, said her name is Dubois, married Sébastien Doison
Barbara Menard, b-1649 married Antoine Vermet (Vermette) dit Laforme, said his name is Laforme
Anne Michel, married Jacques Paviot dit Lapensée, said his name is Lapensée; 2nd marriage 1674 Jean (John) Massault dit St-Martin, said his name is Saint-Martin
Francoise Millot, married Lepicq; 2nd marriage 1688 René Mezeray dit Nopces; 3rd marriage 1697, Léonard Debord dit Lajeunesse, said his name is Lajeunesse
Charlotte Morin, married Pierre Letendre dit Laliberté, said his name is Laliberte
Mary Morin, married Noël ( Christmas) Boissel
Marguerite Navarre, married Étienne Roy (Stephen King)
Marie Madeleine Normand b-1651 married Alphonse Morin dit Valcourt
Agnes Olivier, Agnes, married Louis Sivadier
Anne Ollery, married Thomas Frérot Sieur de Lachenaye, kid brother, Thomas, Sieur de Lachenaye
Marie Pelletier, married Mathurin Renaud; 2nd marriage 1677, Pierre Canard,; 3rd marriage 1703, Jean Joubert,
Mary Pérodeau, married Georges Stems
Anne Perrault, b-1646 married Pierre Blais
Mary Petit, married Nicolas Delage, Nicolas; 2nd marriage 1686 Mathurin Thibodeau dit Lalime, said his name is Lalime,
Marie-Therese Petit, married Christophe Laurent dit Champagne, said his name is Champagne; 2nd marriage Jean Coitou dit St-Jean, said his name is St. John, 1676
Frances Pilois, married André Barsa dit Lafleur, said his name is Lafleur
Mary Poire, married Jean Hardy
Catherine Poitevin, married Adrien Isabel; 2nd marriage 1676 Jean Bourassa,
Margaret Prevost, married Martin (Fish) Poisson, Martin,
Marie Prevost, married François Bruneau,; 2nd marriage 1681 Jean Chauvet dit Lagerne, said his name is Lagern
Mary Priault, married Pierre Geoffrion
Anne-Michelle Renaud, married Jean Laspron dit Lacharité, said his name is Lacharité
Mary Renaud, married Charles Petit
Mary Richard, married Antoine Daunay
Catherine Roy, married Pierre Salvail; 2nd marriage 1669 Jean De Miray,
Nicole Saulnier, married Jean Brochu
Joan Sederay, married Pierre Picard,
Catherine Suret, b-1651 married Nicolas Fâche,
Margaret Tesson, marriage Jean-Paul Maheu,
Madeleine Tetu, married Jean Joubert,
Cecile (Cecily) Valet, married Michel Durand dit Larose, said his name is Larose
Madeleine Judith Vallée, married Jean Herpin dit Tourangeau, said his name is Tourangeau,
Catherine Verrier, married Pierre Rondeau
Margaret Vitry, married Jacques Déry dit Larose, said his name is Larose
Marie Vogue, married Louis Chiron
Quebec (I)-Renee Chanvreux, arrived Quebec, a Filles du Roi.
Father (I)-Claude Jean Allouez (1613-1689) marched southward from Green Bay into the upper Fox River to establish a mission among the Wisconsin People. He recorded this was a very attractive place of plains and open fields and only 6 days march from the Messi-Sipi River. He stayed in this mission until 1670.
The mission Laprairie de la Province de Quebec near Ville-Marie (Montreal), is established this year, as an Iroquois Mission, by Father Pierre Raffeix (1633-1724), a Jesuit. It was moved around over time and eventually settled at Kalmawake, opposite the Lachine Rapids.
Jacques Martin, Metis, b-1666, Acadia, son Pierre Martin, b-1631 and Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, b-1644; (1671 census)
One hundred and twenty five marriages, two hundred eighty eight births and sixty one deaths are recorded in New France.
Trois Tivieres, Quebec, birth, (III)-Madeleine Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue or Mitedmeg8k8e), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699); married October 1681, Boucherville, (II)-Maurice Menard dit Lafontaine, born June 6, 1664 Trois Rivieres and died May 9, 1741 Chambly. Maurice was a voyager, interpreter at Fort Michilimackinac (Mackinaw City, Michigan).
Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Louis Crevier Metis son (II)-Jean Crevier Sieur Duvernet-Duvernay, Metis b-1642 and (II)-Marguerite Hertel
(II)-Ignace Durand, Metis b-1669, died November 30, 1697, Cap St. Ignace, Quebec, son (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671) and Catherine Annennontank, Huronne b-1649; married February 24, 1691 (II)-Marie Catherine Miville daughter (I)-Jacques Miville, epouse September 16, 1701 Quebec, Rene Beaudoin..
A complaint was filed, stating that the last shipload of girls (‘filles du Roi’) from France had arrived and, being taken from a General Hospital, were not strong enough for farm work.
An ancestor of the Garneau clan, (I)-Robert Germain, was born in 1639, married 1669 Fort Quebec, New France Marie Coignart (Courtier) born 1643.
Monsieur de Courcelle (1665-1672) is ordered to organize the male subjects by appointing Captains, Lieutenants and ensigns so that every two or three years, 1,200 well-armed soldiers can be lead into the lands of the Iroquois and also into other Indian nations to maintain them in their obedience and duties to New France.
The French Minister of Marine, Jean Baptiste Colbert, is ordered by King Louis XIV to make the clergy subordinate to the Governor of New France. About this time, Colbert banned lawyers from practicing in New France.
‘Question Extraordinaire’ (torture used to extract testimony) was used in New France at least 30 times against men and women in New France. The Maitre des Hautes Oeuvres or torture master, bound boards to the defendants shins, inserted wedges, and then struck them with a hammer, painfully crushing the bones of the accused.
The people of New France, on their own, could not call a meeting or public assembly.
The inhabitants killed six Oneidas Indians and took their firs and in the spring of 1670 three soldiers killed a Seneca Chief. To prevent an uprising the three soldier were executed.
Parish of Champlain aka Notre Dame de la Visitation de Champlain is established this year
January 13; Quebec, birth (II)-Noel Vachon, Metis, died August 12, 1699, son (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married October 24, 1695 Beauport, Monique Girou
January 21: Marie Chauvet who married August 16, 1668, Quebec to Pierre Faye dit Vilfaghan is accused of adultery with Pierre Vivien and Etienne Le Roy and is condemned to be shaved and beaten with canes in the public square.
February 19: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (II)- Jean Baptiste Gadois, b-1641, died April 15, 1728 Ville-Marie (Montreal), married (II)-Marguerite Gervaise died January 18, 1690, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Ville-Marie (Montreal); married February 19, 1669, Ville-Marie (Montreal),
April 5: King Louis XIV inaugurated the ‘baby bonus’ in New France to encourage population growth. The parents of 10 legitimate children received a pension of 300 Livres, and 12 children 400 Livres.
April 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Pierre Fournier, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married November 24, 1695, St. Thomas, Marie Isabelle.
April 28 (29): Francois Blanche dit Langivan of Trois Riveres killed Daniel LaMaire dit des Rochers in a duel. This was the first death as a result of dueling in New France. Francois was sentenced to death and executed on July 8, 1669 in Quebec.
May 14: (I)-Jean Talon (1624-1694) is reappointed Intendant of New France from August 18, 1669 to August 1675.
June 8: Quebec, birth (III)-Joseph Miville. Metis, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687); married June 8, 1695, Cap St. Ignace, Genevieve Caron
June 10: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Du Bocq, Metis son (I)-Laurent Du Bocq b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse.
July: Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) falsely claimed to speak fluent Iroquois in order to join a Sulpician expedition into Iroquois country. Upon encountering the Seneca people, he had to admit his total ignorance of their language and departed the expedition to become a Coureurs des Bois. This expedition included 14 men in five canoes plus the Sulpician Dollier de Casson with three canoes and seven recruits along with Abbe Rene de Brehan de Galinee. The expedition soon realized that La Salle, although of wealthy birth ,was totally incompetent. They wrote that he was in a daze, more or less, not knowing where he is going.
September 28, Montreal birth (II)-Jean Gauthier dit Sakingoara Saguingoira, son (I)-Pierre Gauter dit Saguingoira (1629-1703) and Marie Charlotte Roussel b-1646; married 1701 Kaskakia (Illonois) Marie Suzanne Capei8suec8a
October 7: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Soumande, Metis, died May 22, 1716, Quebec, son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637; married October 30, 1698,m Quebec, Anne Chapoux,
October 13: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Francoise Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); 1st married February, 1, 1686, Chateau Richer, Antoine Doyon; 2nd marriage November 16, 1711, Chateau Richer, Joseph Paquier.
October 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage Jean Baptiste Gadois and (II)-Marguerite Gervaise died January 18, 1690, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Ville-Marie (Montreal).
November: On the north shore of Lake Erie, (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) announced he was sick and returning to Quebec. He disappeared into the bush.
November 1: Quebec, birth, (II)-Jean Dubeau, Metis, died September 12, 1743, St. Augustin, son (I)-Laurent Dubeau, b-1636, and Marie Felix d’Arontio, Huronne, sauvahesse, d-1689: married November 22, 1703, St. Augustin, Marguerite Harnois.
December 15: Quebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 to (II)-Elizabeth Langlois (1645-1696) veuve 1662, Quebec, Louis Cote, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) d-1665. Guillaume espouse October 12, 1699 Cap St. Ignace, (III)-Louise Picard, veuve Louis Gagne.
Note:Several ManyRoads readers have questioned the accuracy of some of the Metis claims presented in this document by Mr. Garneau. Should you have evidence that you would like to present refuting the veracity and accuracy of any claims made by Mr. Garneau, which you would like us to present here, please contact us directly.
We are happy to present all relevant information here, in the interest of fairness, full disclosure and accuracy.
The following material is written by: R.D. (Dick) Garneau, who is solely responsible for its accuracy.
1610
Population of Kebec 18 French + 1 Huron
(I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais (1589-1664) and (I)-Pierre Desportes, had given birth to the first living children in New France. Arrived here in the 1610′s, these two families are counted among the first who lived on Kebec soil. (I)-Abraham is listed as married to Marguerite Langlois but birth date and location of birth not recorded.
It is suggested that (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627) is back in Acadia this year until 1613..
Pierre Desportes and Francoise Langlois, b-1600 is the parents of (II)-Helene Desportes, born July 7, 1620, married October 1, 1634 Kebec (II)-Guillaume Hebert, d-1639 and married, 1640 Kebec, (I)-Noel Morin (1616-1680). Francois Langlois, b-1600 is believed the sister of Marguerite Langlois, b-1611, died January 15, 1661, Quebec, 1st married Kebec to (I)-Abraham Martin (1589-1664), 2nd married February 17, 1665, Kebec, Rene Brance: ALSO the sister of Marie Langlois, d-1661, Quebec, married 1625, Jean Juchereau. It is highly unlikely that three sisters would arrive Kebec unrecorded therefore they must be Metis or Savauge? It’s interesting that folks claim a child is 1st, 2nd, 3rd etc. born in Kebec of Whitmen but no mention is made of the color of the wife?
This year Tadoussac, Quebec had too many ships and too few furs due to the great number of European vessels engaged in the fur trade. Furs were becoming more profitable than fish.
Peter Easton, a privateer in Queen Elizabeth 1st’s navy, lost his commission and turned to piracy from 1602 to 1615. This year he built a fort at Harbor Grace, Newfoundland to conduct his pirate business. He recruited Newfoundland sailors for his private navy. He destroyed a Basque fleet, intent on capturing his fort. He practiced his trade down into the Caribbean, raiding Puerto Rico and capturing the Spanish plate fleet in 1614. He was pardoned by King James to become the Marquis of Savoy, and lived the balance of his life in luxury. Barbarism is rewarded by the English.
(II)-Charles Biencourt de St. Just son Pere Poitrincourt is at Port Royal with Champlain.
Some suggest (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) arrived at New France and immediately went to live among the Algoumequins (Algonquinus). Others suggest he arrived in Kebec 1608. Brule took a country wife and is therefore the first family man in Kebec. It is believed Algonquian guides led him into the interior of New France (Canada). It is noteworthy that (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) says (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) was living among the Algonquian since 1608.
