Over the past few weeks, I have received numerous requests for guidance on how to use Tanguay’s texts for genealogy research (and where to get them). I have to admit that it does seem a bit odd to me that these genealogy texts are not well understood. But after having received the requests, I did some searching on the web only to note that there are no real guides readily available for novices, so here’s my feeble attempt at creating one.
By way of a bit of background, the texts discussed here are called: Dictionnaire généalogique des Familles Canadiennes depuis la fondation de la colonie jusqu’à nos jours (Genealogical Dictionary of Canadian Families from the Founding of the Colony to Our Time). This body of genealogical work is generally recognized as the seminal work for all French-Canadian genealogy. It is “printed” in seven (7) volumes. This huge and historically significant textual documentation is most amazingly the work of but one single person, Father (Abbé/ Abbott) Cyprien Tanguay. To quote Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online:
To compile this genealogy of Canadian families Tanguay systematically examined the parish records of the country, indeed, of the whole of French-speaking North America, copying entries of baptisms, marriages, and burials. During his lengthy journeys through continental Europe he was able to examine in detail the holdings of strategic archives, such as the Dépôt des Archives de la Marine in Paris and collections in Belgium, Prussia and other German states, and Italy.
To begin with, every user of Tanguay’s texts needs to be clear on what these documents are and what they are not…
They are:
In the Public Domain and have been since 1952. As such, free electronic versions of the Tanguay texts are available on-line. The best version is currently resident in BANQ (Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec- National Library and Archives of Quebec). These are now Freely downloadable in pdf form. (Note: ManyRoads will be replacing our downloads with those from BANQ)
Volume 1 covers families 1608 to 1700. This includes all family surnames.
Volumes 2 to 7 cover families until ‘about’ 1765 although a very few lines reach as far as 1880.
Volume 2 covers family surnames Abel à Chapuy
Volume 3 covers family surnames Charbonneau à Eziéro
Volume 4 covers family surnames Fabas à Jinines
Volume 5 covers family surnames Joachim à Mercier
Volume 6 covers family surnames Mercin à Robidoux (and yes, that is my family surname…)
Volume 7 covers family surnames Robillard à Ziseuse
The original set of texts are released under ISBN 0-88545-009-4 (Ed. Elysee)
The texts are not:
Perfect; there are errors in the texts. Most seem to me to involve missing information rather than mis-information. And yes, there are texts providing corrections to Tanguay’s work. The errata text I am most familiar with was written by Joseph-Arthur Leboeuf; Complement a Tanguay (A compliment to Tanguay) a volume of 600 pages - which reports the errors and omissions of Tanguay.
Use
When using Tanguay’s texts it is important to note that every entry includes: date and place of wedding of the married pair/couple, the husband and his father (located in the right hand margin), the wife and her father, and finally their children (note the children’s names are in italics.)
Events included in the records most frequently are baptisms (b), marriages (m) and burials (s).
Gleanings from the Registers (1 vol, 300 pages) – “À travers les registres” by Cyprien Tanguay, is a work of about 300 pages which contains hundreds of facts that are historically related to ancestors. This information was collected by Tanguay at the time of records perusal for the seven original volumes. (Available Free here.)
Directory of Canadian Clergy (1 vol, 600 pages) – “Répertoire général du clergé Canadien” by Tanguay. This work of Tanguay enumerates Roman Catholic clergy members from the beginning of New France to to 1880. This book gives historical and genealogical information of all clerical individuals and parishes where they worked. (Available Free here.)
The use of Dit names in French Canada (Bas Canada) is both very common and confusing. Currently, I am working with another Deyo cousin to attempt to unravel yet another Deyo mystery. This part of my family line is now being reworked for the fourth time! I think I might be getting good at it. Briefly here’s the mystery…
It appears, now, that I might be descended from a woman we believe was named Honoree Beaulac. Her family name (surname) has the following common dit names (there may be others as well):
As you might well imagine, this combination of names gives us a little bit to search and rummage around in. More importantly if you are researching family members in Bas Canada, you too will certainly encounter this form of adventure. Enjoy the mystery and challenge!
Here is a list of some sites providing explanations of “Dit” names:
University of Montréal – A link to find other associated names when one is known and the other is not, plus other information about names in French Québec, especially before 1800.
If you are performing research in Quebec, the Rituel du Diocèse de Québec may prove useful in providing clues regarding the name or names of your ancestors. To quote the PRDH:
Among Catholics, choice of first name wasn’t left to chance or parents’ imagination. On the contrary, the church liked to control the attribution of first names to ensure that on the day they were baptised, children received the name of a saint who would guide them throughout their life. In the Rituel du Diocèse de Québec, which laid out the rules to follow for writing baptismal, marriage, and burial certificates in Quebec, Monsignor de Saint-Vallier stipulated, “The Church forbids Priests from allowing profane or ridiculous names to be given to the child, such as Apollon, Diane, etc. But it commands that the child be given the name of a male or female Saint, depending on its sex, so that it can imitate the virtues and feel the effects of God’s protection.”
I am pleased to inform everyone that the presentation on 9 October 2010 went quite well. We had 15 folks in attendance. As always, the discussions were lively and interesting.
You may notice from the photo, we are a very young and energetic bunch! Oh, and I am getting thinner every day – I mean hair-wise, of course.
A copy of the presentation is available for free download:
This is a copy of my Quebec Genealogy presentation delivered on 9 October 2010 at the Parker Genealogical Society in Parker, CO. You may download it to your PC or read it on-line below.
Lacolle is the area from which the Joseph Dion family emigrated to the United States. Historically both Rabideau and Dion/ Deyo family members lived and traversed this region.
source [minor edits and corrections made by ManyRoads]
First written mention of Lacolle can be traced back to July 4, 1609 when Samuel de Champlain and his entourage stopped briefly at the mouth of a small stream for a meal before continuing southward up the Richelieu River into the lake which now bears his name. In his journal Champlain referred to the location of the delta as “Lacole”. When translated literally the term means the neck of a bottle or that which is above the shoulders. [...]This river seems to take its source from a nearby, solitary hill. From many places in France the term “La Cole” or “La Colle” stems from the Latin “colla”, which means “hill”.
“La Rivière à La Colle” appeared for the first time in the 1740 “Map of Lake Champlain from the Fort of Chambly to the ‘pointe à la Chevelure’” drawn by Chaussergros de Lery. His map is seen here. You can barely make out “Beaujeu” in the block to the right of the crease in the paper, below the river
Lacolle Quebec- 1740
What today is the farming village of St-Bernard-de-Lacolle has its roots in the Seigneurie of Beaujeu. The seigneurs of Beauharnois and Hocquart hatched a project to concede some seigneuries in the area of the Lake Champlain Valley. In 1733, they conceded land to Louis Denis de la Ronde (seigneurie of Lacolle) and to Louis Lienard de Beaujeu (seigneurie of Chazy). Unfortunately, as of 1741, both seigneurs had left the land as they received it.
On the 10th of May, 1741, the lands were returned to Couronne because the consessioners had not established colonies. On March 22nd, 1743, Beauharnois and Hocquart conceded the seigneurie of Lacolle to sir Daniel Lienard de Beaujeu, son of Louis. By 1751, two new families had settled by the “rivière à la Colle”. On Mar 6, 1752, under the Marquis de la Jonquire and Francois Bigot, Daniel received the lands of his now-deceased father. It would be told “…how he made, before and after the war (1746-1748), considerable dispenses for the establishment of said concession on which he had settlers who have bulls, cows, plows, and other work tools.”
The seigneurie changed hands several times, passing from one generation to the next. During this time, several mills, churches, schools, and homes were built. Some had stone houses while the poorer settlers built log cabins. [...]
Along the Richelieu River, the closest church to Lacolle was in Chambly, quite a distance to travel for marriages and baptisms. In 1810, the curé Berthelot took his chalice and portable alter to visit the settlers in Lacolle. He baptized several children and said mass. Later, other protestant missionaries made their way to the area and founded the United Church of Lacolle called St-Saviour.
In 1841, Lord Sydenham proposed the erection of municipal districts. Everyone thinks these municipalities will revive and that they will come to be well-known like a parish. On November 18, 1841, some residents of the seigneurie of Lacolle addressed Monsignor Ignace Bourget, bishop of Montreal, to obtain the erection of a parish. They presented the usual reasons: distance from the nearest church, the dreadful state of the roads [in order to get there], the difficulty in training their children in the catholic religion. The real reason appeared at the end of the document: “after the ecclesiastical recognition, they would be addressing the government to obtain “some documents that grant to their said new parish a civil existence which will soon be recognized.”
In January 1842, M. Charles Laroque, curé of Blairfindie was sent by Bourget to make an inquest. On the first of February, Monsignor Ignace Bourget set up the “mission of St-Bernard-de-Lacolle”, as the population is still too dispersed to create a parish. He also accepted the gift of three arpents [unit of land] of land from Michel Normandin on which to build a church.
11 July 1842 – four representatives (James O’CONNOR, Michel NORMANDIN, Louis REMILLARD, Etienne DUQUETTE) signed a contract with Charles NOËL to build a stone church for $250 ($150 silver,$100 hay and grain).
13 October 1843 – three representatives (Patrick BARKER, Constant BOUSQUET, Noël DESAUTELS) purchased 80 benches from the chapel of Saint-Jacques-Mineur for 16 livres 14 shillings.
11 November 1843 – Charles François Calixte MORRISON is named the parish priest.
16 November 1843 – At the courthouse of Montreal, the church was equipped with the necessary registers for the parish.
19 November 1843 – The first baptism is recorded.
In 1851, the census of St-Bernard-de-Lacolle reports: 3483 persons (1760 anglophone and 1723 francophone), 1787 men and 1696 woman, 1886 catholic and 1597 protestant.
The law of December 18, 1854 ended the seigneurial system in Canada, and the municipality of St-Bernard-de-Lacolle has flourished since its first mayor [was elected] in 1833.
Charles Berthelot, curé of Saint-Luc, [wrote] on 9 October 1909 that the young people of the area are working cutting trees down south, near Lake Champlain.” In the 40-50 years since [then], many young families [spent] years in the factories in the [United States] to earn better wages. Many returned, but not all, with their savings. The [Canadian] census records still indicate one or two children from these families [were] born in the United States. [...] In 1850, the California gold rush saw many men leaving behind a wife and children [...]never [to] return with [...] promised riches. Soon after [1850], many farmers left with their families to settle in the fertile prairies of Illinois [and Michigan], where they could easily establish their sons. In October 1867, the [Lacolle] city council began to worry, for an empty house meant that the road opposite this property was no longer maintained. [Dirt roads needed to be maintained by the settlers.]
[At] the turn of the [21st] century, the parish of Notre-Dame-du-Mont-Carmel and the municipality of Lacolle [were] established, and St-Bernard-de-Lacolle has become seemingly very small. The area has seen many ups and downs, but the overall feel for the land is the same. The families who till the land and milk the cows are as hardy today as they were in the first days of the seigneurie. If you ever visit this village, take note of the rolling hills and the wide open fields with their long, plowed rows, [...] you’ll be swept away to another time when your ancestors [settled] a whole new world.
Both the Rabideau & Deyo families have roots in the area
surrounding Lacolle Quebec. In the early to mid-1800s Lacolle was an area that saw numerous battles and skirmishes, both in the war of 1812 and the Patriotes Rebellion of 1837-1838 including:
Battle Of Lacolle Mills (1812)
Second Battle of Lacolle (1814)
Battle at Odelltown and the Battle of Lacolle (November 7 & 9, 1838)
The Battle of Lacolle Mills was fought on November 20, 1812, during the War of 1812. In this relatively short and fast battle, a very small garrison of British troops and Canadian volunteers, with the assistance of Kahnawake Mohawk warriors, defended the Lacolle Mills Blockhouse near the village of Lacolle, Quebec.
The American invasion force, prepared and led by Major General Henry Dearborn, captured the blockhouse in the early morning, possibly following a brief confrontation with the outnumbered defending forces. In the dark, a second group of American militia attacked the troops at the blockhouse, resulting in a short battle between two groups of American forces. In the aftermath of this confusion, the British forces under the command of Charles de Salaberry launched a counter attack against the shaken American forces, forcing a retreat to Champlain before the American forces withdrew from Lower Canada completely. After this defeat, the demoralized American forces would not attempt this assault again until 1814 in the Second Battle of Lacolle Mills.
The Second Battle of Lacolle Mills was fought on 30 March 1814 during the War of 1812. The small garrison of a British outpost position, aided by reinforcements, fought off a strong but badly-executed American attack.
After the St. Lawrence campaign had ended late the previous year with the British victory at the Battle of Crysler’s Farm, the defeated American Army under Major General James Wilkinson went into winter quarters at French Mills, New York, only just inside the United States. The British commanders feared that the Americans could threaten the British line of communication along the St. Lawrence River from this position, but Wilkinson made no attempt to do so. His army arrived at French Mills with few supplies, and because of poor roads, lack of transport and draught animals and inefficiency of the Quartermaster General’s Department, it was almost impossible to supply the army in this advanced position. Sickness rapidly increased until there were no less than 450 sick in squalid conditions in a hospital in Malone, New York and many more in French Mills.
Finally, in late January, Secretary of War John Armstrong ordered Wilkinson to detach a division numbering 2,000 men under Brigadier General Jacob Brown to Sackett’s Harbor, New York, and fall back with the main body (about 4,000 fit men) to Plattsburgh, New York on Lake Champlain, while the sick and wounded were removed to Burlington, Vermont. British troops followed up almost to Plattsburgh, recovering large quantities of supplies from settlements in New York state such as Malone and Four Corners and paroling many sick American soldiers who fell into their hands, before withdrawing.
Wilkinson was aware that he would almost certainly be removed from command following the defeat of the St. Lawrence campaign, and planned several offensives to restore his reputation. Most of these were too ambitious with the means available, but one objective seemed feasible. A few miles north of the border between Canada and the United States, the main road running north crossed the small Lacolle River. Here, the British maintained an outpost of 80 men of the 13th Regiment of Foot in a blockhouse and the stout stone-built mill building. The defenders also included a Congreve rocket detachment of the Royal Marine Artillery, and there were other outpost positions and blockhouses nearby.
Battle
Wilkinson marched northwards from Plattsburgh to attack this outpost on 27 March 1814. His force consisted of 4,000 men organised into three brigades, with 11 pieces of artillery. The march was delayed by deep snow and mud, and he was not able to occupy Odelltown until 30 March, and begin the attack on Lacolle Mills until the early afternoon.
The Americans opened fire with two 12-pounder cannon and a 5-and-a-half inch mortar. They could not bring an 18-pounder gun into action because of soft ground around the area. The British garrison fired back with their Congreve rockets. Although the rockets were inaccurate, they caused several American casualties. The American troops had not encountered these weapons before in battle and were unnerved.
The flank (i.e. the Light and Grenadier) companies of the 13th had been stationed nearby, and launched a bayonet charge against the American artillery emplacements, but they were far outnumbered and were repulsed. Hearing the firing from some 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away, a company of the Canadian Voltigeurs and the Grenadier company of the Canadian Fencibles also marched to reinforce the defenders. They waded through icy water to slip through the American lines and opened fire on American artillery, wounding the American artillery commander, his replacement and many of the gun crews. The Americans were also under fire from British gunboats under Commander Daniel Pring of the Royal Navy, who had brought his vessels up the Richelieu River from Ile aux Noix to the mouth of the Lacolle River.
By evening, the Americans had made little impression on the British defences. Rather than launch an all-out assault, Wilkinson ordered a retreat. The Americans returned to Plattsburgh, considerably disheartened.
Wilkinson had apparently recklessly exposed himself to British fire throughout the action, though to little purpose.
Aftermath
On 11 April, Wilkinson received orders from Armstrong relieving him of command. This was probably not a direct result of the debacle at Lacolle Mills, but followed a request made by Wilkinson himself on 24 March for a Court of Enquiry to rule on his conduct of the St. Lawrence campaign the previous year.[5] This eventually resulted in a court martial, but Wilkinson was acquitted of various charges of negligence and misconduct.
The failure nevertheless allowed Armstrong to promote a crop of comparatively junior officers to command divisions and brigades. Major General George Izard, who had been on leave when the Battle of Lacolle Mills was fought, eventually took command at Plattsburgh.
The November 7 & 9, 1838 Battle at Odelltown and the Battle of Lacolle
The years of 1837 and 1838 were bad for the citizens of Quebec. Many French settlers were led into rebellion by Louis Papineau.
Lacolle was the scene of two significant battles during the Papineau Rebellion, both occuring in the late fall of 1838. About 220 militia and volunteers from Havlock, Covey Hill, Hemmingford and Sherrington marched through Roxham to reinforce those facing the rebels in the November 7, 1838 stand at the Bullis Farm. The Battle of Lacolle was fought on November 7, 1838 between Loyal Lower Canada volunteer forces under Major John Scriver and Lower Canada rebels under Colonel Ferdinand-Alphonse Oklowski. On November 6, on their way to Lacolle, the Patriote rebels had won a first skirmish, but they lost in the final confrontation the next day. The battle lasted half an hour.
Again, on the 9th of November Odelltown (a part of Lacolle today) became a battlefield when nearly 1200 rebels unexpectedly engaged about 200 loyal defenders in and around the Odelltown Church. On both occaisions the rebels were forced to retreat.
The following Quebec History subjects are now available in our online library: The 1837 Patriots Rebellion of Lower Canada and the Metis population of Quebec.
Names used to designate Natives, other than the name of their tribe or nation, include : Savage (a pejorative, rarely used today but common only a half-century ago), Indian, North American Indian, Native, and Amerindian (this one seems to be used only in French). In French, the corresponding terms are: Sauvage, Indien, Indien nord-américain, Autochtone and Amérindien.
Janet Woppumnaweskum, Metis woman
Metis means mixed blood, that is initially one parent was White, and one was Native, while later one or both were Metis. While a Metis can be any place where there are Natives and Whites, Metis Nation is defined as including the Metis living in the early Manitoba lands.
Contrary to popular belief, there were few marriages between Natives and the French in the early days of the colony of New France. We can find these marriages in Jette for the period before 1731, just like all the other marriages of that period. This kind of marriages seems to be more common in Acadia but because of the missing records, it is not possible to estimate the proportion of Acadian Metis families.
In the Quebec early vital records (1621-1765), we have about 78 couples with a Male Native and a Female European, 45 with a Female Native and a Male European and 540 with 2 Natives. The whole database has over 44,500 couples, including some living in France. So, the % of Metis married couples is very small, under 0.3%. Those are couples according to our church records. It is practically not possible to count about many couples left no official trace except if we do some DNA analysis for the whole population.
While the Acadian records are less complete, it is quite fascinating to compare them with the Quebec records. In the Quebec missions like Tadoussac or Oka, the Amerindians were called with Indian names. In Acadia, they had more frequently European names. In the old West (pays d’en haut), there are some fur traders who married Native women following the local custom. The European settlement appeared after that of Quebec and Acadia and the naming pattern is similar to that of Quebec. This could mean in Acadia, the Natives were mixed to Whites, while in Quebec and the West, the White were mixed to Natives. This would explain why there is no Native parish in Acadia, unlike in Quebec.
From 1600 to 1800 ( very approximate years ), acts of baptism, marriage, and [death] may include only the Christian name or both the Christian and the Native names. In the second case, it is possible to find the genealogical link even if the Native name is not hereditary because that name is kept by a person all along his/her life.
Around 1800-1850 ( very approximate years ), acts concerning Natives start using a family name and it then becomes possible to trace the genealogical links.
There was another special phenomenon, namely the adoption by Whites of Natives, but these adoptions left no trace in the parish registers. In fact, adoptions before 1930, be they of Whites or Natives are rarely mentioned in Quebec parish registers.
Early humans occupied sites around Burgos as early as 800,000 years ago. When the Romans took possession of what is now the province of Burgos the site had been a Celtiberian city. In Roman times it belonged to Hispania Citerior (“Hither Spain”) and then to Hispania Tarraconensis. In the fifth century the Visigoths drove back the Suebi, then the Arabs occupied almost all of Castile in the eighth century, though only for a brief period, and left little if any trace of their occupation. Alfonso III the Great, king of León reconquered it about the middle of the ninth century, and built several castles for the defence of Christendom, which was then extended through the reconquest of lost territory. The region came to be known as Castile (Latin castella), i.e. “land of castles”.
Burgos was founded in 884 as an outpost of this expanding Christian frontier, when Diego Rodríguez “Porcelos”, count of Castile, governed this territory with orders to promote the increase of the Christian population; with this end in view he gathered the inhabitants of the surrounding country into one fortified village, whose Visigothic name of Burgos signified consolidated walled villages (Gothic baurgs). The city began to be called Caput Castellae (“Cabeza de Castilla” or “Head of Castile”). The county (condado) of Burgos, subject to the Kings of León, continued to be governed by counts and was gradually extended; one of these counts, Fernán González, established his independence.
In the eleventh century the city became the see of a Catholic bishop and the capital of the Kingdom of Castile. Burgos was a major stop for pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela and a centre of trade between the Bay of Biscay and the south, which attracted an unusually large foreign merchant population, who became part of the city oligarchy and excluded other foreigners. Throughout the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries Burgos was a favourite seat of the kings of León and Castile and a favoured burial site. The consejo or urban commune of Burgos was firmly in the hands of an oligarchic class of caballeros villanos, the “peasant knights” of Burgos, who provided the monarchs with a mounted contingent: in 1255 and 1266 royal charters granted to those citizens of Burgos who owned horses and could arm themselves relief from taxes, provided that they continue to live within the city walls The merchant oligarchy succeeded the cathedral chapter as the major purchasers of land after 1250; they carried on their mercantile business in common with municipal or royal functions and sent their sons to England and Flanders to gain experience in overseas trade. A few families within the hermandades or confraternities like the Sarracín and Bonifaz succeeded in monopolising the post of alcalde, or mayor; a special court, the alcalde del rey was first mentioned at Burgos in 1281 By the reign of Alfonso X the exemption of the non-noble knights and religious corporations, combined with exorbitant gifts and grants to monasteries and private individuals, placed great stress on the economic well-being of the realm.
In the century following the conquest of Seville (1248), Burgos became a testing-ground for royal policies of increasing power against the consejo, in part by encouraging the right to appeal from the consejo to the king. In 1285 Sancho IV added a new body to the consejo which came to dominate it: the jurado in charge of collecting taxes and overseeing public works; the king reserved the right to select its members. The city perceived that danger to its autonomy came rather from an uncontrolled aristocracy during royal minorities: Burgos joined the hermandades of cities that leagued together for mutual protection in 1295 and 1315. In the fourteenth century official royal intrusion in city affairs was perceived as a palliative against outbreaks of violence by the large excluded class of smaller merchants and artisans, on whom the tax burden fell. The alguacil was the royal official instituted to judge disagreements.
On 9 June 1345, sweeping aside the city government, Alfonso XI established direct royal rule of Burgos through the Regimiento of sixteen appointed men
In 1574 Pope Gregory XIII made its bishop an archbishop, at the request of king Philip II.
Burgos has been the scene of many wars: with the Moors, the struggles between León and Navarre, and between Castile and Aragon. In the Peninsular War against Napoleonic France, Burgos was the scene of a battle, and again in the 19th century Carlist civil wars of the Spanish succession. During the Spanish Civil War Burgos was the base of Gen. Franco’s rebel Nationalist government.
Note:Several ManyRoads readers have questioned the accuracy of some of the Metis claims presented in this document by Mr. Garneau. Should you have evidence that you would like to present refuting the veracity and accuracy of any claims made by Mr. Garneau, which you would like us to present here, please contact us directly.
We are happy to present all relevant information here, in the interest of fairness, full disclosure and accuracy.
The following material is written by: R.D. (Dick) Garneau, who is solely responsible for its accuracy.
1635
Three marriages, four births and thirteen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle married Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619, see (II)-Pierre Boucher 1634 who married their daughter b-1636
About 31 women were recorded in Kebec at this time, three being Indian girls for marriage to French settlers. These are:
Three native maidens of marriageable age
(I)-Thomasse Gabarette, wife (I)-Francois Albert
Anne Couvent (Convent), b-1601 wife Phillippe Amyot
Simone d’Orgeville (1589-1649) wife (I)-Adrien d’Abancour dit Lacaille, d-1641,
Anne Ardouin d-1670 wife (I)-Jacques Badeau d-1658
(II)-Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet de Belleborne, Metis, b-1630 daughter (I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne (1598-1642) and Nipissirinienne sauvagesse, b-1610. (I)-Jean 2nd marriage Oct. 7, 1737 Kebec, (II)-Marguerite Couillard (1626-1705)
Helene Desportes wife (II)-Guillaume Hebert (1620-1639)
Jeanne Le Marchand wife (I)-Mathieu Michel Le Neuf du Herisson (1601-1642) brother (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie b-1606
(II)-Marguerite Le Gardeur, b-1608, wife (I)-Jacques Le Neuf de la Potherie, b-1606
(I)-Marie Le Neuf du Herisson (1612-1683) wife (1636) (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy de Linclot (1608-1681)
Marie d’Abancour (Avaugour) wife (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651)
Louise sauvagesse wife (1604-1704) (I)-Oliver De La Tour, Judge of Champlain
Marie Langlois wife Jean Junchereau de Maure
Madeleine Le Neuf du Herisson wife Jean Poutrel di Colombier
The Jesuits have established this year 6 residences in New France:
Residence of Sainte Anne at Cape Breton
Residence of Saint Charles at Misku, an island in the Bay of Chaleurs.
Residence of Nostredame de Recouvrance at Kebec, near the fort.
Residence of Nostredame de Anges about 1/2 league from Kebec. This is supported by Monsieur le Marquis de Gamache.
Residence of Conception at Trois Rivieres (Three Rivers)
Residence of Saint Joseph at Ihonatiria among the Huron (Wendat).
Their desire is to open a second residence this year among the Huron but at a different location.
Most Frenchmen were committed to the idea of having marriages that they considered to be valid by their own customs, and those who could afford to make the trip to a local priest generally had their marriages consecrated within the church. However, they could only receive clerical sanction of they married Indian women who had converted to Catholicism and received the sacraments. This and the continual shortage of clergy in the upper country would make this type of marriage uncommon.
The Jesuits send the second barbarian (savage) girl to France for education hopefully to discourage country marriages. They open a school at Quebec for Indian and French children.
The winter of 1634/1635 scurvy visited the Trois Rivieres settlement.
(I)-Rene Brisson b-1635, married (II)-Anne Vesinat (1651-1687) daughter (I)-Jacques Vesinat (Votmine) and Marie Bourdon. (I)-Rene Brison could be son Rene Risson of 1619?
(I)-Georges d’Eudemare arrived Kebec this year and is still in Kebec in 1645.
(I)-Robert Drouin (1607-1685), arrived Kebec 1635 married 1st July 12, 1837, Kebec, Anne Cloutier; see 1634
(I)-Gilles Nicolet arrived Kebec this year and returned to France 1657.
(I)-Francois Petit Pre a Jesuit engage is at Trois Rivieres this year
(I)-Nicolas Marsolet de Saint-Aignan (1587-1677) arrived Kebec having spent (1608-1677) as chief interpreter at Tadoussac, (Quebec). He would spend 1635 to 1677 in Kebec and 2nd married 1636 Marie Lebarbier, b-1620, epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec Denis Lemagire. No mention is made of his first wife in Tadoussac or his Metis children. He did however frequently visit them looking after their welfare.
(I)-Andre de Malapart (Malapart) is in Trois Rivieres this year and is made commandant in 1639.
The mission Trois Rivieres de la Province de Kebec is established this year.
(I)-Andre Malapert is at Trois Rivieres this year. He was still here in 1649.
Birth (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1690) son (I)-Nicolas Pelletier and (I)-Jeanne Du Roussy (1614/1622-1689); married April 1660 Tadoussac, (Quebec) Dorthee sauvagesse (1613-1661), Dorthee died L’Hopital de Quebec.
(I)-St. Jean arrived Kebec in 1635 or earlier.
The Huron People noticed that, with the arrival of the Jesuits, an unknown epidemic struck the villages.
Some Jesuits would prefer that New France remain lightly populated with Frenchmen, as they would be easier to control than a multitude. Immigration will decrease the peace, happiness and good feelings, but France needs an outlet for the multitude of workmen who lack employment. It is noteworthy that France has established a three level class system in New France:
The lowest paid people (engages) are the soldiers, ploughmen, diggers and pit men.
The middle class are tradesmen, masons, carpenters, nail smiths, ironmongers, wet coopers and bakers.
The highest paid are sailors, gunners and masters.
The New France engages are normally indentured for 3-5 years, then offered an opportunity to become colonists or return to France. Most would choose to return to France. After six years of service, one could aspire to become a master and thereby hold shop and train apprentices. The future reality, however, is that the system is designed so that 90% of the people remained as commoners, while only 10% can aspire to middleclass and none to nobility. 80% of New France will be farmers while 20% will be administrators, merchants, religious, soldiers, craftsmen and travelers. This system would encourage young men to become coureur de boise.
The Jesuit have six residences in New France, compared to three French settlements. The residences are; Sainte Anne at Capr Breton; Saint Charles at Miskou; Nostre Dame de Recouvrance near Fort Kebec, Nostre Dame des Anges, a half league from Kebec; Conception at Trois Rivieres; Saint Joseph Ihonatria in Huron Country. All residences are maintained by the Gentlemen of the Company of New France.
(I)-Marc Antoine Brasdefer de Chateaufort (Chasteau-fort) assumed command of Kebec on December 25, 1635 until June 11, 1636, but the effective leadership of New France passed to the Religious Order; in particular- the Jesuit. Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), of France ensured their religious control. One of their first steps was to prevent the French traders from living on Wendat (Huron) lands. Their intent was to control the trade by becoming middlemen as translators. Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), Governor (1672-82 & 1689-98), the Huguenot, would later denounce the Jesuit for not making the Natives adopt the dress and manners of the French, for keeping them isolated and for teaching them in their own language. He and others suggested that the Church’s motivation is economic control of the fur trade rather than spiritual control.
The Commandant at Trois Rivieres, (Quebec) is Marc-Antoine de Bras de Fer, Sieur de Chasteaufort, a Lieutenant who was made acting Governor of New France. The Jesuit had their doubts about the new acting Governor and requested his replacement. New France is controlled by Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), so his removal is inevitable.
A colony is established at Fort Amsterdam on Manhttes Island, (Manhattan Island), New Holland officially dated to1625. Actually Peter Minuit created a deed with the Manahatta Indians in 1626 thus ensuring legal possession of Manhattan. Others date the colony to 1609 when the Dutch ship captained by Henry Hudson landed New York Bay.
At Kebec 7 men harvested 8 puncheons wheat, 2 puncheons peas, 3 puncheons Indian corn, while also making hay, and other work.
(I)-Isaac de Razilly (1587-1636) (some suggest he died 1635) sent a vessel to Penobscot, (Maine) under command of (I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) to take the English trading house and to fortify this location. The settlers were told to remove themselves to below 40 degrees which is the end of French territory. The English hired Mr Girling for a payment of 200 £ to attack and take Fort Penobscot, (Acadia, New France) with his 25 man crew. He expended all his powder and failed to dislodge the 18 French defending their position so he withdrew.
The French abandoned their Fort La Have and moved the inhabitants to Port Royal, Acadia. This effectively changed the Capital of Acadia from La Have to Port Royal. Those settlers who had married Micmac women remained at La Have, Acadia.