The Natives had told the French that the Great Lakes of the Interior takes 30 days to cross. They also speak of a great sea with no end on the West Coast. Some contend that (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633), who arrived New France in 1610, went about this year to live among the Natives as, essentially, a Coureurs des Bois. These same people suggested he traveled as far as Lakes Michigan and Superior this year. Others suggest it was more like 1615, maybe later, before he reached Sault Ste Marie. Others suggest Champlain ordered (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) to encourage the Huron to trade with Kebec. Others suggest Brule is one of the eight survivors of the 1609 illness at Kebec. This opinion is rather strange if Champlain went to war with the Huron against the Iroquois to form an alliance last year. Why would he need to send an emissary into the Huron territory to establish a trading relationship? It is more probable that (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) went native to escape being indentured to Champlain. This would be more consistent with future events. It is noteworthy that Champlain profited by Brule’s activities and likely tolerated his actions.
(I)-Jean de Godet du Parc (d-1627) is in charge of Quebec.
The Jesuits wanted to send missionaries to New France and approached Poutrincourt; a devout Roman Catholic. (II)-Jean Biencourt de Poutrincourt (1557-1615) sailed on February 10 for Port Royal, Acadia without the Jesuits using the pretext that he had to build suitable lodging for the Jesuits. It was no secret that the Poutrincourts hated the Jesuits. He is very suspicious of the motives of the ambitious Jesuits and took his own priest, Father (I)-Jesse Fleche- a secular priest, from Langres, France. Upon arriving, they were greatly surprised that the alleged savages had not molested the deserted Fort in anyway, nor its contents. They considered the savages as being very amiable and having the most humane qualities of gentleness and courtesy.
(II)-Charles de Biencourt Baron de Saint Just (1591-1623) arrived in Port Royal with his father, (I)-Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt (1557-1615) and another priest called Josse Fleseline (Jesse Fleche) to convert the savages. (II)-Charles would effectively be given the Commander status of Port Royal this year. A Captain of the savages complained to Sieur De Poutrincourt, near Port Royal, that a ship from St. Milo has stolen his wife and was abusing her. The guilty party, (II)-Robert the son of (I)-Francois Grave, sieur Du Pont (Pontegrave) (1560-1629), escaped punishment by fleeing into the forest among the savages to become a Coureurs des Bois. Later, he is accused of prejudicing the savages against the French. It is noteworthy that the term ‘Captain of the Savages’ usually referred to a mixed blood or Metis.
(II)-Jesse Fleche baptized Memberton and his nineteen member Native family. A MicMac or Mi’-Kmaq questioned the French for blowing their noses on linen handkerchiefs, asking: “For what purpose do you preserve such a vile thing”?
Thomas de la Wark (1577-1618) arrived Jamestown with 150 settlers and with Samuel Argall (1572-1626) help built two forts on the James River. Thomas would return to England leaving the tyrannical, autocratic Argall in charge of Virginia. He was cruel not only to the French and savages but to his own people. This also demonstrates that Thomas was a poor judge of character which he acknowledged too late.
January 26: Queen Marie would only support (I)-Jean de Biencourt Sieur de Poutrincourt’s (1557-1615) voyage back to Port Royal, Acadia from Dieppe, France, and he took the Jesuits: (I)-Pierre Biard (1567-1622), (I)-Enemond Masse (1575-1646), (I)-Madame de Poutrincourt and her son (II)-Charles Biencourt de Saint Just (1591-1623). The Huguenots who owned the vessel refused to outfit it if the Jesuits were included. Marquise de Guercheville, wife of the Governor of Paris and a strong Jesuit superior, paid the Huguenots for any inconvenience the Jesuit would impose. This settlement failed because Samuel Argall, a Virginia pirate from his base in Jamestown, destroyed Port Royal, Acadie (Acadia) in 1613.
February 26: (I)- Jean de Biencourt, Sieur de Poutrincourt et de Saint-just, (1557-1615) arrived Port Royal with (II)-Charles La Tour (1596-1665) his father (I)-Claude de Saint Etienne La Tour, (II)-Charles Biencourt (1591-1623) and his father.
April 8: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) departed France for Kebec.
April 17: (I)-Henry Hudson entered Hudson Strait.
April 28: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) arrived Tadoussac with 11 tradesmen. When he reached Kebec it was reported to be a mild winter and non had died. However he learned that (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) had left the settlement to live among the Huron.. Prairies (Des) de St. Malo a young man filled with courage went to help Champlain this year.
May 2: The Company of Adventurers and Planters of London and Bristol (1610-1628) is established to the colonization of Newfoundland.
June: (I)-Henry Hudson entered Ungava Bay thinking he had reached the west side of America.
June 13: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) met (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) beyond the Lachine Rapids; he records:
“I had with me a youth who had already spent two winters at Kebec and wanted to go among the Algoumequines (Algonquins) to master their language … learn about their country, see the great lake, take note of the rivers and the peoples living along them; and discover any mines, along with the most curious things about those places and people, so that we might, upon his return, be informed truthfully about them”
Translated: (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) without permission abandoned Kebec to live among the Huron but I must make the best of the situation and again embellish the truth.
(I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) is the first Coureur de Boise out of Kebec, the first European Canadian and many more would follow his lead..
When (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) was brutally tortured and killed by the Huron in 1633 (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) said that it was the fitting death for a traitor. He assumed Etienne led the British to Kebec but this was incorrect. He assumed the Huron killed him because he refused to accept French rule but he was executed for impropriety with women.
June 14: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) led a second expedition against the Iroquois Nation.
June 19: Near the mouth of the Richelieu River, (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) again claimed a successful battle against the Iroquois.
June 24: (I)-Jesse Fleche, who died 1611, is the first recorded Roman Catholic Missionary in Canada working among the MicMac or Mi’-Kmaq. It is noteworthy that La mic-mac is a racist term in Quebec. It means tricky, a small intrigue, a mess. These indigenous Maritime Peoples prefer the term Mi-Kmaq or MiKmaq likely derived from ni’-kmaq meaning kinfolk.
June 28: In Port Royal, the French consider it a delight to engage in trade and make such a handsome profit. Beaver and other skins should total 8,000 livres this year.
(I)-Pierre Du Gua De Monts, (1558-1628) is financially ruined, and sold his proprietary rights to the Jesuits.
The savages at Port Royal can canoe to Kebec in 10-12 days, much faster than by the French in their boats.
July 5: (I)-John Guy (d-1629) is appointed Governor of Newfoundland, and his brother (I)-Phillip Guy founded an English trading post at Cupers (Cupids) Cove near St. John’s, Newfoundland, known as the Sea Forest Plantation, in August. It originally started with 39 members, peaked at 60 and then declined. The colony, however, lasted until the1630′s.
August 3: (I)-Henry Hudson entered Hudson Bay and sailed into James Bay where he decided to winter.
August 8: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) departed Kebec for France, leaving 16 men under command of (I)-Jean de Godet du Parc (d-1627).
Anti-coton, a sarcastic pamphlet is published attacking the Jesuit especially Father Coton, the confessor to King Henry IV, who is executed by the Jesuit or so it is claimed. This and other attacks on the Jesuit is circulating also in Canada.
December 27: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) of the Monts Trading Company, who is well over forty years old, married Helene Bouille (Boulle), (1598-1645) age eleven (some say 12) died December 20, 1654 France, a Protestant and later conversion to Catholic and entered the convent, and daughter of Nicholas Boulle and Margueritte Alix of St. Germain I’Auxerrois, France. This child bride would visit New France from 1619 to 1623Helene Bouille (Boulle), (1598-1645), but basically deserted him. Some suggest (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) was a homosexual and that suited Helene Bouille (Boulle), (1598-1645). She had run away just before her marriage not wanting to marry that old man.
1611
Population of Kebec 16 French + 1 Huron
(I)-Jean Bacheland from Dieppe, Normandy, a Huguenot, is at Port Royal this year and in Acadia in 1612.
(I)-Bouvier, a competitor of the de Monts Trading Company, sent one of his boys to live among the Algonquin when (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) sent (I)-Nicolas de Vignau among the Huron (some say Algonquin). It is noteworthy the the Huron were subordinate to the Algonquin Nation, both in numbers and influence. The Algonquin had previously soundly defeated the more aggressive Iroquois Nation, or so claimed the Iroquois. The Huron (Wendat), an Iroquois speaking Nation, and the Algonquin Nations were friendly neighbors. (I)-Bouvier a merchant was trading the Sault St. Louis, Acadia this year.
(I)-Etienne Brule was an intermediary for the Hurons, since 1611
(I)-Nicolas de Vignau claimed to have explored the Ottawa River to the North Sea (Hudson Bay) and seen the wreckage of an English ship where 8880 English had been killed by the Indians. The Algonkins said he was lying as he had spent the winter with them so he retracted his story. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) doubted his story from the start and forced (I)-Nicolas de Vignau to prove it in 1613.
The savages of Saint John called the French Normans, except the Malouins which they called Samaricois. They call the Basques the Bascua. The Port Royal colony only consisted of 22 men including the two Jesuits Masse and Biard.
The Company of Associates (Rouen Associates) withdrew from the New France fur trade.
The first use of the term Eskimos is by a Jesuit missionary, but not so in the technical sense as Richard Hakluyt, in 1584, used the word Esquimawes, writing about colonizing eastern North America, but it was not published until 1877. Eskimo, however, is from an Algonkian word, believed from the Abnaki meaning “eaters of raw fish”. The Eskimo prefer the word Inuit; meaning people or men that they call themselves.
The Rochelle men refused to join the Company of Associates and continued on with their illicit trade in New France. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) accused the merchants of selling arms and ammunition to the natives, exciting their hostility against the Kebec Company.
(I)-Jean de Biencourt Sieur de Pointrincourt (1557-1615) returned to France leaving his son in command.
Monlina Perez was sent to deal with the English at Jamestown but is capture and Spain is forced to accept the presence of the English in Spanish Virginia.
The Hollanders stopped at Cap de La Heve to take on fresh water, the savages who were friendly to the French, captured 6 including the captain of the ship.
The Grand Sault Rapids were named this year Sault St. Louis after Louis who drowned while trying to run the rapids.
The Jesuits planted apple trees in Acadia 1611 to 1613.
May 21: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) arrived in Kebec from France and traveled as far as the Lachine Rapids, choosing Point Callieres Hochelaga as the site for future Montreal.
May 22: The (I)-Jean de Biencourt Sieur de Poutrincourt’s (1557-1615) party reached Port Royal. The first letter from Port Royal, New France to France is by the Jesuits (I)-Pierre Biard (1567-1622) and (I)-Enemond Masse (1575-1646). Timber is being exported from New France. By the fall, the Jesuit are clashing with (II)-Charles de Biencourt de Poutrincourt de Saint Just (1591-1623). Father Biard accused (I)-Charles de Biencourt (1591-1623) as being selfish and materialistic. The Jesuits are asked to leave the colony, and they, in turn, excommunicated members of the colony. The Jesuits, in July of 1613, leave to establish a religious colony on the Maine coast, but are captured by the British and returned to France. It is noteworthy that no one in Fort Kebec would receive the Jesuit in the future, save the Recollect fathers.
June 12: (I)-Hudson began his return voyage to England but his ship became locked in the ice.
June 13: (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633), having been living with the Algoumequins (Algonquins), encountered (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) near the Lachine Rapids on his way to Kabec with 200 Huron to trade. Brule had learned to speak the language fluently. He immediately departed to go live with the Wendat (Huron). Many more from the small colony would follow (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) such as (I)-Duvernais, (I)-Demerais and (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642). These French would travel with the Huron into the great Lakes region to the west. (I)-Jean Nicolet would travel to the Illinoise.
June 24: (I)-Henry Hudson -an inept captain, first mate Robert Juet- a thug, John King quartermaster- a troublemaker, Abacuck Prickett- a haberdasher, and a rogue named Henry Greene, aboard the Discovery, sailed for the Bay of the North (Hudson from James Bays). His mate, Robert Juet, rebelled and is thrown in irons. Robert Bylot is promoted to mate, but later demoted. They are forced to winter in Ruperts Bay. John Williams is the first to die. An Indian traded a pair of beaver hides, initiating the Bay’s first known fur trade. The carpenter, Philip Staffe, is promoted to mate even though he could neither read nor write. William Wilson, Henry Greene and Rupert Juet organized a mutiny and forced (I)-Hudson, his son (II)-John and six seamen, including (I)-Staffe, into a scallop and cast them off. They are believed to have perished on or near Danby Island, James Bay. The crew, upon returning to England, is acquitted of murder and not charged with mutiny.
July 20: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) departed Kebec for France.
1612
Population of Kebec 16 French
The French explorer (I)-Etienne Brule (1592-1632) is believed to be the first European to see the Great Lakes this year. Etienne Brule (1592-1632) explored Lake Huron in 1612 and is believed to have also explored Lakes Ontario, Erie and Superior after 1615. He probably was the first European to set foot in what is now Pennsylvania.