(I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny, d-1651, Governor of Canada (1635-1648) ordered the building of the Jesuit College, Kebec
January: Kebec (I)-Pierre Delaunay, b-1616 is in Kebec as agent of the Hundred Associates, he married 1645, Kebec, (II)-Francoise Pinguet, d-1661. He was killed by the Iroquois in November 28, 1654. The savages had complained he was charging exorbitant prices.
January 6: Kebec, a savage girl b-1625 is baptised and is living with a French family.
January 15: (II)-Charles de La Tour (1593-1666) is granted land at the mouth of the St. John River, (Acadia, New Brunswick), where he built a trading post called Fort La Tour.
January 16: Kebec, birth (II)-Guillaume Couillard, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684);
February 18: Trois Riviers baptism Anne 8iperig8e 8a8akhi b-1600 a savagesse of Tadoussac, god father is Mr. de la Violette Governor Trois Riviers
January 27: The Algonquian arrived Trois Rivieres (Quebec) to show the French how to ice fish, thereby avoiding starvation, a secret not known to the Montagnas.
February 2: Kebec, a little savage girl who was sent to France for education is returned with smallpox, is baptised and died.
February 6: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Jean Guiot Le Negrier of Normandie.
March 6: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Pierre Drouet, a carpenter.
March 29: (I)-Francois Petit Pre a Jesuit engage is with the Huron Nation having escaped from the Hiroquois last year.
April 7: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Michel sonet.
April 10: (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, born April 10, 1635, Kebec, died April 25, 1699, Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’ecossais, (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis b-1611?); married January 21, 1648, Jean Cloutier..
April 22: William Alexander, now Earl of Stieling, was given a new land grant in Canada by King Charles I.
May 25: A canoe arrived Kebec to say a French ship was at Tadoussac (Island of Bic) and 5-6 more are on their way. They are determined to attack all those found in the river without commission.
June: Kebec was in panic, all month, as all the men were away trading when they expected a Hiroquois (Iroquois) attack at any moment.
July: Kebec, chevalier de la Roche Jacquelin led 4 ships, one captained by Bontemps, Pierre de Nesle and Castillon.
July 4: A shallop arrived Kebec advising 8 ships arrived, 6 for Tadoussac, 2 for Miscou and 1 for Cape Breton.
July 12: The ship Saint Jacques cast anchor before Kebec.
July 18: Quebec, birth, (II)-Robert Langlois, Algonquin Metis, died June 19, 1654, Kabec, son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), Algonquin Metis, born Hochelaga (Montreal) area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec.
July 22: The French held an assembly at Kebec using interpreters between the French and Huron. The French were ceremonious, greatly offending the Savages, by demanding that the alliance is only possible if the Huron abandon their religion and culture and adopt the French beliefs and worship. The promised to marry the the Savages when they become Christians. This was a change from the Champlain agreement. They promised great trading advantages and would teach the People to make metal goods like hatchets and knives. The People learned that the French will promise anything to achieve their ends and don’t intend to deliver on their promises. The conclusion of the assembly did not end with an agreement as the Huron had no intention of honoring the demands. The Jesuit said their objective is to make the Savages sedentary and docile to French direction.
August 1: Trois Riviers, Father Buteux is at Trois Rivieres with some Montaignais savages hoping to make them sedentary and plant corn.
August 17: This season’s ships brought more Jesuits: Father Pierre Pijart (1608-1676), Father Claude Quentin (1597-1676), Father Le Mercier (1604-1690) and Father Jean de Quen (1603-1659), as well as lay brothers Pierre Le Tellier and Pierre Featue. It is reported that Turkish ships are pirating ships bound for the New World. The Jesuit record the waves of the sea, with hundreds of encounters with Turks, icebergs, reefs, and horrible storms mark our crossing upon leaving the English Channel, the Turks pursued us for 24 hours.
August 28: Fifteen Jesuit reside in New France and four brothers.
September 9: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, married Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis who died from a fall September 11, 1654: 2nd marriage August 21, 1655, Quebec, Anne Gasnier b-1614, died June 27, 1698, Quebec, veuve Jean Clement DuVault, seigneur de Monceaux, chevalier de St. Louis.
October 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Louis Cote, Metis, d-1699 son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married November 6, 1662, Quebec. Elizabeth Langlois.
November 17: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 to (II)-Anne Martin, Metis died December 4, 1684, Kebec, daughter (I)-Abraham Martin (1589-1664) and savage and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611, see 1624.
November 20: Kebec, marriage (I)-Martin Grovel to (II)-Marguerite Auber daughter (I)-Francois Auber (leader of a boat) and Anne Fauconner, died November 30, 1676, L’Ange Gardien, eglise: Marguerite epouse September 26, 1661, Quebec, Michel Filion. It’s interesting she is not on the 1635 list women in Kebec? Possible Metis not living Kebec?? see 1619 Felix Aubert?
December: Kebec, The savages inquired why thy Great King does not forbid them (Frenchmen) from bringing over these drinks that kill us. The Jesuit answered that the (civilized) Frenchmen needed them upon the sea and in the intense cold of this country.
December 9: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Jean Nicolet of Belleborne (1598-1642) is at Trois Riviers this date.
December 22: Monsieur de Malapart is at Trois Riviers involved in a baptism.
December 25: Kebec, death (I)-Samuel Champlain, b-1567, died December 25, 1635, Kebec son Antoine Champlain and Marguerite: married to Helene Boulle, died December 20, 1654
December 25: Stricken with a paralytic stroke, (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), Lieutenant of Fort Kebec, died on Christmas day, one hundred years after the discovery of Hochelaga. He left no known relatives. Some historians believe he suffered from senility, as he dictated a will leaving his possessions to the Virgin Mary. Dates of his death vary from 1635 to 1637. Some believe his grave is in Mountain Hill cemetery which adjoins the Chapel of Notre Dame de la Recouvrance. It is noteworthy that Champlain had crossed the ocean more than 20 times to support his colony in New France.
December 25: New France is effectively controlled by the Jesuits under the direct control of Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessie duc de Richelieu (1585-1642). The Jesuits were given a monopoly over New France. (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) Superior of the Jesuits in New France is also authorized to be Governor of New France in case of extraordinary events. He likely appointed (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort Commandant of Trois Rivieres as acting Governor. In fact the Jesuit had drawn up secret papers assigning him Governorship in the event of Champlain’s death.
(I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort assumed command at Kebec after the death of Champlain. He was General in command at Trois Rivieres.
December 27: Monsieur Maupertus is at Trois Rivieres involved in a baptism.
December 29: A notice is posted on the pillar in front of the Kebec Church listing prohibitions, with certain penalties against blasphemy, drunkenness, failing to attend mass and divine services on holidays.
1636
One marriage, six births and seventeen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. It is noteworthy that Arnault’s marriage is not acknowledged.
(II)-Jeanne Crevier Metis b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married July 9, 1652 Quebec (II)-Pierre Boucher, Metis (1622-1717) Governor Trois Riviers son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicole Lemaine (Lemoine)
(I)-Jean Rousseau de Paris, d-1743, killed by a discharge of a gun, arrived Kebec 1636 then relocated to Trois Rivieres.
Most likely Trois Riveries, birth (II)-Peter Esprit Radisson et Chonards, Metis, (1636-1710) son (I)-Sebastien Hayet de St Malo dit Radisson and unknown Metis or savage mother. Some suggest he was born 1640 but (II)-Peter himself claims 1636 as his birth year. He is known as a half brother to (II)-Marguerite Radisson, b-1632 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet de St Malo dit Radisson and Madeleine Herault. (II)-Peter claims his ‘natural parents’ are alive and well in Trois Rieieres in 1654, as are his brother and his brothers wife and children. (see Radisson 1631)
Six women and some children relocated from Tadoussac to Kebec this year. These likely include Metis or Savages with Metis children.
The Jesuits has caused much hostile criticism in France of their involvement in the peltries (Fur Trade).
The Jesuits said the barbarians prefer Trois Rivieres to trade than Kebec.
The Jesuit’s say the barbarians at Trois Rivieres do not usually harm women or children. Indeed, many a young man will not hesitate to marry a prisoner and she obtains full tribal status.
(I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) aka “The Little King of Tadoussac” has been in Canada since 1608 spending most of his time at Tadoussac married for the fourth time to Marie La Barbide, b-1619 epouse May 8, 1681, Kebec, Denis Lemaitre. His first three wives were at Tadoussac and likely relocated to Kebec. Marsolet was not subordinate to Champlain and it is presumed he still reported directly to France.
The Jesuits receive a few little native girls at Trois Riviers to educate in the French manner, who they expect to become wives of Frenchmen. These girls are sent to France for an education, usually adoption by a French family and returned to New France for marriage to a Frenchman. One unnamed Iroquois girl who was sent this year to Paris, France returned only to die of smallpox in 1640 in Quebec, she had acquired the French names of Anne Therese but her last name was not recorded..
(I)-Francois de re de Gand is given a small savage girl who he housed with Sieur Hebout’s. She is likely destined to be his wife?
Two or three little savage girls from Kebec are sent to France in care of the Hospital nuns for education and marriage to Frenchmen in New France.
One young savage girl could easily pass for a well-born French girl but her father will not allow her being sent to France for education.
An Algonkin woman is sent to France for education and to return to become a wife to a Frenchman. These women/girls are often taken in by French families and assume the family name. The Savages prefer Trois Rivieres over Kabec and another savage girl is given to the Jesuits who name her Marie. It would appear that 20-30 little girls are available for education in the manner of the French.
(I)-Martin Appendestiguy de Martiigon, France married (III)-Jeanne de Saint-Etienne La Tour, Metis daughter (II)-Charles de Saint-Etienne La Tour (1595-1665).
(II)-Marie Archambault, (Metis?), baptised, 1636, daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married September 28, 1648, Quebec Urbain Tessier. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
(I)-Antoine Arnault, a carpenter married 1636, Kebec Madeleine savage.
(I)-Francois Belanger (1612-1685), arrived Kebec, 1636, married July 12, 1637, Kebec (II)-Marie Madeleine du Buisson Guyon (1623-1696) daughter (I)-Jean Guyon, (1592-1663) and Mathurine Robin, d-1662
Monsieur de Castillon is at Trois Rivieres this year.
Monsieur de Courpon is at Trois Rivieres this year.
(I)-Nicolas Courson, surgeon, is at Trois Rivieres
(I)-Guillaume Du Plessis, died November 11, 1651 arrived Trois Rivieres as Governor.
Monsieur (I)-Francois de Gand is at Trois Rivieres this year.
Sieur (I)-Guillaume Hubou (Hebout), d-1653 who married the widow Marie Rollet d-1649 of Monsieur Hebert takes in a savage girl for education and marriage to a Frenchman at Trois Rivieres.
(I)-Jacques Le Neuf de la Poterie, b-1606 arrived Kebec 1636 with (II)-Pierre Le Gardeur De Repentigny, d-1675, (married Marie Favery d-1675 l’eglis of Quebec) whose sister (II)-Marguerite L Gardeur, b-1608 was his wife; He was made Governor in 1665. Governor (1645-1648), (1650-1651), (1652-1653) and (1658-1662). This family is confusing it appears he and his brother were here in 1634 and Marguerite was here in 1635? If this be true then (II)-Marguerite L Gardeur, b-1608 is actually Margaret Favery l’eglise of Quebec. Le Neuf has a son born 1640 Trois Rivieres, a daughter born 1640 no location recorded and a daughter b-1632 no location given. I highly suspect the Le Neuf brothers and Le Gardeur may be married to Metis or savagees?
Monsieur de Lisle (L’Isle) is at Trois Rivieres this year.
(I)-Nicolas Marsole(Marsollet) (1587-1677) the Little King of Tadoussac (1608-1635) upon hearing of the death of (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) departed Tadoussac for Quebec where he spent his remaining years. Some suggest he arrived Kebec 1635. This year he married 4th (I)-Marie Le Bardier (1620-1688), likely a savage or Metis. He had three savage girls previously by country style. He was a 50 year old man who married a 16 year old girl and they had 10 children. After his death Marie married 1680 Quebec, Denis Gabriel. It is noteworthy that there is no mention of his Montagnais Metis children fathered over the 27 years that he lived among them. He did however visit Tadoussac frequently over his life time. He went over to the English during the occupation.
(I)-Nicolas Peltier dit Marolles (1596-1679), (some suggest this marriage took place April 5, Kebec this year, his wife Jeanne de Voisy (Roussey) Indian/Metis (1612-1622-1689) and some suggest his sons (II)-Jean Peltier (1633-1692) (1) and (II)-Francois Peltier (1635-1688) (2) arrived Kabec this year. Some say he also married (2nd?) Madeleine Tegochix aka Tegoussi, Montagnaise, veuve d’auguste sauvage (*) and 3rd marriage June 3, 1677, Tadoussac, Francoise Ouechipichinokoue, Algonquin. It is highly likely Jeanne de Voisy (Roussey) (1612 or 1622-1689) is an Indian or Metis girl. (2) How can Francois arrive before he is born? (1) Also Tanguay positions Jean birth between 1646-1649? (*) this was the wife of Nicolas Jr. and no record of a third marriage, this appear unlikely if anything it was a first wife at Tadoussac.. (Doc Lussier suggests Jeanne Roussey is Micmac from Porty Royal)
(II)-Francois Peltier Metis (1635-1688) married Dorthee La Sauvagees who died April 13, 1661 Quebec; 2nd marriage September 26, 1661 Quebec Marguerite Mousseau.
(II)-Marie Peltier Metis born April 5, 1637 Kebec 1st married October 17, 1750 Quebec Nicolas Goupil; 2nd marriage August 30, 1655 Jean Denis
(II)-Louise Peltier Metis born May 10, 1640 Kebec, died November 9, 1713 Quebec, married November 17, 1653 Quebec Jean IIayot
(II)-Francoise Peltier Metis born April 13, 1642, Kebec, died July 17, 1707 Ste. Foye, 1st married August 17, 1654 Quebec Jean Beriau; 2nd marriage October 11, 1655 Quebec Sebasten Lienard
(II)-Jeanne Peltier Metis born March 19, 1644 married January 29, 1659 Quebec Noel Jeremie
(II)-Genevieve Peltier Metis born April 6, 1646 Kebec, died December 17, 1717 Quebec, 1st married November 5, 1663 Quebec Vincent Verdon; 2nd married Thomas Lefebcre.
(II)-Jean Piltier Metis died November 2, 1692 married August 21, 1662 Quebec Marie Genevieve Manevely de Rainville
(II)-Nicolas Piltier Jr. Metis born May 2, 1649 Sillery 1st married June 22, 1673 Madeleine Tegoussi; 2rd marriage Francoise Lamy.
Monsieur de la Poterie is recorded in Kebec this year.
(I)-Claude Poulin (1615-1687) arrived 1636 Kebec, married August 8, 1639, Kebec Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687).
(I)-Jean Rousseau who died 1643, killed by discharge of a gun, is at Trois Rivieres this year.
Issac Presseley arrived Acadia.
Monsieur de Repentigay is recorded in Kebec this year.
(II)-Jeanne Trahan likely daughter (I)-Guillaume Trahan, arrived Acadia and married Acadia (I)-Jacques Bourgeous who arrived Acadia 1641.
Sieur (I)-Oliver le Tardif (1601-1665) who married November 3, 1637 (II)-Louise Couillard d-1641 took in another savage girl for education and marriage to a Frenchman at Trois Rivieres.
Sieur de la Treille is at Trois Rivieres this year.
The mission (first Indian reservation) Sillery de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
De Lisle (L’Isle), a chevalier of the Knights of Malta is posted to Trois Rivieres (Quebec) 1636-1641.
The 7th Congregation of the Society of Jesus (Jesuit) forbids all kinds of commerce and business, under any pretext, whatever. The Canadian Jesuit argued that peltry is the coin of this country and the Jesuit continue to be involved in the trade. They are also becoming the largest land owner in the country.
Warfare, between the Savages, at this time, consists of small ambushes, one side against the other, in retaliation of some previous killing. It is true the Barbarians do not usually harm the women or children, except in sudden attacks. Many young men will not hesitate to marry a prisoner.
(I)-Guillaume Herbout (Hubou) who married 1629 (I)-Marie Rollet, the widow of (I)-Louis Herbert, the first resident of Kebec, houses a little Savage girl named Marie Oliver Sylvestre, b-1626 daughter Roch Manitouabewich and Huron wife. Oliver Letardif keep another. (This is the same girl that Tardif adopted from his good friend Roch and placed with the Hubou’s for education). These little Savage girls dress in the French fashion and will eventually marry November 3, 1644, Kebec, a Frenchman named (I)-Martin Prevest (1611-1691). Some Savage girls, are being sent to Old France for education and then returned. The French have not yet allied with the Tadoussac Savages by any marriage, (this however is not true). The Captain (savage) of Tadoussac said ” When your young men return from war after the massacre of our enemies, they will not have any trouble in obtaining our girls in marriage.” “As to children one does not see anything else but little savages in the houses of the French.” The Metis children would be considered as savage. “There are little boys there and little girls, what more do you want.” ” You are continually asking for our children, next you will be asking for our wives.: You continually ask for our children, and do not give yours.
Complaints were coming from Old France of how few baptisms were being performed in New France. The Jesuit are well aware that funding of their enterprise is dependent upon the good will of their patrons in Old France. As a result the Jesuit began to baptize, in secret, against the wishes of parents. Hereafter results would drive baptism rather than good judgment. This appears to be a fundamental turning point in the relationship of Europeans to the Native People.
Francois Oliver, a Savage is baptized at Kebec attended by Oliver, Clark, an interpreter and Madame Hebout. The Jesuit say baptism prevents death by sorceries.
Immigrants, of little means, to New France are expected to be indentured for five to six years. They should possess, in their own right, one-half of all land they clear after indenture is completed. Most, however, would return to France or become Coureurs des Bois before their terms had expired. One or two years of labor without wages should cover their board and tools.
Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) estimated that the Huron (Wendat) Nation numbered about 30,000 people in twenty towns. About 20,000 people would be killed over the next four years by disease and war.
The Island of Mont Real is still being used as a temporary camp and the Savages called the place ‘The Island Where There Was a Village’. The Savages like Trois Rivieres better than Kebec, they stop there oftener, and in greater numbers.
Governor (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), a.k.a Onontio, Governor New France from June 11, 1636 to August 20, 1648, went out of his way to pacify the Jesuits, fully understanding they controlled the position. (I)-Marc-Antoine Brasdefer, Sieur de Chasteaufort, becomes Governor Trois Rivieres, (Quebec). Influenza hit the colony and the Indians, this and next year. Father (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664), a Jesuit, wrote that there are mines of iron, copper and other metals discovered that will soon be worked. The Jesuit Father (I)-Pierre Chastellaine (1606-1684), Father (I)-Charles Garnier (1605-1649), Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646), Father (I)-Nicolas Adam (1588-1659), Father (I)-Paul Ragueneau, Father (I)-George Alexander d’Eudemare and brothers (I)-Ambroise Cauvet and (I)-Louis Gaubert arrived in New France. Monsieur (I)-Pierre Le Gardeur de Repentigny from Thury Normandy, arrived with his wife and four children as well as his brother and sister. He is a lieutenant of the Governor of New France. Monsieur (I)-Jacques Le Neuf de la Poterie b-1606 from Caen in Normandy, came with his wife (II)-Marguerite La Gardeur aka Favery l’eglise) b-1608 who was in Kebec in 1635? and daughter Marie b-1632, his brother (I)-Michel and two sisters and their families. (I)-Michel Le Neuf du Herisson is the head of the family. This appears to be speculation rather than fact.
The Governor of New France ordered that the Chateau Saint Louis at Kebec be rebuilt in brick and stone. (I)-Jean Bourdon (1601-1668), an engineer, is to draw up plans for the town.
Peltry is the coin of New France, and a 25% markup exists between Fort Kebec and France to cover the risk they run upon the sea, especially from pirates..
The Colony of Ville-Marie (Montreal) aka Hochelaga was a religious enterprise conceived in 1636 by Jerome Le Royer de la Dauversiere, Receiver of Taxes at la Fleche, in Anjou; and Father Jean Jacques Olier de Vemeuil, a young Sulpician priest of Paris.
Every year more come to cast themselves into the forests as if into the bosom of peace, to live here with more piety, more immunity and more liberty. The are leaving the exactions, deceits, thefts, rapes, assassinations, treachery, enmity, black malice that only visits Kebec once a year in the letters and gazettes which people bring from the Old France. The families of Monsieur de Repentigny, and Monsieur de la Poterie have recently joined the colony and word is that more settlers have arrived at Tadiussac, (Quebec). Kebec however has no room for those who cannot work.
The following questions were raised in Old France:
* Concern was express, because of the recent incursion of England into New France, if the Spanish were in a position to make incursions into New France?
* Is enough land cleared, ploughed and will it support the inhabitants. Sieur Giffard has been clearing land for two years and hopes to raise enough wheat to feed 20 people.
* How much can be cleared and at what cost. Twenty men can clear 30 arpents of land. The usual task is 1 1/2 arpents per man. The cost per man is 2 loves bread or 6-7 lbs, a week, a puncheon of wheat a year, 2 lbs lard, 2 oz butter, a little measure oil and of vinegar, a little dried codfish, that is, about a pound, a bowlful peas, a chopine (pint) all this for one week. A chopine of cider per day, or a quart of beer and occasionally a drink of wine, in the winter they are given a drop of brandy in the morning. The men also augment this by hunting and fishing.
* What is required. We have oxen and cows but horses would be helpful but no hurry to bring them over. We have cod fish at out door but eat cod from France because we have no men to fish. Porpoises and white whales swim in front of Fort Kebec but we lack men to capture them.
The Basques are still harvesting whales at Tadoussac, (Quebec) and further up stream.
A vessel arrived La Heve with an additional 78 passangers including (I)-Jeanne Motin, who immediately married (I)-Charles d’Aulnay who succeded (I)-Issac de Razilly.
The French ship Saint Jehan landed LaHave, Acadia with the first French women for that settlement. Eighty five men and 11 women arrived that date. It is noteworthy that (II)-Charles La Tour (1594-1666) arrived Port Royal, Acadia in 1630 with his wife Louise Indian. Some contend the first Acadian child is born, Mathieu Martin ((1636-1724), he died, unmarried. This is highly unlikely given the French were in Acadia in the early 1500′s.
After 40 years scarcely a family is added to Acadia. (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Charnisay (1604-1650) took possession of Port Royal and erected a new fort and brought his people from La Heve, Acadia. (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) held his fort at the mouth of the St. John River (Acadia) and his father (I)-Claude La Tour (1570-1736+) held Fort La Tour (Acadia)
The third Kebec fort was constructed in 1636 by Governor Charles Huault de Montmagny, who covered the second fort’s earthen ramparts with stonework. Construction lasted 24 years, finishing in 1660.
At this time in New France we see trees bearing apples, pear, plum, cherry and other wild fruit. Vines are loaded with grapes which is being turned into wine. Oxen, cows and asses are evident but no horses can be found.
The Jesuits are absolutely forbid all kinds of commerce and business, under any pretext whatever.
January: Kebec, (I)-Robert Giffard de Moncel (1587-1668), with 7 men has been clearing the land for 2 years now. The usual task is an arpent and a half per year per man.
January 1: Kebec (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort issued his first edict as Governor New France: Forbidding blasphemy, drunkenness and absence from church service. This was likely a condition of him being appointed as Governor.
January 6: Kebec, (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort condemned a drunkard and blasphemer to the pillory.
January 7: Sieur de Chesne, a surgeon is at Trois Rivieres.
January 7: (I)-Jean Nicolet of Belleborne (1598-1642) is at Trois Riviers this date.
January 7: Sieur de Launay is at Trois Rivieres this date.
January 22: Kebec, A frenchman was fined 50 livres for making a savage drunk.
January 25: It was not uncommon for the French to surname baptized Savages with a French name, thereby losing their cultural identity. A Savage was so named today as Paul Le Cadet (1619-1636).
January 15: Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny de St. Jean de Jerusalem, soldier (1583-1653), governor (1636-48), Knight of Malta, is appointed the first Governor of New France before the death of Champlain was known in France.
January 15: Jacques Castillon was granted the Isle d’Orleans (Quebec). He did not develop it and it was given to the Jesuits in 1662.
January 15: Antoine Cheffault is granted the seigniory of Cote de Beaupre.
February 18: Kebec Sieur (I)-Oliver le Tardif (1601-1665) the interpreter and Madame Hebout agreed to be god parents to a savage baptism who was named Francois Oliver.
March 10: France, (I)-Charles Hualt de Montmaguy is officially appointed Governor New France. Others as early as January 15, 1636 knew of his pending appointment.
March 17: A young un-named Frenchman, who can read and write, wintered with the savages, his brother is at Trois Rivieres this year. He sent a letter on a piece of bark to Trois Rieieres to inform the Jesuits a little boy was sick and dying, so he baptized him.
April 1: The St. Jehan arrives in Port-Royal, Acadia with French settlers, that includes both men and women.
April 1: When this document was discovered in the Paris, France Archives this was the first known passenger list to be found [and perhaps the only list] of the French who had sailed from LaRochelle, France to Acadia. No other lists has been found. Not all on the list remained in Acadia. It is believed some may have returned to France. Whatever the case may be, their names do not show up in later enumerations of Acadia so they did not become permanent residents of Acadie.
Nicollas LeCreux (Dubreuil), with Anne Motin (de Reux), his wife
Claude Motin, her brother,
Jehan Motin, also her brother,
Jehanne Motin, her sister,
Jacqueline de Glaisnée, their cousin
Jehanne Billard with their group
The following names are those of laborers who traveled with said Le Creux.
Firstly:
Jehan Chalumeau, laborer and his and wife
George Migot, from Dijon, laborer
Jehan Hyechtier, from Dijon, laborer
Simon Merllin, from Dijon, laborer
Jehan Pericaud from Dijon, log splitter
Jehan Guiot from Dijon, Laborer
Nicollas Bayolle, from Dijon
Isaac Pesselin from Champage
Hilaire Bicau from Champagne
Jehan Donno, native of Angers, master mill carpenter usually living in Paris
Roch Roche, also a carpenter, from Paris
Martin Le Doux, also a carpenter, from Paris
List of Anjou peasants who sailed on the Saint-Jehan to work in New France.
Firstly:
Tibault Destouches, with his wife and three children, laborer from the parish of Bourgueilavec near Chinon
Pierre Martin, laborer with his wife and one child, from Bourgueil
Jehan Mangoneau, laborer with his wife and one child also from Bourgueil
Pierre Choiseau, laborer with his wife and two children, also from Bourgueil
Widow Perigault with Michel and Julien Perigault, her children, also from Bourgueil, laborers
Hadrien Benoiston, laborer, also from Bourgueil
[Omitted], laborer, also from Bourgueil
Julien Aury, laborer, also from Bourgueil
Pierre Le Moine, laborer, also from Bourgueil
Nouel Tranchant, laborer, also from Bourgueil
Guillaume Trahan, officer of the cavalry, with his wife and two children and a servant, also from Bourgueil
Louis Deniau, from the city of Chinon, a cooper
Philippe Rat, from the city of Chinon, tailor
Daniel Chichereau, from the city of Chinon, tailor
Jehan Danjon, from the city of Chinon, laborer
Michel Callant, from the city of Chinon, laborer
Jehan Vache, from the city of Chinon, cobbler
Louis Blanchard, from La Rochelle, wine maker
Pierre Paquis, master gunsmith and locksmith
Aimé Diot, laborer from Paris
André Braconneau, laborer from Paris
François Guion, from La Rochelle, master baker
Gilles Tionne, master gardener from Paris
List of carpenters who went to build ships and boats in New France.
Firstly:
Jouannis Daprandestiguy, Basque, master
Jehan Debourgonare, also a Basque carpenter
Jouanis Dahausquin, also a Basque carpenter
Jehan De La Faye, also a Basque carpenter
Bernard Bugare, also a Basque carpenter
Jouanis Lavare, also a Basque carpenter
Bernard Tegarnous, also a Basque carpenter
Jouanis Destiquau, also a Basque carpenter
Abraham Dostique, also a Basque carpenter
Saint-Martin dit Gascon, to be a sailor
François Leteller dit Labrande, from La Tremblade, also a sailor
René Arquange, from La Rochelle, also a sailor.
List of salt workers who went to work in the marshlands in New France.
Firstly:
Jehan Sandre, with his wife, master salt worker or seller
Pierre Gabory, also a salt worker, from La Rochelle
Jehan Pronost, also a salt worker, from the islands
François Baudry, also a salt worker
Pierre Prault, also a salt worker
List of sailors who were part of the crew of the Saint-Jehan
Firstly:
Pierre Sauvic, master of said ship, from d’Auray river
Martin Lebagous, sailor, from d’Auray river
Jehan Margar, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Jacques De Lamer, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Marc De La Mer, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Jehan Piluesrie, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Guillaume Bellego, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Etienne Le Rouzic, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Allen Malloin, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Domingo Basque, from Bayonne, also a sailor
Jouanis Basque, also a sailor, from Bayonne
Bertholome Demairon, also a sailor, from Bayonne
Jehan Roou, carpenter from St-Malo
Pierre Moysieau, master gunner from La Rochelle
Jehan Guiot, master valler from d’Auray river
Bonaventure Guibermin, “garçon” from Morbien
Henry Quinper, “garçon” from Brittany
Petiolle Périn,”garçon” from d’Auray river
(signature) N. Denys
Nicolas Denys
April 17: Trois Riviers baptism Mary a savagesse of Tadoussac born 1622/1623, god father is Mr. de la Violette Governor Trois Riviers. It is noteworthy that Mr. de la Violette Governor Trois Riviers was reported to have departed this date for France. This hardly seems likely?.
April 24: Kebec, (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy de Linclot (1608-1681) is a god parent to Madaelaine Savage. This is likely (II)-Madeline Hayet dit Radisson, b-1632 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Radisson and Madeleine Heraut. She is found living at the home of (I)-Jean in November 25, 1646, likely as a servant girl.
May 21: (I)- Francois Derre de Gand on route to Trois Rivieres gave the name Joseph (Miskouaseroutin) savage to a boy age 15
June: Kebec, the Norman family of (I)-Rene Le Gardeur, sieur de Tilly, married to Catherine de Corde, d-1657 arrived with two sons and a daughter, arrived in the same ship as (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), Governor New France
(II)-Pierre La Gardeur, b-France, d-1648, married Marie Favery, d-1675
(II)-Charles Le Gardeur, b-1611, France, died November 10, 1695 Quebec, married October 1, 1648 Kebec, (II)-Genevieve Juchereau Le Gardeur, b- France, d-1687
(II)-Marguerite Le Gardeur, aka Favery l’eglise, b-1608, married 1639 (I)-Jacques Le Neuf de la Poterie b-1606 (II)-Pierre Le Gardeur arrived with his wife Marie Favery d-1675 l’eblise (sister of (II)-Marguerite Le Gardeur, aka Favery l’eglise, b-1608,) of two daughters and one son:
(III)-Marie Madeleine Le Gardeur, married October 3, 1646, Kebec, (I)-Jean Paul Godefroy (Godfroy
(III)-Catherine Le Gardeur, married September 16, 1652, Quebec, Charles Daillebout
(III)-Jean Baptiste Le Gardeur, b-1632, married July 11, 1656, Quebec, Marguerite Nicolet
(III)-Charles Le Gardeur born March 17, 1637 Kebec married January 18, 1663 Marie MaCard; 2nd marriage December 22, 1669, Jeanne De Matras
(III)-Ignace Le Gardeur born January 29, 1639,Kebec, died June 5, 1644, Kebec
(III)-Ognace Le Gardeur b-1648
(III)-Godfroy Marie Charles b-1652.