The Company of Rouen and St. Malo established a far sweeping rule, prohibiting settlers of New France from trading with the Indians. A hundred year tradition of free trade between Europeans and American Natives is violated. More fundamental is the violation of ten thousand years of free trade tradition in the Americas. Trade Control is systemic in design to give power and authority to a few selected people. It tends to perpetuate poor leadership. It also discourages innovation and adaptation.
The Forbans (banished ones, outlaws or pirates) harassed the fishing fleet off Newfoundland. One thousand and eighty men were captured and carried off by force into slavery, between 1612-1620. The bulk of the English and French slave trade was Turkish pirates.
Peter Easton used Harbor Grace, Newfoundland as a base for his ten-vessel pirate fleet. He plundered 30 English ships in St. John’s harbor and raided French and Portuguese ships at Ferryland.
(I)-Nicholas de Vignau reports to (I)-Samuel de Champlain, that he discovered an English shipwreck in the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay) this season. The Natives claim he is a liar and eventually he confesses.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), lieutenant New France, recorded Basque fishermen drying fish 25 km down river from the mouth of the Sagunenay River.
John Davis, being sponsored by London Merchants to mine silver, disappeared and is assumed killed by Inuit or the elements.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) a devout Christian wanted to bring the powerful Jesuit to New France but was rejected.
Thomas Button led an expedition to look for Henry Hudson and find the Northwest Passage and lost a ship in Hudson Bay.
January 26: A supply ship arrived at Port Royal, Acadia with the lay Jesuit (I)-Gilbert du Thet (1575-1613) to act as administrator of the mission. Others suggest he was a priest, the paid spy for Madame de Guercheville guised as a colonist. The Jesuits instigated troubles among the colony even going as far as to excommunicate Commandant (II)-Charles Biencourt (1591-1623). As a result Father Gilbert du Thet (1575-1613) is expelled from the Colony in disgrace and Commandant (II)-Charles Biencourt set out to prevent the Jesuit from becoming predominant to the Colony.
April 14: Thomas Button (d-1634), a Welshman, for the Company of Merchants, sailed the Discover (Hudsons old ship) back to Hudson’s Bay (Bay of the North) to discover the North West Passage and the whereabouts of the Hudson party.
August 15: Thomas Button (d-1634) reached and camped in the estuary of the Nelson River.
October: John Guy explored Trinity Bay, Newfoundland to establish contact with the Beothuk People.
October 8: King Louis XIII decided to continue the New France venture after the collapse of the de Monts Trading Company. He named his nephew, Charles de Bourbon, Compte de Soisson, as the Lieutenant General in New France and De Champlain as his subordinate lieutenant
November 20: Charles de Bourbon died, and Henri de Bourbon, Prince de Conde, replaced him. He gained the fur trade monopoly over New France and is titled Viceroy of New France. He formed The Rouen and St. Milo Company to manage his business in the New World. Gua De Monts became a stockholder in the Company, Gilbert du Thet (1575-1613), a lay Jesuit, became acting administrator of Missions in New France. (I)-Pierre Du Gua De Monts (1558-1628) helped organize the new Company and continued to trade and explore until 1617. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) was confirmed in his post but denied the title of Governor.
1613
Population of Kebec 47 French
After the destruction of Port Royal by Samuel Argall and his men this year: (II)-Charles De Saint Etienne De La Tour (1595-1665), (I)-Charles De Biencourt De Poutrincourt (Biencourt), d-1623 remained in Acadia, with a handful of followers to become Coureur Des Bois. They amased a following of about one hundred Natives, whom they trained in the use of firearms. The group would be bolstered by a few French free traders and Basque fishermen, who also gave up their former lifestyle to embrace the democratic laws of the land. Many also married Mi’Kmaq women and raised Metis children, and most of these unions were love matches. The Mi’Knaq had a paternal society in nature but not as extreme as Europe.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) believed that navigation is the most useful because through it, the idolatry of paganism is overthrown and Christianity proclaimed in all parts of the world. This is the major driving force for the creation of New France, a missionary outpost sustained by a commercial base. The governor of this process was French honor (la gloire) and hate of the English.
(I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1601-1677) is at Kebec this year and was still here as interpreter in 1629. (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) (1587-1677) is a long time interpreter for the Montagnais and Algonkin tribes. Tanguay says b-1601 but the Jesuits say b-1587 which is more accurate. He was called the ‘Little King of Tadoussac’ because he reported direct to the King and was not controlled by (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635)
(I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664 Kebec, married Marguerite Langlois b-1611. This is not possible as Marguerite was only 2 years old. See 1624. It is not known when this family arrived but it was before 1621 and they were here until 1629 but are listed in Tanguay but not in his 1929 list of families. They returned 1635 and had more kids. Also see 1609 & 1610
Thomas Dale, an Englishman, commissioned Samuel Argall to destroy the French settlement in the New World. This is not true as Thomas de la Warr (1577-1618) Governor of Virginia is in England at this time and Samuel Argall (1572-1626) is acting Governor. That the French and English were not at war didn’t seem to matter. They first attacked a French post at Mount Desert Island, killing a Jesuit, wounded several settlers, took prisoners and then razed the buildings. Twenty men were away at the time and avoided deportation to Virginia or England. They were later rescued by the French. Others suggest Samuel Argall (1572-1641), a pirate from Jamestown, Virginia, commanding an English ship for the Virginia Company, was only fishing when he discovered the French settlement of St. Sauveur on Desert Island and attacked for plunder like a common pirate and only later is commissioned by Virginia to clear Acadia of the French. There appears to be lots of differing opinions concerning this man.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) complained about the numerous free traders who rush through the ice to arrive first into New France to trade secretly with the Natives, vying with one another and thereby driving the price too dearly. The French suggest that greediness of gain causes the merchants of France to set out early to trade in New France, even before the ice is out of the Saint Lawrence River system. This rivalry of secret trading (Free Trade) raises the cost of goods and should be replaced with monopoly control to get the best of the Savages.
The trading ships at Tadoussac, Quebec again exceeded the supply of available furs. (I)-Samuel de Champlain’s (1567-1635) drawing shows a small settlement of (I)-Pierre Du Gua de Monts (1558-1628) which included a barracks for Swiss mercenaries on the island St. Croix in Acadia.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) sent two more boys to live among the Huron.
Only 3 Jesuit are in Acadia, brother Duthet is killed along with two other French and four are wounded by the English who also captured the French ship. About 30 survived with one small boat that could hold only 15 men. The English also pillaged and burned Sainte Croix.
The English expel the Jesuits from Acadia.
Pentagoët Bay Acadia was a site where a Jesuit Mission had been established around 1613
Father (I)-Gilbert du Thet (1575-1613) of the Jesuit, who arrived Canada January 23, 1612 is killed St. Sauveur this year by the Englishman Captain Samuel Argall (1572-1641), a pirate from Jamestown, Virginia, acting Governor, commanding an English ship for the Virginia Company,
(I)-Guillaume Couillard (Coullart) Lespinacy (1591-1663) is settled in Kebec with many others, he would marry August 26, 1621 (II)-Guillemette Hebert, b-1604/06/08, died October 20. 1684, Quebec, daughter (I)-Louis Hebert, d-1627 and Marie Rollet, or savage, or Metis, d-1649. Some suggest he didn’t arrive until 1617. It is suggested he married Marie Rollet in 1621. I think there is some confusion between (I)-William Couillard (Coullart) who arrived 1613? *
* (I)-William Couillard (Coullart) who arrived 1613 and who Champlain said he was one of the earliest settlers in Kebec. It was him who Champlain trusted the care of his two savage girls who hew considered his daughters, with a promise they would become foster parents until his return, being sent to France by the English. It is said (I)-William is a son-in-law to Madame Hebert. Some say Louise Couillard b-1625 is his daughter.
The English Captain Samuel Argal (1572-1626) acting Governor Virginia and ex-pirate, came upon the empty Port Royal, plundered it and burnt it to the ground. The French had taken to the woods with no winter provisions or shelter. One Frenchman was surprised that the English had not immediately killed the pernicious Jesuit Father Biard (1567-1622) who was in their custody but it was later determined he led they to Port Royal out of spite.
(I)-John Rolfe, who married Pocahontas, crossed West Indies and Virginia tobacco. He began a major industry for New England, and by 1618 50,000 lbs. of tobacco is being exported to England. The English established free ownership of land; freedom to develop diversified export and encouraged multi-culturalism. The French, in contrast, used the land to bind the people to King and God. They were prohibited in ventures that might compete with France, and multi-culturalism is not allowed.
The Company of Associates (1613-14) included (I)-Pierre Du Gua De Monts (1558-1628), Champlain, Thomas Poree, Lucas Legendre, Mathieu Dusterlo and Daniel Boyer. An attempt was made to oust (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), but it failed.
(II)-Charles de Biencourt (1591-1623) and his followers scattering through the woods around the fortifications of Port Royal searching and digging for groundnuts. Groundnuts, Apios americana or Apios tuberosa, is a member of the pea family, and its dark-red or brown flowers resemble those of sweet pea. The Mi’kmaq called them sequbbun and they taste like chestnut.
Sieur de Biencourt de Pointrincourt de Saint Just (1591-1623) stayed in or about Port Royal area living among the Mi’Kmaq People and his friend (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) also lived among the Natives at Penobscot River, Acadia. Charles married a Mi’Kmaq girl 1 st, then 2nd Marie Jacquelin, d-1645; then 3rd, Jeanne Motin, wido of d’Aulnay
March: Lady de Guereheville is determined to establish her own Acadia colony dominated by the Jesuits. She sends her spy the Jesuit Fathers Gilbert du Thet (1575-1613) and Quastin with orders to pick up Jesuits Father Enemond Masse (1575-1646) and Father Pierre Biard (1567-1622) from Port Royal. This expedition is under command of Rene De Coq de La Saussaye.
March 6: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), with (I)-Nicholas de Vignau, investigated Vignau’s claim that he had seen a shipwrecked English ship in the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay) in 1612. Four French and one Indian was on this trip. (I)-Sieur Georges a merchant of La Rochelle, (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) and (I)-Nicholas de Vignau were named. Vignau would later recant when the Algonquin said he had wintered with them in 1611..
March 12: Rene Le Coq de La Saussaye departed Honfleur for Acadia, arriving on May 16. He sent Antoinette de Pons, Marquise de Guercheville, to stop the discord between (I)-Pierre Biard (1567-1622) the Jesuit, (I)-Enemond Masse (1575-1646) Jesuit and (II)-Charles de Biencourt, (1591-1623) commandant Port . This and the following statement is likely not true as their orders are to remove Biard and Masse from Port Acadia.
May 21: Rene Le Coq de La Saussaye expelled (I)-Pierre Biard (1567-1622), Jesuit, and (I)-Enemond Masse (1575-1646), Jesuit, from Port Royal, then sailed to Frenchman’s Bay, Maine to establish of Saint Saveur (Sauveur) on Mount Desert Island.
May 27: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) with (I)-Nicolas de Vignau, sailed to Lachine Rapids then traveled up the Ottawa River. At Allumette Island, the natives denied Vignau’s story. Vignau confessed that he lied in order to have the chance of coming back to Canada.
June: Thomas Button (d-1634) crossed the Bay of the North and erected a cross, naming the area New Wales, as he was a Welshman. They discovered the Churchill River and returned to England in August, not finding a trace of Hudson nor the north west passage.
July 2: Samuel Argall (1572-1641), acting Governor of Virginia and a former pirate from Jamestown, Virginia, commanding an English ship for the Virginia Company, is sighted in Frenchman’s Bay, Maine, contesting the French claim to Acadia which included Maine at this time. Argall fired the first shot killing the Jesuit Gilbert du Thet (1575-1613) and seriously wounded 4 others and two men were drowned. He captured and plundered the French ship. The colony surrendered and were informed they were on English soil and therefore classified as freebooters and Pirates. He took 15 citizens back to Virginia in chains. He told the citizens to flee in a shallop and find a French fishing ship to return to France. The prisoners were spared execution for piracy because they were in Acadia by French orders.
August: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) arrived at St.Malo, France were he deposited his account of his journey in New France along with his maps.
October: The Virginians equipped two ships for war to clear the French from Acadia. Samuel Argall (1572-1641) returned first to the St. Sauveur colony to burn it to the ground. They then sailed to St. Croix Island to steal the French fishermen’s salt supply. Argall had taken the Jesuits Biard and Quantin. It is believed the Jesuit Biard, out of spite, directed the English to Port Royal providing they would kill (II)-Charles Biencourt (1591-1623). Port Royal was empty as the inhabitants are five miles away taking in the harvest. Samuel Argall (1572-1641) ordered his men to plunder and burn the settlement to the ground. Samuel Argall returned to Virginia in November making himself infamous in American Annals. Among their loot was horses which they captured and ate.
November 13: Samuel Argall (1572-1641), acting Governor of Virginia, commanding an English ship for the Virginia Company, conducted a campaign of terror against the French Acadian settlements of Saint Saveur (Maine), Port Royal (Nova Scotia) and other French settlements in Acadia. The English reign of terror had begun in America. After this incident, neither England nor France showed much interest in this Acadian region until 1629. (II-Charles Biencourt de Saint Just (1591-1623), would, however, re-establish the settlement? The infamous Samuel Argall (1572-1641) was considered a tyrannical, autocratic man who vented himself not only on the French, the savages but even his own people. This harsh attitude would infect Virginia for years to come. This evil man was knighted in 1623 and promoted to admiral in 1625. The implication is that England were by their actions an evil culture.
The Acadian colonies fled into the interior, some making their way to the St. Lawrence and some joining the Indians to create a unique Acadian Metis culture. Very few returned to France that had no interest in defending their rights.
(I)-Jean de Biencourt Sieur de Pointrincourt (1557-1615) abandoned any future Acadia activities blaming the Jesuits for the destruction of Acadia.
(I)-Claude La Tour, (1570-1736+) the elder, a Huguenot lost his Fort at Pemboect, Acadia.
1614
Population of Kebec 47 French
(II)-Anne Martin, Possible Metis, b-1614, died December 4, 1683 Quebec daughter of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage Marguerite Langlois, b-1611? not possible; married November 17, 1635, Kebec, (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 an Englishman.. Some suggest she was born March 23, 1621 in La Rochelle, Charente Maritime, France. See 1624. Also see 1609 & 1610
The Company of Associates attempted to oust Champlain. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) formed the Compagnie des Marchands de Rouen et de Saint Malo. The Company agreed to settle six families in Canada each year. He also approached the Recollect order of priests to send four missionaries to Quebec.
(II)-Charles de Biencourt Baron de Saint Just (1591-1623), son of (I)-Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt, (1557-1615) is appointed the Commander Port Royal, Acadia ( Nova Scotia). He was considered as being tactless in his dealings and had violent quarrels with the Jesuit missionaries. This is most likely a Jesuit assessment as they had tried to have him killed by the English.
The fur trade became profitable enough to consider upgrade the trading shacks to a real Fort Kabec.
A visit to Port Royal, Acadian says the colony is in ruins and the settlers are starving.
The English colony at Conception Bay Newfoundland has 60 residents.
Allen Block, a Dutchman discovered The Fresh River aka. Quinnehtukgut the soon to become New Holland.
The Dutch trading post is established close to the city of Albany, on Castle Island.
1615
Population of Kebec 33 French + 19 Huron
Peter Easton, a forban (pirate) from 1602 to 1615, is considered the King of the Pirates with 10 ships under his command. He was considered the master of the seas. He imposed a levy, the first regular tax on fishing vessels to America. He destroyed a Basque fleet, intent on capturing his Harbor Grace Fort. He attacked the Spanish shipping in the Caribbean, raided Puerto Rico and captured the Spanish plate fleet in 1614. He is eventually pardoned by King James, abandons his Newfoundland base, buys a castle and becomes Marquis of Savoy- living in luxury.
(I)-Jacques Hertel d-1658, some suggest he died August 10, 1651, arrived Canada this year, became an interpreter and took refuge among the savages when Kebec was taken..
The Recollets established Ste Marie mission among the Hurons. The French had named them Huron as an insult, meaning wild boar’s head or lout. They called themselves Wendat. It was common practice to ask tribes to name their enemies so as to record these insulting names.
The French learned survival skills from the Natives, including the use of the canoe, snowshoe, toboggan, moccasin and Native foods. They also taught the French agricultural methods, including cultivation of maize, beans, pumpkin and squash. It is noteworthy that the Native farmers of the Americas developed over half of the cultivated crops of the world. They showed them how to make maple sugar and to gather wild berries; especially blueberries. The Algonquian, however, still would not allow the French access to the Ottawa River. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), lieutenant of the Compagnie des Marchands de Rouen et de Saint Malo, learned that the tribe control was done by the women, that the children are of the mother’s clan and that inheritance of possessions and power is through the females. After all this hospitality, the French still consider the Natives savage.
Some believe that (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) first met the Ojibwa in Georgian Bay on this expedition. It is also interesting to note that Basque fishermen have been aware of Lake Ontario since the middle of last century. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) made note of the fields of corn in Georgia Bay.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), lieutenant Compagnie des Marchands de Rouen et de Saint Malo, petitioned the Algonquian high council to lift the four-year travel restriction on the Ottawa River. The Algonquian council met and after long debate, compromised and allowed the Wendat (Huron) to trade down river to Fort Kebec (Quebec) and allowed the French, on payment of a toll, restricted passage up the Ottawa river. This decision pleased the Wendat, as it ensured their historic trading position. The Algonquian, as a show of good faith, conducted (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) to Lakes Huron and Ontario, as well as the Wendat settlement of Cahiague.
Champlain helped to create war between the Wendat and Iroquois, not only to make them love us more, but to pave the way for exploration that would require the Wendat help. If peace remains between the two, the Iroquois will lead the Wendat to trade with the Dutch.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), upon seeing a Huron (Wendat), is fascinated when he discovers a very complex and fascinating society. The City of Cahiague, located on Lake Huron, has two hundred wooden buildings, some of which are as long as two hundred feet. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) noted that the protection of the city is by triple palisades, thirty feet high. Samuel de Champlain (1570-1635) presumed he is the first European to see these sights, and he marveled at their splendor. This is hard to believe, as at least four Coureurs des Bois had spent years in this region and further west. Even the priests are aware that a Frenchman preceded Champlain.
Father (I)-Joseph le Caron (1586-1632), Recollet and Father Jarney, Recollet, established a mission at Three Rivers as it was a historic trading post of the Natives. Father Caron then proceeded to Huron Country and wintered with the Tobacco Nation and adjoining tribes. The Huron village was called Carhagonha (Thunder Bay; later known as Toanche).
The Dutch commenced construction of Fort Amsterdam, New Holland on the River Maurice.
Jews are officially excluded from the territories of New France.
March 15: William Baffin (1584-1622) explored Hudson Straitwest end Southhampton Island and Foxe Channel, then returned to England in the fall.
April 24: The first Recollet missionaries departed France for Kebec. They established a mission at Three Rivers this year.
May 25: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) arrived at Tadoussac, Quebec, having left Honfleur on April 24 to learn of the renewed Iroquois retaliation. Father (I)-Joseph le Caron (1586-1632) and Father Jarney also arrived Tadoussac and proceeded to Three Rivers.
June: Having departed Old France April 15, four Recollects, including (I)-Denis Jamet (d-1625), Superior of the mission arrived Fort Quebec. They included one lay brother and three Recollect priests. (I)-Joseph Le Caron (1586-1632), the Recollect, is said to have visited Georgin Bay and the Huron before the Champlain visit. The visit is cordial, but the Recollects are not allowed to return until 1623. The Recollects, with their fanatic religious zeal and lack of religious tolerance, would not be considered as civilized guests. (I)-Gabrial Seguard, a Recollect, is astonished to learn the reaction of the Indians to the French. The Indians see the French as feeble minded because of the hair growing on their face. He also noted that religion and trade do not go well together. Most French traders did not want religion taught to the Indians. The Recollects say the traders hold the beaver in higher regard than their souls. It is noteworthy that the Kebec trading post usually only contains some 50 people. During the winter season it was reduced to some 20 people. They did little farming, only a few vegetables and salad greens.
July 9: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) traveled to Huronia accompanied by ten Indians, and he claims (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) to lend his support to the Huron. It is highly unlikely he traveled without a few of his men. Subsequent events suggest he had at least 14 Frenchmen with him.
August 1: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) arrives at Huronia and meets up with (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) on Lake Huron. He claims he gave him permission to go to the Andastes, south of Iroquois Country.
August 3: (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) guided (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) to the village of Carhagonha (10 miles west Penetanguishee, Ontario). There they met Father (I)-Joseph La Caron (1586-1632).
August 12: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) and his party left for the village of Cahiague on Lake Simco to plan a campaign against the Onondage of the Iroquois Nation.
August 30: (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) departed Cahiague to enlist the aid of the Susquehannahs; a People living south of the Iroquois in Pennsylvania.
September 1: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), with 14 Frenchmen and 500 Huron, departed from Cahiague. They crossed Lake Ontario, entering Iroquois country near Stony Point, New York. They marched toward the Iroquois fort near Syracuse.
September 8: (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) departs Lake Simcoe with his Huron guides and goes to Buffalo at the junction of Lakes Erie and Ontario. He went as far as the Susquehanna River.
October 10: The Onondagas, aware Champlain’s invading army, lay in ambush. The fighting lasted for three hours with the Huron receiving the worst of the fight. Champlain withdrew his army the next day and fled for safety.
December 23: The defeated Champlain army returns to Cahiague.
1616
Population of Kebec 64 French
(I)-Claude de Lecoutre dit Lachaisnee de Rouen arrived Kebec this year.
(I)-Louis Hebert while still in France is granted 10 acres of land at Kebec.
The Northern Virginia Company employed John Smith to explore the coast of Northern Virginia (New England) and, this year, his report praised the region. He visited the mouth of the Penobscot River (Maine) which (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) had visited in 1604
France’s North American claims are now known as New France but all areas along the St. Lawrence River and around the Gulf are still commonly called Canada.
The Hugeunot traders in Kebec refuse to supply the Récollets and warn the Indians not to work with them.
The parish Kebecr aka Notre Dame de Kebec is established this year.
January 5: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), lieutenant of Marchands de Rouen, with Father Le Caron, visits the Tabacco Nation, south of Nottawasaga Bay.
March 24: Kebec, death (I)-Michel Colin, who was bury by Father Dolbeau.
March 26: William Baffin explored Ellesmere Island and Baffin Bay.
May 22: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) departs Huronia and arrives, on July 11, in Kebec with Le Caron.
June 15: The French opened schools for Indian children at Trois Rivieres and Tadoussac, hoping to convert them to European cultures.
June 17: William Vaughn purchased the Avalon Peninsula where he established a Welsh colony at Trepassby Bay, Newfoundland.
July 15: (I)-Marguerite Vienne arrived Kebec with her husband (not named) and died July 19, 1616, Kebec.
July 20: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) of Marchands de Rouen, only spent 9 days in Kebec before departing for France and humiliation.
November 16: France (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort is believed to have traveled to Kebec shortly after his father died this date. It is assume he arrived Kebec 1617.
1617
Population of Kebec 67 French
(I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort likely arrived this year Kebec.
(I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais (1580-1664) arrived Kabec this year. Others suggest it was 1619. (see 1609 & 1610) They say he arrived with wife Marguerite Langlois b-1611 (b-1592) and their child (II)-Anne Martin b-1614 as they were married 1612 but Marguerite claims they were married 1620, Kebec. Tanguay doesn’t list birth place of either party but list second child (II)-Eusiache Martin born 1621, Kebec. Others claim Eusiache was born in France. Some claim Abraham was born 1589, Edinburgh, Scotland son of Jean Martin and Isabelle Cote others claim he was born France. The alleged prize is the Plains of Abraham were named after Abraham. Some claim Marguerite was born 1592 Xiste, Mepelier, France and married 1612 Aunis, France. Others suggest married 1620 France. It is alleged that Champlain in his will dated November 1635, gave Abrahams daughter Marguerite 600 livres in his will, discovered August 1959 by Olga Jurgens , “to help him get married to a man of this country of New France and not otherwise”. This is rather strange as no mention is made of his other daughters. The will could be a forgery, or Marguerite is not the daughter of Abraham, maybe of Champlain himself. It should be noted that Abraham on February 15, 1649 was imprisoned for debauching a girl age 16. Some called him this old pig Abraham. It would appear highly likely that Abraham or his wife Marguerite has savage blood. See 1609 &1624 Marguerite Langlois was born 1611 and not married at that time, she is likely a savage. Also see 1610 to add to the confusion.
Father (I)-Le Caron (1586-1732) became superior of the Recollet in New France replacing Father Jamay. At this time Father Paul Huet, Recollet is at Kebec. Father (I)-Mathieu a Recollet arrived Kebec and went to live among the Huron.
Récollet priest Pacifique Duplessis offers schooling to Indian children.