June: Kebec, the Norman family of (I)-Mathieu Michel Le Neuf, (Leneuf) de Herisson (1601-1642), married to Jeanne Le Marchand, arrived with two sons and two daughters, arrived in the same ship as (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), Governor New France: Michel and brother Jacques appear to be in Kebec in 1634.
(II)-Marie Le Neuf, married December 15, 1636, Caen, (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy (Godfroy (1608-1681)
(II)-Michel Le Neuf,
(II)-Jacques Le Neuf, married Marguerite De Repentigny
(II)-Anne Le Nuf, married Antoine Desrosiers and settled Trois Rivieres
June 3: Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1636) is killed by the Mohawks at Ossernenon near Auries, New York.
June 11: A resident of Fort Kebec is pilloried in the market place for the crime of blasphemy. Pilloried = punish by placing in a wooden frame; and subject to criticism and ridicule
June 11: Kebec, Three ships arrived led by Duplessis Bochart, captain Savinien Courpon de la Tour and the ship Saint Joseph.
June 11: Kebec, (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), Governor New France, served in this position until August 19, 1648. He took over from (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, (Gras-De-Fer) sieur de Chasteaufort who had assumed command upon Champlain’s death, last year. He returned to Trois Rieieres to resume as Commandant of that location (1636-1639). Monsieur de la Poterie and 45 colonists arrived the same ship as (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), Governor New France,.
June 11: (I)-Pierre Chastellain, a Jesuit and (I)-Charles Garnieu, d-1649, Jesuit arrived Kebec.
June 11: (I)-Philippe Amyot aka Amiot, d-1639, arrived Kabec June 11, 1636, married 1626 France Anne Convent (1603-1675), epouse September 26, 1639, Kebec, Jacques Maheu, Two children were born France Jean b-1627 and Mathew b-1628. However Jean is not listed Tanguay and (II)-Jean Amyot (Amiot), also Gencien aka Antaiok, b-1627, an orphan, is sent by the Jesuits to live among the Huron at a young age. This appears strange unless he was adopted?
June 12: Kebec, (I)-Nicolas Adam, Jesuit arrived Kebec and 4 days later suffered a stroke causing paralysis of his hands and feet.
June 15: Kebec, arrival of (I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny, d-1651, the second French Governor of Canada (1635-1648). He was appointed Governor in 1635 before the death of Sieur de Champlain (1570-1635) was known in France.
June 16: Kebec, (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy (Godfroy (1608-1681) attended the baptism and named the savage, b-1635 as Jean Paul.
June 16: (I)-Robert Hache lives with the Jesuits in Trois Rivieres.
June 24: Kebec, the Jesuit record the first celebration of Saint Jean Baptiste Day. It originated about 1 AD in Gaul to celebrate Summer Solstice. Christianity combined the Summer Solstice celebration of June 21 with celebration of John the Baptiste and changed the day to June 24. This French celebration would eventually lose its Christian content and revert to its pagan source.
June 26: Monsieur Chevalier de I’Isle became godfather of Marie Savage.
July 7: Trois Rivieres, Sieur de la Treille as godfather named Marie Savage.
July 8: Trois Rivieres, Monsieur de Repentigny as godfather named Joseph Savage.
July 8: Kebec, Monsieur de Courpon, monsieur Gand, and Monsieur de Castillon are at Kebec.
July 21: (I)-Pierre Chastellain, a Jesuit and (I)-Charles Garnieu, d-1649, Jesuit arrived Trois Rivieres.
July 27: Quebec, contract of marriage, (II)-Anne Cloutier, (1625-1648), daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier (1590-1677) and (I)-Xainte Dupont; at age 10 years entered into a 1st. marriage to (I)-Robert Drouin, (1606-1685) son Robert Drouin and Marie Dubois. The contract states the marriage not to be consummated until Anne age 13. Drouin 2nd marriage November 29, 1649, Quebec, Marie Chapelier, b-1621, veuve de Pierre Petit.
June 28: Monsieur Charles du Plessis Bochart, commandant of the fleet, arrived Kebec. About 100 settlers arrived in this fleet including Father Ragueneau and Brother Louis Gobert.
August: Kebec, Sieur Hebout (Hubou) has taken into his home some savage girls to be brought up Christian and then married to Frenchmen.
August: Kebec, Sieur Oliver Le Tardif has taken into his home one savage girl to be brought up Christian and then married to Frenchmen.
August: Kebec, two or three savage girls are sent to France to be educated and returned to marry Frenchmen.
August: Kebec, Monsieur Grand gave a savage boy to Monsieur de Noyers
August 9: Five ships of the Gentlemen of the Company arrived Kabec.
August 14: Three Rivers: The French are given a young Savage slave girl captured in a Hiroquois war in compensation for three Frenchmen killed. The Slave girl said she is now of their nation, if she is commanded to marry, she would obey, but that no one, except he to whom she has been given, should approach her. She and a number of other girls are sent to France for education and eventual marriage to Frenchmen.
August 16: Kebec, (I)-Guillaume Isabel is granted 24 arpents of land by (I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny, (Montmaguy), d-1651, the Governor.
August 18: (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy (Godfroy (1608-1681), young man beat one of the visiting Huron in a race at Trois Rivieres.
August 19: Quebec, birth, (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis, died August 15, 1687, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, and Francoise Grenier (Garnier), Algonquin Metis, born Hochelaga (Montreal) area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec; Married August 10, 1660 Kebec Francois Miville.
August 26: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Amyot, died December 10, 1669, Kebec, son (I)-Philippe Amyot, and Anne Convent epouse September 26, 1639, Kebec Jacques Maheu; married May 2, 1660, Genevieve De Chavigny.
August 28: Kebec, at present there are 26 Jesuits in New France, 20 priests and 6 lay brothers:
Saint Joseph in the Huron country.
Jean Brebeuf
Francois Mercier
Pierre Pijart
Chastelain
Charles Garnier
Isaac Jogues
Residence of the Conception at Trois Rivieres
Jacques Butex
Charles du Marche
Residence Nostre Dame de Recouvarance at Kebec
Jean de Quen
Paul le Jeune
Residence Nostre Dame Des Anges
Charles Lallemant
Nicolas Adam
Edmond Masse
Anne De Noune
Daniel
Ambroisedavost
Brothers, Gilbert Burel, Pierre le Telier, Jean Liegeois, Pierre Feaute, Ambrose Cauvet, & Louys Gobert
Residence Misku
Claude Quentin
Charles Turgis
Residence Ste Anne at Cap Breton
Daudemare
Andre Richard
August 29: Monsieur Commandant weighted anchor at Fort Kedec bound for France taking three little Savage girls with him. These savages would be adopted by French families, given French names, educated and returned as wives to the colonists.
September 4: The Huron arrived Trois Rivieres (Quebec) stating that Monsieur de Champlain had promised the French and Huron would be one people. They asked for some Jesuit and Frenchmen to come to the Huron country and we will give some Huron.
October 1: Kebec, birth (III)-Joseph Hebert son (II)-Guillaume Hebert d-1639 and Helene Desportes, b-1620, epouse January 9, 1640, Kebec, Noel Morin
November 3: Kebec, birth, (III)-Joseph Hebert, Metis son (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) and Helene Desportes (see 1602): married October 12, 1660, Quebec, DePoitiers.
November 12: Kebec, birth (III)-Ignace Sevestre, died June 24, 1661, Quebec son (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec.
November 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jamen Bourguignon, d-1660 to Claire Morin de N.-D. de Mortagne, au Perche, Normandie, France, epouse July 26, 1662 Quebec, (I)-Jean Martineau dit LaPile, died March 29, 1666, Quebec.
December: A Frenchman is fined 50 francs to be paid in peltries for supplying wine to the savages.
December 1: Trois Rivieres (Quebec) burns but the storehouse was saved, for they said we are lost if that burns. Trois Rivieres is like Anjou, France, it is a sandy country and the fishing is excellent.
December 15: Kebec,or Caen France? marriage (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, (1608-1681) to Marie Le Neuf (1612-1688) daughter (I)-Mathieu Michel Le Neuf (1601-1642) and Jeanne Le Marchand
December 15: Kebec, marriage (I)-Mathieu Michel Leneuf (1601-1642) to Jeanne Le Marchand
December 15: Kebec, date of contract to marriage of (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot (1608-1681) ** married (II)-Marie Le Neuf, (1612-1688) (I)-Mathieu Michel Le Neuf, sieur du Herisson (1601-1642) and Jeanne Le Marchand de Caen
ELEVEN CHILDREN ARE RECORDED
(II)-Michel Godfroy, born October 21, 1637, died May 18, 1709, Quebec, married September 2, 1664, Montreal, Perinne Picote
(II)-Louis Godfroy, born March 20, 1639, married March 1663 Marguerite Seigneuret
(II)-Jacques Godfroy, born March 6, 1641,
(II)-Anonyme Godfroy, bor/died April 25, 1643
(II)-Jeanne Godfroy, born April 11, 1644, died 1669, religious Ursuline
(II)-Joseph Godfroy, born July 20, 1645, married October 21, 1675, Trois Rivieres, Catherine Poulain
* November 25, 1646
(II)-Amator Godfroy, born July 18, 1649, died September 10, 1730, Trois Rivieres, 1st married July 18, 1649, Trois Rivieres, Marguerite Jutrat: 2nd marriage July 22, 1682, Trois Riviers, Francois LePele
(II)-Pierre Godfroy, born January 20, 1651
(II)-Marie Renee Godfroy, born October 19, 1652,died 1736, married May 16, 1677 Quebec, Pierre Boulanger
(II)-Pierre born Godfroy, September 30, 1655,
(II)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy, born April 1, 1658
* (II)-Madeline Hayet dit Radisson, b-1632 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Radisson and Madeleine Heraut. She is found living at the home of (I)-Jean Godfroy on November 25, 1646, likely as a servant girl. She had two half-sisters and one half-brother in New France. She likely resided with this family until her marriage of November 25, 1646. The dowry given her by Godfroy suggests she was a servant or daughter of a servant..
** Is the founder of Trois Rivieres, according to Grace Lee Nute in Ceasars of the Wilderness.
1637
Six marriages, eight births and eight deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(II)-Antoine Arnault, Metis, b-1637, Kebec, son (I)-Antoine Arnault and Madeleine Savage.
(I)-Simon Baron, a Jesuit donnes and self taught surgeon arrived Trois Rivieres.
(I)-Francois Boule established Sillery and married, likely a sauvagesse.
(I)-Chateauneuf? is commandant aux Trois Rivieres; Governor is (I)-Marc Antoine Brasdefer de Chateaufort (1636-1639)
(I)-Nicolas Deny resided in the La Heve region and focused on fishing, fur trade and lumbering.
(I)-Thomas Hayot married Kebec, this year, Jeanne Boucher, one child is recorded (II)-Genevieve Hayot born this year, died March 1, 1651, Quebec, married 1650, Quebec, Claude Dorval, some suggest he was married July 15, 1629, St. Jean, Normandy and arrived Kebec 1638.
(I)-David Kirke alias Kertks (1597-1654) the French Huguenot is awarded Newfoundland for his conquest of New France in 1629. He and his wife (I)-Sara d-1680′s settled there and they had 3 sons.
(I)-Louis Henri Piguet (1588-1670) arrived Kebec with his family before 1637:
His wife Louise Bouche and three children:
(II)-Francoise Piguet d-1661, 1st married November 7, 1645, Kebec Pierre Delaunay: 2nd married February 8, 1655, Quebec, Vincent Poieier.
(II)-Noel Piguet, (1630-1685) married October 15, 1652, Quebec Marie Madeleine Du Mont, b-1636
(II)-Pierre Piguet (1630-1704) married November 4, 1659 Quebec, Anne Lechevalier.
(I)-La Treille is at Trois Rivieres.
Kebec or Tadoussac, birth (II)-Marie Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688) epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married April 30, 1652 Mathieu D’Amours. This is likely the daughter of one of his 1st three wives?
(I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1671) arrived Kebec 1637 with 2nd wife Francois Marie Grimoult.
(I)-Jean Terriau, b-1601, France, arriced Avadia, 1637, married 1635 (I)-Perrine Bourg.
Sieur (I)-Jean Nicolet (Nicollet de Belleborne (1598-1742) is acting as the Huron interpreter in Kebec and Trois Rivieres (Quebec). At Trois Rivieres, the River St. Jean is named after (I)-Jean Nicolet, interpreter and clerk of the store at Trois Rivieres. The River Des Prairies is named after a man, Des Prairies, who lost his way. Trois Rivieres was previously called the Island that contained a village. Sieur Nicollet brings three children to Kebec for the newly created Jesuit Residential School. It is not know if any of these children are his own Metis children.
The Jesuit opened a Residential School in Kebec but one of the young Savages asked soon after his arrival to return to his own country. Two of the young Savages died shortly after arriving. Paul Tisko, the son of Ouanda Koca, a Captain died after a Frenchman had hit the boy and some believe this caused his death. The boy had complained of the blows he had received to the head. The Jesuit claimed he died from overeating which is an absurd claim. Robert Satouta, a grandson of Tsondechaou Anouan an Admiral of the Savages also died as a result of a blow from a Frenchman, according to witnesses. They say the Frenchman drew his sword and hit the boy. The Jesuit attributed his death to a change of air and especially his diet. The Jesuit fabricated these wild stories out of fear of retaliation if violence can be proven, the French colony could be completely ruined. The Algonquin had witnessed the incidents and were fully aware of the lying nature of the Jesuits. Before their death, both boys were purged and bled to no avail. The Jesuits and Frenchmen involved were not punished.
The Sillery Reserve is cleared and houses built to settle the savages like the French. It later would be classified as a total failure. More Frenchmen went native than savages went French.
One young Savage said the Jesuit tried to make him believe in the French God by threats and by force, and, he refused to be forced by fear. The more threat of fire and eternal torments sometimes repels them.
The Jesuit say these young men are barbarians, have the law of wild asses, they are born, live and die in liberty without restraint, they do not know what is meant by bridle and bit. The Jesuit desire to have them conquer one’s passion is considered a great joke, while given free rein to the senses is a lofty philosophy. The Jesuit desire to place the French yoke on this boys. If you attempt to employ harshness to the Huron Nation is to throw them into rebellion. The Jesuit concluded that the young Savages in their possession being 300 leagues from their homes helps in their control .
The younger Savages defer to the older, but the larger ones do not command the others in an imperious or dictatorial manner, like the French, but amiably and differentially, like country People, as if exhorting them, and testifying their love. They as so united that, if one offends the least among them, they consider themselves all equally offended.
The threat of withholding food is of no value, as the young Savages advised the Jesuit that if they wish to have success in hunting, they fast for a week, drinking or eating nothing.
The young Savages are not taught survival skills; two Savages became lost in the woods, one nearly killed his companion while cutting down a tree. The young Savages attempted to plant a field of corn but they failed.
The ships from France arrived late at Fort Kebec and food was scarce this year. It was clear that the French also lacked basic survival skills.
Only three Savages remain at the first Residential School at Kebec. One is called Teouatirhon, another Arieihoua and a third called Aiacidance, not long removed from the breast.
Teouatirhon (Taratouan), war captain and uncle of Teouatirhon of the Kebec Residential School arrived Trois Rivieres (Quebec). He had come to return his nephew to the country on the pretext that the Hiroquois (Iroquois)are believed to be massing to attack the French. Two of the young Savages of the Residential School threw themselves down from the bastion of the fort, in order to escape and return to their country. The French, under arms, arrested the War Captain to prevent the loss of their young Huron from the school. After much discussion the two Teouatirhon, uncle and nephew departed Trois Rivieres and they fell into a Hiroquois ambush of 500 warriors. The uncle is captured but the nephew escaped and returned to Trois Rivieres.
At the General Assembly of the Huron Nation, the Council openly debated the execution of the Jesuits for bringing disease to the minds and bodies of the People.
Father (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) says that superstition, savagery and sin reign and triumph in New France. He advocates invading the enemies’ own territory in order to attack him with his own weapons of idiom of the Montagnais, Algonquin and Wendat. He supports starting schools for the Savages and trying inducements to settle in one place so they can be controlled. The Jesuit at Sillery, (Quebec) introduced European penance to the Indians.
An Indian is publicly flogged as a punishment for listening to a pagan suitor. The People learn that the French are intolerant.
The Jesuit Father (I)-Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673) wished for more harsh treatment, such as the sword that served the Roman Church so well in the past. The sword, in a holy manner, gives authority to the Roman Church decrees to maintain justice and to curb those who trample under foot, the holiness of her mysteries. The Jesuits, Father (I)-Claude PiJart, (I)-Nicolas Gondoin, (I)-Jacque de la Place and (I)-Charles Raymbault, arrived at Fort Kabec.
The French attacked the Iroquois but lost the battle, and the Iroquois retaliated by waging war on the French and Huron.
Sillery, Kebec is established as the first Indian Reservation in Canada.
January 14: Kebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.
January 16: The Company of New France received a grant to establish a nunnery and Jesuit church and seminary at Kebec.
March 17: Father Superior (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) and Father (I)-Francois La Mercier (1604-1690) visit Iahenhouton to propose whether it would be acceptable to them that some of our Frenchmen should marry in their country as soon as possible. The People said the Frenchmen who had resolved to marry were free to take wives where it seemed good to them; that those who had married in the past had not demanded a General Council for that purpose, but they had taken them in whatever way they had desired. The Father replied to this that it was very true that the Frenchmen who had hitherto married in the country had not made such a stir about it, but also that their intentions were far removed from ours, that their purpose had been to become barbarians (like the People of the country), and to render themselves exactly like them (Coureurs des Bois). He said we, on the contrary, aimed by this alliance to make them like us. This the People said would require a General Council. This is a significant turning point as most previous marriages are to barbarians by Coureurs des Bois and therefore not recorded in the marriage records of New France.
The Jesuits admit that Frenchmen have been taking savages as country wives where it seemed good to them and their purpose is to become barbarians. They wish to render themselves exactly like the savages.
The conditions necessary for their daughters to marry Frenchmen are as follows:
1. They needed to know what dowry the French would give to the wife, any wife’s family,
2. And know whether the wife would have everything at her disposal.
3. If the husband returned to France, would he take her with him? If not, what compensation would he pay?
4. If wife failed in her duty and is driven off by her husband, what could she take away with her? And if, on her own free will, the fancy seized her to return to her relatives, what could she take with her?
The Jesuits report that some Frenchmen were more hesitant in entering into a marriage with a savage upon learning the terms and conditions of marriage to these barbarian girls. Most Coureurs des Bois, however, didn’t give it a second thought, as they were committed to the relationship. It is noteworthy that many marriages of Frenchmen to barbarians are not recorded as such. Many Savage girls are given Christian names to hid their past.
January 14: Kebec, marriage Antoine Brossard to (I)-Francoise Emery, b-1671, died July 11, 1671, Quebec.
March: Kebec, arrival of (I)-Jacques Gourdeau b-1614 or 1624, a native of Pointou.
March 17: Kebec, birth (III)-Charles Le Gardeur, died September 23, 1684 Trois Rivieres son (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1675 and Marie Favery, d-1675.: 1st married January 18, 1663, Quebec, Marie Macard: 2nd marriage December 22, 1669, Jeanne Dematras.
March 26: Kebec, birth (II)-Jacques Bourdon, Metis, son (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
March 27: The Savages say the country is failing us, there is now scarcely any more game in the neighborhood of the French (Fort Kebec). Unless we reap something from the earth, we are going to ruin.
March 27: Monsieur de Champlain had promised to help the Montagnez to enclose a village at Trois Rivieres, to clear land, and to build some houses. Sieur Oliver, the translator and Sieur Nicolet also a translator confirmed this promise was true.
April 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Peltier Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier (1596-1679) and Jeanne de (Voisy) Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1612/1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. October 17, 1650, Quebec, (I)-Nicolas Goupil; 2nd marriage August 30, 1655, Quebec, Denis Jean.. The family is living at Sillery an Indian reservation so it is highly likely Marie is Metis?
May: (I)-Pierre Pijart (1608-1676), a Jesuit, established the Mission of the Immaculate Conception at Ossossane- the largest Huron village, near Elmvale, Ontario.
May: Kebec, arrival of (I)-Pierre De Laporte, a native of Paris.
June 14: Kabec, birth (II)-Antoine Arnault, Metis, son (I)-Antoine Arnault, a carpenter married 1636, Kabec , Madeleine savage
July: Kebec, an unknown number of ships arrived this month, one ship was called the Nicolas, a vessel with captain Fournier and a bark with captain Faybault, the others are unknown.
July: St Joseph de Sillery, 4 miles above Kebec, is established by Noul de Sillery, and contains two Algonkin families totaling 20 persons. This hardly qualifies as a settlement, but more as a traditional wintering location. Monsieur the Chavalier de Montmagny replaced the late Monsieur de Champellain.
July 5: A ship arrived Tadoussac (Quebec) bringing new settlers from France.
July 12: Kebec, marriage performed by Father Charles Lallemant, at Notre Dame des Anges (I)-Francois Belanger b-1612 to (II)-Marie Madeline Robin Guyon (1618/-1696) others say born March 18, 1624 France, daughter (I)-Jean Francois Huet (Guton) Guyon (Dion) dit du Buisson (1592-1663) Quebec and Mathurine Madeleine Avard Robin (1597-1663) died April 17, 1662, Quebec Is this the (I)-Jean Guyon who arrived Kebec 1619?? and children are possible Metis??
July 12: Kebec marriage Robert Drouin to Anne Cloutier age eleven
August 4: The whole country is enraged against the Black robes, especially the one called Brebeuf (1593-1649) who is considered a sorcerer. The Hurons hold a council to inquire into the cause of a terrible disease ravaging their people. They concluded it was caused by the sorceries of the Jesuits.
August 6: The Hiroquois (Iroquois) had effectively blockaded the Saint Lawrence River above Trois Rivieres (Quebec) preventing the Huron from reaching the French at Fort Kebec.
August 11: The French quickly responded to the Hiroquois (Iroquois) threat by dispatching to Trois Rivieres, 6 well equipped shallops for war. The French drove the Hiroquois from the area and only one canon was fired.
August 16: The Duchesse d’Aiguillon, Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu’s (1585-1642), niece, donated 22,400 Livres to establish Hotel Dieu (a hospital) at Fort Kebec.
September 2: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Hochelaga (Montreal) area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec. No marriage contract was found. (Francoise could be a Native or Metis? but most likely a sauvagesse however with a French name more likely Metis or adopted): married November 9, 1649, Kebec Jean Pelletier
September 2: Kebec marriage (I)-Pierre Nicolet to Nicolas Bonhomme.
September 21: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Selle dit de L’espine to (I)-Marie Berard dit Lepine b-1619, epouse November 5, 1719 Quebec, Pierre Pivain at (100 yrs).
October 7: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Nicolet, (1598-1642) a noble man and interpreter, who arrived Kebec 1618 married to (II)-Marguerite Couillard, daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert; Marguerite married 2nd time April 20. 1705 Kebec. Marguerite epouse November 12, 1646, Kebec, Nicolas Macard. Nicolet 1st married Nipissing woman , b-1610 and had one known daughter (II)-Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet, Metis.
October 7: The marriage of (I)-Jean Nicolet, (1598-1642) to Marguerite Couillard age 11, was attended by (I)-Francois Derre de Gand (chief of police), the late Oliver, Noel Juehereau, Pierre De la Portie, Guillaume Hubout, Guitianume Hebert, Marie Rolet, Claude Racine and Etienne Racine.
October 7: (I)-Pierre Nicolet was present at the contract to marriage of (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) who eventually married September 2, 1640 Catherine Goujet (1616-`1679)
October 21, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Michel Godfroy, died May 18, 1709, Trois Rivieres son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, (1608-1681) and Marie Le Neuf b-1612-1688); married September 2, 1664, Montreal, Perinne Picote
October 22, 1637 it is reported that (I)-Jean Nicolet attended the marriage contracts of Francis Derre, chief of police, Oliver Le Tardif, Noel Juehereau, Pierre De la Porte, Guillaume Hubout, Guiliaume Herbert, Marie Rolet and future epouse Claude Racine and (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607
November 3: Kebec, marriage (I)-Oliver Tardif (Letardif), b-1601, died January 28, 1665, Chateau Richer, (some suggest Tardif was an interpreter for Samuel de Champlain about 1620 and likely remained in Kebec during the English occupation) (others suggest he returned to France) he married 1st. November 3, 1737, Kabec (II)-Louise Couillard, b-1625, Kebec, died November 23, 1641, Kebec, daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, died March 4, 1663, Kebec and (II)-Guillemette Herbert b-1606, died October 20, 1684, Quebec: married 2nd (I)-Jean Aymart dit Aymard daughter (I)-Jean Aymart dit Aymard and Marie Bineau
November 13: David Kirke, Marquis of Hamilton and the Earls of Pembroke and Holland are appointed co-proprietors of Newfoundland. The prior rights of Lord Baltimore were deserted. (I)-David Kirke, as Governor of Newfoundland, brought out 100 colonists and built Fort Ferryland, Fort St. Johns and Fort Bay de Verde. This is in conflict with the Western Adventurers who want the Island free of settlers so as to maintain control of the Grand Bank’s fisheries.
December 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married November 16, 1649, Kebec, Pierre Soumande
December 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Jacqueline Sedilot daughter (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoultt, b-1606: married October 23, 1651, Kebec, Jean Chenier.
1638
Three marriages, nine births and two deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(II)-Nicolas Belanger son (I)-Francois Belanger b-1612, died October 20, 1682 Beaufort, and Marie Guyon (1618-1696: married January 11, 1660 Quebec, Marie De Rainville
(II)-Marguerite Boule, b-1638, died January 31, 1639, Trois Rivieres daughter (I)-Francois Boule established Sillery and married, likely a sauvagesse.
Ship list of colonists from Soleil, France to Kebec
Jacques Chauson, wood worker
Jeanne Chesson, a woman of precedent
Raymond Crubellet
Marie Griffon, woman of precedent
Helie (Elie) Grimard, carpenter, and settled Trois Rivieres
Francois Parpailler, labourer
Daniel Parpailler, labourer
Pierre unknown
Jean Vanuel, tailor
Francois Verdon, master baker
Two Christian Savage girls marry Frenchmen this year and are given some land to settle on. See September 3, 1639.
Genevieve Agnas Skanndharon b-1638, died November 3, 1657, Kabec daughter Pierre Ondakion, Huron and Jeanne Asenraquehaon, Genevieve is adopted by Mr. & Mrs. Bodeau common folks from Paris who paid 3,000 livres for the little girl
(I)-David Kirke (1597-1654) seized the property and mansion of Lord Baltimore, then occupied by William Hill, Newfoundland.
Father (I)-Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673), brother of (I)-Charles Lalemant, Superior (1587-1674) and uncle of (I)-Gabriel Lalemant, is made Superior of Huron Mission of the Society of Jesus of New France. (I)-Jerome Lalemant visited the Wendat mission, bringing a number of Frenchmen of various trades. In 1639 he centralized operations at Ste Marie to establish an ideal fortified village with 13 Jesuit priests..
(I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne (1598-1642), journeyed to Lake Superior to establish trade relations for the Company of New France.
The Jesuit are focusing on learning the Montagnais, Algonquian and Huron tongues.
St. Joseph Sillery, four miles above Kebec on the St. Lawrence River is established with two Algonkin families.
The Swedish West India Company established Fort Cristina (Wilmington, Delaware), consisting of some 200 to 300 Swedes and Finns in New Netherlands. Some contend they contributed log cabin construction to New England. The Dutch would annex the colony in 1655. The Jesuit Father Superior, Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673), introduced a centralization policy, ordering the Jesuit to live together in Sante Marie. This policy proved impractical, and the policy is reversed in 1643.
The New England colonies passed a law, making it a felony to run off to the Indians.
The parish Silleryr aka Mission de St Joseph de Sillery is established this year.
January 27: Kebec, birth (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis daughter (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis, (1604-1639) and Helene Desportes, b-1620, epouse January 9, 1640, Kebec, Noel Morin: married November 20, 1651, Kebec, Guillaume Fournier
February 10: King Louis XIII made Charles de Menou d’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650), a cousin (I)-Isaac de Launoy de Razilly (1587-1635), Lieutenant General of Acadia, with authority over Port Royal and La Heve and the command of Pentagouet (Acadia Maine); a trading post on the Penobscot River (Maine). (II)-Charles de La Tour (1593-1666) was granted the rest of Acadia ( Nova Scotia) and the command of Cape de Sable and Fort La Tour on the St. John River. This arrangement caused ill-feelings and hostility between the two.
February 22: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre:
April 30: The Island of Hochelaga (Montreal) concession is passed from (I)-Jacques Girard, Sieur de la Chaussee, who acquired it January 15, 1636 to (I)-Jean de Lauzon, being witnessed by (I)-Hardin-Huart and (I)-Haguenier.
May 13: Kebec, marriage (I)-Denis Duquet (1605-1675) to Catherine Gautier, b-1627
May 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 to (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679) daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais (1589-1664) and Huron savagesse and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis b-1611?, see 1624: It was on May 22, 1638 that, Father Nicolas Adam fulfilled his parish duties at Quebec. He blessed the union of (I)-Etienne Racine and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis, b-1624, now fourteen years old. Olivier Tardif/LeTardif and Guillaume Couillard were present. Promise of marriage was made November 16, 1637.
June 11: The Jesuit Relations reported an earthquake at Trois Rivieres (Quebec).
June 24: Saint Jean Baptiste Day is first celebrated in Kebec using bonfires which were common in France.
July: Kebec, an unknown number of ships arrived, two known are the Petit Saint Jean, captain J. Coupereau and Marie Marthe captain N. Eccussard.
July 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Blondel, died July 22, 1638, Trois Rivieres daughter (I)-Pierre Blondel, brewer at Fort Trois Riviers and Marie Gourdin Alyson
July 24: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Selle son (I)- Jacques Selle dit de L’espine to (I)-Marie Berard dit Lepine b-1619
August 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Noel Guyon son (I)-Jean Guyon, sieur du Buisson, a mason and educated man from Perche married to Madeleine Boule
September 3: Kebec Country Marriage (I)Guillaume Bigot b-1614 (contract of marriage December 19, 1639) married Marie Panis, slave of Jack and Marie Pouchet of St. Maclou, Bishopic of Rouen, France. This is likely one of those Indian or Metis girls sent to France for education and returned for marriage.
October 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Adrien Hayot son (I)-Thomas Hayot and Jeanne Boucher: 1st married November 24, 1661 Quebec, Marie Guyon: 2nd married February 18, 1686, Quebec, Marie Pechine..
November 16; Kebec, (I)-Etienne Racine and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679) were the heros of the celebration held in the house of (I)-Abraham Martin, (1589-1664). This document is the first to reveal to us the origins of the young fiance. He was the son of Rene Racine and Marie Loisel, from the parish Fumichon, in Normandy. For the occasion, he was assisted by his “kind friends” Guillaume Couillard and Adrienne d’Abancourt, the future bride of Jean Joliet.
November 22: (II)-Adrien Martin, Metis, born November 22, 1638, Kebec son (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’ecossais, (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?).
November 24: Kabec, birth (II)-Genevieve Bourdon, Metis, died December 13, 1700, Quebec, daughter ((I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
December 31: A lunar eclipse sighted in the Huron country, caused panic among the People who placed the blame on the Jesuits. It is likely the Jesuits used this natural phenomena to create converts, but it back fired.