A marriage between (I)-Stephen Marie Etienne Jonquest de Normandie and (II)-Anne Herbert, died 1619 in childbirth, performed by Father (I)-Joseph Le Caron (1586-1632), is considered one of the first by a Priest. Some suggest this marriage took place 1618.
(I)-Pierre Magnan, baptised 1627, arrived Kebec 1617, is killed by the Iroquois 1627
(I)-Destouches Peronne de Paris arrived Kebec.
(I)-Jean Pinet Desmarets dit Binet was born Kebec 1617 and married Anne Lesong, b-1625, possible Indian? and had one child birth not recorded (II)-Gabrielle Pinet, d-1715 married 1699 Charles Du Buisson.
It is estimated that 1,000 ships a season spent the summer on the Grand Banks, along the North Atlantic Coast, and in the St. Lawrence, fishing or trading for furs. Kebec could only attract one farmer, and they had to trick him to get him to agree to immigrate. He was offered 200 crowns a year, but when he arrived, they said it would only be 100 crowns. He was only allowed to farm in his spare time and had to sell to the Company at controlled prices.
The few colonists had to learn survival skills from the Indians; such as snowshoes, toboggans, canoes and agriculture. In short, how to survive and move around in the hostile Canadian environment.
The Compagnie des Marchands de Rouen et de Saint Malo would not give settlers the equipment for agriculture. Even (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627) had to sell any surplus to the Company at their price. It is noteworthy that Hebert had planted his first crop in Acadia in 1603-1607. The Priests, however, were allowed to do agriculture to teach the savages by example to form a sedentary life. This is an interesting notion, given the savages have been involved in agriculture for some 5,000 years or more. Other accounts suggest the savages were master farmers who taught the French Canadian agriculture. It is very clear that the various New France Fur Companies did not serve the interests of the settlers, but only their own interests. It is also believed the Priests traded in furs.
Three Rivers (Fort Trois Rivieres) is established as a trading post this year.
March 15: (I)-Jean Nicollet (1598-1762) signed on with the Compagnie des Marchands de Rouen et de Saint Malo to go to New France, arriving in1618.
June 14: (I)-Louis Gaston Hebert (1575-1627), a retired Paris chemist, arrived in Tadoussac, Quebec with his wife, (I)-Marie Rollet (1580-1649), and their three Metis children, (II)-Anne, (1607-1618) married 1617, Etienne Jonquest, (II)-Guillaume b-1604, and (II)-Marie Guillemette, b1607: Rollet, epouse May 16, 1629, Guillaume Hubou. . He is considered by many to be one of the first Europeans to arrive with a primary focus on agriculture. He did make note that there were a few small gardens planted by the inhabitants when he arrived. He died from a fall in 1627. They say he cleared a small plot of land 10 acres for cultivation and began raising cattle. Others suggest agriculture didn’t start until 1628 and that Hebert is only allowed to emigrate if he promised not to serve the Natives as (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) didn’t want the Indians hanging around a (drugstore) settlement. It is noteworthy that the Indians taught Hebert the use of Indian herbal medicines. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), however, said he is the first man in Kebec to live on what he grows. It is noteworthy that (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663), at this time, is also classified as farmer. It is noteworthy that Hebert had planted crops in Acadia in 1603-1607. It is suggested that (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627) is in Acadia (1603-1607), and 1610-1613, a conflict with birth of Guillemette of 1606? Tanguay says birth date is 1606, not 1608 and didn’t date birth of other children? Tanguay tends to indicate that Anne is the youngest possibly born 1607? All is not well with the history of this family? (see 1602)
1618
Population of Kebec 70 French + 1 marriage
Estache (Eustache) Boulle b-1600 arrived Kebec 1618, afterwards surrenders at Quebec November 19, 1629. Estache is the brother of Helen Boulle wife of Champlain.
Father (I)-Joseph le Caron (1586-1632) wishing to work among the Natives turned over the function of superior to Father d’Olbeau and went to work with the Montagnis at Tadoussac.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) of the Compagnie des Marchands de Rouen et de Saint Malo returned to New France for a brief visit before returning to France.
De La Mothe is in Kebec this year.
(I)-Jean Nicollet de Belleborne (1598-1642) arrived in New France but is back in France on May 10, 1619 and returned 1620.
(I)-Eustache Boulle, b-1600 and brother of Hellna Boulle, wife of Champlain arrived Kebec.
De Lamothe is recorded in Kebec.
(I)-Jean Nicolet, (1598-1642) an interpreter arrived Kebec, it is said he was a man of a happy nature with an excellent memory.
The first know marriage by a priest in New France is between (I)-Joseph Marie Etienne Jonquet de Normandie marriage in Kebec to (II)-Anne Hebert, Metis, b-1607, died 1619 in childbirth, daughter (I)-Louis Herbert (1575-1627) and Marie Rollet d-1649. (See 1602)
Port Royal, Acadia is abandoned and the colony was converted to Cape Fourchu (Port La Tour)
(I)-Modestre Guines a Recollet is at Tadoussac this year.
March 20: The paper was finally created to support the verbal authority for the Recollet to create a mission in New France that included Father (I)-Joseph le Caron (1586-1632) and three other Recollets. It is noteworthy that the Recollets arrived New France 1615.
1619
Population of Kebec 80 French + 1 birth
(I)-Gaspard Boucher married Nicole Lemaine (Lemoine).and had one son (II)-Pierre Boucher some say born before August 1, 1622 Montagne, Perche France? he was Governor Trois Rivers, Kebec.
(II)-a child is born this year at Kabec, child of (I)-Joseph Marie Etienne Jonquest of Normandie and (II)-Ann Hebert, Metis,.b-1607 or, died 1619.
Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663) married (II)-Marie Guillaumette Herbert, daughter of (I)-Louis Herbert, (1575-1627) and (I)-Marie Rollet (d-1649), some say they married 1621.
Tadoussac, marriage (likely 1609) (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (1587-1677) and Montagnais Woman or Women and they had a number of Metis children. (I)-Etienne Brule (1592-1632) likely also country married and likely also had a number of Metis children about the same time. There is little doubt that these men had the first recorded New France families and their children were Metis. Some consider (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627) as the first New France family but this is highly unlikely.
The beauty of the native women, which none could resist, and which kindled the fires of youth in the veins of age.
Other families in Kebec claimed to be at this time are recorded on the monument to (I)-Louis Hebert, (1575-1627). This list however is full of errors as noted: Tanguay only lists four families in Kebec in 1629 namely: Jonquest – Couillard – Hubou and Hebert.
(I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais (1589-1664) married 1613 France (not possible he was in Kebec at this time) or Anne b-1614 is Metis (likely arrived Quebec 1621?) married to (I)-Marguerite Langlois b-1611, epouse February 17, 1665 Rene Branche, They had 3 children born Kebec to 1627 and many more after 1635.. Tanguay is wrong on this one, she is likely savage see 1609 – 1610 & 1624
(I)-Nicolas Marsolet (1587-1677), married 1636 to (I)-Marie Le Barbier b-1619
(I)-Nicolas Pivert married after 1629 to (I)-Marguerite Lesage, died November 29, 1643.
(I)-Pierre Desportes married to Francoise Langlois, (not listed Tanguay)
(I)-Etienne Jonquest married 1618 to (II)-Anne Herbert daughter (I)-Louis Herbert, ( 1575- 1627) and (I)-Marie Rollet (d-1649)
(I)-Oliver Le Tardif (1601-1665) married 1637 to (II)-Louise Couillard (1625-1641) daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663) married 1621 to (II)-Marie Guillaumette Herbert (1608-1684). Oliver is believed to have come to Kebec as a young boy.
(I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642), arrived Kebec 1618, 1st married 1620-1631? a Nipissing savage, 2nd married 1637 to (II)-Marguerite Couillard daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663) and (II)-Marie Guillaumette Herbert,
(I)-Noel Morin (1616-1680) married 1640 to Helene Des Portes, veuve Guillaume Herbert, daughter Pierre Des Portes and Francoise Langlois.
(I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1684) married 1634 to Francoise Garnier (Grenier) d-1665
(I)-Guillaume Hubou married 1629 to (I)-Marie Rollet (d-1649), epouse 1602 France, (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627)
(I)-William Couillard, arrived Kebec 1613, he and his wife took care of Champlains savages that he considered as daughters, during the English occupation.
The passenger list of 80 New Settlers sponsored by Henri de Montmorenct to Kebec in 1619 are:
(I)-Robert Anet (Anest), Tanguay has his birth date as 1616 an obvious error, married 1645 Elisabeth Ratte (Lerat) and had a son (II)-Jacques Anest (1646-1696) who settled La Durantay, Quebec and married Marie Anne Bourgeous (Dalonne) the daughter Antoine Bourgeous and Marie Bloquet; 2nd marriage Marie Dhallon; Marie Anne epouse April 19, 1694 St Michel Pierre Hublee.
Claude Aubert, Tanguay has his birth date as 1614 an obvious error, his future wife born 1612, his first son named Felix b-1642?
(I)-Felix Aubert, this is likely Francois Auber married Anne Fauconnier English
(I)-Charles Belanger, b-1612, married Kebec 1637 (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696)
(I)-Francois Belanger, b-1612 likely son Charles Belanger; married (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696)
(I)-Jean Guyon Bisson, died May 3, 1663, Quebec, married 1620 Mathurine Robin, died April 17, 1662 Quebec.
Rene Brisson
Jean Boucher
(I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671), married 1625 Julienne Barry, one child recorded (II)-Francois Boucher b-1626
Pierre Boucher
Bertrand Chesnaye
Charles Chesnaye
Jean Clement
Zacharie Cloutier, b-1589, married to Xaintes Du Pont (1596-1680) widow Michel Lermusier, she arrived August 8, 1634
Jean Couchon
Michel Desorsis
Michel Esnault
Abraham Fisel
Francois Fortin
Francois Gariepy
Jean Garnier
Charles Gaudin
Francois Gausse
Laurent Gignard
Jacques Goulet
Thomas Granderic
Mace Gravel Bindeliere
Jacques Greslon
Jean Guyon, possibly (I)-Jean Guton (Guyon) (Dion) dit du Buisson (1592-1663)??
Simon Guyon
Adrien Hayot
Louis Francois Herert
Nicolas Huot
Michel L’Homme
Jean Juchereeau
Louis Jobidon
Les Heriters Jolliet
Charles La Francois
Pierre Maheust
Zacharie Maheust
Jean Matheu
Pasquere Nonet
Claude Bouchard D’Orval
Jean Ouimet
Raymond Pagets
Robert Pagets
Etienne Pajot
Charles Petiot
Jean Plante
Charles Pouliot
Nicolas Roussin
Pierre St. Denis
Oliver Le Tardiff (1601-1665)
Toussaint Toupin du Sault
Pierre Tremblay
Romain Trepegny
Jean Trudelle
Abel Turcotte
Jacques Vacelin
(I)-Vincent Verdum dit Verdon (1613-1663)
(I)-Jacques Vezina dit Visinat
Pierre Voyer.dit Boyer
Sixty two (62) men landed Kebec, you can be sure that many Metis children were born as a result.
Two French Companies one for fishing and the other for trading on the St. John River, Acadia are established. Three Recollects were assigned to these ventures.
Several Recollects are working on the Baie des Chaleurs and Saint John River, sponsored by Bordeaux merchants. This Company would fold in 1624 and the Recollets would move to Kebec..
The original Acadian inhabitants from 1613 are still living among the Savages having taken Micmac (Mi’kmaq) wives. Acadian settlers came chiefly from the French Provinces of Aunis, Poitou and Saintonage. The Acadian Metis would evolve their own language called Acadian French. Acadian would eventually be spoken on the east coast of Quebec, in New Brunswick, Acadia ( Nova Scotia), Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton Island and in some communities of the St. Lawrence and the Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The term Acadia was used to describe all these lands including Maine.
Father (I)-Joseph le Caron (1586-1632) is back at Kebec 1619-1622, likely attending to the Orders business.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain’s (1567-1635), Governor (1619-29 & 1633-35), contingent includes 80 persons, including three Recollect Fathers, clerks, officers, craftsmen and field laborers. Some contend that agriculture didn’t commence until much later, but field laborers with their sickles, scythes and spades suggest planting is in progress from the beginning. This colony had millstones, bulls, heifers and sheep, along with all kinds of grain for sowing.
The first recorded Negro slaves were imported into the Americas by the Dutch in Virginia. The European methodology, based on inherent racism, is to first isolate the slaves from their cultural and their traditions, then to instill in them a sense of inferiority using legal, philosophical, religious, biological and scientific rational. Dehumanization is the objective in order to make them powerless by creating a stereotype of thief, liar, simple, suspicious, inefficient, irresponsible, lazy, superstitious, and loose in sexual relations. The patriarchal domination of all women compounded the misery of the slave woman. It is noteworthy that this was the same strategy employed by the Jesuits against the North American Indians and by the Roman Catholic Church, well into the late 20th century in Canada.