1639
Five marriages, fifteen births and nine deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, who died January 12, 1668, in 1639 obtained the seigniories of Donbourg, Neuville, today’s Point aux Tremble, Quebec
(II)-Antoine Brossard, b-1639, died April 12, 1642, Kebec son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.
Francois de Champflour is Governor Trois Rivieres (1639-1645)
Marie Crespin, b-1639 Ville-Marie (Montreal) aka Hochelaga, married 1681 (I)-Jean Fournier, b-1627; she is likely a Metis, a daughter of a free trader in this area
(I)-Francois de Chamflour is commandant Trois Rivieres (Quebec).
(I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie b-1606 Governor Trois Rivieres (1645-1648), (1650-1651), (1652-1653) and (1658-1662) married Trois Rivieres (II)-Marguerite Le Gardeur b-1608 daughter (I)-Rene Le Gardeur and Catherine De Corde, died July 7, 1657 Quebec. Some suggest he married France about 1631?
(I)-Andre de Malapart (Malapart) arrived Trois Rivieres 1635 and is made commandant in 1639.
A coal mine is operating at Grand Lake (New Brunswick).
Jeanne Enard, b-1619 wife of (I)-Christophe Crevier, sieur de la Mesle arrives Trois Rivieres (Quebec) (not recorded by Tanguay) and begins a flourishing trade in brandy with the Natives. (I)-Christophe was involved in 27 court cases at Trois Riviers. I suspect Jeanne might be Metis or a savageese??
Smallpox hit this year in Fort Kebec and Trois Rivieres killing hundreds of people. The Huron (Wendat) lost half their population. The Jesuit, following their isolation policy, created the first Indian reservation- St. Joseph de Sillery, seven kilometers north of Fort Kebec, which included three thousand, five hundred hectares. The Jesuits, having failed to educate the Algonquian into Christianity, called on the Ursuline order of nuns to educate the women. They also would fail. This ill-conceived policy, however, would last for the next three hundred and fifty years, causing much suffering to the Native Peoples.
The Ursuline arrived to educate the savage girls. Marie de I’Incarnation said “A Frenchman is more readily become a savage than a savage a Frenchman”. It’s ironic that any analysis of the two cultures suggest the Europeans were the savages.
The Hospitan Nuns say; in France you have to be on guard every day, to prevent disputes among the poor, or to quell them, and in Kebec we have not observed the least discord among our sick Savages, not even a slight quarrel has arisen. How these persons, so different in country, age and sex, can agree so well. The love of the mother towards their children is very great.
In the Huron Country are 13 Jesuit and 27 Frenchmen. (II)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) served this mission (1639-1643) he is likely living with his Indian girl and they would settle Trois Rivieres. Father Superior, (I)-Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673), opened a mission among the Petuns and Neutrals, being fearful of the Dutch Calvinists’ influence, as the Jesuits had previously, vigorously opposed to them in India, Japan and the East Indies. The Jesuit Father (I)-Barthelemy Vimont (1594-1667) arrived at Fort Kabec this year for a second time. The Algonquin accused the Wa-mit-ig-oshe (Jesuit) and Christian Wendat of plotting to destroy the whole Nation of Peoples.
Smallpox, carried by the Jesuits, destroyed 50% of the Huron Nation, leaving only 10,000 people. Others suggest disease in 1634, 1636 and 1639 destroyed 18,000 Huron. Earlier unknown diseases (likely also smallpox) had already thinned their numbers. Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) in 1645 estimated the Huron numbered some 30,000 people in 20 towns.
The Company of (New) France issued a resolution that Savages should be on the same footing as the French at the Company stores. Savage girls who marry French husbands should be allotted a piece of land prepared for crop.
Fort Ste. Marie#1 The French Jesuits build Fort Ste. Marie #1 (1639-1649) on the River Wye, near Lake Attigouanatan (Huron), Ontario. Fort Ste Marie was burned down by the Jesuits in 1649.
Girls (Filles du Roi) are first mentioned in the Jesuit Relations as being sent to New France this year in their 1641 reports. The Jesuits said that rumors circulating in Paris in 1639, as to the girls virtue, were untrue, as the girls virtue was attested to by a doctor before they departed France. Rumors in Paris say this is not true.
The Wenrohronons, an associate nation of the Neutral Nation, had a falling out, for unknown reasons, and fled to New France. They traveled over 80 leagues, made by over 600 persons, the majority being women and children, many die in transit with most being sick on arrival. They were distributed among the various Huron villages. The best places of the cabins were given to them, the granaries or chests of corn were opened and they were given liberty to dispose of them as if they were their own. The Wenrohronons were grateful and the Jesuit saw this as an opportunity to make converts.
The European Islanders (English) who have settled to the south are barbarians who are hostile to the Roman Church and the Black Robes. They tell the Hiroquois, the Black Robes are associated to destroy and ruin the world. They said there are some Jesuit in England, but concealed, and as soon as caught, they are put to death.
(I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny, d-1651, the Governor of Canada (1635-1648) built Hotel Dieu, Kebec.
January 2: Kebec, birth (III)-Marie Madeleine Sevestre, died November 7, 1706, daughter (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec: 1st married October 22, 1653, Quebec, Jacques Loyer: 2nd marriage February 22, 1672, Quebec, Louis DeNiort.
January 29: Kebec, birth (III)-Ignace Le Gardeur, died June 5, 1644 Trois Rivieres son (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1675 and Marie Favery, d-1675.
February 13, 1639 birth (II)-Pierre Boucher son (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married April 4, 1663 Chateau Richer, Marie St. Denis
March 20, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Louis Godfroy, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie Le Neuf (1612-1688); married March 1663 (II)-Marguerite Seigneuret, b-1650
March 30: Kebec: birth (II)-Louise Giffard, died October 31, 1658, Quebec, 1665, Quebec daughter (I)-Robert Giffard de Moncel (1587-1658/1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599/1659: married August 12, 1652, Quebec, Charles De Lauzon
May 4: The St. Joseph sailed from Dieppe, France with the following passengers: Jesuit (I)-Joseph Antoine Poncet de La Riviere (1610-1675), Jesuit (I)-Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot (1611-1693) and Jesuit Barthelemy Vimont (1594-1667), new Superior of the Jesuits in Canada. Also included are Ursuline (I)-Marie Guyart aka Marie de I’Incarnation (1599-1672), Ursuline (I)-Marie de Savonnieres de La Touche, Ursuline Marie de Saint Joseph (1616-1652, and Mother (I)-Cecile de Sainte Croix. (I)-Marie Madeleine de Chauvigny de La Peltrie (1603-1671) was on board. Three Hospitallers were included: Mother Marie Guenat, Marie de Saint Ignace (1610-1646), Anne le Cointre, Anne de Saint Bernard and Marie Forestier and Marie de Saint Bonaventure (1615-1698).
July/August: Kebec, three ships arrived the Saint Joseph Captain Bontemps, the Saint Jacques captain Ancelot and one classified as a boat.
July 12: Kebec, birth (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married July 25, 1667, Chateau Richer, Suzanne Page
July 18: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Blondel, died August 10, 1639, Trois Rivieres son (I)-Pierre Blondel, brewer at Fort Trois Riviers and Marie Gourdin Alyson
August 1: Marie de La Peltrie and Marie de I’Incarnation founded the Ursuline convent. They were teaching nuns with a primary goal of educating Indian Girls as wives to Frenchmen. It was true that girls who converted to catholicism often desired to marry French Catholic husbands. The early records were lost in a fire the the schooling of Indian girls was said to be substantial. They were given practical household skills and provided with a dowry if they married a Frenchman. The actual convent was not built until 1641 and likely peaked at 60-80 girls. Many girls prior to 1641 were shipped to France for their education and were adopted into French families before being returned to New France. It is assumed many returned to the the convent before marriage but these records were lost in a fire.
August 2: Kebec, birth (III)-Angelique Hebert, Metis daughter (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) and Helene Desportes, b-1620, epouse January 9, 1640, Kebec, Noel Morin
August 8: Kebec, marriage (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) to Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687)
August 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Couillard, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684);
September 3: Kabec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Bigot, b-1614, child of Louis and Bertranne Malescot; married September 3, 1639, Kabec to Marie panis (slave) sauvagesse of Jacques and Marie Pouchet de St Maclou, bishopric de Rouen, France. Contract of marriage December 18, 1639 Greffe de Guitet.
September 3: Kabec, birth, (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis, died September 25, 1697, Beauport, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), Algonquin Metis born Hochelaga (Montreal) area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: married October 22, 1653, Kebec Paul Vachon
September 12: Kabec, marriage (I)-Jean Gory, b-1611 married Isabeau Panie, slave sauvagesse or Metis daughter Jacques and Marie Dousset de St. Maclou, eveche de Rouen.
September 26: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Maheu, d-1663 married Anne Convent epouse 1627, France (I)-Philippe Amiot and epouse September 10, 1666 Quebec, Etienne Blanchon
September 9: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) to Marie D’Abancour dite La Caille
November 1: Kebec: birth (II)-Marie Giffard, died June 3, 1714, Beauport daughter (I)-Robert Giffard de Moncel (1587-1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599: married September 22, 1649, Kebec, Nicolas Juchereau
December 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Francoise Guyon daughter (I)-Jean Guyon, sieur du Buisson, a mason and educated man from Perche married Madeleine Boule
December 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Gareman daughter (I)-Pierre Gareman dit Garnier (in 1666 census) and Madeleine Charlot: married January 29, 1652, Quebec, Mathurin Tru
December 18: Kebec, birth (II)-Adrien Sedilot, died March 1, 1715, son (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married October 23, 1651, Kebec, Jean Chenier: married September 22, 1661, Quebec, Jeanne Briere.
1640
Three marriages, twenty one births and two deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. The New France colony now totaled some two hundred and forty people. Others suggest Kebec population was 355. An unofficial census of New France recorded 375 people. The first count must only include Fort Kebec and area. Others suggest the total population of New France only numbered 359, this sounds like La Tour head count of Acadia?.
(I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) (1614-1694) see 1619 married Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English
Kebec birth (II)-Jeanne Auber died Batiscan December 8, 1687, daughter (I)-Francois Auber (leader of a boat) and Anne Fauconner; married 1681 Jacques Dubois
(II)-Zacharie Cloutier, died February 3, 1708 Chateau Richer married Madeleine Barbe Aymard, b-1626, died May 28, 1708, Chateau Richer
(I)-Francois Girouard, b-1621 arrived Acadia 1740, married Jeanne Aueoin, b-1631.
(II)-Catherine Le Neuf, b-1640 Trois Revieries daughter (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie, b-1606 and (II)-Marguerite Le Gardieur, b-1608, died 1697: married August 23, 1655, Kebec, Pierre Denis. Possible son (I)-Pierre St. Denis who arrived Kebec 1619 and therefore possibly Metis? Brother (II)-Michel Le Neuf was born October 31, Trois Riviers, died 1721 Quebec who married about 1666 (II)-Francois Denis. Catherine Le Neuf is listed born unknown? Also sister Marie b-1632 possible adoptees?
(II)-Marie Pasquier (1640-1685) born Kebec daughter (I)-Pierre Pasquier de Franclieu and Marie de Porta; married January 10, 1668 (II)-Charles Thomas Couillard, died May 8, 1715 St. Etienne de Beaumont epouse 1688 (II)-Louise Couture
(II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) commanded 359 people in Acadia and (I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) of Acadia could field 200 men, during the Acadian civil war, more than the total of New France.
(I)-Pierre Vachon, d-1640, Kebec
Some believe that many early French traders took Huron (Wendat) women for wife seeking short term personal gratification, trade advantages and did not expect their obligations to be permanent. The Metis children were absorbed into the matriarchal society and adopted the Huron culture. The Huron would not yield orphaned youngsters to French care as they were a cruel people using corporal punishment as discipline and as a teaching aid. The destruction of the Huron confederacy in 1649 drove these unrecorded Metis west and most were permanently separated from their French fathers. Subsequent history does not support this opinion. The French fathers likely did not abandoned their Huron wives but were likely separated due to the Iroquois war.
The Jesuits were approached secretly in Sillery by young Indian girl converts to find them suitable husbands.
At the General Assembly of the Huron Nation, the Council again openly debated the execution of the Jesuits or at least the driving of them back to the St. Lawrence Valley, for bringing disease to the minds and bodies of the People. Many Huron Villages had already closed their gates to the Jesuits. Women would run and hide their children at the approach of the Jesuits.
The Iroquois group of five nations, unlike the Algonquian, are intense farmers. The Huron (Wendat) are a part of the Iroquois family, but has aligned with the Algonquian culture. They are in constant conflict with the Iroquois. The center of the conflict, at this time, is that the Iroquois traded with the Dutch through Hudson River and the Huron ( Wendat) with the French by the St. Lawrence river, and both acted as merchants in the fur trade. The French believed the Dutch and English were behind the Iroquois’ stirring up of trouble and selling them guns. The Iroquois source of supply, however, is dwindling, whereas the Huron ( Wendat) trade is flourishing. Unknown to the French, the Huron ( Wendat) are the middlemen to the Ojibwa and Cree to the West. The Iroquois began attacking the French settlements, striking down the farmers in the field, burning their homes, barns and wheat fields.
The French noted that Natives show in sickness, astonishing patience and gentleness and most pious devotion. Accustomed to divide with one another their food, they also think it necessary to share their medicine. The Huron ( Wendat), however, noted that the black robes caused death wherever they went. In some villages they visit, everyone except three or four died. The black robes moved and the same thing happened again. They visited the cabins of other cities, and only those into which they did not enter have been exempted from illness or death.
The Jesuits (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot (1611-1693) traveled from the Huron Mission in the present Township of Medonte, near Penetanguishene, (Ontario) to the Indian Village Onguiara near Queenston (Ontario). This highly annoyed the Huron ( Wendat) who accused the Blackrobes of attempting to bypass them in trade. The Jesuit Order attempted to exclude the Recollets and Huguenots from New France. They firmly believed that the real enemies were the Dutch, English and the Huguenots.
By 1640, the Iroquois have swept away the Jesuits, Huron ( Wendat), and nearly destroyed the French trading colony. The first official census listed 375 people in New France.
The French Company of One Hundred Associates, that was effectively created by Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642) is on the verge of bankruptcy. It had been founded to control the fur trade and to keep protestants out of New France, founded on a church principle of absolutism.
The Jesuits, before the purge, could only count about 100 converts from the 16,000 Wendat (Huron), and these were mostly sick infants or aged persons who died soon after baptism. Where ever the Jesuit went death soon followed. Sillery, Kabec the major mission of the Jesuit only contained 35-40 families.
Many Huron believe the Jesuit have a secret league with the Hiroquois (Iroquois) likely because they baptized a few Hiroquois.
Father (I)-Jean Brebeuf (1593-1649) visited the Neutral Nation (Iroquois) and entered into secret treaty. He was denounced as a traitor full of treachery, on all sides. He denied that he did but others presented evidence that he was lying. The Jesuit Order fearing for his life recalled him to Kebec until things cooled down.
The Church of Kebec is burned and destroyed by fire, together with the house of the Jesuit Fathers.
The death of (I)-Issac de Launoy de Razilly (1587-1635/36) threw Acadia into turmoil, as (I)-Charles de Menou d’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650), Nicolas Denys and (II)-Charles de Saint Etienne de La Tour (1595-1665) divided the governing of Acadia and all claimed exclusive rights to trade. A civil war broke out and didn’t end until (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) killed? Charles d’Aulnay de Charinsay (1605-1650) and married his widow Madame Motin.
The Micmac scoffed at the notion of French superiority. They reasoned that if Christian civilization was so wonderful, why were its inhabitants leaving? In France, governments were harsh and the rule of law arbitrary. Famines, disease and death rampaged. The French were just plain dirty, physically weak, and sexually untrustworthy.
The Association for the Colony of Ville-Marie (Montreal. Quebec) is formed, headed by the founders Jerome le Royer de la Dauversiere, Receiver of Taxes at la Fleche, in Anjou; and Father Jean Jacques Olier de Vemeuil, a young Sulpican priest of Paris.
The Jesuit say; nearly all the barbarians (Huron, Algonquian and Iroquois) desire the Jesuit death, as passionately as they crave the preservation of their own lives; in their speech they talk of nothing but slaughtering us, that was an ordinary theme of their Councils, so reported the Jesuits.
A ship arrived Acadia with 25 men and 5 women.
(I)-Guillaume Couture (Cousture), (1617-1701) departed Trois Riviers with Jésuit priests (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646), (I)-Rene Goupil (1608-1642), and 19 Huron Indians. In the vicinity of lake Saint-Pierre, the small convoy was attacked by a group of about 80 Iroquois and are taken prisoner by the Iroquois
January 9: Kebec, marriage (I)-Noel Morin, (1616-1680) to Helene Desportes, epouse October 1, 1634, (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis, b-1606 d-1639.
February 14: Kebec, birth (II)-Paul Selle son (I)- Jacques Selle dit de L’espine to (I)-Marie Berard dit Lepine b-1619
April 11: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 testified in court as a witness.
April 30: Sillery, birth (II)-Nicolas Peltier dit Marolles Metis, died December 2, 1729, Tadoussac, son (I)-Nicolas Pelletier and Jeanne Roussy Metis/Indian (1622-1689); 1st married June 22, 1673 Quebec Madeleine Tegoussi (Montagnaise) sauvagess, veuve d’Augustie sauvage; 2nd marriage June 3, 1677, Tadoussac, Francoise Ouechipichinokoue, Algonguin; 3th marriage (II)-Francoise Lamy, daughter (I)-Isaac Lamy; 4rd marriage August 5, 1715, Quebec, Marie Anne Outchiouanich Nanabesa; Sillery is an Indian reservation so it is highly likely he is a Metis
Marriage #2 produced two Metis children Nicolas & Francois and they produced 10 Metis children.
May 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Peltier, Metis died November 9, 1713, Quebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married November 17, 1653, Quebec, Jean Hayot
May 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Francois Crevier Metis son (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619
May 17: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Marsolet, Metis, died April 19, 1712, Kebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688) epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married October 20, 1653, Kebec, Jean Lemire
May 24: Father (I)-Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot (Chaumonnot, Calvonotti) (1611-1693) wrote; The Missionaries have been frequently persecuted, but non have yet perished. Pierre is fully aware that the Algonquin, Huron and Iroquois all have the Jesuit under Assembly, Council or Grand Council orders to be executed for their evil deeds.
June 24: An Englishman arrived Sault Saint Louis and River des Prairies. The first rapid found in the great river St. Lawrence, which we call “sault saint Louis,”: we come to another stream crossed the “River des Prairies. This river is thus named after a Frenchman called des Prairies. This Englishman had one servant and 20 Abnaquiois, who reside between the Acadian Sea and the St. Lawrence River, in canoes to search for the Northern Sea. He had spent two years following the coast from Virginia to New Mexico attempting to find the route to the North Sea (likely looking for the Mississippi River) but had failed to do so. The French at this time believed the route to the North Sea is via Lake Superior based upon (I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne (1598-1642) account. The Frenchman was refused permission to venture to Fort Kebec and told to return from whence he came. He said he was unable to do so as the streams were dried up. He requested and received permission to go to Tadoussac (Quebec) to find voyage back to England.
June 27: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Jacques Boissel son (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697)
June 30: Tadoussac, (Quebec) three ships arrived, the Esperance 90 tonnage captain Savinien Courpon de la Tour, the Saint Jacques, captain Ancflot and an unnamed ship captain Cabot. Other ships arrived July/August but the numbers and names are unknown.
July 1: Kebec, (I)-Noel Desnoyers, a carpenter of the Ursulines arrived and died July 3, 1640, Kebec.
July 26: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Hayot daughter (I)-Thomas Hayot and Jeanne Boucher: 1st married October 28, 1652, Quebec, Etienne Tenevert: 2nd marriage Leonard Dubord.
July 29: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620.
July/August: An unknown number of ships landed Kebec.
August 7: In Paris, the Island of Montreal, (Quebec) passed into the hands of Jerome Le Rouer (Royer), sieur de la Dauversiere, Sieur de La Dauversiere and Pierre Chevrier, Baron de Fancamp to set the stage for the Montreal Company or Society of Notre Dame de Montreal. Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676) is to be the new Governor of the Ville Marie de Montreal. The Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement, formed in 1639; a secret society of Counter-Reformation zealots in France, is the prime mover. Father Jean Jacques Olier is also a founding member.
August 19: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Belanger, died December 15, 1692 Chateau Richer, son (I)-Francis Belanger b-1612 and (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696): married November 21, 1663 Chateau Richer, Barbe Clouter
September 2: Kebec marriage (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) married Catherine Goujet (1616-1679)
September 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Etienne Sedilot, died November 10, 1688, Quebec, son (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married October 23, 1651, Kebec, Jean Chenier: married August 11`, 1664, Quebec, Madeleine Carbonnet.
September 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis, daughter of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage; married 1st February 6, 1653, Quebec, Nicolas Froget, 2nd marriage February 1, 1681, Repentigny, Jean Baptiste Fonteneau
September 14: Kebec, death Marguerite Petitpas who married (I)-Etienne Sevestre
THREE CHILDREN ARE RECORDED
(II)-Etienne Sevestre died May 2, 1640, Kebec, drowned with Adrien D’Abancour.
(II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Quebec, married 1627, Marie Pichon
(II)-Jacques Sevestre, died June 12, 1685, Quebec
September 30: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Racine, Metis, child of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679)
October 19: Kabec, birth (II)-Marie Bourdon, Metis, died 1660 Quebec, son (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
October 22: Kabec, marriage (I)-Claude Etienne, b-1610 married (II)- Helene Martin, born June 21, 1627, Metis, daughter (I)- Abraham Martin (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611; 2nd marriage Helene September 3, 1647 to (I)-Medard Chouart.
October 31: Trois Rivieres, birth, (II)-Michel Le Neuf, son (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie, b-1606 and (II)-Marguerite Le Gardieur, b-1608, died 1697: married Marie Francoise Denis
November: (I)-Pierre Pijart, Jesuit is in the Tabacco Nation.
December 4: Trois Rivieres, birth/death (II)-Ignace Nicolet son (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) and (II)-Marguerite Couillard
December 17: The Hundred Associates agreed to grant Montreal Island to the Society of Notre Dame de Montreal, except for the mountain and an area to the southeast, and added the seignior of St. Sulpice.
1641
Three marriages, sixteen births and eight deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Brossard b-1641, died December 21, 1709 Quebec daughter (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.: married February 7, 1656 Kebec Jacques Hedouin
Guillaume Des Chesnes, Voyage Couillard dit Des Chesnes, en 1641.
(I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers, (1618/21-1696), pilote, arrived Kebec, 1641, explorer, fur trader, married 1st. September 3, 1647, Kebec (II)-Helene Martin, 2n marriage August 24, 1653, Quebec, (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, was involved in 31 court cases at Trois Rivieres and was resentful on the injustices at the hands of French officials. He and his brother-in-law (II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis, (1632-1710) helped found the Hudson Bay Company. (II)-Pierre is listed as (II)-Marguerite’s half sister. (see Radisson 1631)
Monsieur de Courpon is admiral of the fleet of New France (Canada). Sieur Maisonneuve his surgeon is given to the New Colony of Montreal.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Nicolas Crevier dit Bellerive Metis son (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married 1664 Trois Rivieres, Louise Leloutre, b-1648
(I)-Francois Petit Pre a Jesuit engage is at Trois Rivieres this year
Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Hayot born likely 1641 or earlier, Kebec son (I)-Thomas Hayot and Jeanne Boucher: married November 17, 1653 Quebec, Louise Pelletier..
(I)-Charles Lemoyne de Longueuil, et de Chateauguay b-1624 arrived Kebec this year. He would marry 1654 Montreal, a 13 year old orphan named Catherine Primot, b-1641 whose real name is Catherine Tierry daughter Guillaume Tierry and Elizabeth Messier.
(II)-Marie Anne Le Neuf, b-1641/42 likely Trois Revieries daughter (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie, b-1606 and (II)-Marguerite Le Gardieur, b-1608, died 1697
(I)-Paul De Maisonneuve a noble of Chomeday, arrived New France 1641.
(I)-Jeanne Mance, b-1607, died June 19, 1673, Montreal, arrived Kebec this year.
The Pelletier brothers arrived Quebec; (I)-Guillaume Pelletier (1598-1657) and wife Michelle Mable (1592-1665) and brother (I)-Antoine Pelletier d-1647 drowned when his canoe capsized at Montmorency Falls
Some historians consider a colony of 240 people in 106 years since discovery as hardly representing a commitment by France towards New France.
(I)-Andre Bernard, b-1620, France arrived Acadia to work at Jemseg, Saint John River, (New Brunswick). Fort Jemseg fell in 1645 and Andre was expelled to France but he returned later. He married 1st about 1642 Kebec? an Indian; married 2nd Marie Andree Guyon (1618-1696)? daughter Francois Guyon. The Guyon clan arrived 1619. Marie Andree Guyon (1618-1696)? is recorded married 1637 Kebec, (I)-Charles Belanger b-1612 who arrived Kebec 1619.
TWO CHILDREN ARE RECORD as children (I)-Andre Bernard and Indian Woman
(II)-Michel Nicolas Bernard, Metis b-1662 and married Margurite Indian (1649-1671)
(II)-Rene Bernard, Metis b-1663
If this is correct this marriage likely occurred 1661? It’s also possible he had two Indian wives?
Nicolas Giffar is working among the Huron for the Jesuit.
Mathurin Parisien, Metis b-1641, baptized 1644 Trois Rivieres (Quebec) son Jean Parisien and Francoise Sauvagesse.
(II)-Jean Poirier arrived Acadia son (I)-Jean Poirier
The resident population of New France is two hundred and forty French, increased by 70 with the arrival of (I)-Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve (1612-1676) and (I)-Jeanne Mance (1606-1673)- all committed to sacrificing their lives in the service of God and their fellow man. These religious zealots would go on to establish Ville-Marie (Mountain of Montreal). Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), based on others advice, considered the project insane. They dubbed the project ‘The Foolish (Absurd) Enterprise’.
(I)-Charles Le Moyne de Longueuil (1626-1685) arrived New France to work for the Jesuit in Huron Country. It is believed that (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618/21-1696) also arrived in New France as a servant of the Jesuit whom he remained indentured to until 1646.
The Puritans of Massachusetts established the Body of Liberties and the General Fundamentals of the Plymouth Colony. Liberty included jury trial, no taxation without representation, free elections, no one deprived of life, liberty or property- save by due process of law or those compelled to incriminate themselves. Torture and cruel and barbarous punishment are prohibited. Foreigners are assured equal protection of the law, and cruelty to animals is forbidden. As to cruelty to wives, a husband is forbidden to beat his wife unless in his own defense upon her assault. It is small wonder that the Jesuits would consider these English as more evil than the savage barbarians.
The Iroquois formally declared war against the French.
There are only an estimated 120 French settlers in all of Nova Scotia (Acadia). I am not sure if the same rules apply here as in New France a settler is one who is married and has children, not those married to indigenous women.
Fort Richelieu (Sorel, Quebec) is built this year.
St. Joseph de Sillery, Kabec is established with some 30 families, but is soon abandoned due to its vulnerability to Iroquois attacks. Some held out until 1655/56 when the Iroquois raids and fire finally destroyed the village.
(I)-Thomas Godfroy, Sieur de Normnville (d-1652) of Trois Rivieres, (Quebec) is captured by the Iroquois, but released later this year during peace negotiations. The Iroquois would later kill him in 1652.
(I)-Paul de Chromedey, sieur de Maisonneuve (1612-1676) with 40 Frenchmen began the construction of the Ville-Marie (Montreal) settlement.
It is reported in Paris that a vessel laden with girls (bound for New France) whose virtue had not the approval of any doctor; the Jesuit claim this is a false report. It is not stated if their virtue in question is not correct or if the vessel laden with girls is not correct. It is possible the exporting of the Kings Daughters started earlier than is commonly believed.
The Ursuline nuns wrote that the savages who were not christans were considered by them to be very stupid. The Augustinian nuns marveled that in the hospitals not even a slight quarrel has arisen, although the savages were in great pain. Those savages not once complained.
January 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Agnes Drouin, died November 8, 1641, Kebec son (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) and (II)-Anne Cloutier, died February 3, 1648, Kebec
February: Jesuits (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumont (Chaumonnot, Calvonotti) (1611-1693) returned to Ste Marie among the Huron from a visit to the Neutral Indians at Lake Erie.
February 10: I’Ange Gardien, marriage (II)-Antoine Trudel, died Nay 22, 1701, Montreal to (II)-Madeleine Gariepy, died November 17, 1695, Montreal.
February 12: Francois Marguerie and Thomas Godefroy is captured by the Hiroquois, (Iroquois) they are taken 17-18 days journey south, they are treated like the Savages own children. The Dutch provided clothing and other necessities to the prisoners. They were released later at Trois Rivieres (Quebec) during peace discussions.
February 13: (I)-Menou d’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) requested the return to France and the revoking of the commission of (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665). La Tour disobeyed and remained in Acadia. Thus started the Acadian civil war.
February 24: Kabec, birth, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, died August 26, 1687, Quebec son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: married October 19, 1665, Chateau Richer, Francoise Belanger
March 6, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jacques Godfroy, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, (1608-1681) and Marie Le Neuf b-1612-1688);
April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Nicolas Couillard, Metis died June 24, 1661, Quebec, son (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684);
May 9: Two ships with settlers for Ville-Marie (Montreal) departed France. Among the passengers are (I)-Jeanne Mance (1606-1673) and Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676)- the new Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal).
May 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Noel Boisse, died May 20, 1721 Quebec, son (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697): Married July 23, 1669, Quebec, Marie Morin
May 21: Kebec (I)-Francois De Re de Gand is chief of police in Kebec, died May 21, 1641.
May 27: A Great Fur Market is conducted at Trois Rivieres (Quebec).
June: Four ships arrive Kebec, the Gaston 100t captain G. Joubert, the Rene captain N. Pernet and unknowns.
June: Kabec, four ships arrived, the Gaston of 100 tonnage captain G. Joubert, the Rene 100 tonnage captain N. Pernet, two unnamed ships and a 5th ship arrived August with the first settlers for Ville-Marie (Montreal).
August 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Boucher daughter (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Quebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married January 12, 1655 Chateau Richer Louis Houde
August 8: (I)-Jeanne Mance (1606-1673) arrived in New France.
August 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Gagnon, died May 24, 1699, Quebec daughter (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620. Married April 26, 1654, Quebec, Jean Chapeleau.
August 23: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) and Marie Marguerie d-1700, epouse Moral de St. Quentin. Tanguay attributes three children to this marriage but the inventory dated August 21, 1651 lists no children.
August 20: So as not to lose perspective, the Huron Christian Church only contained 60 zealots.
September 2: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Racine, Metis, died January 5, 1675 Chateau Richer, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married November 10, 1653, Quebec, Simon Guyon
September 3: Kebec, marriage (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1626 son (I)-Martin Boucher 1589-1671) and Julienne Barry; married Florence Gareman, b-1629
September 20: Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676), the new Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal), arrived in New France.
September 25: Kebec, marriage (I)-Rene Mezeray aka Mezler, (1611-1695) to Helene Chastel; 2nd marriage Francoise Milot, died April 5, 1703, Pointe aux Trembles, espouse September 30, 1697, Quebec, Leonard Durord dit Lajeunesse; 3rd marriage October, 1645 Kebec, (II)-Nicole Gareman..