(I)-Jean Nicollet de Belleborne (1598-1642) joined the Algonquin on Allumette Island for the next two years, going where ever they went. He was with 400 Algonquin who entered into peace with the Hiroquois.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) was a Frenchman who years after his death is remembered by the Savages as he who practiced chastity and continence with respect to women, not so the other Frenchmen in New France who practice immodesties and the debauches of several women.
May 24: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) of the Compagnie des Marchands de Rouen et de Saint Malo arrived in Kebec, staying the summer then departing for France on August 28.
July 7: Kebec, arrival (I)-Helene Bouille (1598-1645) wife of (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) and stayed for 2-3 years
August 15: Kebec, (I)-Francois Le Blousart Duplessis a noble Briton arrive Kebec, was killed by a rifle September 1, 1649, Kebec.
1620
Population of Kebec 83 French
(I)-Adrien du Chesne (Duchene), a surgeon, from Dieppe arrived Kebec this year. He remained in Kebec with his wife during the English occupation.
Pierre Antoine Pastedechouan a young Montagnais is taken to France for an education in French, Latin and is baptized.
(I)-Abraham Martin dit l’Ecossais, (1589-1664) the father of the bride, (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679) was one of the earliest colonists of the country. Having arrived before 1610, with his wife, he practiced the trade of royal pilot. His presence in New France, during the occupation by the Kirke brothers, between 1629 and 1632, is not unanimous with historians. Some, following Benjamin Sulte, affirm it strongly. Archange Godbout doubts it. Marcel Trudel and Rene Jette are of the opinion that, he and his family returned to France, which seems to be the case if we believe the observations held by Father Le Jeune, in 1632. (II)-Eustache Martin, Metis, b-1621 the eldest son of Abraham and his sister, Marguerite, were baptized respectively in 1621 and 1623, were the second and third children of White men born at Quebec, the first having been their cousin Helene Desportes, born in 1620, to the marriage of Pierre Desportes and Francoise Langlois. See 1609 – 1610 & 1624.
Guers a commission agent of the Duke Montmorency is in Kebec.
Kebec, baptism (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) son (I)-Louis Hebert, Metis (1575-1727) and (I)-Marie Rollet d-1649; married October 1, 1634, Kebec, Helene Desportes .
(I)-Oliver Tardif dit LeTardif, b-1601, died January 28, 1665, Chateau Richer was in the employ of Samuel de Champlain as interpreter to the Huron Nation. Tardif joined forces with Roch Manitouabewich of the Huron Nation as a guide, scout and traveling companion. Roch and his Huron wife later had a child who they named Marie Oliver Sylvestre, b-1626 in honor of Tardif. Tardif adopted the girl so she could receive a Christian education and at 10 years of age, in 1636 was placed with the family of (I)-Guillaume Hubou, d-1653, and Marie Rollet,d-1649, epouse (I)-Louis Herbert.
(I)-Noel Morin aka Morini (1609-1679) (Morini means brown of skin) arrived Kebec 1619 or 1620, married December 27, 1639, Quebec (II)-Helene Desportes (1620-1675) daughter (I)-Pierre Desportes and Francois Langlois.
Most Frenchmen who took Indian wives, this century in New France, did so a la facon du pays (according to Indian customs), regardless of French marriage laws and customs. Unfortunately most were not recorded or their Metis offspring.
The pirates dominated the coast of New France from 1612 to 1620, having stole 40,800 L and 1,080 fur traders and fishermen who were sold into slavery. This is astonishing considering Kebec only has 60-67 colonists at this time. The Hurons are supplying 50-60% of the French furs, and their other major industry for trade is agriculture.
John Nutt of England with his wife and family lived at Torby, Newfoundland. He captured a French fishing boat and became a pirate 1620 to 1623 and then captured two more French ships.
(I)-Jacques Archambault (venu de France avec sa famille) b-1604, died February 15, 1688, Montreal. married 1629 France, Francoise Toureau, sauvageese, b-1600, died December 9, 1663 Montreal. Some suggest Jacques Archambault married January 24, 1629, France, Francois Toureau, b-1600 France, died December 1663. Others suggest he married Francoise Chanveau b-1599 on January 24, 1629 in France. Others suggest 1st married, January 24, 1620, France, Francois Toureau (Touraude) daughter Francois Toueaude and Marthe Noel; 2nd marriage, June 6, 1666, Trois River, Marie Denote. The children attributed to Jacques and Francoise are Anne b-1621, likely Metis, Marie (I), b-1636, Louise, b-1640, Laurent, b-1642, and Marie (2), b-1644. It is reported that Jacques, Francoise and family arrived Quebec 1645. Also see Tanguay for Francois Toureau. As I see it there are three possibilities, 1. Tanguay made an error, 2. There are two Jacques Archambault in New France, 3. Jacques was in New France in 1620 and returned to France then returned to New France in 1645 and had 3 marriages one a country marriage to a sauvageese in 1620. This may account for one child born 1621 and the next child born 1636. It’s possible (I)-Denis Archambault died, August 25, 1651, Montreal, when a canon exploded, and he might be mixed up in this genealogy? Why would Tanguay post this under 1620 and say he came with his family, he had no family at this time? Every time I look at this it gets more messed up. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646. My best guess is we are dealing with more than one Jacques Archambault. The (OMFR) Ontario Metis Family Records identified Francois Toureau (1559-1663) as aboriginal.
The PRDH and Fischer Original, state the family all came from De Lardillière À Dompierre-Sur-Mer, Aunis, France, and Notary Adhemar reports their birth place as France, also.
SHARLENE BELL-HAUSSMANN says:
The first child I have is Jacques born c1629, (no other mention of him, so may have died in France) then Denis born 1630 then Anne I. the last child, of nine, is Marie II born 1644 in France.
Anne Archambault I – Born 1631 France.
ADHÉMAR — Fiche biographique
Archambault I, Anne
Informations générales
Sexe féminin
Naissance 1631/01/01 (Dompierre-sur-Mer, Lardillière)
Décès 1699/07/29 (Montréal)
Parents Archambault, Jacques ; Tourault, Françoise
Occupation(s) Connue(s)
Occupation Début Fin Groupe professionnel du chef de famille
inconnue 1678/07/16 1699/07/28 administration civile
Conjoints
Conjoint Début de l’union Fin de l’union
Chauvin dit Sainte-Suzanne, Michel 1647/07/29 1650/09/30
Gervaise, Jean 1654/02/03 1690/03/11
Laurent Archambault
ADHÉMAR — Fiche biographique
Archambault, Laurent
Informations générales
Sexe masculin
Naissance 1642/01/10 (Dompierre-sur-Mer, Lardillière)
Décès 1730/04/19 (Pointe-aux-Trembles)
Parents Archambault, Jacques ; Tourault, Françoise
Occupation(s) Connue(s)
Occupation Début Fin Groupe professionnel du chef de famille
cultivateur et charpentier 1672/03/03 1693/03/24 agriculture-grande
Conjoints
Conjoint Début de l’union Fin de l’union
Marchand, Catherine 1660/01/07 1713/02/24
Marie Archambault I
ADHÉMAR — Fiche biographique
Archambault I, Marie
Informations générales
Sexe féminin
Naissance 1636/02/24 (Dompierre-sur-Mer)
Décès 1719/08/16 (Pointe-aux-Trembles)
Parents Archambault, Jacques ; Tourault, Françoise
Occupation(s) Connue(s)
Occupation Début Fin Groupe professionnel du chef de famille
inconnue 1668/04/26 1702/01/21 agriculture-grande
Conjoints
Conjoint Début de l’union Fin de l’union
Tessier dit Lavigne, UrbainI_ 1648/09/28 1689/03/20
Port La Tour, Acadia, birth Andre Lasner, Metis son Louis Lasnier of Dieppe and Indian woman. Some believe this is the first recorded Metis birth in North America.
(II)-Anne Herbert, died Kebec, 1620, daughter, (I)-Louis Herbert, born 1575, died January 25, 1627, and (I)-Marie Rollet (d-1649); was married to (I)-Etienne Jonquit.
There is only sixty-seven official colonists, including women and children, in Fort Kebec (Quebec) at this time. Included are four French Recollects that are an offshoot of the Franciscan. The Franciscan or Minoritie are an old order, being established in 1223. The Franciscans are not popular with the Curia, as they demanded absolute poverty to awaken popular piety and scientific works. The Franciscan established themselves at St. Charles River. These first priests are Father’s Joseph Le Caron (1586-1632), Jean D’Olbeau, Dennis Jamey and Pacifique du Plessis. Father Jean D’Olbeau said the first mass in New France, then removed himself to the Tadoussac Trading Post. Carbon attached himself to the Wendat Nation. This would imply that 15 colonists either died, returned to France or are in the country as free traders?
Kabec begins to fortify their fort.
The free fur traders established a trading post called Palace Royal at Hochelaga (Ville-Marie Montreal). The Catholic Priests would later consider these free traders as having the instincts and morals of pirates. They would call them Coureurs des Bois. The priests would come to believe that free thinking and free trading pose a considerable threat to the fur trade and religious monopoly. Their thinking is consistent with the rising French philosophy of absolutism; one King, one Religion. Because of this absolutism belief, the Church historians largely ignore the contribution of the early Coureurs des Bois in opening up the continent. Unfortunately, they had to glorify some lesser men or claim the glory for themselves. Meanwhile, the Wendat (Huron) are building upon their farming and trading empire and are the major merchant center in New France. They would supply New France with beans and corn. Later tobacco would become a major trade item.
Few European women survived in New England, and the Company of Virginia undertook the recruitment of young and uncorrupted maids for Jamestown. The population of Jamestown, Virginia drops from 1,000 to 866 due to death or abandonment. The English Puritans who seceded from the Church of England exiled in the Netherlands, obtained patent for a settlement near the Hudson River in Southern Virginia. The Mayflower arrived on November 9, 1620 at Cape Cod (Provincetown) harbor. This location is outside Virginia, making their patent useless, so they claimed their own liberty, as none had the power to command them. They established a civil body politic, claiming submission and obedience to just and equal laws. They relocated to Plymouth on December 16 and, by spring, 52 of the 102 died. The Wampanoag Indians showed them how to plant and cultivate corn. They eventually would trade corn for beaver pelts.
(I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne (1598-1642) lived among the Algonquians of Allumette Island on the Ottawa River and Nipissing until 1620-1621. He spent the next 8-9 years(1622-1630/31) with the Algonquin Nipissiriniens at Lake Nipissing.. The French called the Nipissings the Nation des Sorciers. He traveled Green Bay and the Fox and Illinois Rivers. He had his own cabin which likely suggests he had a family. He married likely about 1622-1630) a Nipissing woman b-1610 and had a daughter Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet. Metis, born 1623-1631) and a 2nd marriage October 7, 1737, Kebec, (II)-Marguerite Couillard, Metis, b-1626
Father Joseph de la Roche, a Recollect, became a missionary to Kebec.
The Company of de Caen is created led by the De Caens, Guillaume Robin, Jacques de Troyes and Francois Herve, merchants; Francois de Troyes, chief of Royal Finances at Orleans, Claude le Ragois, receiver general of finance at Limoges; Pierre de Verton, counselor secretary of the King and others.
The first fort to occupy the top of the cliff at Quebec City was the one (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) constructed in 1620. It consisted of a few wooden buildings surrounded by a palisade.
New France begins formal registration of births, marriages and deaths at Kebec. Country marriages are not acknowledged.
The Recollets built a convent and chapel in 1620-1621 on St. Charles River, about one half a French league from Fort Kebec. They named it Notre Dame des Anges (on the site of the future General Hospital).
February 25: (I)-Henri II, Duc de Montmorency (1595-1632), is appointed Viceroy of New France, and (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) is confirmed as his lieutenant. He began construction of Fort Saint Louis on the cliff at Fort Kebec (Quebec). Henri II, Duc de Montmorency (1595-1632), Grand Admiral of France, had bought Prince de Conde’s interests, and he established Compagne de Montmorency for la Nouvelle France that gave a trade monopoly to Guillaume William de Caen, a merchant, and Calvinist and his cousin Emary, a naval Captain. He had an eleven-year trade monopoly that required he established six Recollects at Kebec and settle six French families per year. He is told to not annoy the Fathers or any of the Orthodox Christians. The Company of De Caen included Guillaume Robin, Jacques De Troyes, Francois Herve, Francois De Troyes, Claude Le Ragois, Pierre De Verton and others.
May 8: (I)-Helene Boulle born 1598 and married 1610 to (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) arrived at Kebec with her husband and four women servants.
June 3: The Recollets laid the cornerstone of the first stone church and convent in Kebec, Notre Dame des Anges on the St. Charles river, about 1/2 league from Fort of Kebec.
July 20, (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), an employee of The Company of De Caen, arrived in Kebec and began construction of Fort Saint Louis on Cap aux Diamants, on the cliff at Kebec.
August 30: family arrived Quebec, (I)-Abraham Martin, dit I’ecossois (1589-1664) a Scotsman, with 2nd wife Marguerite Langlois b-1611 he married this year in France, (not likely see 1609 – 1610 & 1624) her sister (I)-Francoise Langlois b-1600 who married December 31, 1620, France, (I)-Pierre Desportes, b-1600 and daughter (II)-Anne Martin. It is noteworthy that the Plains of Abraham is named after Martin. (I)- Pierre Desportes, b-1600 married December 31, 1620, France (I)- Francoise Langlois (1599-1629). This appears highly unlikely as Francoise was already in Kebec. Others suggest Martin & Desportes arrived Kebec in 1619 or 1620. Some suggest both families stayed in Kebec during the English occupation, while others say they were deported. It is noteworthy that (II)-Helene Desportes (1620-1675) daughter (I)-Pierre Desportes and (I)-Francois Langlois arrived this date, this year so it not likely they were married in December this year in France. This conflicting information could suggest Francois might be Indian or Metis?? Some suggest Tanguay made an error and (II)-Helene Desportes was b-1601?
August 30: Kebec (II)-Anne Martin (1614-1684) arrived with father (I)-Abraham Martin, a Frenchman and stepmother Marguerite Langlois, a shipmate aboard the Le Sallemande. Her biological mother was Guillemette Couillard. Anne married 1636 Kebec, Jean Cote d-1661, who arrived Kebec July 20, 1635.
November 8: Henri, Duc de Montmorency (1595-1632), Viceroy of New France, bought the Prince de Conde’s commercial interests and established the Compagnie de Montmorency pour la Nouvelle France which gave a monopoly to Guillaume de Caen and his cousin Emery.
December: Gape Cod, the colonists discovered a corpse with blond hair and assumed he was from a French shipwreck a few years earlier.
Note:Several ManyRoads readers have questioned the accuracy of some of the Metis claims presented in this document by Mr. Garneau. Should you have evidence that you would like to present refuting the veracity and accuracy of any claims made by Mr. Garneau, which you would like us to present here, please contact us directly.
We are happy to present all relevant information here, in the interest of fairness, full disclosure and accuracy.
The following material is written by: R.D. (Dick) Garneau, who is solely responsible for its accuracy.
1536
(I)-Philipie Rougemont (1518-1536) died at Kebec, Canada being part of Jacques Cartier (1491-1557) crew.
Jacques Cartier (1491-1557) is believed to have named New France Canada this year. It is believed that Cartier traveled with Verrazzano to Canada in 1524 and 1528. It is also believed he was in Newfoundland prior to 1534.
Jacques Cartier (1491-1557) is impressed with the town of Monte Real (Hochelaga); a fortified Iroquois Fort, as it closely resembled European culture. The fields round about are very fertile, being tilled, and grapes are abundant. The Iroquois had amassed muskrat pelts between Quebec and Montreal from trade with the Europeans.
The first tourists to Canada are 30 gentlemen who chartered a ship under the direction of Richard Hore of London to see the strange things of the world. They ran out of provisions in Newfoundland and reverted to cannibalism. Richard Hakluyt interviewed a survivor who said the English gentlemen killed their fellow mates while they stopped to take up a root for their relief and cutting out pieces of his body who he had murdered broiled the same on the coals and greedily devoured them. A well-provisioned French fishing ship saves Richard Hore and the surviving tourists. Hore captured the French ship and, left its crew to an unrecorded fate, and sailed home.
May 6: Jacques Cartier (1491-1557) had to abandon his ship, Petite Hermine, as he lack sufficient crew to navigate all three ships.
1537
June 2″ Pope Paul III banned the enslavement of Indians in the New World. No one listened!
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca (1490-1557), the Great Spanish explorer who spent 1527-1537 exploring the interior of America, having lived among the Indians, reports the French pirates are attacking Spanish ships out of Havana. The Spanish have recently lost three ships. As they neared Spain, the French pirates again tried to take the Spanish ships but are scared off by the Spanish navy. He noted that the French ship employed slave Negroes as oarsmen, so the Spanish ships could not overtake them in the pursuit.
1538
September: The King of France commissioned the following list of men for the New Lands (Lands of Cod): 120 mariners, 40 musketeers, 30 carpenters, 10 master masons, 4 blacksmiths, 2 goldsmiths and 6 priests.
1540
The French, in 1687, claim that Jean Francois de la Rocque, Sieur de Roberval (1500-1560) took possession of the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay) for France this year. Jean Alfonse of Saintonge explored the coastline of Labrador. Roberval became Lieutenant General of Canada, despite being a Protestant convert. He commanded Jacques Cartier.
Map maker, Sebastian Munster, named Canada as Francisca and assumed the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay) extended down to the Carolinas based upon false information supplied by Verrazzano (1524). Basque fishermen worked the Strait of Belle Isle until 1610, hunting the boehead and right whales that migrated past Labrador and Newfoundland. A village at Red Bay, Labrador, containing nearly a thousand men, rendered the whales blubber into oil during the five month summer season. Most men, however, would winter back in Europe. The French and English would later consider this age-old universal concept of a different winter, and summer homes site a heathen practice.
A Portuguese agent claimed that many thousands of animal skins are being brought to France from the New World.
1541
The Huguenots made an abortive colonization attempt this year but abandoned the venture in 1542. Jean Francois de LeRocque de Roberval (1500-1560) was commissioned to establish a colony in New France and to construct churches and fortified towns. Jacques Cartier is employed as a guide but returned to France from Newfoundland dispite Roberval’s orders. Roberval established his colony at Charlesbourg-Royal on Cape-Rouge, where Jacques Cartier had previously built a fort. The first New France colony was named France Roy and the river (St. Lawrence) was named France Prime. They ventured to Montreal and built a strong house on river Sinagua (Saguenay River). Basque fishermen from Pyreness had built drying racks for their cod catch at the mouth of the Saguenay River. Roberval was excessively cruel, withholding food and water if his men didn’t work to his satisfaction. If someone fainted he was immediately punished. Lashes were dispensed frequently. One day six workers were hung. One was isolated on an island with his feet chained. Most of his colony was ex-convicts. The colony was abandoned in 1542.
It is noteworthy that Basque or Euskara predates the Celts and is unrelated to any other language in the world. Port aux Basques, Newfoundland speak of their presence as does Isles-aux-Basques that are islets where the Basques whalers put ashore to render blubber into oil for shipment back to Spain. The Basque word for god is Jinkoa, is a very ancient word with no known resembling word in the world.
Martin de Artalequ’s San Salvador of 100 tons set sail for Terranova.
Angel de Villagane, governor of Spanish Florida ordered Antoinio Velazquez to sail north with provisions for the Spanish colony of Santa Elena on the South Carolina coast, he was blown off course and ended up in Chesapeake Bay off the coast of Maryland/Virginia. Quejo had visited the area earlier in 1521.
January 15: Jean Francois de la Rocque de Roberval (1500-1560) is appointed the first Viceroy of Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador with little regard to the Spanish claim of the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas.
April: Martin de Artalequ records he talked to Cartier’s men near Spear Island, not far from St. John’s where he had a barrel of cider and a cask of ship’s biscuit taken from him by Roberval’s men.
May 23: Jacques Cartier (1491-1557) left St. Malo with five ships and 1,500 men, arriving Stadacona, Quebec August 3. The Iroquois were not happy with the French as they did not return the kidnapped Iroquois from the last expedition.
October 17: Francis I appointed Roberval (1500-1560) as the superior over Cartier (1491-1557). This would later infuriate Cartier.
1542
Marguerite de La Rocque co-seigneuress of Pointpoint, a close relative of Sieur de Roberval (1500-1560), accompanied him on this years voyage to Canada. Shocked by Marguerite taking a lover, Roberval set her ashore of Ile des Demons in the Saint Lawrence River with her lover and a servant girl. The young man, the servant girl and Marguerite’s child which was born on the island, died. Marguerite managed to survive and was rescued two years five month later by French fisherman. This would represent the first recorded Country Marriage and the birth of the first European child in New France (Canada).
Hurtleberry pie is introduced into Newfoundland that is made from blueberries, blackberries, bilberries and huckleberries. The term originated about 1450.
Michel Gaillon, a companion of Jean Francois de la Rocque de Roberval (1500-1560), was hanged at Cap Rouge (Charlesburg Royal) making him the first Canadian to be executed.
April 16: Jean Francois de la Rocque de Roberval (1500-1560) sailed from La Rochelle, France with three ships and 200 convicts for America to create a French settlement.
June 8: Jean Francois de la Rocque de Roberval (1500-1560) encountered Jacques Cartier (1491-1557) at St. John’s Newfoundland and ordered Cartier to return to Canada. Cartier refused this direct order from his superior. Jacques Cartier snuck off in the night, fully aware that Roberval could have him executed (hanged) as a traitor.
July: Jean Francois de la Rocque de Roberval (1500-1560) reached Cartier’s settlement at Cap Rouge and renamed it France Royal. Michel Gaillon was hanged for theft at France Royal, alias Cap Rouge, Quebec. Roberval lost 50 men to scurvy, indicating that Cartier had not told him of the Indian method to avoid this ailment. This first attempt to start a colony failed. It is noteworthy that competent sailors from Europe were well aware of scurvy and usually gathered the herb alexanders to cure the ailment. This herb was in use since 1 A.D. by the Romans to prevent scurvy.
September: Newfoundland sailors (Robert Lefand) reported that Jacques Cartier and Sieur de Roberval (1500-1560), after one year with three ships, had accumulated eleven barrels of gold ore and a quantity of precious stones, rubies and diamonds. This is likely the source for the current saying: false as a diamond of Canada. The gold turned out to be pyrite and the diamonds quartz. It is noteworthy that diamonds would later be discovered in Canada in the twentieth century.
September 19: Jean Francois de la Rocque de Roberval (1500-1560) pardoned Aussillon de Sauverterre.
1543
Jean Francois de la Rocque de Roberval (1500-1560) wintered at France Royal (Cap Rouge, Quebec) where 60 men died. Several insubordinate prisoner colonists were hung, while others were imprisoned.
June 6: After an unsuccessful trip to explore the Saguenay, the Roberval settlement is abandoned and the colonist prisoners return to France.
1544
Tadoussac, Quebec, at the mouth of the Saguenay River on the St. Lawrence River, is established this year by the Basque. Tadoussac is an ancient Native trading center and was likely visited by many traders before the Basque made this a wintering trading and fish processing site.
1545
A Frenchman wrote the people of Norumbega (Penobscot River in Maine), are docile, friendly and peaceful, the land overflows with every kind of fruit, wholesome orange, almonds and many sweet smelling trees. Another writer said the people were tall and fair, spoke words that sounded like Latin, and worshiped the sun.
1546
The word boucaner by the French means to dry and smoke meat or fish. They learned this new way of cooking from the Tupi People of the Amazon River in South America.
1554
Joanes de Segura records his venture to the Labrador coast between the Pinware River and Red Bay. Canada was known as Terranova or Terre Neuve by the French.
April: Three Spanish ships, San Esteban, Espiritu Santo and Santa Maria de Yciar, stuffed to the gunwales with passengers and New World treasures departed Mexico. The were sailing from Veracruz, Santa Maria de Yeiar Espiritu Santo, and San Esteban bound for Havana then Spain. A storm blew they off course northward where they ran aground and were pounded to pieces near Padre Island, Texas. The captain in a small boat with some survivors returned to Mexico to alert officials of the disaster. The balance of survivors were eventually killed by the Indians. Within a few weeks a salvage ship arrived from Veracruiz to save about 50% of the cargo.
1555
Gaspard de Coligny, a French Huguenot, established a colony at the mouth of the Rio de Janeiro. It was captured by the Portuguese in 1560.
The Portuguese named the entire Maritime region of America as Baccalaos. The name survived in Baccaro, Acadia ( Nova Scotia) and Baccalieu Island, Newfoundland.