September 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Maheu, died October 19, 1641 Kebec, daughter (I)-Jacques Maheu, d-1663 and Anne Convent, epouse 1627, France (I)-Philippe Amiot and epouse September 10, 1666 Quebec, Etienne Blanchon
October 6: Kebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Damien, b-1611 to Marie Joly, b-1623
October 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine De Chavigny daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: married July 24, 1662, Kebec, Jean Lemoyne, epouse August 13, 1652, Kebec Jacques Gourdeau: et October 15, 1663, Kebec, Jacques Descailhant..
October 19: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis , died August 26, 1687, Quebec son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec. No marriage contract was found. (Francoise could be a Native or Metis? but most likely a sauvagesse): married October 19, 1665, Chateau Richer, Francoise Belanger
October 14: Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676), the new Governor of Montreal, arrived in Ville-Marie (Montreal) and assumed his duties.
November: (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) sent (I)-Nicolas Garcot de la Rochette to Boston to enter into treaty with the English which was only partially agreed to.
November 12: Kebec, death (I)-Andre Samson.
November 24: Kebec birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Bonhomme, died March 23, 1642 Kebec daughter (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679)
December 29: Kebec, birth (III)-Jeanne Sevestre, died January 5, 1648, Quebec son (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec.
1642
Three marriages, nine births and six deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
The mission Ville-Marie (Montreal) de la Province de Quebec is established this year. There are an estimated 200 residents of New France.
In the autumn of this year (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1648 and his future son-in-law (I)-Jean Paul Godefroy, who married 1646, (III)-Marie Madeline Le Gardeur, sailed for France. Their objective was two fold:
1. A petition for trading rights for Ville-Marie (Montreal)
2. A petition for the return of the Recollets, claiming the Jesuits are attending to the savages but not the French
They achieved the first with conditions, but lost the second.
(II)-Laurent Archambault, (Metis?) b-1642, son (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married January 7, 1660, Ville-Marie (Montreal) Catherine Marchand. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
(II)-Felix Aubert (Auber) b-1642, died February 20, 1690, son (I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) and Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English; married April 15, 1670 Chateau Richer, Claire Francoise Thibault
Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Auber, died December 8, 1687, Batiscan, daughter (I)-Francois Auber and Anne Fauconner, died November 30, 1676, L’Ange Gardien, eglise: married 1681 Jacques Dubois
Port Royal; (I)-Jean Blanchard b-1611 married about 1642, Port Royal (II)-Radegonde Joy Lambert b-1621/1629 (Metis). d-1686, daughter (I)-Jean Antoine Lambert and Marie Radegonde Kagijonais a MicMac;
(I)-Francois L’Esguillon dit Lachapelle is at Sillery this year.
(I)or(II)-Pierre Martin married 1642 Madeleine Panis or Pavis: Panis evolved from Pawnee meaning Indian slave and later any slave in New France, Tanguay appears to be confused on these two entries, he says they were both born LaRochelle, France however he also records Panis to mean Savage. I highly suspect this family line is Metis, likely a Savage slave shipped to France, educated, baptized and returned to Kebec. Someone else will have to track this one down! (III)-Madeleine Martin, Metis married Nicolas Frangey, daughter of Pierre (See 1624, very interesting?)
THREE CHILDREN ARE RECORDED
(III)-Charles Martin, Metis b-1648, married Catherine Dupuy; 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Marie Batanville a Boucherville
(III)-Pierre Martin, Metis b-1643, died October 9, 1713 Ste Foye
(III)-Madeleine Martin, Metis, married Nicolas Frangey
One birth is (II)-Germain Morin (1642-1702) who will become the first Canadian born priest.
Most habitants of Kebec now produce wheat, rye, peas, barley and other grains to last 6 months, some only 5 months. Others suggest wheat was not introduced until 1644.
This past winter the French colony had enjoyed good health. The first ship to arrive Kebec informed that the supply ship from France had been sunk or captured by the Dunkirkers.
Jules Cardinal Mazarin became Chief Minister of France following the death of Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642). Fort Richelieu is established at the mouth of the Richelieu River, Quebec. The death of Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642), a Jesuit, who had absolute control over New France, saw the Jesuits attempt to regain this political power by any means possible for the next 60 years plus.
Queen Mother Anne of Austria responded to the appeals of the Society of Ville-Marie (Montreal) and sent forty soldiers to Ville-Marie (Montreal) to deal with the Iroquois problem that was created by the French to isolate the Iroquois and therefore the Dutch from the Indian Fur Trade.
The Jesuit Father (I)-Charles Raymbault or Raimbault (1602-1642) died at Fort Kebec of an illness.
(I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642), the wonder man, Commissary General at Kabec, after spending 35 years in New France, drown near Sillery, (Quebec) as he didn’t know how to swim.
The Sillery Indian Reserve, at this time, contained thirty families; making up one hundred and fifty people. (I)-Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676), a soldier, on authority of the Jesuit, established a mission, Ville Marie, replacing the Algonquian historic settlement site of Hochelaga and the free trader haven that is later to become the Mountain of Montreal. The Jesuit Father (I)-Barthelemy Vimont (1594-1667) hoped this move would strangle the Coureurs des Bois main trading route with the savages and limit their expansion and exploration. No trade, however, exists for the next two season between the Georgian Bay Jesuit and the mission of the Mountain of Montreal, Jesuit traders.
Fort Maisonneuve (Montreal) is established by (I)-Paul de Maisonneuve (1612-1676) at Point Calliere near the ancient site of Hochelaga.
The Jesuit attempt to humiliate the Nipissing Algonkins religious beliefs, calling them superstitious and licentious in their beliefs arousing much opposition and even threatened him with physical harm. This is significant as these People are known to be slow to anger and very tolerant of other opinions.
The harquebus are traded to the Christian Savages but refused in trade to the infidel Savages. The trade decision is hereby given to the Jesuit at the peril of the colony.
The Agneronons live between Trois Rivieres and the Upper Hiroquois (Iroquois) who comprise 700 to 800 men of arms. They trade with the Dutch and have acquired 300 arquebuses (harquebus). They prey on the Huron who have not a single aquebuses (harquebus) because the Jesuit will not allow their trade to the Huron infidels. The beaver obtained from raids on the Huron is used to buy more powder, shot and guns. The Dutch have been encouraging the Hiroquois to drive the French from the New World.
Since the neophytes proclaimed their faith they have been visited by extraordinary misfortunes, pestilence, famine and war. The Christian neophytes say “you tell us that God is full of goodness; and then we give, ourselves up to him, he massacres us. The Iroquois do not believe in God, they are more wicked than demons; and yet they prosper.” The Jesuit say: God uses the Iroquois as a whip, in order to correct you. The Savages say then why did he not begin with the Iroquois? Why did he not try to give them sense first? The Jesuit say few persons go to paradise without passing through the fire of purgatory.
Self flagellation is being encouraged by the Jesuit at Sillery, Kabec for the Savages.
The drum is banned among the Christian Savages at Sillery, Kabec as they represent forbidden superstitions. The Jesuit say by giving up the drum they renounce the Devil.
Among the prisoners is little Therese, the seminarist of the Ursulines, is much sought after in marriage, her uncle named Joseph escaped to tell the tail. The Ursuline convent is completed this year. Marie de I’Iincarnation reported they had 48 pupils. It was not uncommon for Frenchmen to convince girls into country marriages and escape into the bush. After all the girls were being educated for marriage to Frenchmen.
The parish Montreal aka Notre Dame de Montreau is established this year.
January 2: A young Savage woman wishes to leave her husband and return to her people. Father de Quen (Dequen) (1603-1659), the masochist, had her seized and thrown into jail, to bring her to her duty. She was without food, fire, or covering, in the mid of winter, this being according to the Father enough to terrorize this poor creature and others.
February: Menou d’Aulnay ordered the arrest of (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) of Acadia for insubordination and perfidious conduct.
February 14: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) to Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695).
April 1: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Nicolet daughter (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) and Marguerite Couillard: married July 11, 1656, Quebec, Jean Baptist Le Gardeur
April 3: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Crevier Metis son (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married November 26, 1663 Trois Rivieres Marguerite Hertel
April 12: Kebec, death (II)-Antoine Brossard b-1639 son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.
April 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Francoise Peltier, Metis died July 17, 1707, Ste. Foye, daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. August 17, 1654, Quebec, Jean Beriau; 2nd marriage October 11, 1655, Quebec, Sebastien Lienard
April 14: An eclipse on the moon occurred this evening in Kebec.
May 17: (I)-Paul de Maisonneuve (1612-1676), a soldier, (I)-Jeanne Mance (1606-1673), (I)-Mme de La Peltrie and other colonists arrived Montreal Island. One group of mystics called the Society of Notre Dame du Montreal (conceived in 1636) desires to establish a holy city in the wilderness. The Jesuits are against the venture, as is the Governor of Kebec. They label the enterprise as foolish. It would appear that (I)-Paul de Maisonneuve (born February 15, 1612 died 1676) is their leader. (Others suggest (I)-Paul Shamaul de Duneneff, a 32 year old soldier is their leader, but I was unable to find any verification of this man being in New France.) They purchase the Island of Montreal (in 1640 by Girard de la Chaussee) for their colony. They have 50 settlers to establish the first Ville-Marie (Montreal) Colony. They would labor for 20 years, but are not successful in maintaining a permanent religious settlement. They slowly drift from this settlement. Source is Jesuit Relations 1642 notes. (some value-adds were provided by Francine Bernier).
May 31: Kebec, birth (II)-Joseph Marsolet, Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre
June 1: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Brossard, died September 22, 1712, Quebec daughter (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: 1st married October 29, 1656 Kebec, Louis Fontaine: 2nd marriage May 2, 1703, Quebec, Jean LeNormand
June 9: Five Frenchmen, only 200 paces from Mont-Real are attacked. Three are beat to death on the spot and two are taken prisoner. They camped near Mont-Real with no fear of being attacked. The next day they crossed the river and 13 Huron are beaten to death. Eight or ten days later one Frenchman escaped to report that a number of French captives are tilling the soil for the Hiroquois (Iroquois).
June/July: Kebec, four ships landed, the Esperance 90 tonnage captain H. Langevin, the Saint Francois 130 tonnage captain J. Barraud, the Saint Nicolas 80 tonnage captain J. Richard and the Saint Pierre 80 tonnage captain G. Fincard.
July 3: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Francois Hertel, died May 31, 1722, Boucherville son (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) (who was captured by the Iroquois) and Marie Marguerie epouse Moral de St. Quentin: married July 3, 1664, Montreal, Marguerite De Thauvenet.
July 16: Kebec, birth (II)-Mathieu Cote, Metis, son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married 1669 Elizabeth Gravelle
June 22: Kabec, marriage Jean Brossier to Marguerite Banse.
August 2: The Jesuits (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646), Brother (I)-Guillaume Couture (Cousture) (1617-1702) and (I)-Rene Goupil (1608-1642), traveling Ste Marie among the Huron to Kabec, are captured by the Iroquois near Trois Rivieres (Quebec) along with twenty-two Wendat. (I)-Rene Goupil, (1608-1642) a young surgeon and companion of (I)-P. Jogues is beaten to death.
August 13: (I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), with 100 men, built Fort Richelieu at the mouth of the Richelieu River to protect against the Iroquois.
September 10: Monsieur d’Alibour (D’Ailleboust), his wife and sister are at Ville-Marie (Montreal). Fort Richelieu is almost abandoned except for 8 or 10 soldiers.
September 29: (I)-Rene Goupil (1608-1742), a prisoner of war, is killed by the Iroquois after being observed making the sign of the cross over a Mohawk (Iroquois) child. Brother (I)-Guillaume Couture (d-1702) and Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1636) are spared and made prisoner, but later escape and flee to France in December 1643.
October: The English at Boston refused to get involved in the civil war in Acadia that was escalating.
October 9: Kebec, death (I)-Jean Nicolet, b-1598 drown near Kebec.
October 12: Kabec, birth (II)-Marguerite Bourdon, Metis, d-1693 Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
October 22: Father (I)-Charles Raymbault (Raimbault, Raymbault) (1602-1642) died this year.
October 29: Sillery, (I)-Jean Nicolet is at Sillery with (I)-Jean Ferre, died October 29, 1642, Kebec and (I)-Noel Girardeau, died October 29, 1642, Kebec.
November: The Atticameges who live 3-4 days to the North of the Saint Lawrence River arrived Sillery, Kabec in 13 canoes with 60 people to trade. They included their entire family, contrary to normal practice.
November 1: (I)-Jean Nicollet de Belleborne (1598-1642) interpreter and agent of the Company of Gentlemen of New France, being unable to swim, drown on his way to Trois Rivieres. He asked Monsieur de Savigny, who could swim, to look after his wife and daughter. He had been in New France for the past 25 years.
November 19: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Millouer dit Du Maine, b-1616 to 1st. Barbe Hubou child of Jean Hubou and Jeanne Goupil, de Du Mesnill Durant; married 2nd November 28, 1651, Quebec, Jeanne Le Roy, b-1626
1643
One marriages, fifteen births and five deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
LISTED AMONG THE FILLE DU ROI IN 1667 ?
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1643), married Pierre Pouillard, October 12, 1667
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1647), married Michel Verret, Michel, dit Laverdure, October 13, 1669 Michel Verret,
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1656), married 1672, Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre, 1672;
Possibility Marie Deschamps is a savague?
Venant Baubrian, Metis b-1643 son Pierre Baubrian b-1620, arrived Kebec 1643 and unknown, most likely a sauvagesse.
Kebec birth (II)-Guillaume Bonhomme, died March 14, 1710 Ste Foye son (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); 1st married October 30, 1664 Quebec Francoise Hachee; 2nd marriage 1704 Marie Therese Piron.
(I)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) served as a soldier at Fort Kebec (1643-1645), it would appear his Indian wife and family are living Trois Riveries.
(I)-Jean Chevalier, b-1629, died August 5, 1699 LaPrairie married 1643 Marguerite Le Normand: one child is recorded (II)-Jeanne Marguerite, b-1644, died November 25, 1716 Riviere Ouelle: married April 5, 1701 la Riviere Ouelle Jean Baptiste Deschamps.
(I)-Jacques De Cheurainville married Marguerite Baudon
(I)-Andre Crevier, a doctor is in Trois Rivieres this year.
(I)-Joseph Debeaune is living Trois Rivieres
Simeon Heron a servant of the Jesuits is at Kabec this year.
Marie Hirouin (Kirwin) a refuge from Scotland arrived Kebec from France in 1643, she returned to Dieppe but returned to Quebec in 1657.
Monsieur (I)-Nicolet, interpreter and agent of the gentlemen of the Company of New France, died in a shipwreck. He spent 25 years (1618-1643) in New France.
(III)-Pierre Martin, Metis b-1643, died October 9, 1713 Ste. Foye son (II)-Pierre Martin de St. Pierre Il d’Oleron and Madeleine Panis (Slave) de La Rochelle.
(I)-Pierre Mignot arrive Kebec this year and resided with the Ursulins seminars for savages until 1647 where he learned French and the gave him the name od dit Chatillon. He later gave them 300 livres.
(I)-Guillaume Tronquet is at Kebec 1643-1646
Ship list of colonists to Kebec in 1643
Guillaume Amette dit Bontemps, b-1608 de Rouen
Urbain Aubin dit Saint Aubin, b-1619 de Rouen
Jean Baudon dit Beloeillet, b-1623 de Lignieres in Berry
Jacques Bauricus, b-1623 de Montauban
Louis Bayard dit Larose, b-1623 de Normandy
Pierre Bonnet, b-1613, de Brouage
Jean Bucheton, b-1622 de Baignon close to Nates
Pierre Campion dit Lamote, b-1613 de Poitiers
Lazare Cauberch dit Champmartin, b-1618 de Saumur
Isaac Cousseau dit Laroche, b-1619 de LaRochelle
Charles Crestien dit Desmarais, b-1605 de Angers
Marc Antoine Galibart dit Colombier, b-1624 de Bordeaux
Jacques Gaynes dit Beauregard de Mortagne in Pole
Rene Gergault, b-1621 de Scaubon
Antoine Geroult dit Laviolette, b-1618 de Freiburg
Pierre Giraud dit Laplante, b-1605 de LaRochelle
Jacques Guesdon b-161617 de Brouage
Jean Hennequin dit Lapointe, b-1593 de Metz
Nicolas Herier, b-1607 de Brouage
Louis of Jard dit Sainte Catherine, b-1603 de LaRochelle
Francois Latour dit Sainte Marie, b-1615 de Nancy
Jean Laurent dit St. Lawrence, b-1621 de LaRochelle
Martin Leroux, b-1591 de Castle de Dormouse
Pierre Lostellier dit Lapree, b-1610 de Cormecluze close to Coze in Saintonage
Isaac Mainvielle b-1613 de Freiburg
Pierre Papinet dit Perodiere, b-1588 de Parthenay in Poitou
David Pariset dit Francoeur, b- 1623 de Lausanna in Switzerland
Forier Peredeau dit Laviolette, b-1618 de Chair the Viscount
Jean Potet dit LaFortune, b-1624 de Lucerne
Nicolas Rouillon dit Pensee, b-1615 de Serras in Lyonnais country
Jacques Roy, b-1611, de Echillais in Saintonge
Andre Savrignac, b-1611 de LaRochelle
Map of New France
New FranceCardinal Mazarin (1643-1661), age 41, assumed Cardinal Richelieu’s position and policies in the governing of France and New France. The Jesuit Father (I)-Leonard Garreau (1609-1656), Father (I)-Gabriel Druilletes (1610-1681), Father (I)-Martin de Lyonne and Father (I)-Noel Chabanel (1613-1649) arrived at Fort Kebec.
The Dutch Governor, Kieft, disliked the Algonquian tribes along the Hudson River. This year, unprovoked, he massacred the peaceful Wecquaesgeek tribe at Pavonia, sparking off a war. The Royal Dutch Company replaced him with Peter Stuyvesant who had a bad temper and autocratic methods.
Eight years ago one could see 80-100 cabins, now we see barely 5-6, a captain had 800 warriors, now 30 or 40, a fleet of 300 to 400 canoes, now we see 20 or 30, the remnants of the Huron Nation now consists almost entirely of women, widows and girls, who cannot find lawful husbands.
At this time, most French households in the French colony of Kebec maintained a six month supply of wheat, rye, peas, barley and other grains necessary to life of man.
(I)- Pierre de Voyer d’Argenson (1612-1660) played a leading role in the newly established Ville-Marie (Montreal, Quebec).
Ville-Marie (Montreal) had grown from 50 people to 70 people by this year.
Fort Amsterdam, New Holland contained 60 soldiers on the Island of Manhttes and their resides about 400 to 500 men of various sects and nations. Forty Hollanders were killed this year and their houses were burned by the savages. New colonists are furnished with horses, cows etc. which they must pay back when they are established, and 10% of their produce to The Company of the West Indies.
New Holland is limited on the north, New England, side by a river called the Fresh River aka. Quinnehtukgut (land of the long tidal river) discovered 1614 by Allen Block, a Dutchman. The English prefer to settle on the Dutch side because the English Milords, extract rents and like to put on airs of being absolute. On the other side to the south has a river called South River aka. Delaware, discovered 1609 by Hendrik Hudson, 1st settled 1623 Fort Nassau (Gloucester, New Jersey). In 1638 a Swedish settlement is established across the Delaware called Fort Christiana (Wilmington, Delaware). The Swedish settlement is being supplied by Amsterdam Merchants much to the consternation of the habitants.
The Savages killed a few Dutch settlers and the Dutch retaliated by savagely killing 50 men, women and even little children. The Savages then retaliated by killing 40 Dutch farmers and burning their houses. The Dutch fielded 600 soldiers who worked in shifts killing 1,600 men, women and children. The Savages were appalled at such barbarianism and were forced to to make peace or be annulated. It is noteworthy that early encounters with the natives suggested that women and children were immune from harm even during times of war.
Louis d’Ailleboust commanded additional colonists to the Island of Montreal settlement and named the settlement Ville-Marie
Roger Williams governor Rhode Island wrote: nasaump is a kind of meale pottage. The English samp is corn, beaten and boiled and eaten hot or cold with milk or butter. The Acadians sweetened it with maple sugar or molasses. The Algonquian called it Narraganset and the Massachusetts called it saupaum both meaning ‘water softened’.
January 1: Kabec, birth, (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis, daughter, (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: married January 9, 1656, Quebec, Rene Chevalier: married January 9, 1656, Quebec, Rebne Chevalier
January 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Barbe Martin, Metis, died October 5, 1660 Chateau Richer, daughter of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611? see 1624 1609 & 1610; married January 12, 1655, Kebec, Pierre Biron
January 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Duquet, died October 13, 1687, Quebec son (I)-Denis Duquet (1605-1675) and Catherine Gautier, b-1627: Married August 25, 1666, Quebec, Anne LaMarre.
February 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Belanger daughter (I)-Francis Belanger b-1612 and (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696): married August 7, 1656 Kebec, Bertrand Chesne dit Lagarenne Sieur de Lothainville
March 27: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Charles Gareman son (I)-Pierre Gareman dit Garnier (in 1666 census) and Madeleine Charlot: married 1676, Marie Gonnentenne, Quebec Rene Mezeray.
April 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Sedilot daughter (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married October 23, 1651, Kebec, Jean Chenier: married 1st April 12, 1655, Montreal, Jean Aubuchon; married 2nd February 10, 1687Montreal Pierre Lusseau..
April 8: Kebec, birth (II)-Renee Gagnon, son (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620. married Quebec, Jean Ouimet
April 25, Trois Rivieres, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Godfroy, child of (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, (1608-1681) and Marie Le Neuf b-1612-1688);
May 1: Kebec, birth (III)-Jean Boucher son (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1626 and Florence Gareman, b-1629
May 3: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Gagnon, died October 27, 1699 Chateau Richer, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695). Marriage Quebec, Marguerite Racine.
May 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Madeleine De Chavigny daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married July 26, 1656, Quebec, Thomas Douaire Bondy: 2nd marriage November 19, 1671, Quebec, Jacques Alexis De Fleury.
May 31: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Maheu, died 1674 son (I)-Jacques Maheu, d-1663 and Anne Convent, epouse 1627, France (I)-Philippe Amiot and epouse September 10, 1666 Quebec, Etienne Blanchon: 1st married July 16, 1663, Quebec Marguerite Corriveau: 2nd marriage September 18, 1673 Chateau Richer, Mathurine Belanger.
June: (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) blockaded La Tour’s fort on the mouth of the St. John River. (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) received help from Boston and drove (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) ship back to Port Royal where it was beached in panic. A pinnace with 400 moose hides and a like number of beaver is captured from (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) and used to pay for the Boston help.
June 9: Montreal, death Bernard Berte de Lyon, killed by the Iroquois along with (I)-Guillaume Boissier and Laforest
June 22: Kebec, marriage Jean Brossier to Marguerite Banse
June 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Gagnon, daughter (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695).
July 21: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Jean Rousseau de Paris is killed by a discharge of a gun, he arrived Kebec 1636.
August: Kabec, Admiral Courpon led a fleet of 4 ships having lost a 5th on at sea. The Esperance at 90 tonnage Admiral S. Courpon of the Tour, the Saint Francois at 130 tonnage captain J. Barraud, the Madeleine at 80 tonnage captain J. Jouet, the Marie at 86 tonnage captain P. Metifeu, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage that arrived with supplies for Ville-Marie (Montreal).
September 20: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Boissel daughter (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697): 1st married October 6, 1657 Etienne Bouchard: 2nd marriage January 7, 1687, Quebec, Julien Joyan.
October 19: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Drouin, died October 4, 1710, Chateau Richer daughter (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) to (II)-Anne Cloutier, died February 3, 1648, Kebec: married April 24, 1656, Quebec, Romain De Trepagny
November 21: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Leblanc, b-1620 to Euphrasie Madeleine Nicolet, b-1636: epouse February 22, 1663, Quebec, Elie Dusceau
November 29: Kebec, death Marguerite Lesage wife of (I)-Nicolas Pivert long time residents Kebec from before 1624.
December 26: Kebec, birth (II)-Noel Racine, Metis, son of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married September 12, 1667, Chateau Richer, Marguerite Gravelle.
1644
Four marriages, ten births and nine deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(II)-Marie Archambault, (Metis?) b-1644, daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married November 27, 1656, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Gilles Lauzon. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
Kebec, birth (II)-Alexander Brossard, died January 14, 1688 Ste Famille son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.
(I)-Martin Duclos a soldat is at Kebec.
Jean Juchereau de la Ferte son Jean Junchereau seignereau du Maure married Marie Francoise, age 11 years, 5 months daughter sieur Giffard.
(I)-Jean Poisson married likely Kebec Jacqueline Chamboy b-1628, epouse Michel Pelletier de le Prade
Rhode Islanders proposed that unity can be achieved by adopting a common principle of religious liberty. Roger Williams of Rhode Island pushed this principle to the point of heresy among the Puritans when he proclaimed that maybe the Indian religion is equally acceptable to God as with Christianity.
Father d’Endemare wrote: It is almost impossible to make either peace or war with these barbarians (Iroquois). Not peace because war is their life, their amusement, and their source of profit all in one. Not in war because they make themselves invisible to those who seek them and only show themselves when they have heavy odds in their favor. Go to hunt them in their villages and they fade into the forest.
The Jesuits believed the Huron (Wendat) represented the door to the west, as far as China, that is full of Nations more populous than the Huron. Towards the south, we see other Peoples beyond number, to whom we can access only by means of this door at which we now stand.
Father (I)-Jacques Buteux (1600-1652) noted that the Captains of the Savages are very poorly obeyed by their People, because they use no violence. He encouraged them to use sticks on their backs.
Father (I)-Jacques Buteux (1600-1652) ordered the public beating of a Savage for beating his wife for an act of disobedience. The Jesuit appear unaware that violence begets violence.
An overly zealous neophyte, at Tadoussac, who shaves his head like the Jesuit, uses a whip of rope to beat the people to prayer, if they do not respond fast enough.
Madame de la Peltrie journied to Tadoussac to wintess the brutalities.
Father Ignace, a Jesuit responsible for the Mission at Tadoussac, represents the most infamous of the Black Robes. He believed that guided by the Holy Ghost, flagellation and whipping, as a penance, is to be inflected upon the Savages. The good Father provided the whip and the little children are stripped naked, before the alter of God, to receive up to twenty five blows for their transgressions. Some children were still at the breast. Some mothers used their rosaries to beat the children. The Jesuit considered this perverted practice as a Holy Ceremony. It is noteworthy that before the Jesuit arrived an Indian never raised a hand to any child, for any reason and the men offered themselves, for punishment, threatened against a French boy. This perverted European practice is surely the work of the Devil and a clear indication that the Jesuit walk in the Darkness. It is noteworth that a religious Nun in 2002 in Canada received 8 months in prison for doing the same things as Father Ignace. Father (I)-Jean De Quen (Dequen) (1603-1659) preceded Father Ignace and condoned the practice, Father (I)-Jacques Buteus (1600-1652) preceded Father (I)-Jean De Quen and also approved of this type of brutality. The fact that it was published suggests this was a common practice.
Queen Mother Anne of Austria responded to the appeals of the Society of Montreal and sent 60 soldiers to deal with the Iroquois problem.
January: marriage, Kebec, (I)-Martin Prevost, b-1611, died January 26, 1691 to Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620 daughter Roch Manitouabewich and Outchibaha Manikoue, 2nd marriage November 8, 1665 (II)-Marie D’Abancour, b-1618, veuve de Godfroy Guillot.
February 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Cote, Metis, son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: 1st married November 11, 1669, Kebec, Anne Couture: 2nd marriage February 25, 1686, Kebec, Genevieve Verdon.
March 19: Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Peltier daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married January 29, 1659, Quebec Noel Jeremie.
March 30: (I)-Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve and 30 settlers repelled a large war party of Iroquois intent on taking Ville-Marie (Montreal). (I)-Guillaume Lebeau died this day killed by the Iroquois, as was Pierre Bigot and Jean Mattemasse
April 11, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jeanne Godfroy, died June 28, 1713, Quebec daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie LeNeuf b-1612-1688);
April 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Boucher daughter (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married November 6, 1656 Kebec, Charles Godin
April 29: Father (I)-Francesco Gioseppi Bressani (1612-1672) is captured by the Iroquois near Fort Richelieu, at the mouth of the Richelieu River, but escaped and returned to France in November 15.
May 1: Kebec, marriage (I)-Masse Joseph Gravelle (1616-1686) to Marguerite Tavernier (1627-1697)
May 5: Kabec, birth Charles Brossier son Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.
May 15: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Masse to (II)-Marie Pinel De La Chenaire
May 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Cesar Leger and 1st marriage Roberte Gadois; 2nd marriage August 26, 1647, Kebec Marguerite Berard.
June: Kabec, five ships arrived, the Dauphin at 200 tonnage captain Baudouin, the Saint Clement at 120 tonnage captain J. Guyonneau, the Vierge at 120 tonnage captain H. Bourget, an unnamed ship admiral Courdon and the Nortre Dame at 250 tonnage for Ville-Marie (Montreal).
June 4: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Jolliet child (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) and Marie D’Abancour dite La Caille
July 25: Kebec, birth (III)-Catherine Sevestre, died January 24, 1670, Quebec daughter (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec.
July 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Martin Etienne, Metis, died September 10, 1644, Kebec son (I)-Claude Etienne b-1610 and (II)-Helena Martin, Metis b-1627, epouse September 3, 1647, Kebec, Jean Chouard
August 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Marsolet, Metis, daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1601-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married September 4, 1662, Quebec, Michel Guyon
August 29: Kabec, birth (II)-Anne Bourdon, Metis, died November 4, 1711 Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
September 7: Twenty two soldiers are dispatched to the Huron Country for one season.
October 8: Hotel Dieu is opened at Ville-Marie (Montreal) by Jeanne Mance.
October 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Sedilot daughter (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married 1st, August 16, 1660, Quebec, Julien Trotier; married 2nd, Rene Blanchet
November 3: Kebec, marriage (I)-Martin Prevost, b-1611, died January 26, 1691 Beauport to Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665), daughter Roch Manitouabewich and Huron wife and was the adopted child of (I)-Oliver Tardif (Letardif) (1601-1665) and was living with (I)-Guillaume Hubou and Marie Rollet, veuve (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627). Others suggest the marriage was January 3, 1644 and the witness were (I)-Oliver Letardiff (1601-1665) and (I)-Quillaume Couillard, d-1663. Prevost second marriage November 8, 1665, Quebec (II)-Marie D’Arancour, b-1618, Veuve October 9, 1639, Kebec, Jean Jolet and veuve October 19, 1651, Kebec, de Godfroy Guillot dit Lavalet. (II)-Marie was daughter (I)-Adrien D’Abancour, dit Lacaille and Simone D’Orgeville, b-1589, died January 14, 1649. Some suggest this was the first ‘recorded’ marriage between a Frenchman and a savage.
1645
Four marriages, ten births and one death are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Ambroise Cauvert, A Jesuit lay brother is at Kebec this year.
(I)-Charles Chevalier a surgeon, is resident in 1645 at Trois Rivieres, married a sauvagesse?, but not named. One child is recorded (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis, married Quebec, November 4, 1659, Quebec, (II)-Pierre Pinguet, b-1630, died April 22, 1704 Ste. Foye, Quebec.
(I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers, (1618/21-1696), worked for the Jesuits (1645-1646) at Ste Marie in Huronia.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Crevier Metis daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; 1st married May 14, 1757 Trois Rivieres Jacques Fournier; 2nd marriage 1663 Michel Gamelin; 3rd marriage August 21, 1683 Boucherville Francois Renou
(I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 married about 1645, likely Trois Rivieres, marriage is to Jeanne Aunois aka (Nounau?), of the Indian Nation, (Algonquaine?) b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres.
(I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie b-1606 Governor Trois Rivieres (1645-1648) and (1650-1651)
(I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) married likely 1645 Trois Rivieres to (II)-Jeanne Mechin, Metis b-1630 likely daughter (I)-Jean Mechin drown November 6, 1626 on his way to Trois Rivieres and unknown mother likely Indian or Metis..
New France only contained 600 residents and a few hundred engages (indentured slaves). In comparison, this is smaller than a single large Iroquois village. The New France culture, the grand utopian plan of Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642), just did not appeal to the French citizens. Freedom was not an option that the Roman Catholic Church was willing to offer.
Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653) forbade the Algonquin and Wendat to torture their Iroquois prisoners because they would be disgraced to be outdone in clemency. Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1636-48) is recalled to France as the colonists and Maisonneuve of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) are not pleased with his governorship. (I)-Louis d’Ailleboust, seigneur de Coulonge et d’Argenteny (born about 1612 Ancy-le-Franc, France died 1660 Ville-Marie (Montreal) became temporary Governor of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) (1645-1646).
(I)-Francois Marguerie, an interpreter, married and settled down at Trois Rivieres. Later, (I)-Jean Amyot and (I)-Francois Marguerie are crossing the St. Lawrence River near their homes and are caught in a storm. Marquerie drown. (I)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) also settled at Trois Rivieres with his Indian girl and likely his Metis children..
The Hiroquois were on the Saint Lawrence River on a foray when Simon Pieskaret, a Captain of the Algonquin perceived them, he prepared an ambuscade and captured them, turning them as prisoners to the French.
January 23: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Brossard daughter (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: married March 4, 1658, Quebec, Jean Lemelin.
January 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Lafond, (1615-1665) to (II)-Marie Boucher, d-1706.
January 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Pepin, Sieur De Lafond b-1615, died September 15, 1665 Trois Riviers; married (II)-Marie Boucher (1630-1706) daughter (I)-Gaspard Boucher
February: (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) received word from two Friars that La Tour’s fort was only defended by 50 men. He lost no time in attacking the fort but on first encounter lost 20 men with 13 wounded before he withdrew.
February 6: Kebec, marriage (I)-Claude L’Archeveque to Marie Simon
February 12: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Gagnon, daughter (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620. married November 16, 1661, Chateau Richer, Jean Caron
March 6: The Company of New France agreed to assign its fur trade monopoly to the Kabec based Compagnie des Habirants or Habitants Company. Fifteen businessmen, frustrated with the Jesuit control of trading, created the Compagne des Habitants, (Habitants Company) reserving its rights of ownership over all fur trade of New France. The Jesuits suggest the onerous cost of settlement caused the transfer of the Company of New France to the Habitants of New France, but that they retained their seigniorial rights. It is noteworthy that the peasants, servants and slaves were not called inhabitants until the late 17th century. The French colony established a Canadian Company (Community of the Habitants of New France) to restore the fur trade and finally received the blessing of the Jesuit. An overriding royalty of 1,000 pounds of fur is to be paid annually to the old company. Over sixty Wendat (Huron) boat loads of furs arrived at the mission of the Mountain of Montreal, and, in 1646, this increased to eighty boats with thirty two thousand pounds of beaver pelts. At this time, the whole St. Lawrence valley contained only six hundred registered French and a few hundred engages. This is smaller than one large Native village. France, at this time, is still not encouraging immigration to New France. The Crown, however, sent engages or indentured workmen, bound for thirty-six months before they could became free. More than half of the several hundred engages who arrived each year over the next ten years would stay on in the colony. Many would escape their indenture by becoming Coureurs des Bois.
March 7: Quebec, birth, (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: 1st married November 6, 1662, Quebec, Louis Cote; 2nd marriage December 15, 1669, Quebec, Guillaume Lemieux.
March 23: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, daughter of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?, see 1624, 1609-1610; married November 12, 1658, Quebec, Jacques Rate
April: After years of blockades and sporadic fighting, (I)-Menou d’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) of France attacked (II)-Charles de LaTour’s (1595-1665) French stronghold of Fort Sainte Marie at St. John, New Brunswick. LaTour was in Boston seeking help, so his wife since 1640 (I)-Francoise Marie Jacquelin (1602-1645) with 45 men held the Fort for three days against the attacking army of 200 men. A Swiss guard was bribed and (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) army gained access to the fort. The advancing army however lost 12 killed and numerous wounded. Francoise agreed to surrender the fort under condition the garrison would be spared. Sieur Charnisay (1604-1650) agreed to the terms but upon possession he executed all the men except one who agreed to be the executioner. (I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650), went down in the annals of Acadia as a villain. Francoise being deceived and heart broken at the slaughter of her people died in a few short weeks. It is noteworthy that Charnisay was a cousin of (I)-Isaac de Razilly (1587-1636). This civil war effectively ruined both men and Charnisay was labeled as being hard, cruel and incapable of pity. He lost all his friends in France. He admitted taking 55,000 $ of worth of furs and probably got her personal 2,000 pounds. (I)-Charles D’Aulnay (1604-1650) also had the decency of sending her baby back to France after her death. Ironically (II)-Charles de LaTour’s (1595-1665) would marry his widow after (I)-Charles D’Aulnay (1604-1650) death.
April 13: (I)-Francoise Marie Jacquelin (1602-1645) surrendered Fort Sainte Marie at St. John, New Brunswick, and Menou d’Aulnay, an arrogant man, of France hanged most of the surviving Frenchmen. Mme La Tour died soon afterwards. (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) of Acadia, by 1646, became a fur trader in Kabec; likely a Coureurs des Boise.
May 2: Sillery, birth (II)-Denis Masse son (I)-Pierre Masse & (II)-Marie Pinel De La Chenaire; married 1672 Catherine Pinel
June 5: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Michel Dodier son (I)-Sebastin Dodier and Marie Bonhomme
July 14: Peace is arranged by the arrogant Kiotsaton of the Iroquois, and the French and her allies by (I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653).
July 20, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Joseph Godfroy, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie LeNeuf b-1612-1688); married October 21, Trois Rivieres Catherine Poulain
August 5: Kabec, five ships arrived the Cardinal at 300 tonnage, the Saint Sauveur at 150 tonnage captain Jean Paul Godefroy, two unnamed ships and the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage for Ville-Marie (Montreal) captain Charles Le Gardeur def Tilly.
August 7: Kebec, death (I)-Jacques Boisseau, b-1630
August 9: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Joseph Fafard son (I)-Bertrand Fafard dit Laframboise, b-1620, died November 3, 1660, Trois Rivieres and Marie Sedilot, b-1627, epouse February 16, 1681, Trois Rivieres, Rene Benard
August 29: Kebec, birth (II)-Joseph Giffard d-1706 son (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668) and Marie Renocard b-1659; married October 22, 1663 Quebec Michelle Therese Nau
August 29, the Journal of the Jesuits noted:
“Those who returned this year from the Hurons were Pierrot Cochon, Gilles Bacon, Daniel Carteron, Jean Le Mercier des Groseillers, Racine & Eustache Lambert who was a donne and had to go back & in fact he went back with the above said named; & in addition he was in charge of two calves”.
September: (I)-Pierre Pijart, Jesuit is at Trois Rivieres
September 2: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Hertel daughter (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) (who was captured by the Iroquois) and Marie Marguerie epouse Moral de St. Quentin: married October 29, 1658, Trois Rivieres, Louis Pinar
September 7: The 22 soldiers from the Huron Country returned with 60 Huron Canoes, laden with beaver. Most if not all soldiers are involved in the fur trade.
September 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Louis Jolliet son (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) and Marie D’Abancour dite La Caille: married October 7, 1675, Quebec, Claire Francoise Bissot.
October: Nicolas Giffar is working among the Huron for the Jesuit since 1641. He agreed this year to work with Master Zacharie, a carpenter, for the next 5 years and both profit in beaver.
October: Kebec, marriage (I)-Rene Mezeray aka Mezler, (1611-1695) to 1st September 25, 1641, Kebec, Helene Chastel; 2nd marriage 1645 Francoise Milot, died April 5, 1703, Pointe aux Trembles, espouse September 30, 1697, Quebec, Leonard Durord dit Lajeunesse; 3rd marriage October, 1645 Kebec, (II)-Nicole Gareman..
October 10: Kebec, marrage (II)-Nicole Madeleine Gareman son of (I)-Pierre Gareman aka Garnier and Madeleine Charlot: married Rene Mezeray
October 10: Kebec, marriage Rene Mezeray to (II)-Nicole Madeleine Gareman b-1631 Kebec? daughter (I)-Pierre Gareman dit Garnier (in 1666 census) and Madeleine Charlot:
October 17: Chrestiennaut was sent to Trois Rivieres in the employ of the Jesuits. He had come to New France in the employ of Monsieur de Repentigny and was discontented, so he had resolved to retreat to the woods rather than go back to France. He was not under written contract.
October 26: Kebec, marriage (I)-Francois Marguerie d-1648 married (II)Louise Clotier (Cloutier) the daughter of Master (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, b-1631 and Xainte Dupont(1596-1677): epouse November 10, 1648, Kebec Jean Mignot.
October 26: Chateau Richer, marriage (II)-Louise Cloutier, b-1621, died June 22, 1699, Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680): 1st married October 26, 1645 Chateau Richer, Francois Marguerie: 2nd marriage November 10, 1648, Kebec, Jean Migot: 3rd marriage February 3, 1684, Chateau Richer, Jean Mataut
October 29: Five vessels departed New France with 20,000 pounds weight beaver skins for the habitants and 10,000 for the General Company.
November: Wood is being sold for the first time in Kebec.
November 7, Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Delaunay, b-1616 died November 28. 1654 killed by the Iroquois, and (II)-Francoise Pinguet, d-1661, daughter (I)-Louis Henri Pinguet (1588-1671) and Louise Bouche, d-1649; epouse February 8, 1655 Vincent Poirier, .
November 7: Monsieur (I)-Pierre Delaunay, b-1616, who arrived Kebec 1636 married (II)-Francoise Piguet (Pinguent) daughter (I)-Louis Henri Pinguet (1588-1671) and Louise Bouche, d-1649; 2nd marriage of (II)-Francoise Piguet (Pinguent) February 8, 1655, Quebec, Vincent Pierre.
November 7: Kebec, marriage Pierre Launay (1645-1654) to (II)-Francoise Bouchier (1625-1661) daughter (I)-Louis Henry Pinguet (1590-1671) and (I)-Louise Lousche Boucher b-1589; 2nd marriage of Francoise 1655 Vincent Poirier
November 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Fransoise Duquet, died September 15, 1719, Quebec daughter (I)-Denis Duquet (1605-1675) and Catherine Gautier, b-1627: 1st married January 19, 1660, Quebec, Jean Madry: 2nd marriage September 14, 1670, Quebec, Oliver Morel De La Durantaye
November 12: Kebec, marriage Nicolas Macard married Marguerite espouse Jean Nicolet the explorer.
November 15: A notice is posed at Trois Rivieres that no one is to trade with the savages. The Jesuit at Kebec are concerned it might apply to them also.
November 15: Vimont obtains des Chastelets’s consent that the prohibition of trade with the Indians does not apply to the Jesuit fur trade, but they are told they must carry it out quietly.
November 21: The vessel that operates between Kebec and Trois Rivieres was wrecked this year with a loss of 9 men. Much of the cargo was saved.
November 21: Kebec: marriage (II)-Jean Juchereau De La Ferte, d-1685 to (II)-Marie Francoise Giffard, died August 11, 1665, Quebec daughter (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599:
November 23: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Belanger, died January 22, 1703 Quebec, daughter (I)-Francis Belanger b-1612 and (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696): 1st married November 19, 1663 Chateau Richer, Antoine Berton dit Chatillon: 2nd marriage December 13, 1666 Chateau Richer, Louis Levasseur
November 27: Kebec, marriage (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson, b-1620, died January 14, 1692/94, Chateau Richer son of (I)-Jean Gui (Guyon), d-1663 and Mathureine Robin, d-1662: married (II)-Elizabeth Couillard, born February 9, 1631, Kebec, died April 5, 1704 Chateau Richer, daughter (II)-Guillaume Couillard, and (II)-Guillemette Herbert;
1646
Four marriages, sixteen births and 15 deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Guillaume Couture (Cousture) (1617-1702) is believed to have country married an Iroquois woman during his captivity but proof is lacking.
Michel Blanot dit Lafontaine married (I)-Elizabeth De Lugny, b-1627
(II)-Marie Lefebvre, Metis, likely born 1646, Trois Riviers or in the wild, daughter (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married Andre Martel.
Kebec, birth (II)-Jacquess Boissel, died June 2, 1674, Quebec, son (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697)
(I)-Charles Drouillar, a farmer arrived Kebec
Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Gagnon, died August 10, 1687 Ste. Anne, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695). married 1669 Chateau Richer, Barbe Fortin
Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Poulain, daughter (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) and Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687): married Pierre Mauffis.
(II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis (1640-1710) was often in Trois-Rivieres and is considered a true Coureur des Bois. He married at least three times, one being Elizabeth Hainault, 1656, Trois Rivieres, daughter Madeleine Hainault; another one being the daughter of one of the Kirke Brothers, John Kirke, in England. He likely had many country wives during his long life in the country. He had at least 9 known children and became a citizen of England in 1687. (See Radisson 1631)
Peace, Union, and concord have flourished this year in the Island of Montreal.
During a religious procession, one’s profession represented their social standing in the following order: carpenters, masons, sailors, toolmakers, brewers and bakers, naturally the clergy are first.
The Superstitions and the Sorcerers (medicine men or sometimes those not Christian) are banished from Saint Joseph at Sillery, Kabec.
Jesuit (I)-Father Gabriel Lalemant (1610-1649) arrived in Fort Kabec. (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseillier (1618-1696?) had become a disciple of the Jesuit fathers and is serving as a lay assistant at their Wendat (Huron) mission near Georgian Bay.
Free-traders are again threatening the viability of the General Company of New France. The King of France decreed that all trade goods shall be placed in the public stores and consigned by the Company merchants. Public stores shall be located at Fort Kabec, Trois Rivieres and Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal). Any goods imported and used as trade goods are subject to confiscation and the revoking and annulling of all passports. Trading of wine and brandy with the Indians is under penalty of corporal punishment.
(II)-Charles La Tour, (1595-1665) visited Kebec to a hero’s welcome, he had lost but won the hearts of the people and this was not lost on France.
(I)-Guillaume Couture (1617-1702) , judge of the Cote Lauzon, and faithful companion of P. Jogues. In 1646 at Trois Riveres made a feast for the sauvage P. Jhandich an Iroquois. He was given the name Acrika by Mr Nicolet to the joy of the Huron, Algonquins and Aunieonous.
Those who returned from the interior, Huronia, to Trois Rivieres this year are:
Pierrot Cochon (Cauchon)
(I)-Gilles Bacon, d-1654, married 1647 Kebec, Marie Tavernier, b-1632
Daniel Carteron
Jean Le Mercier
(I)-Desgrosillers – (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618-1696)
(I)-Racine – likely (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607, married May 22, 1638 Kebec, (II)-Marguerite Martin, born January 4, 1624, Kebec, d-1679.
(I)-Eustache Lambert (1618-1673), married about 1656 Marie Laurence (1632-1686)
January 14: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean L’Archeveque, died April 6, 1699, Quebec son (I)-Claude L’Archeveque and Marie Simon
January 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve De Chavigny, died April 21, 1724, Quebec, daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married May 2, 1660, Quebec, Charles Amiot: 2nd marriage October 23, 1680, Quebec, Jean Baptiste Couillard
February 1: Father (I)-Anne de Noue (1587-1646), a Jesuit of noble birth, left Trois Rivieres for Fort Richelieu, about 40 miles away, but lost his way, just outside the Fort and perished in the snow. He was not properly dressed, had no blanket or matches and ventured out in the middle of the night without a Savage guide. The balance of his party arrived next day at Fort Richelieu and went in search of the good Father.
March 17: Kebec, birth (III)-Elizabeth Boucher, died September 24, 1685, Quebec, daughter (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1626 and Florence Gareman, b-1629: married October 21, 1659, Quebec, Denis Guyon
April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Peltier, died December 17, 1717, Quebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. November 5, 1663, Quebec, Vincent Verdon; 2nd marriage Thomas Lefebvre.
May 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Noel Cote, Metis, son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married Helene Graton
April 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jacques Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin, Metis b-1630; married November 16, 1671 Trois Rivieres, Jeanne Caiet
May 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean LaFond son (I)-Etienne LaFond, (1615-1665) and (II)-Marie Boucher, d-1706: 1st marriage Catherine Senecal: 2nd marriage August 28, 1697, Batiscan, Catherine Ananontha.
June 11: Beauport, was made the separation of two sharecropper farmers of the Jesuit lands at Beauport but (I)-Thomas Hayot stayed by agreement.
June 18: Kebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Martin dit Montpellier, d-1659 to (III)-Denise Sevestre, b-1628, died December 14, 1700 Quebec, daughter (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec: (III)-Denise 2nd marriage August 4, 1659, Quebec, Phillippe Hepveu.
July: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptist Trotter, died May 24, 1703, Batiscan, son (I)-Jules Gilles Trotter, b-1691, died May 10, 1655, Trois Rivieres and Catherine Loiseau, b-1596, died January 25, 1656, Trois Rivieres.
July 8: Charite (1641-1646), a Savage, is buried at the French cemetery, where her father is buried, implying she is a Metis.
July 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Racine Metis, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married November 22, 1661, Chateau Richer, Noel Symar.
September/October: Four ships arrived Kebec, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage captain Pierre Legardeur de Repentigny, the Saint Sauveur or Neuf at 150 tonnage captain Paul Godefroy, the Petit Saint Christrophe at 50 tonnage captain I. Richard and the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage for Montreal captain Charles Legardear de Tilly.
September: Kebec (I)-Pierre Deschamps, b-1615, died October 2, 1695 Baliscan arrived Kebec.
September 24: Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646) and (I)-Jean De La Lande d-1646, a Jesuit woodsman, set out on another peace mission. They are abandoned by their Huron guard at Fort Richelieu. Not taking the hint, they press on and are taken prisoner by the Iroquois.
September 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married 1st. April 30, 1652 Mathieu D’Amours? married Francois Guyon..
September 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Trottier, died May 25, 1703, Batiscan son (I)-Jules Trotier (1590-1655) and Catherine Loyseau, d-1663.
October 3: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Paul Godfroy to (II)-Marie Madeleine Le Gardeur daughter (I)-Pierre Le Gardeur De Repentigny, lieut. goverueur, d-1675 and Marie Favery, died September 20, 1675 Kebec
October 18: Quebec, birth, (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec:
October 18: Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646) is put to death, and on October 19, (I)- Jean De La Lande d-1646, a Jesuit woodsman, is put to death by the Mohawk, claiming the Jesuit sorcery tainted their corn crops and the spread of smallpox. The Wendat prisoners in the camp confirm their sorcery. The Iroquois believed that the French intended to destroy the Iroquois as well as the Wendat. It is noteworthy that the Roman Church considered sorcery justifiable grounds for execution during this period.
October 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Goulet, died December 14, 1646, Kebec, daughter (I)-Jacques Goulet (1615-1688) (who worked at the mill of Mr. Deschatelets) and Marguerite Maillier b-1631
November 4: Kebec, birth Marguerite Brossier died November 18, 1646 Kebec daughter Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse
November 6: (I)-Jean Mechin drown on his way to Trois Rivieres and is likely the father of Jeanne Mechin b-1630 who married 1645 Trois Riviers (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne b-1607 who arrived Trois Riviers 1633-1634?
November 6: Trois Rivieres, boat hit a tree and sunk. Ten men died:
(I)-Jean Basque – (I)-Jean Fleury – (I)-Jean Fougereau – (I)-Jean Mechin – (I)-Jacques Arenaine de Tours – (I)-Guillaume La Sue – (I)-Jacques Cleque – (I)-Lafontaine – (I)-Goualt – (I)-Gaspard.
November 6: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Francois Gaspard Gouault arrived Kebec for Trois Rivieres.
November 12: Kebec, marriage (I)-Nicolas Macard dit Champagne, d-1659 to (II)-Marguerite Couillard, died April 20, 1705 Quebec, veuve Jean Nicolet
November 13: Two Frenchmen from Ville-Marie (Montreal) are carried away by the barbarian Iroquois.
November 18: Kabec, birth Marguerite Brossier, died November 18, 1646, Kebec, daughter Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.
November 20: Kebec, birth (III)-Charles Sevestre, died April 9, 1661, drowned, Montreal, son (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec.
November 25: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Jean Veron de Grandmenil du Bourg de Livaro, en Normandie to (II)-Marguerite Hayet dit Radisson, b-1632 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Radisson de St. Malo and Madeleine Heraut: Marguerite epouse August 24, 1653, Quebec, (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/21-1696) and (II)-Helene Martin. (II)-Marguerite Radisson was living with (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot (1608-1681) prior to this date. She is said to have two half sisters (II)-Francoise Radisson, b-1636, Elizabeth Radisson, b-1638 and one half brother, (II)-Pierre Radisson, b-1636, living in New France at this time.
1647
Fifteen marriages, nineteen births and eleven deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
LISTED AMONG THE FILLE DU ROI IN 1667 ?
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1643), married Pierre Pouillard, October 12, 1667
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1647), married Michel Verret, Michel, dit Laverdure, October 13, 1669 Michel Verret,
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1656), married 1672, Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre, 1672;
Possibility Marie Deschamps is a savague?
Port Royal, birth (II)-Martin Blanchard b-1647 Metis son (I)-Jean Blanchard b-1611and (II)-Radegonde Joy Lambert b-1621/1629 (Metis). d-1686, daughter (I)-Jean Antoine Lambert and Marie Radegonde Kagijonais a MicMac; married 1671 Marie Francoise Leblanc b-1653
Kebec birth (II)-Ignace Bonhomme, died April 22, 1711 Quebec son (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); married 1st January 12, 1671 Quebec Agnas Morin; 2nd marriage 1690 Anne Poirier
(I)-Mathieu Choret, died March 28, 1664, Quebec, married Sebastienne Veillon, b-1626, spouse August 25, 1664, Quebec, Pierre Aufroy
Nicolas Garnier, d-1646, Kebec is at Trois Rivieres this year.
Kebec, birth (II)-Francois Peltier son (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. about 1660 Quebec Dorothee La Sauvagesse, died April 13, 1661, Quebec; 2nd marriage September 26, 1661 Marguerite Mousseau
Kebec, marriage Julien Perrault to (II)-Marie Pelletier, daughter (I)-Guillaume Pelletier, b-1598 died November 28, 1657, Kebec and Michelle Morille (Mabile) (1592-1665)
(I)-Louis Prud’Homme, a bigamous, married 1647, Quebec to Anne Archambault, annulled 1651 as had wife in France. Not listed Tanguay.
La Prairie a seigniorial near Montreal was conceded to the Jesuits.
Father Ragueneau, a Jesuit, believes they have been too severe towards the Wendat: One must be very careful before condemning a thousand things among their customs, which greatly offend minds brought up and nourished in another world. It is easy to call irreligion what is merely stupidity and to take for diabolical working something that is nothing more than human, and then one thinks he is obliged to forbid as impious certain things that are done in all innocence or, at most, are silly but not criminal customs. This was certainly not the attitude of the other Jesuits. It is noteworthy that the Wendat found little in the Christian way of life that appealed to them over their own religion. The Jesuits attacked their most fundamental belief of freedom. They attempted to undermine the centuries old religious beliefs of the Indians, thereby destroying their culture. The French hold their religious beliefs and cultural beliefs as two separate things; the Wendat held them as one.
Only six Huron (Wendat) arrived Ville-Marie (Montreal) to trade due to fear of the Iroquois who are roaming the country.
A Frenchman, named Chastillon, urgently desires to marry an Indian girl educated by the Ursulines but she rejects him as she prefers a husband of her own people, following the wishes of her parents.
(I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) died and not a friend could be found to speak well of him. The words used to describe him were rapacity, cruelty and tyranny. (II)-Charles La Tour ventured to France and cleared his name and became absolute monarch of Acadia. Upon his return he married the widow of (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) to secure his position.
The assassination of Piescaret an Algonquin chief, marked the decline of the Algonquin and Huron territory. The Iroquois reigned supreme in the greater part of known Canada until 1665.
January 7: Kebec birth Nicolas Hebert Aubert died May 14, 1657 Quebec
January 12: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jacques Lefebvre, Metis, died February 19, 1720, La Baie du Febvre son (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married November 11, 1670 Trois Rivieres
January 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Sedilot son (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married November 27, 1669, Quebec, Marie De La Hogue.
February 2: Kabec, birth (II)-Jean Francois Bourdon, Metis, son (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
February 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Drouin, daughter (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) to (II)-Anne Cloutier, died February 3, 1648, Kebec: married November 10, 1659, Quebec, Pierre Maheu
February 7: Kebec, birth Antoine Brossier died February 26, 1649 Kebec son Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse
February 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Gravelle, died September 29, 1677, Chateau Richer, son (I)-Masse Joseph Gravelle (1616-1686) and Marguerite Tavernier (1627-1697): married Madeleine Cloutier.
February 17: Kebec, birth (II)-Charlotte De Chavigny daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married November 6, 1668, Quebec, Renee Breton: 2nd marriage September 2, 1709. Quebec, Jean Girou
March: Beer is brewed for the first time at Sillery, Kabec.
March 4: Kebec, marriage, (I)-Julien Petau to Marie Peltier.
March 11: The Saint Lawrence River ice begins to melt at the end of a ‘winterless winter’.
March 27: By Royal decree, the Council of Quebec was created, comprised of the Governor of New France, Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal) and the Jesuit Superior.
May 2: Kebec, marriage (I)-Gilles Bacon d-1654 Kebec to Marie Tavernier b-1632
May 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Guillaume Boucher son (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married November 21, 1672 Chateau Richer Marguerite Thibaut.
May 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Couillard, Metis, died May 8, 1715, St. Etienne de Beaumont, son (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); 1st married January 10, 1668 Kebec, Marie Pasquier (1640-1685): 2nd marriage Louise Couture,
June 25: The first horse arrived in Quebec from France and the Natives called it the French moose. The horse imported as a gift to Governor de Montmagny by the Compangnie des Habitants, later disappeared.
June 25: five ships arrived Kebec, one ship with captain Pierre Legardeur de Repentigny, the ship Ange Gabriel, the Saint Francois or Bon at 90 tonnage, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage and the Marguerite at 70 tonnage, other ships arrived in August.
June 25: The first horse is brought into Quebec.
June 25: Fort Richelieu is abandoned.
June 25: The priest of the Ursulines attempts to set his own price on some beaver skins; but these are confiscated, some 200 lbs., and taken from his room.
July 3: Kebec, birth (III)-Noel Juchereau son (II)-Jean Juchereau De La Ferte d-1685 and (II)-Marie Francoise Gillard d-1665.
July 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Joseph Le Petit son (I)-Pierre Le Petit and Catherine Desnoyers
July 16: Father (I)-Jean de Quen (1603-1659) discovered Lac Saint Jean and the route leading into the interior of Saguenay.
July 27: Kebec, marriage (I)-Michel Chauvin, b-1617 married (I)-Anne Archambault (1631-1699) They had two children before it was discovered that (I)-Michel Chauvin was already married. As a result on October 8, 1650 the marriage was annulled and he was banished from Montreal. Epouse February 3, 1653 Montreal, (I)-Jean Gervais
(II)-Paul Archambault Chauvin born March 27, 1650, died April 09, 17650 Montreal
(II)-Marie Charlotte Chauvin born April 05, 1651 Montreal and died October 31, 1718 Pointe Aux Trembles..
August: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married November 23, 1683 Boucherville, Madeleine Louiseau
August 2: Kebec, death (I)-Jean St. Leger, drowned
August 17: Quebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Pelletier to Francoise Morin, epouse January 28, 1648, Kebec Etienne Dumay.
August 23: Kebec, birth (III)-Marie Madeleine Guyon DuBuisson, daughter (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson, d-1694 and (II)-Elizabeth Couillard, d-1704: married November 24, 1661, Kebec, Adrien Hayot
September 3: Kabec, marriage (I)-Medard Chouart, Sieur des Groseilliers (1618/21-1696) married (II)- Helene Martin, Metis born June 21, 1627, Kebec, d-1651, daughter (I)- Abraham Martin (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611; 2nd marriage 1653 (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, d-1651, daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Hayot dit Radisson and Madeleine Heraut. 1st marriage Helene October 22, 1640, Kebec, (I)-Claude Etienne, b-1610,
September 3: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marin De Repentigny, Sieur de Francheville, b-1619 to (I)-Jeanne Jallaut (1624-1708), epouse, September 9, 1654, Trois Rivieres, Maurice Poulain.
September 11: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Macard, died February 14, 1667 Quebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Macard dit Champagne, d-1659 and (II)-Marguerite Couillard, died April 20, 1705 Quebec, veuve Jean Nicolet; married January 18, 1663 Quebec Charles Le Gardeur.
September 19: Kebec, marriage (I)-Charles Guillebout (1617-1658) to Francoise Bigot b-1632, epouse May 8, 1658. Quebec, Denis Briere.
September 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Mathurin Gagnon (1606-1690) to Francoise Boudeau, also Godeau (1634-1696)
October 3: Kebec, death (I)-Antoine Pelletier he drowned when his canoe capsized at Montmorency Falls. His property reverted to his brother (I)-Guillaume Pelletier (1598-1657)
October 4: Kebec, death (I)-Gabriel Tru, killed during a meeting with the Iroquois.
October 8: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Aubuchon dit LeLoyal a master carpenter to Mathurine Poisson, d-1681, he was involved in forty four legal cases in Trois Rivieres.
October 9: Kabec, birth/death Anonyme Brossier child Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.
October 14: Kebec, marriage (I)-Emery Caltaut (Cailleteau), b-1606, died June 2, 1653 Trois Rivieres to Marie Madeleine Couteau (Cousteau),b-1606, died September 10, 1691, Batiscan
November 3: Montreal, marriage (I)-Mathurin Meunier (Le Mounier. b-1619 to Francoise Fafart, (1624-1702)
November 13: Marriage (I)-Etienne Seigneuret, sieur de L’Isle, b-1620, died June 10, 1677, Trois Rivieres married (II)-Madeleine Benassis, died December 3, 1716 Trois Rivieres. Daughter (II)-Marguerite was born November 16, 1653, Trois Rivieres.
November 15: likely Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Urbain Daudry dit Lamarche (1621-1682) to (II)-Madeleine Boucher (1634-1691)
November 18: Montreal, marriage (I)-Jean Desroches (1621-1684) to (II)-Francoise Gode b-1635 daughter (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657) and Francoise Gaddis (1586-1689) Soeur de Pierre I.