Richard Eden this year wrote the Decades of the Newe Worlde: “Cadot him selfe named those landes Baccalloas (Newfoundland), bycause that in the seas ther about he found so great mulitiude of certayne bigge fysshes…which th’ inhabitantes caule Baccallaos.” This entry is interesting in two ways, first it would suggest Baccallaos was first discovered by the Portuguese as this is their word for cod. Second said the inhabitants of Newfoundland called the Island Baccallaos, this suggests European ‘settlements’ preceded Cadot 1497, as the Indians are not likely to use a Portuguese word to describe their land. The word Baccallaos is traced back to earlier than 950 A.D. in Europe. That word or any possible derivation does not appear in Native American languages.
1556
The Spanish ship Ines de Soto was wrecked and sank west of Havania.
1557
Ten young Brazilian Indians were purchased by Villegaignon, and sent to France as a gift to King Henry II. The king distributed them among the nobles of his court. Lescarbot
1560
Basques Agore’s Chalupa is discovered in Red Bay, Labrador.
1562
A map by Italian Cartographer Faolo Forlani is believed to be the first known map to label Canada as Canada. It also records the Arctic Ocean, Laborador and Stadacone (later known as Quebec City) of the Iroquois confederation.
Discouraging reports of settlement prospects along the St. Lawrence River in Canada discouraged a settlement by Jean Ribault. Jean Ribault, from Dieppe, with 150 Huguenot colonists, set up a pillar (stone column) at the mouth of the St. John River (below Jacksonville, Florida). He then established a colony at Port Royal, South Carolina. Some of the colonists returned to France in 1564. In 1565 the Spanish captured the French settlement and put the people to the sword.
Ribault landed at Parris Island, South Carolina and built a small fort (Charlesfort) to defend it, leaving 27 men. He promised to return but is unable due to the infighting between the Catholics and Huguenots. At Fort Charles, a fire destroyed most of the provisions. The officer in charge hanged one of the men; the crew mutinied, built their own ship, and sailed home after some 11 months. The queen of France commanded Ribaut to bring back some of the natives. In obedience to her command, Ribaut attempted to detain two of the natives on board ship to carry them to France, but the savages managed to escape and swam to shore
Charles IX of France gave his permission to allow Huguenots to settle Florida. His motives are highly suspect.
1563
Jacques le Moyne is in the Rene de Laudonniere party when they established a trading post at Parris Island, South Carolina named Fort Caroline. John Hawkins of Plymouth called at Fort Caroline and brought home a packet of tobacco.
1564
Rene de Laudonniere led more Huguenots to Florida, building Fort Caroline at the mouth of the St. John’s River. Pedro Menendez de Aviles, of Spain, sent a fleet to destroy the French colony. He attacked the Fort and massacred the French defenders including Jean Ribault who arrived to help the colonists. Some suggest the destruction of the French colony by the Spanish was in 1565.
1565
In the Strait of Belle Isle, Labrador, a 300 ton Basque galleon, the San Juan, sank with 55,000 gallons of oil worth some six million dollars in present value. A Major Basque settlement existed at Tor Bay, Acadia (Nova Scotia) about this time. Another major Basque settlement was at Lesquemin (Les Escumins, Quebec).
St. Augustine, Florida is established this year by Pedro Menendez de Aviles.
1566
The Spanish discovered the French Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina and built their own fort, San Felipe, right on top of Charlesfort. They didn’t want to acknowledge claim to their capital.
Bolongnini Zaltieri named Nova Scotia and New Brunswick as Larcaida (Acadia).
A French ship in search of strange adventures sailed to Terra Nova (Labrador). They met with a man, his wife and child. The French attempted to capture the family. The man was shot in the body with an arrow and wounded on the side with a sword, but he fought with increased fury. Finally he was killed, but not before he had slain 12 French and Portuguese.
1568
November 8: An English pirate named John Hawkins marooned 114 sailors just north of Tampico, Mexico. The men, starving and unarmed, split into two groups, half headed south toward Tampico. They were captured and imprisoned in Mexico after suffering devastating Indian attacks. Some lost their lives in the Inquisition of 1575. The remainder headed north, David Ingram, Richard Twide and Richard Browne survived to reach safety and freedom in Acadia ( Nova Scotia). They estimate they traveled 2,000 miles, followed the coast to the Rio Grande then north through ZAlabama, and Georgia, passing near Florida’s St. John River. The basically followed the Atlantic coast to New Brunswick, Canada. They traded pearls gathered along the way for passage on a French ship.
1569
The Mercator Map suggests that the Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay (Hudson Bay or Bay of the North) was explored some time prior to this date, likely by the Portuguese.
1570
The Basque brothers Joanes, d-1588 and Martin de Elcano made a number of fishing trips to Terranove and selling their codfish in the Azores. Many Basque fishermen reported they had spent some 20 years in Terranove waters.
Vicente Gonzalez sailed from Havana by way of Santa Elena (off South Carolina’s Port Royal Sound) to deliver Spanish Jesuit missionaries to Chesapeake Bay. Florida governor Menendez de Aviles had asked the Jesuits to investigate the possibility of a route to the mountains and to China. Gonzalez sailed three times to resupply the Jesuits but they had fallen to Indian attacks.
Louis de Quiros and Juan Baptista de Segura, two Spanish Jesuits reported reaching the south western shore of Chesapeake Bay. Pedro Menendez de Aviles and his nephew Pedro Menendez Marquez surveyed Chesapeake Bay this year.
A French ship arrived Norumberga (Maine) and sailed up the Kennebec River to establish a fort and colony. In 1575 Father Andrew Thevet, a Franciscan returned to France to report the status of the colony. George Peckham and Thomas Gerard headed up the colony. In 1583 a supply ship with more colonists sunk with all hands trying to reach the colony. The ultimate fait of the colony is not known.
1571
The Jesuits Juan de Segura and others of the Spanish Mission of Chesapeake Bay are killed by Paquiquineo renamed Don Luis de Velasco or Don Luis and his followers. Why these friendly Natives killed the Jesuits is not recorded.
1576
Martin Frobisher (1539-1594), a fortune hunter, a sea dog and, as some claimed, an infamous, outrageous pirate, journeyed this year and in 1577 and 1578 to Canada, making land fall at Hall Island.
His second expedition ended in Hudson Strait, being blocked by ice. His encounter with the Eskimo led him to believe they have had previous encounters with Europeans, as the were very familiar with the ship and possessed European trade goods.
July 20: Martin Frobisher (1539-1594) named this area Resolution Island, off the southeastern end of Baffin Island as Queen Elisabeth’s Forlande. Sailing north, he discovered a passage dividing Asia from America and named it Frobisher Strait (Frobisher Bay). Frobisher Bay would later be renamed Iqaluit; meaning the place where the fish are.
August 19: Martin Frobisher (1539-1594) traded with the Eskimo (Inuit) Natives for meat and furs and convinced the Eskimo to pilot them through Frobisher Strait. Frobisher sent five of his men among the natives to scope a rout to the west, and they disappeared.
October 9: Martin Frobisher (1539-1594) the pirate departed for England with samples of iron pyrite, believing them to be gold. He returned with a captive Eskimo, complete with kayak, but the Eskimo, he believed, had made off with five of Frobisher’s men and a boat.
1577
Martin Frobisher (1539-1594) returned to Canada in search of gold with fifteen ships and 400 men, and entered into war with the Eskimo, but this time Frobisher is shot in the buttocks, likely fleeing from the Eskimo. Frobisher ambushed a number of Eskimo, taking one or two captive, but others jumped into the sea rather than being taken. A mother and wounded child were taken as slaves to England. The captured slaves died about a month after landing in England on September 17, 1577.
A Basque fleet was frozen into a harbor in the Strait of Belle Isle, forcing the men to winter. This winter 540 men died despite lots of fish and oil.
1578
It is recorded that 150 French vessels per year are fishing and trading the New World. Spain has 300 vessels and the English 30-50 vessels fishing off Newfoundland. These numbers would significantly increase each year. Another tally records off the coast of Newfoundland 100 Spanish ships, 20 or 30 Biskaie ships, 50 from Portugal, 150 of French and Britons all catching cod.
Some claim that Martin Frobisher (1539-1594) erected the first permanent European building in America this year on Kodlumarn Island. This, however, excludes the Viking and Fishermen who have been here before him.
Marquis de la Roche Mesgoues (1540-1606) is appointed Viceroy of New France with authority to colonize the region.
There is a printed reference to Penguin Island, Newfoundland but this island was occupied by the auks not penguin.
May 31: Martin Frobisher (1539-1594) led a fleet of 15 ships to establish a settlement at Frobisher’s Bay (Iqaluit) to mine gold.
June 30: Martin Frobisher (1539-1594) claimed Greenland for England, renaming it West England.
July 2: Martin Frobisher (1539-1594) sailed up the Mistaken Strait (Hudson Strait) and tried to reassemble his fleet. One ship was lost by crushing ice but the crew were rescued, and one ship deserted back to England.
July 24: Martin Frobisher’s fleet gathered in Frobisher Bay (Igaluit) which he renamed Countess of Warwick Sound.
July 30: Martin Frobisher (1539-1594) found the Judith and Michael behind Anne Warwick Island (Kodlunarn Island), having been lost. The Reverend Robert Wolfal conducted the first Thanksgiving service in North America, with 100 men. George Best was the chronicler of this expedition and also conducted a Thanksgiving meal.
August 31: Martin Frobisher (1539-1594) set sail for England, and the other remaining 13 ships departed on September 2. All returned safely by October 1 with their fools gold.
1579
Simo Fernandes, a Portuguese in English service and John Walker scouted the Penobscot, River in Maine in separate voyages and made no reference of cities filled with gold, silver and pearls as previously noted.
Richard Whitbouene born before 1564, died after 1628 and between 1579-1628 constantly visited New-Found-Land for whaling and trading with the Indians.
1580
Basque activities in the Saint Lawrence estuary and River reached its peak between 1550-1580.
Michel Montaigne (1533-1592) was a propagator on the cultural theme “noble Savage’. Most of his material was however borrowed from others.
1581
Merchants from St. Malo, France began to trade for furs up the St. Lawrence River, in competition with the Basque traders.
1582
Vicente Gonzalez with fifty soldiers in two ships sailed to South Carolina to capture the French as reported being in Charleston Harbour. He visited every possible harbors along the coast but found no Frenchmen.
1583
Humphrey Gilbert (1537-1583), brother of Walter Raleigh, with 4 ships and 260 men, departed to establish a colony on Newfoundland. Within two days his largest ship had to return because a contagious disease broke out.
It is estimated that 25,000 ships have sunk off the coast of Nova Scotia since this date to the year 2000.
August 5: Humphrey Gilbert encountered 36 ships in the St. John’s harbor of Newfoundland from Spain, Portugal, France and England. He demanded they pay tribute, like a common pirate, on the pretext that he claimed the southeast coast of New Found Land for England. He refused to recognize the previous claims of the Spanish, French, and Portuguese to Newfoundland. The arrogant Gilbert claims that the English establish St. John’s Newfoundland this year, but what were 36 ships doing in the harbor? This site has likely been in use for decades. A storm resulted in the loss of more of his ships including his papers, his false claims and his very own life. The remainder of his fl
For years, we knew of the Rich (Henss Family Branch) connections to the Swiss- Elsass/Alsace, Montbeliard/ Bern communities. More recently, we have come to understand quite a bit of the Senger (Rabideau Family Branch) connections to the West Prussian / East Prussian Mennonite communities.
If you are wondering whether you might be an Anabaptist- Mennonite descendant, here are several articles that provide pointers to Anabaptist Family Surnames:
Like most genealogists, I make mistakes. I think it is safe to say that my mistakes are almost always simple accidents. At least, I can not think of a single situation where I have made an error on purpose. I don’t like admitting that I make errors but in all honesty, I do. Maybe others are more highly thorough and skilled than I and have a differing view. However, I digress.
First off I want to apologize for the few month hiatus in ManyRoads Newsletters. You are right, this has happened before. Maybe I should just admit to my unreliable nature but on the other hand the good news is, I am not drowning you in spam!?!
In that spirit, I offer this posting. I can assure you that this brief article will not do much more than whet your appetite; but you might just come away with a few tips and an interest in seeing what else can be accomplished with just a little effort on your part.
But before I do that, a couple of important ManyRoads items have transpired. Firstly, we have signed up our first customers. We are excited and progress is beginning to be made. Also I have been invited to write periodic articles for http://geneabloggers.com. Also our readership numbers have almost doubled in the past month. Please invite your friends, we hope they are able to find useful information on our site. And last but certainly not least, I have been invited to speak at the Parker LDS Family History Center on 16 September 2010; stop by if you are in town!
But as you can see, the love remains.