December 3: (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseillier (1618-1696?) married Helene Martin, in Fort Quebec and settled down in Trois Rivieres; being the first wedding in several years (this is not true). Helene is the daughter of a river pilot, Abraham Martin, whose land would become known as the Plains of Abraham. Medard’s second marriage after the death of his first wife, is to (II)-Marguerite Hayet dit Radisson,a half sister of (II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis, (1632-1710). Pierre Radisson, at age 15, while out on a duck shoot, is captured by the Mohawks and taken to Lake Champlain. He is adopted by the tribe and became an Indian. He and a Algonquin escaped but were soon captured. The Algonquian is killed and (II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis (1632-1710) is tortured but rescued by his adoptive family. He later escaped to the Dutch Fort Orange near Albany, New York, worked as an interpreter for the Dutch, and then made his way back to Trois Rivieres- all before turning 21 years old. (see Radisson 1631)
December 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Guillaume Brossard son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: married February 15, 1672, Quebec Catherine Louvet.
December 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Nicolas Goulet, son (I)-Jacques Goulet (1615-1688) (who worked at the mill of Mr. Deschatelets) and Marguerite Maillier b-1631: married November 24, 1672 Chateau Richer, Xainte Cloutier
December 18: Kebec, death (I)-Leonard Pichon de Limoges
December 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis , died February 5, 1648, Kebec, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620
December 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665); 1st marriage unknown: married 2nd June 11, 1670 Ste Famille, Michel Aubin
1648
Twelve marriages, thirty one births and twenty four deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. Some claim the first white child born in Ville-Marie (Montreal) was Barbe Meusnier. There were 191 births to date in New France, and this might imply the majority are Metis.
(I)-Boisvert a soldat is at Kebec.
(II)-Pierre Boucher, sieur De Gros Bois, seigneur de Boucherville, Governor Des Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicolas Lemaine; married about 1648 likely Trois Riveries 1st. married Marie Madeleine Chretienne sauvagesse; 2nd married July 9, 1652, Quebec, (II)-Jeanne Crevier.
(I)-Jacques Brisset b-1626, died December 1, 1701, Champlain, married likely 1647-48, Trois Rivieres, (I)- Jeanne Feteis (Fetive or Frontier) b-1626, died November 30, 1698 Champlain.
(II)-Jacques Brisset b-1648 son (I)-Jacques Brisset b-1626, died December 1, 1701 Champlain married likely 1647-48 Jeanne Feteis (Fetive or Frontier) b-1626, died November 30, 1698 Champlain: married Marguerite Dandonneau..
Kebec, birth (II)-Francoi De Chavigny son (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married June 19, 1675, Quebec, Antoinette De L’Hopital: 2nd marriage April 20, 1699, Beauport, Genevieve Guyon.
(I)-Guillaume Isabel, d-1652 married this year Kabec Catherine Dodier, b-1628, epouse Pierre Le Pelle.
(I)-Chirurien Lacroix is at Montreal.
(I)-Nicolas La Morandiere (de) dit Le Depensier is in Kebec this year.
Birth likely Kebec? (III)-Ignace Le Gardeur, son (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1675 and Marie Favery, d-1675.
(III)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 son (II)-Pierre Martin born La Rochelle and Madeleine Panis (Indian slave) de la Rochelle (see 1642); 1st married November 28, 1663 Montreal, Catherine Duval; 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville, Marie Batanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier, epouse February 25, 1686 Boucherville, Francois Cesar
Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Peltier, Metis died November 2, 1692, Sorel, son (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married August 21, 1662, Quebec, Marie Manevely
Oliver Le Tardif married Kebec, (II)-Barbe Aymard, daughter (I)-Jean Aymard and Marie Bineau
In Massachusetts the act of 1648 made Indian wampampeag legal tender. I was also noted that the Iroquois didn’t have wampampeag so it was inferred they didn’t reach the Atlantic coast. However the sea shell to make wampampeag was very rare.
The mission of St. Peter on Manitoulin Island is established for the Ojibwa. (I)-Louis de Coulonge d’Ailleboust (1612-1660) is appointed Governor (1648-51) of New France. In Huron Country there are 19 Jesuit and 42 Frenchmen. The Iroquois Nation launched a full-scale attack against the Wendat Nation; some 35,000 people. The first series of encounters at Saint Joseph (Teanaostaise) resulted in 700 Wendat dead. The Iroquois then turned toward the French Colony. The citizens of Quebec, this season, are allowed to engage independently in trade, as the Iroquois had effectively severed normal Company trade. Father Superior, Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673), complained that drunkenness at Tadoussac was becoming as bad as in Germany. It is noteworthy that most Jesuits had wine on their own tables.
Jesuit Missions in Huronia included St. Michel (Scanonaenrat), St Joseph II (Teanaustaye), St. Ignace I (Taenhatentaron), Ste Marie II, St. Joseph I (Ihonatiria), La Conception (Ossossane), St. Louis, and St. Ignace III. Huronia was divided into four clans: the Bear People (Attignaouantan), the Deer People (Tahontaenrat), the Cord People (Atinqueenonniahak) and the Rock People (Arendahronon).
(I)-Louis d’Ailleboust, seigneur de Coulonge (1612-1660), returned to New France as Governor, from August 20, 1648 to October 4, 1651, to replace Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653) of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal). The Jesuits were not pleased with his removal.
The Jesuit were fully aware that the faith is usually followed by afflictions in the country of this new world. The history of plagues in Europe, taught the Jesuit that they were the carriers of disease. The disease seized upon them, and followed them into the vary depths of their great woods, where it destroyed a great number of them. The Savages believed these French are bringing disease to the People.
The Savages believed those who venture to the Black Robes are going to seek disease. The Jesuits say such talk is the Devil inspired. The Jesuit however know that disease is spread from person to person. The Savage say they are going because the Jesuit are their only means of commerce and trade.
The Savages said when we obey the Great Manitou (God), my traps for bears, beavers and other animals never fail. When we abandon our God, the Savages died of hunger and disease, because they amused themselves with certain words or certain prayers that were taught to them. He had a vision and the souls of the baptized and of the un-baptized go, and that neither heaven nor the pit, but a place towards the setting sun, where they meet together.
The Jesuit say the disease and famine is nothing compared to the fires of hell.
The Governor of New France issued a decree (ordinance) that foreign liquors should not be sold under any circumstances. French traders had been secretly selling foreign liquor to the Savages. A second decree commanded was that, without exception , unbelievers and apostates should withdraw from the abodes of Christians. These proclamations are read to the Algonquin, Wendat and Montagnais. This proclamation divided families, reducing their ancestral customs and traditions and made the people more vulnerable to the Iroquois advances. The Algonquion prophecy that the French are intent on destroy the Wendat is again remembered. A Wendat is warned in a dream to throw down the Frenchmen’s bell before it is too late.
The Jesuit speak of the fresh water sea to the west and two other lakes which are still larger further to the west. Lakes Erie, Ontario and Niagara Falls is well known.
The Jesuits had established a policy of only selling guns to baptized Savages and, even with this incentive, only 15% of the Huron are baptized. The Huron only had 120 guns, whereas the Iroquois guns numbered 500. The Jesuits forbade converts to participate in public traditional feasts and celebrations. They were instructed to abandon all their traditional religious practices which were the very foundation of their culture. Christian warriors refused to fight alongside traditionalists. The Huron’s ability to defend themselves was being eroded. Christian warriors were driven from their wives and mother’s longhouses resulting in a rapid increase in divorces.
The Iroquois see that the Huron are gravely weakened by the Black Robes. The Black Robes have brought disease and demoralization to the Huron Nation. They make plans to attack this once powerful brother of theirs.
A vessel arrived Kebec with a number of sick which seldom happens.
The first fort and Chateau St. Louis was built by Governor Charles Huault de Montmagny in 1648.
January 12/25: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Marie Cote, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684:
January 13: Montreal, marriage (I)-Louis Loisel (1617-1691) to Marguerite Charlot, b-1631
January 21: Kebec, marriage (II)-Jean Cloutier, b-1621, died October 16, 1690, Chateau Richer, son (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680): married Kebec, (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, born April 10, 1635, Kebec, died April 25, 1699, Kebec
January 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Dumay, carpeter b-1626 to Francoise Morin d-1666, veuve (I)-d’Antoine Pelletier d-1647
February 2: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Chouart, Metis, child of (I)-Medard Chouart, Sieur des Groseilliers, (1618/21-1696) and (II)-Helene Martin, Metis, (1627-1651), veuve October 22, 1640, Kebec, Claude Etienne, b-1610;
February 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Gagnon, son (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620. married October 26, 1670 Chateau Richer, Marguerite Drouin
February 15: Kebec birth (II)-Marie Bonhomme, daughter (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); married Jult 21, 1661 Quebec Jean Nau
February 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Francois Belanger, died February 6, 1682 Cap St. Ignace, son (I)-Francis Belanger b-1612 and (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696): married November 17, 1671, Chateau Richer, Marie Cloutier
March 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Amador Martin, Metis, died June 19, 1711 Quebec second priest New France born, son of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?;
March 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Aubuchon, died September, 1655 Trois Riviers, son (I)-Jacques Aubuchon, d-1681 and Mathurine Poisson d-1681.
April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Jolliet daughter (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) and Marie D’Abancour dite La Caille: married April 6, 1660, Quebec, Francois Fortin.
April 28: Jacques Douart (1626-1648) is killed, by a blow of a hatchet, at St. Marie, by the Huron. Six Captains had ordered the killing because the Christians are trying to ruin the Country, by reproving their faith. At Fort St. Marie are 18 Jesuit Fathers, four coadjutors (assistants), twenty-three donnes (merchant traders), seven servants, four boys and eight soldiers.
May 18: Two canoe of Hiroquois landed on the Island in sight of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal). Soldiers were sent to reconnoiter. The Hiroquois said they had war only with the Algonquians not the French.
May 23: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Francois Marguerie, from Normandy arrived Kebec 1617 as an interpreter to the Algonkins, lived with the Algonkins during the English occupation drowned crossing the Saint Lawrence River, near Trois Rivieres with his friend Jean Amiot. Some reported that two Frenchmen, Francois Marguerie and Jean Amiot (Amyot) drown in the Saint Lawrence River, in plain view of the habitants.
May 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Delaunay son (I)-Pierre Delaunay (1616-1654) and (II)-Francoise Pinguet
June 1: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Vernon daughter (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632 See Radisson 1631.
June 6: Kebec, death Nicolas Garnier who was at La Pointe Levis same day.
June 22: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Grimard, died March 22, 1700 Batiscan, son (I)-Elie Grimard, b-1586 and Anne Perrin, (1619-1685): married 1662 Christine Reynier
July 3: Kebec, birth (II)-Medard Blanot son (I)-Michel Blanot dit Lafontaine and Elizabeth Derlugny
July 4: Father (I)-Antoine Daniel (1601-1648) a Jesuit, is killed by the Iroquois at Teanaostae near Hillsdale, Simco County, Ontario. Both the Huron and Iroquois had vowed to kill the Jesuit so it should not be ruled out that all Jesuit deaths can be attributed to the Iroquois.
July 4: Trois Rivieres, De la Chausse is killed by the Iroquois.
July 5: Sillery, birth (III)-Genevieve Gareman daughter (I)-Rene Mezeray aka Mezler, (1611-1695) and (II)-Nicole Garman; 1st married January 24, 1661 Quebec Etienne Letellier, 2nd married 1676 Francois Dusault
July 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Jacques Leblanc, died November 29, 1660, Quebec, son (I)-Jean Leblanc, b-1620 to Euphrasie Madeleine Nicolet, b-1636:
July 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Gagnon, died September 27, 1648 Kebec, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695).
August: Kabec, four ships arrived, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage captain Jean Pointel, the Neuf or Saint Sauveur at 150 tonnage, the Saint Georges, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage.
August 20, Kebec, (I)-Louis D’Aillebout, governor of New France, arrived Kebec, died June 7, 1660, Montreal, married Barbe De Boulogne, b-1618, died June 7, 1685, Kebec, daughter (I)-Florentin De Boulogne and Gertridude Phillippe, one child is noted (II)-Barbe D’Aillebout who married Jean De Lauzon.
September 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Barbe Godfroy daughter (I)-Jean Paul Godfroy and (II)-Marie Madeleine Le Gardeur daughter (I)-Pierre Le Gardeur
September 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Gertrude Couillard, Metis, died November 18, 1664, Kebec, daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); married February 6, 1664 Beaufort, Charles Aubert.
September 24: Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Banse to Marguerite Bigor.
September 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Paul Chalifou, b-1618 to Jacquette Archambault, b-1632, died December 17, 1700 Quebec.
September 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) to (II)-Marie Archambault, (Metis?) baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married December 5, 1675, Quebec, Marie Cadieu Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646. Some say Marie Archambault was baptised February 24, 1636
September 29: Sillery, birth (III)-Pierre Boucher son (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1626 and Florence Gareman, b-1629: married 1672 Helene Gaudry.
October 1: Kebec, marriage (II)-Charles Le Gardeur de Tilly, b-1611, died November 10, 1695 Quebec son (I)-Rene Le Gardeur and Catherine De Corde, d-1657: married October 1, 1648, Kebec (II)-Genevieve Juchereau. Charles was Governor Trois Rivieres (1648-1650)
October 1: Kebec, marriage (II)-Charles Le Gardeur de Tilly, d-November 10, 1695, Kebec son (I)-Rene Le Gardeur sieur de Tilly. de Thury, en Normandie and Catherine De Corde, died July 7, 1757, Quebec: married (II)-Genevieve Juchereau, died November 5, 1687, Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Juchereau
October 2: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1601-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre
October 12: Montreal, marriage (I)-Leonard Lucault (Lukos dit Barbot) (1616-1651) to Barbe Poisson, b-1634, epouse November 19, 1651 Montreal Gabriel Celle Duclos.
October 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Nicolas Boissel, died December 25, 1660, Quebec son (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697)
October 17: Ste Anne, birth (II)-Martin Poulain, died January 16, 1710, Quebec, son (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) and Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687): married January 21, 1688 Ste Anne, Jeanne Barette
October 19: Kebec, marriage (I)-Guill Gauthier de la Chenaye, d-1657 and Ester De Lambourg, b-1630
October 25: Kebec, marriage (I)-Francois Bissot, Sieur de la Riviere, (1613-1678) to (III)-Marie Couillard, epouse September 1675, Quebec, Jacques de la Lande
October 25: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie LaFond daughter (I)-Etienne LaFond, (1615-1665) and (II)-Marie Boucher, d-1706:
November 10: Kebec, marriage (II)-Louise Cloutier, b-1621, died June 22, 1699, Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680): 1st married October 26, 1645 Chateau Richer, Francois Marguerie: 2nd marriage November 10, 1648, Kebec, Jean Migot: 3rd marriage February 3, 1684, Chateau Richer, Jean Mataut
November 10: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Mignot dit Chatillon to (II)-Louise Cloutier veuve Francois Marguerie, elle epouse February 3, 1684 Jean Pierre Mataut of Chateau Richer. It would appear he might have had a daughter by a sauvagesse in February 1647. He arrived 1643 and was living with the Ursulins in the savage quarters until this year learning French. See below differing info.
November 10: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Mignot dit Chatillon b-1628 married (II)-Louise Cloutier b-1631 daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680). Louise epouse October 26, 1645 Kebec Francoise Marguerie
November 15: Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Griveran, b-1620 and Suzanne Bugeaux
November 24: Montreal, birth (II)-Barbe Meuier, died December 3, 1648, Montreal, daughter (I)-Mathurin Meunier (Le Mounier. b-1619 & Francoise Fafart, (1624-1702)
December 4 Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Dodier son (I)-Sebastin Dodier and Marie Bonhomme: a son named (II)-Sebastien is also listed but no date of birth.
December 4: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Catherine Lefebvre, Metis, died November 30, 1705 Batiscan daughter (I)-Pierre Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, b-1621, died February 11, 1697 Trois Rivieres: she married Antoine Trotier: Two other children were born but no birth date listed, Marie a Metis, likely b-1646, who married Andre Martel and Jacques a Metis born Trois Rivieres (likely 1647) birth date was January 12, 1647, Trois Rivieres, who married November 11, 1670, Trois Rivieres, Marie Baudry.
December 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Agnes Duquet, died April 4, 1702, Quebec, Ursuline, daughter (I)-Denis Duquet (1605-1675) and Catherine Gautier, b-1627:
December 20: Quebec, birth, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: married December 5, 1675, Quebec, Marie Cadieu
1649
Ten marriages, forty three births and twenty one deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. New France has nearly 1,000 inhabitants.
(I)-Martin Chauvin dit La Fortune, b-1619 married 1649 Gilette Ban, b-1629, epouse 1653 Jacques Bertant.
(I)-Nicolas Colson, b-1626, usher of Council, Kebec in 1649
(I)-Claude David, (1621-1687) married likely Trois Rivieres Suzanne De Noyon, b-1633
(I)-Mathurin Guillet was at Trois Rivieres this year where he settled.
(II)-Pierre Lamoureux de St. Germain b-1649 son Jean Lamoureux; married Marguerite Pigarouiche sauvagesse b-1647.
February 15: Kebec, (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais (1589-1664) is imprisoned on a scandalous charge concerning a girl 15-16 years old who was executed this year for theft. It is said this old pig Abraham had debauched the girl. This could be the reason the birth and marriage records are not retained, the Jesuits likely cleared the files?
Fishing is almost a total failure in Kebec except for the sturgeon.
Famine is prevalent this year, more than has been since the French entered Quebec. The Iroquois attacked Saint Ignace (Taenhatentarow) killing 400 Huron. Fifteen Huron villages have been abandoned.
Jerome Le Rouer (Royer) de la Dauversiere, a co-founder of the mission of the Mountain of Montreal, is almost bankrupt and his goods are going to be seized.
Father (I)-Charles Garnier (1606-1649) believed the ruin of the Huron was clearly part of God’s grand design and that now they would have to work among the more distant nations. It was clear the Jesuit saw no fault among themselves.
Father (I)-Noel Chabanel (1613-1649) of Toulouse died, having been unable to learn the language thereby making him most ineffectual. He also had a great aversion to the customs of these Barbarians.
Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, is stationed to Tadoussac, Quebec.
Only a few thousand Wendat remain out of a 30,000 people nation.
An ancestor of the Garneau Clan, (II)-Catherine Annennontak (Huronne), is born 1649, daughter (I)-Nicholas Arendanki of Arenda, Sainte Marie Madeleine, La Conception and Jeanne Otrihoandit.
Louis Gaudet Dufont, a Royal Commissioner, concluded that New France is governed by men without education or experience and that nearly all were incapable of resolving problems of any consequence.
The Huron culture was in disarray. 50% were converted to Christianity by the Jesuits. Many non-catholic Huron, being rejected by their wives longhouses, joined the Iroquois and played a leading role in taking vengeance against the Jesuits and their Christian Huron allies. Some 700 Huron died this year or are captured by the Iroquois/Huron army. Many more Huron would join the Iroquois against the French. The Jesuits Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and (I)-Gabrial Lalemant (1610-1649) were executed for their crimes against the People. Bruce Trigger notes: “The situation would have been far worse for the French if the Huron traditionalists had been able to conclude an alliance with the Iroquois”.
Kebec, a fleet of 6 ships arrived led by admiral Jean Paul Godefroy, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage, the Neuf or Saint Sauveur at 150 tonnage captain Jammes, the Bon-Francois at 90 tonnage, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage, the Anglois and an unnamed ship captain Jean Poulet.
January 1: Three soldiers in prison died of suffocation by the fumes of charcoal.
January 4: Kebec, death (I)-Louis Robichau, b-1609.
January 11: Montreal, marriage (II)-Francois Gode son (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657) and Francoise Gaddis (1586-1689) Soeur de Pierre I; married (I)-Francoise Bugon, b-1626, St Pierre de Clermont, epouse September 26, 1667 Montreal Francois Bots.
January 11: Montreal, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Desroches child (I)-Jean Desroches (1621-1684) and Francoise Gode b-1636
January 19: A female of age 15 or 16 is hung at Quebek (Quebec) for theft and Monsieur (I)-Abraham Martin, dit I’ecossois (1589-1664) a Scotsman is accused of violating (raping) her. Some suggest a sixteen year-old girl in Quebec, sentenced to death for theft, escaped death by acting as her own executioner. Still others suggest the executioner is a pardoned criminal and the girl is hung.
January 15/28: Kebec, Birth/death (II)-Paule Hebert daughter (I)-Augustin Hebert and Adriane Du Vivier, b-1626, epouse Robert Cavelier.
January 29: Kebec, birth (III)-Joseph Guyon son (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson: married November 24, 1661, Kebec, Adrien Hayot: married Genevieve Cloutier
January 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Gaudin, died December 4, 1726 Pointe aux Trembles, daughter (I)-Barthelemi Gaudin (1608-1697) and Marthe Coignat (1606-1689): 1st married October 29, 1665 Quebec, Antoine Boutin: 2nd marriage 1677 Jean Beland
January 30: There are eighteen Jesuit priests in Wendat country. The Jesuits (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and (I)-Gabrial Lalemant (1610-1649) are killed at St. Louis. The Iroquois saw the Jesuits as their trading enemies, and one thousand Iroquois and Hurons attacked Taenhatentaron, killing or capturing three hundred and ninety Wendat. The Iroquois knew that the Jesuits longed for martyrdom and they said, mockingly: You see we are your friends because we will be the cause of your eternal happiness. The more you suffer the greater will be your reward from your God. The Huron Nation will be reduced from 25,000 or 30,000 people to about 1,000 this year as a result of their alliance with the French. In just 40 years a Great Nation is utterly destroyed. The Jesuits claim the destruction is the will of God. The Indians do not believe God is a vengeful God, they rightfully blame the Black Robes and carry this message to the Ojibwa of the West and beyond. It is noteworthy that the Jesuit especially Brebeuf are under sentence of death by the Huron Nation for evil activities.
January 31: Kebec, birth (II)-Eilzabeth De Chavigny daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: married October 10, 1667, Quebec, Etienne Landron
January 31: Kebec, death (I)-Philippe Gosselin who was married to Vincente Despres.
February 7: Kabec, birth Antoine Brossier, died February 26, 1649, Kebec, son Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.
March 16: About 1,000 Iroquois captured St. Ignace then went on to capture St. Louis.
March 17: Father (I)-Gabriel Lalemant (1610-1649) a Jesuit, is killed by the Iroquois at St. Ignace of the Hurons, halfway between Coldwater and Vasey, Simco County, Ontario. Father Jean de Brebuef (1593-1649) also is killed this date by the Iroquois. Both the Huron and Iroquois had vowed to kill the Jesuit so it should not be ruled out that all Jesuit deaths can be attributed to the Iroquois.
April: An old man, head servant at the warehouse, suspected of theft, proved to be lost, it is believed he went to drown himself.
April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Alexis Gravelle, died March 18, 1715, Quebec, son (I)-Masse Joseph Gravelle (1616-1686) and Marguerite Tavernier (1627-1697): married Marie Lesot.
April 8: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Plusson and Marie Regnault.
April 8: Chambly, marriage (I)-Pierre Boucher born August 1, 1622 Governor Trois Riviers to Marie Madeleine (Chretienne) Ouebaddinoukoue Huron savagesse; 2nd marriage July 9, 1652 Quebec (II)-Jeanne Crevier b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier and Jeanne Enard b-1619; only one child recorded of 1st marriage (II)-Jacques Boucher Metis b-1650. It is noteworthy that Pierre had the idea of creating a new people by the union of French men and Indian women.
April 12: Kebec, birth (II)-Jacques Goulet, son (I)-Jacques Goulet (1615-1688) (who worked at the mill of Mr. Deschatelets) and Marguerite Maillier b-1631
April 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Pepin Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married October 3, 1663, Trois Rivieres, Gilles La Rue
May 2: Sillery, birth (II)-Nicolas Peltier Metis son (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. June 22, 1673, Madeleine Tegoussi; 2nd marriage Francoise Lamy
May 24: Kebec, birth (II)-Francois Poisson, died December 13, 1708, Champlain son (I)-Jean Poisson married likely Kebec Jacqueline Chamboy b-1628, epouse Michel Pelletier de le Prade: married November 11, 1687 Trois Rivieres, Marguerite Baudry.
May 31: Montreal, birth (II)-Marie Dumay daughter (I)-Etienne Dumay, carpeter b-1626 to Francoise Morin d-1666
June: The Algonquian traded with the Petite Nation returning via Ville-Marie (Montreal) with their peltry for trade.
June 6: Thirty four Frenchmen departed for Huron Country.
June 9; Kenec, birth (II)-Marie Aubert (Auber) b-1649, died July 28, 1715, daughter (I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) and Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English; married December 2, 1663 Chateau Richer, Jean Premont.
July 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre De Repentigny, died August 7, 1713, Montreal, son (I)-Martin De Repentigny, b-1619 and Jeanne Jallaut, b-1624
July 18, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Amator Godfroy, died September 10, 1730, Trois Rivieres, (Filleul de Charles Amaior de le Tour, de l’Acndie) son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie LeNeuf b-1612-1688); 1st married November 12, 1675 Trois Rivieres, Marguerite Jutrat; 2nd marriage July 22, 1682 Francoise LePele
July 21: Montreal, birth (II)-Jeanne Loisel daughter (I)-Louis Loisel (1617-1691) and Marguerite Charlot, b-1631: married November 23, 1666 Montreal Jean Beauchamps
August: Charles Albanel, (1616-1696) a Jesuit arrived Kebec to serve the Lower Algonquians or Montagnais, at Tadoussac.
August 9: Kebec. birth (III)-Catherine Le Gardeur daughter (II)-Charles Le Gardeur de Tilly, d-1695 and (II)-Genevieve Juchereau, d-1687: married October 10, 1668, Sillery, Pierre De Saurel
August 22: Kebec, birth (II)-Francois Racine, Metis, died February 26, 1714, St. Anne, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married October 29, 1676, Ste Familie, Marie Bauche
August 23: Montreal, birth (II)-Marie Boudart, died September 1, 1649, Montreal daughter (I)-Jean Boudart, died May 6, 1651 Montreal, silenced by the Hurons and Catherine Mercier who was taken with her husband by the Iroquois 1651.
August 26: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Hertel, daughter (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) (who was captured by the Iroquois) and Marie Marguerie epouse Moral de St. Quentin: married November 26, 1663, Trois Rivieres, Jean Crevier
September 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Paul Gagnon, ordained December 21, 1677, Kebec, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695).
September 11: Kebec, birth (III)-Joseph Guyon DuBuisson, son (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson, d-1694 and (II)-Elizabeth Couillard, d-1704: married January 29, 1674 Chateau Richer Genevieve Cloutier
September 20: The French traders, soldiers and Indians descend to Trois Rivieres and Kebec with 5,000 livres’ weight of beaver skins. This year trade totaled 100,000 livres.
September 21: (I)-Martin Montagne a carpenter is at Trois Riveres
September 22: Kebec: marriage (I)-Nicolas Juchereau, Sieur de St. Denis, seigneur de Beauport to (II)-Marie Therese Giffard, died June 3, 1714, Beauport, daughter (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599:
September 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Mathieu Hubou dit Des Longschamps. (1628-1678) to Suzanne Botfaite (Bottfair)
September 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Antoine Brossard, died February 22, 1715, Quebec, son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: married August 26, 1672 Quebec, Jeanne Quelue.
October 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Chalifou, died October 12, 1663, Quebec daughter (I)-Paul Chalifou, b-1618 and Jacquette Archambault, b-1632: Married November 5, 1662, Quebec, Loachim Martin.
October 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Macard, died February 23, 1724 Quebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Macard dit Champagne, d-1659 and (II)-Marguerite Couillard, died April 20, 1705 Quebec, veuve Jean Nicolet; 1st married January 11, 1666, Quebec, Charles Bazire: 2nd marriage August 1, 1679, Quebec, Francois Provost: 3rd marriage November 5, 1703, Quebec, Charles D’Alogny.
October 11: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Gautier daughter (I)-Guill Gauthier de la Chenaye, d-1657 and Ester De Lambourg, b-1630
October 13: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Etienne Vernon, died May 18, 1721, Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632: married May 30, 1677 Trois Rivieres, Marie Moral. See Radisson 1631.
October 23: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Blanot child (I)-Michel Blanot dit Lafontaine and Elizabeth Derlugny
October 24: Kebec, birth (II)-Sebastien Griveran, son (I)-Guillaume Griveran, b-1620 and Suzanne Bugeaux
October 31: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Etienne Vernon, died May 18, 1721, Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632: married May 30, 1677, Trois Rivieries Marie Moral. See Radisson 1631.
November 7: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Mathurin Guillet son (I)-Pierre Guillet dit Lajeunesse, b-1626, carpenter and Jeanne De Launay de St. Per, b-1629: married Marie Charlotte Lemoyne
November 9: Kebec, marriage (II)-Jean Pelletier, b-1631, died February 25, 1698, Riviere Ouelle, son (I)-Guillaume Pelletier b-1598, died November 28, 1657, Kebec and Michelle Morille (Mabile (1592-1665); married (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis (1637-1704) daughter (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) sauvagesse, d-1665 (II)-Jean 2nd marriage January 8, 1689 Riviere Ouelle (II)-Marie Anne Huot born Jauuary 9, 1666 Riviere Ouelle
November 11: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Michellent to Perinne Baudry.
November 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Louis Fafard, died February 4, 1717 Batiscan, son (I)-Bertrand Fafard dit Laframboise, b-1620, died November 3, 1660, Trois Rivieres and Marie Sedilot, b-1627, epouse February 16, 1681, Trois Rivieres, Rene Benard: 1st married Marie Lucas: 2nd marriage July 19, 1703, Batiscan, Francoise Lapond
November 16: Kebec, marriage (I)-Oliver Le Tardif (1601-1665) 1st married November 3, 1637, Quebec, (II)-Louise Couillard, d-November 23, 1641: 2nd marriage November 16, 1641, Quebec, (II)-Barbe Aymart daughter (I)-Jean Aymard and Marie Bineau ou “bureau” Greffe d’audouard 1649
November 16: Pointe Levy, Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Couture (Cousture), (1617-1701) married (II)-Anne Esmard Aymard (1629-1700), daughter (I)-Jean Aymard and Marie Bineau
November 16: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) to (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637 daughter (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684.
November 29: Quebec, marriage (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) 1st married July 12, 1637 Kebec, (II)-Anne Cloutier: 2nd married Marie Chapelier
December 3: Montreal, birth (II)-Mathurine Meunier, died February 27, 1650, Montreal, & (II)-Charles Meunier, died February 27, 1650 Montreal sons of (I)-Mathurin Meunier (Le Mounier. b-1619 & Francoise Fafart, (1624-1702)
December 7: Father (I)-Charles Garnier (1605-1649) a Jesuit, is killed by the Iroquois at Petun Village of St. Jean (Etharita) near Osprey, Grey County, Ontario. Both the Huron and Iroquois had vowed to kill the Jesuit so it should not be ruled out that all Jesuit deaths can be attributed to the Iroquois.
December 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Francois Bissot, died November 26, 1663 Quebec son (I)-Francois Bissot, Sieur de la Riviere, (1613-1678) and (III)-Marie Couillard, epouse September 1675, Quebec, Jacques de la Lande
December 8: Father (I)-Noel Chabanel (1613-1649) a Jesuit, is killed by the Christian Huron at the mouth of the Nottawasaga River, Ontario.
December 11: Trois Riveres, birth (III)-Jacques Boucher, Metis son (II)-Pierre Boucher, sieur De Gros Bois, seigneur de Boucherville, Governor Des Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicolas Lemaine; married about 1648 likely Trois Riveries 1st. married Marie Madeleine Chretienne sauvagesse: 2nd marriage (II)-Jeanne Crevier?. ((II)-Jeanne Crevier, Metis b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier and Jeanne Enard b-1619, Metis) married July 9, 1652 (II)-Pierre Boucher Governor Des Trois Rivieres. He only had one recorded son (III)-Jacques Boucher, Metis b-1650
December 11: Montreal, birth (II)-Nicolas Desroches son (I)-Jean Desroches (1621-1684) and Francoise Gode b-1636
December 14: Kebec, birth (II)-Ursule Prevost, Metis, died April 1, 1661, Kebec, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, (1620-1665
Note:Several ManyRoads readers have questioned the accuracy of some of the Metis claims presented in this document by Mr. Garneau. Should you have evidence that you would like to present refuting the veracity and accuracy of any claims made by Mr. Garneau, which you would like us to present here, please contact us directly.
We are happy to present all relevant information here, in the interest of fairness, full disclosure and accuracy.
The following material is written by: R.D. (Dick) Garneau, who is solely responsible for its accuracy.
1670
From 1670 on, permanent residents were called Canadians or French Canadians.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1670 and entered into contract of marriage
Marie Angelier, married Vivien Rochereau, Vivien
Denise Anthoine, married Laurent Buy, Laurent dit Lavergne, said his name is Lavergne; 2nd marriage 1704 Mathurin Banlier dit Laperle, saaid his name is Laperle
Élisabeth Aubert, b-1646, married Aubin Lambert, Aubin dit Champagne
Jacqueline Aubry, married Antoine Gros dit Laviolette, said said his name is Laviolette; 2nd marriage 1689 Guillaume Denoyon,
Isabella Aupe, married Pierre De Lavoie
Frances Baiselat, married Laurent Cambin dit Larivière, said his name is Lariviere; 2nd marriage 1670 Pierre-François Marsan dit Lapierre, said his name is Lapierre; 3rd marriage 1693 André Corbeil dit Tranchemontagne, said his name is Tranchemontagne,
Joan Barber, married Julien Plumereau dit Latreille, said his name is Latreille; 2nd marriage 1681 François Blain,
Mary Baril, married François Sauvin dit Larose, said his name is Larose,
Martha Frances Barton, married Joseph Knight,
Marguerite Berger, married Charles Courtois,
Mary Besche, married Pierre Chaperon,
Catherine Billot, married Urbain Jagot
Genevieve Billot, married Jean Denis
Margaret Binaudière, married Symphorien Rousseau; 2nd marriage 1688 Claude Guyon,
Mary Birard, married Pierre Pivin dit Larécompense, said his name is Larécompense,
Jeanne Boucault, (illegitimate child, Jacques b-1668), married Louis Colombe, b-1641
Francoise Bourgeois, (illegitimate child, Frances Vignaux b- 1670), married Paul Vignault (Vignaux) dit Laverdure, said his name is Laverdure
Marie Briere, married Jean Guay; 2nd marriage 1678 Martin Gueudon,
Brisette, Marie (arrived 1670) not married this year
Catherine Bruneau, (illegitimate child, Mary-Anne b-about 1685), married Jean Monin,
Margaret Bulte, married Jean Robitaille,
Mary Buot, married Pierre Martin
Mary Campion, married Mathurin Dubé,
Marie Carlier, Married René Fezeret,
Nicole Chandoiseau, married Étienne Benoît dit Lajeunesse, said his name is Lajeunesse; 2nd marriage 1698 Pierre Gour dit Lavigne, said his name is Lavigne,
Joan Chartier, married Thècle-Cornélius Aubry dit Tècle, said his name is Tecle,
Margaret Chemereau, married Jean Piet dit Trempe, said his name is Trempe
Suzanne Chevalier, married Robert Foubert dit Lacroix, said his name is Lacroix; 2nd marriage 1684 Jean Maranda,
Madeleine Chretien, married Pierre Chicoine; 2nd marriage Louis-Odet De Piercot,
Mary Chretien, married Paul Perrault dit Lagorce, said his name is Lagorce
Marie-Rose Colin, ,married François Deguire dit Larose, said his name is Larose,
Margaret Collet, married Jacques Bissonnet dit Dechaumaux, said his name is Dechaumaux
Isabelle Couturier, married François Chantelou,
Michelle De Lahaye, married Étienne Pothier; 2nd marriage 1690 Stephan Lair,
Madeleine Delaunay, married Pierre Guillet dit Lajeunesse,said his name is Lajeunesse
Margaret De Nevelet, married Abraham Bouat,
Mary Denoyon, married Charles Davenne,
Marie-Madeleine Deschamps, (arrived 1670) not married this year
Margaret Deshayes, married Pierre Ménard dit Saintonge, said his name is Saintonge
Madeleine Després, b-1653, married Nicolas Audet dit Lapointe, said his name is Lapointe
Catherine Doribeau, married Jacuqes Genest dit Labarre, said his name is Labarre,
Marie Dubois, b-1642, married Michel Brouillet dit Laviolette, said his name is Laviolette
Jeanne Ducorps, said her names is Leduc, married Martin Massé,
Mary Ducoudray, married François Grenet,
Joan Dufossé, married Louis Doré,
Elizabeth Durand, (arrived 1670) not married this year
Francoise Durand, b-1651, married 1671Jacques Beaudouin (Beaudoin),
Margaret Dusson, married Jean Lavallée dit Petit-Jean, said his name is Petit-Jean; 2nd marriage 1694 Charles Vanet dit Le Parisien, said his name is Le Parisien,
Margaret Evin, married Pierre Richard,
Anne Fayet, married René Siret,
Anne Foubert, married Pierre Boisseau,
Catherine Fourier, married Mathurin Mercadier; 2nd marriage Jean Bousquet; 3rd marriage 1712 François Martin dit Langevin, said his name is Langevin,
Joan Fressel, b-1653 married Étienne (Stephen) Jacob
Louise Fro, married Julien Meunier
Anne Galet, married Sylvain Veau,
Anne Galet, married Michel Hébert dit Laverdure, said his name is Laverdure
Anne Geoffroy, married Charles Flibot
Anne Gilles, married François Fleury; 2nd marriage1689 Rebé Dumas dit Rencontre, said his name is Rencontre; 3rd marriage 1704 Pierre Galet dit Laliberté, said his name is Laliberté
Marie-Madeleine Gobert, married Pierre Groleau,
Elizabeth Godillon, married Léonard Ethier
Mary Grandin, married Jean Beaudet,
Mary Grandin, Mary, married Michel Morel; 2nd marriage 1672 Claude Robillard,
Marceline Graton, married Pierre Toupin dit Lapierre, said his name is Lapierre; 2nd marriage 1710 Vincemt Brunet
Anne Grimbault, married Jean Jouanne; 2nd marriage 1691 Claude Desportes,
Joan Gruaux, married Jean René; 2nd marriage 1674 Jacques Pigeon,
Catherine Guerard, married Julien Dubord dit Lafontaine, said his name is Lafontaine,
Marie-Madeleine Hebert, married Denis Brosseau
Margaret Housseau, married Jean Meunier
Marie Hubert, b-1655 married Hicolas Fournier
Catherine Humelot, married Jacques Hardy,
Elizabeth Jossard, married Jean-Baptiste De Poitiers Sieur du Buisson,
Jacqueline Labbe, married Mathurin Colin dit Laliberté, said his name is Laliberté
Marie-Anne Lafontaine, married Martin Dalleray
Anne Lagou, married Pierre Vallière; 2nd marriage Rémi Dupil,
Margaret Lamain, married Michel Rognon dit Laroche, said his name is Laroche; 2nd marriage 1685 Mercier Pierre
Joan Lecoq, married Guillaume Dubeau; 2nd marriage 1672, Martin Moreau,; 3rd marriage Jean Fortunat dit Laverdure, said his name is Laverdure,
Elizabeth Agnes Lefebvre, married François Thibault,
Marie Lefebvre, married Louis Guibault, dit Grandbois, says his name is Grandbois; 2nd marriage Pierre Gendras,
Marie-Anne Lelong, married Joseph Bonneau dit Labécasse, said his name is Labecasse,
Catherine Leroux, married René Goulet,
Claire Levieux, said her name is Dove, married Pierre Neveu,
Marie Malo, married Jacques Brin dit La Pensée, said his name is Pensée
Mary Elizabeth Marchand, married Pierre Coeur dit Jolicoeur, lsaid his name is Jolicoeur
Madeleine Marechal, married Pierre Poupardeau
Joan Marie, married François Vézina,
Anne Masson, married Robert Galien,
Agathe Merlin, married Jean Loriot,
Marie-Louise Michaud, married Jean Daniau dit Laprise, said his name is Laprise
François Michel married Gilles Dupont; 2nd marriage Paul Hubert
Marguerite Moreau, married André Morin,
Margaret Frances Moreau, married Mathieu Faye dit Lafayette, said his name is Lafayette; 2nd marriage Jean Lefort, dit Laprairie, said his name is Laprairie,
Navaron, Marie (arrived 1670) not married this year.
Marie-Madeleine Normand, married Alphonse Morin dit Valcour, said his name is Valcour
Anne Ollery, married Thomas Frérot, Sieur de Lachenaye, Kid brother, Thomas, Sieur de Lachenaye
Margaret Paquet, married Francois Biville dit Le Picard, said his name is Le Picard; 2nd marriage 1676 Bernard Gonthier,
Perrette Parema, married François Lory dit Gargot, said his name is Gargot
Marie-Marthe Payan, married Mathurin Corneau,
Frances Pednel, married Maurice Arrivé,
Louise Petit, married Charles Delaurice dit Jambon, said his name is Jambon
Marie-Madeleine Plouard, married Jacques Viau dit Lespérance, said his name is Lesperance
Anne Poitron, (Ouestnorouest ?) married Pierre Martin; 2nd marriage 1674 Jean Verger dit Desjardins, said his name is Desjardins,
Marie Pothier, married Élie Prévost dit Laviolette, said his name is Laviolette
Marie Prevost, married Michel Aubin,
Margaret Provost, married Jacques Venne; 2nd marriage Étienne Forestier dit Lafortune, said his name is Lafortune,
Joan Raimbault, married Étienne Raimbault,
Margaret Raisin, married Bernard Deniger dit Sanssoucy, said his name is Sanssoucy
Martha Raudy, (arrived 1670) not married this year
Mary Renaud, married Charles Petit,
Anne-Francoise Richard, said her name is Martin, married Pierre Campagna,
Georgette Richer, married François Dupuis,
Joan Rossignol, said her name is Grossonneau, married Charles Petit; 2nd marriage 1674 Jean Forget; 3rd marriage 1676 Urbain Fouquereau; 4th marriage 1704 François Huard dit Laliberté, said his name is Laliberté,
Aimee Roux, married Aimard Tinon dit Desroches, et Deslauriers, said his names were Desroches, and Deslauriers
Anne Roy, married Nicolas Bouchard; 2nd marriage 1685 Claude Guimond,
Joan Roy, married Étienne Bonnet; 2nd marriage 1670 Jean Péladeau dit St-Jean, said his name is St. John,
Marie-Anne Roy, married Mathieu Binet dit Lespérance, says his name is Lesperance; 2nd marriage 1704 Abel Simon,
Isabella Salé, married Jacques Marcot,
Madeleine Theresa Salé, married Claude Raimbault,
Margaret Samson, married Jean Beaugrand dit Champagne, said his name is Champagne,
Joan Savonnet, married Jean Soucy dit Lavigne; 2nd marriage 1679 Damien Bérubé, Damien; 3rd marriage 1692 , François Miville dit LeSuisse, said his name is LeSuisse
Mary Seigneur, married Pierre Sasseville
Catherine Senecal, married Jean Lafond,
Joan Sicard, married Vincent Guillot,
Anne Talbot, married Jean Gareau dit Saintonge, said his name is Saintonge
Martinez Tavrey, married Nicolas Marcot,
Joan Tellier, married Mathurin Gerbert dit Lafontaine, said his name is Lafontaine
Marie-Madeleine Thibierge, married Pierre St-Denis,
Noelle Tiremont, married Bernard Bertin dit Languedoc,; 2nd marriage 1673 Pierre Chaperon,
Louise Valet, married René Bisson dit Lépine, says his name is Lepine
Mary Vaqueta, married Guy Dorillard dit St-Jean, said his name is St-Jean
Mary Verger, married Jean Hus,
Joan Vilain, married Mathurin Bernier dit Lamarzelle,; 2nd marriage 1678 Jacques Chevalier,
It was estimated that 600 to 700 births were recorded in New France and Fille du Roi are no longer required.
(I)-Pierre Artaut, Sieur de la Tour, b-1630 country married Louise Sauvagesse., b-1621, two Metis children are recorded, Marie b-1667 and Jean Artaut no birth date given.
(II)-Anne Charron, Metis, b-1670, New France, daughter (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, of New France, baptized March 30, 1646 La Rochelle, France. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France: married April 18, 1686, Boucherville, Pierre Goguet.
Simon Francois Daumont de Saint Lusson d-1677 left Ville-Marie (Montreal) using (I)-Nicolas Perrot (1644-1717) as interpreter and guide to Sault Ste Marie.
(I)-Jean-Vincent d’Abbadie de Saint Castin born June 19, 1665 d-1707, married 1670 / rehabilitated Acadia 1684. 1st married 1670 Mathilde Madokawando; He married a second time 1685, Acadia to Marie Pidiwammiskawa, sister of Mathilde. Their father was Chief Madokawando an Abenaki (1630-1696). It is believed Jean was a philander before settling down. It’s noteworthy he was in Acadia in 1665 and returned July 17, 1670 to live among the natives. Chief Madokawando an Abenaki (1630-1696) gave his three daughters to Vincent to entice him to stay among the Abenaki. Three sisters are (1)-Mathilda – (2)-Pidianske ( Pidi8ammisk8a) and (3)-Melchide de Nicosquone Jean spent most of his time in Pentagouet and Port Royal, Acadia. He became chief of the Abenakis in 1696.
CHILDREN WITH (I)-Mathilde Madokawando; married 1670 (Country liaison)
(II)-Claire Vincent Metis (1671-1744) married 1700 Acadia Paul Meunier
(II)-Anastasie Vincent Metis married December 4, 1707 Port Royal Alexander Leborgne de Belisle son of Alexandre Leborge b-1679 and Marie de St Etienne de la Tour Dec 4 1707 in Pentagouet
Alexandre Leborge Metis b-1708 married Marie LeBlanc in Grand Pre 1731
Two unknown Metis daughters born before 1739 census
Marie-Joseph Leborge Metis b-1711 married 1st Jacques-Philippe Urbain Rondeau; married 2nd Joseph Dupont Duvivier
Catherine Leborge Metis b-1724 Grand Pre
Marie Leborge Metis married 1739 in Port Royal, Francois Robichaud son of Francois and Madeleine Theriot
Francoise Leborge b-1715 married 1737 in Port Royal, Pierre Robichaud son Francois and Madeleine Theriot
CHILDREN WITH (2)-Pidianske aka Pidiwammiskawa ( Pidi8ammisk8a); married 1670 (Country liaison)
(II)-Robardis Vincent Metis b-1671 or 1672, he rejected his European heritage.
(II)-Velda Therese Vincent Metis (married Dec 4, 1707, Acadia Phillippe Minus d’Entiremont son of Jacques Minus and Anne de Saint Etienne de la Tour in Pentagouet
(II)-Unknown Vincent Metis married 1695 Meuneaux dit Chateauneuf; could be from his 1665 liaison with?
(II)-Unknown Vincent Metis married 1695 Philippe Meunier, could be from his 1665 liaison with ?
(II)-Therese Vincent Metis married December 4, 1707 Port Royal, Philippe Mius d’Entremont.
CHILDREN WITH (3) Marie Melchide de Nicosquone married 1684 some suggest 1685 others suggest 1688 however she was the youngest of the three sisters. Some suggest he got religion and settled on one wife in 1684-1685..
(II)-Cecile Vincenr Metis
(II)-Bernard Vincent Metis born October 15,1688, d-1704 entered the Seminary. Godfather was Renaud de Bordenave Jeane’s man servent
(II)-Bernard-Anselme Vincent Metis b-1689 married October 31st 1707 in Port Royal, Charlotte D’Amour de Chauffours. Some suggest he first married Penobscot Abenaki daughter of Chief Madokawando an Abenaki (1630-1696) Anselme became the leader of the First Nation of the Pentagouet Abenaqui tribe in Penobscot after his Father died in 1707
(II)-Francois Xavier Vincent5 Metis
(II)-Anasthasie Vincent Metis
(II)-Joseph Marie Vincent Metis
(II)-Jean-Pierre Vincent b-1692 d-1701 entered the Seminary
(II)-Urseline (Ursule) Vincent Metis b-1696, married 1715 Louis d’Amour de Chauffours
(II)-Bernard Vincent Metis
(II)-Barenos Vincent Metis married around 1725 wife unknown died 1746 of a knife wound received from his nephew who was an Indian.
OTHER CHILDREN likely grandchildren
(III)-Joseph d’Abadie de Saint Castin Metis (1720-1746) married after 1728 wife unknown, he died after 2 March 1751
Louis Gaboury is sent to jail for eating meat during lent.
(I)-Louis Guillaume aka Ondieraguete a Sauvage is baptized this year at Quebec.
(I)-Pierre Martin married likely Bpucherville (II)-Anne Poitron daughter (I)-Pierre Poitron and Jeanne Tiberge, Anne epouse November 12, 1674 la Point-aux-Rrembles de Montreal Jean Verger dit Desjardins
(II)-Catherine Peltier Metis b-1670 daughter (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau; married November 12 Sorel, Denis Foucault..
The French decision to not send colonists to Canada in 1666 had a profound impact on Canada as Acadia had a population of 400 whereas Massachusetts had a population of 40,000.
One hundred and twenty two marriages, three hundred and eleven births and eighty five deaths are recorded in New France. Some suggest that there are seven hundred births (?) this year in New France and indications that the male to female ratio is beginning to equalize. Some believe that marriages between the French and Native girls could be a useful factor to increase the population. (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694), however reported that they did not bring many children into the world because they nursed them too long. This is from a man who never married and would return to France. The average world wide breast-feeding duration is 4.2 years at this time.
St. Xavier Dez Praiz is a little above Ville-Marie (Montreal) and contains 60 settlers.
Thomas Temple (1615-1674) is forced to return Acadia ( Nova Scotia) to the French, having been in control since 1654. The Acadian population is about 400-500, and they no longer consider themselves French. Besides being composed of French, Micmac, Scottish, Irish, English and Portuguese, they all intermarried and considered themselves Acadians. The Acadians married in their early twenties and had 10-11 children, most of whom survived to adulthood. The population doubled every 20 years, much faster than New France.
Fines in New France are levied on the fathers of unmarried men 20 years old and unmarried girls 16 years old. The Sovereign Council abolished a 10% duty on dry goods and imposed duties on liquor and tobacco.
The Recollect priests are allowed to returned to New France now that the Jesuit had lost their iron grip on the colony. They are the original order, having been displaced by the Jesuit. Louis XIV ordered 100,000 Livres of silver and copper coins minted for use in New France.
The French King established a King’s gift for males who marry before age twenty and females before age sixteen. Three hundred livres to those with ten children, and four hundred livres to those with twelve.
The Northampton County of free Negroes is so successful, they are importing English and African slaves to such an extent that the assembly declared it illegal for a Negro to own a white slave or servant.
It is noted that Montreal has Indian slaves at this time.
The mission Sorel de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Acadia had less than 500 European Settlers after nearly 3/4 century of settlement. Civil war and conflicts with the English prevented and significant settlement.
The word boucaner meaning to dry and smoke meat or fish evolved to mean to hunt on the sea for booty, as a pirate or boucanier. The English changed it to buccaneer.
April: (II)-Louis Garnaud is born April 2, 1670 at L’Ange Gardien son (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue, their second child. French policy is beginning to take hold, as one hundred and fifty King’s girls arrived this year with all married except fifteen, and they are, the officials claimed, with good background and even a little education.
April 25: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Jean Cote, Metis, died March 16, 1739, Quebec son (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page; married February 8, 1694, Beauport, Marie Anne Langlois
May 2: King Charles II of England creates the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England (Hudson Bay Company) to trade into the Hudson Bay as proposed by Groseilliers and Radisson. New France is shocked upon learning that Groseilliers and Radisson have led the English so far north to trade in the North Bay.
May 21: Montreal, birth (I)-Michelle Chauvin daughter (I)-Pierre Chauvin (1631-1699) and Marthe Autreuil (1636-1714); Married October 24, 1695, Montreal, Jacques Nepveu; three of Michelle’s children were taken by the savages near Ouabache
June 11: Ste Famille, marriage (I)-Michel Aubin de Tourouve to (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, born December 28. 1647, Quebec, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Silvestre Manitouabewich, d-1665, Marie un-named 1st marriage
June 11: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Thomas Crevier, Metis son (II)-Nicolas Crevier dit Bellerive Metis and Louise Leloutre, b-1648
July 7: Hector d’Andigne de Grandfontaine (1627-1696) signed a treaty of restitution with Thomas Temple (1613-1674), the English Governor of Acadia, at Boston. The English handed over Pentagouet; Jemseg (St. John) on the St. John River; Annapolis Royal (Port Royal); and Fort La Tour.
July 17: Acadia, the ship Saint Sebastien arrived in Pentagoet Bay, Acadia under command of Chadreau de la Clocheterie. There were 40 soldiers Jacques de Chambly, Pierre Joybert (seigneur de Soulanges et de Marson), Sebastien de Villieu), to name a few as well as 13 officers and several gentlemen from the Académie Royale des Sciences who were supposed to help namely Hector d’Andigne, chevalier de Grandfontaine. (I)-Jean-Vincent d’Abbadie de Saint Castin was on this ship including his man servant Renaud de Bordenave
August 6: Sorel, birth (III)-Francois Martin Metis son (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 and Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier. It is noteworthy that this is the first baptismal certificate to the registers of Sorel, Quebec.
Late summer: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) resurfaced in Quebec, claiming to have discovered the Mississippi, which was really absurd given his mental condition the previous year. Some, however, believed him and he was given a commission.
October 7: Quebec birth illegitimate child, Frances Vignaux son Francoise Bourgeois, a Fille du Roi, father unknown, Francoise married November 1670 Paul Vignault (Vignault dit Laverdure,
October 19: Ste Familie, birth (II)-Anne Rate, Metis, died December 25, 1709 Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645; 1st married Jacques De Trepagny; 2nd married March 8, 1707 Chateau Richer, Jean Anglais..
November 10: All future Fillies du Roi will be required to have a certificate of place of origin and they are to be free and of a marriageable state. This is required, as 2 or 3 previous girls are known to be of double marriages (bigamous).
November 11: Ste. Familie, birth (II)-Guillaume Lemieux, Metis, son (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696).
November 11: Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, born January 12, 1647, Trois Riveres, died February 19, 1720, la Baie du Febvre and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers; married (II)-Marie Baudry, b-1650, died December 1, 1734 daughter (I)-Urbain Baudry..
November 14: Sillery, Quebec, birth, (II)-Louis Durand dit Couturier, Metis, son (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671) and Catherine (Katherine) d’Annannontak Huronne b-1648; 1st marriage September 9, 1698, Quebec, Quebec (II)-Elisabeth Agnes Michel dit Taillon b-1682, died May 12, 1718 St. Antoine-Tilly daughter (I)-Oliver Michel; 2nd marriage January 30, 1719 St. Nicolas, Quebec Jeanne Houde, b-1685, died April 5, 1749 Lavaltrie, veuve de Jean Magnan. Catherine 2nd marriage 1672, Jacques Coutourier, b-1646;
November 15: Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Soumande, Metis, died October 30, 1687, Montreal, son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
November 17: Quebec, birth (III)-Daniel Pinguet, Metis, son (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; married November 24, 1676 Quebec (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1751.
November 20: Ste Famille, birth (II)-Pierre Aubin, Metis son (I)-Michel Aubin de Tourouve and (II)- Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, b-1647; married Marie Paradis
November 25: Beauport, birth Michel Chevalier, Metis, son Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec: married January 10, 1695 Beauport, Charlotie Parant.
December 15: Quebec, birth/death (III)-Marie Langlois, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau:
1671
The population of Acadia numbering 340 is enumerated for its first census. Others suggest Port Royal, Acadia alone numbered 361 souls, 580 cattle, 406 sheep and 364 acres of land under cultivation.
(II)-Etlienne Brault dit Pominville, b-1671 Quebec son (I)-Henry Brault b-1640 and * Claude De Cheurenville dit Lafontaine a fille du roi (1665) who said her name is Lafontaine; 1st married June 8, 1716 Quebec (II)-Marie Louis Palin (1697-1717) daughter (I)-Mathurin Palin dit D’Abonville (1649-1756) and (II)-Louise Renaud. d-1744; 2nd marriage October 15, 1718 Rimoiski, Marguerite Sauvagesse; * Tanguay says she (II)-Claude De Cheurenville is daughter (I)-Jacques De Cheuraineville and Marguerite Bauden. Claude is likely the daughter Lafontaine who drown November 6, 1646 Kebec and was sent back to France for education and possibly a Metis. Henry 2nd marriage August 11, 1692 Quebec (II)-Marie Ursule Bouduc b-1675 epouse August 11, 1700 Levis, Jeam Baptiste Drapeau
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1671 and entered into contract of marriage
Anne Adam, married Jean Poliquin,
Anne Arinart, married Jean Réal; 2nd marriage 1678 Antoine Lefort,
Mary Ariot, married René Vandet
Catherine Auger, (arrived 1671) not married this year
Joan Auger, married Sébastien Nolet dit Larivière, said his name is Lariviere
Madeleine Auvray, married Nicolas Matte, Nicolas
Anne Barillet, married Guy Vacher
Catherine Beaudin, married Pierre Coquin dit La Tournelle, said his name is La Tournelle
Marthe Beauregard, married Gabriel Lemieux
Catherine Beuzelin, married Jean Lonlabard
Joan Blondeau, married René Abraham dit Desmarais, said his name is Desmarais
Antoinette Bluteau, married David Lacroix
Marie-Louise Bolper, b-1652, married François Marceau; 2nd marriage 1687 Gabriel Roger; 3rd marriage 1701 Antoine-Olivier Quiniart dit Duplessis,
Joan Caillé, married Jacques Renouard dit St-Étienne, said his name is St-Etienne
Mary Caille, married Jacques Pepin
Mary Magdalene Canard, married Crespin Thuillier dit La Tour, said his name is La Tour,
Henrietta Cartois, married Michel Audebout dit Belhumeur, said his name is Belhumeur; 2nd marriage 1675 André Patry; 3rd marriage 1702 Jean Coutelet dit La Rochelle, said his name is La Rochelle
Marie-Reine Charpentier, married ouis Prinseau, Louis; 2nd marriage 1681Étienne Domingo dit Carabi, said his name is Carabi
Joan Chevalier, married Guillaume Lecanteur dit Latour; 2nd marriage 1679 Robert Lévesque; 3rd marriage 1701 François Deschamps de La Bouteillerie
Catherine Clerice, married Jacques Lussier
Elizabeth Cretel, married Nicolas Langlois
Mary Croiset, married Jean Laquerre dit Rencontre, said his name is Rencontre; 2nd marriage Pierre Lévesque
Anne Dailly, married Jacques Lesot
Marie De Bérunine, (arrived 1671) not married this year
Nicole De Bonin, married Damien Quatresous
Catherine De La Tour Envoivre, (arrived 1671) not married this year
Madeleine De Roybon D’Alonne, (arrived 1671) not married this year
Jeanne-Marie De Guesnel, married Jean Castineau
Elizabeth De Laguéripière, married Jean De Rainville
Catherine De Lalor, married Louis Badaillac dit Laplante, said his name is Laplante
Diane De La Motte, (arrived 1671) not married this year
Margaret De Laplace, married Pierre. Lesiège dit Lafontaine, said his name is Lafontaine; 2nd marriage 1696 Pierre Brébant dit Lecompte, said his name is Lecompte
Joan Languille, married François Allard
Nicole Philippeau, b-1655 married 1671 (I)-Mathurin Gauthier (Gautier) dit Landreville (1643-1711)
Margaret Poignet, said her name is Beauregard, married François Cousson dit Langoumois, said his mame is Langoumois
Madeleine Raclos (Raclot) (1656-1724) married (I)-Nicolas Perrot (1644-1718)
Margaret Sel, m. Contrat Noël,
(II)-Jean Martin, Metis born 1671 son (I)-Pierre Martin and Anne Ouestnorouest; married1696 Madeleine Babin b-1678 daughter Antoine Babin and Marie Mercier
THIRTEEN RECORDED CHILDREN
(III)-Claire Martin, Metis 1697, married Pierre Vinet; 2nd marriage Julien Plessis
(III)-Cecile Martin Metis, b-1698/1704, married 1720 Montreal (I)-Etienne Trunet dit Francoeur (1681-1746)
(III)-Anne Martin, Metis, 1699, married Jean-Baptiste Jehannot
(III)-Marie Josephe Martin, Metis b-1700, married Jean Bourhis
(III)-Isabelle (Elizabeth) Metis, b-1702, married Philibert Pineau
(III)-Marguerite Martin, Metis married Jean Guilton
(III)-Jean-Baptiste Martin, Metis b-1709
(III)- Metis daughter b-1707
(III)-Joseph Martin, Metis b-1713, married Julienne Paul
(III)-Francois Martin, Metis b-1715
(III)-Metis daughter b-1717
(III)-Pierre Martin, Metis b-1722
(III)-Louis Martin, Metis b-1724
(I)-Nicolas Perrot (1644-1718) married Madeleine Raclot, (1656-1724) an orphaned Filles du Roi, of mother. Nicolas was a great explorer of the Upper Mississippi, an interpreter of many languages, a fur trader having formed his own company and commandant and diplomat working out of Green Bay and Mackinac.
RECORDED CHILDREN ARE:
(II)-Nicolas Perrot, b-1674, married Marguerite Bourdeau.
(II)-Michel Perrot b-1677, married 1712, Three Rivers, Francoise Bigot.
(II)-Marie Anne Perrot, b-1681, married 1715 Francois Bigot.
(II)-Pierre Perrot, b-1682 married twice, 2nd time 1718 Marie Anne Lescarbot.
(II)-Claude Perrot, b-1683, married 1714, Marie Goulet.
(II)-Jean Perrot, b-1690, married 1714, Marie Quintin
(II)-Claire Vincent Metis b-1671 daughter (I)- Jean-Vincent d’Abbadie de Saint Castin and Mathilde Madokawando; He married a second time 1685, Acadia to Marie Pidiwammiskawa, sister of Mathilde. Their father was Chief Madokawando an Abenaki (1630-1696).
(II)-Anonyme Garnaud is born and died January 29, 1671 at Chateau Richer. (II)-Charles Garnaud is born August 9, 1671 L’Ange Gardien and assumed to have been stillborn. They are both the children of (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue. The population of Acadia is four hundred and forty one.
Virginia passed a law declaring that neither baptism nor conversion could affect a persons bondage or freedom.
St. Lusson
St. Lusson at Sault Ste. Marie, claiming the Ojibwa Nation to the West for France. The People were not amused when they discovered the intention of his act.
Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, is ordered by Intendant (I)-Jean Talon to go to the Hudson Bay to verify reports of the presence there of French speaking Europeans in the service of the Hudson Bay Company.
France, already mistress of Acidia and Canada as far as Lake Ontario, took possession of all the regions, discovered or to be discovered, from the Northern Sea to the Southern Sea and from the Western Sea to Lakes Huron and Superior. She appointed herself the exclusive dominion of all North America except the British colonies boarding on the Atlantic and Mexican territories.
Simon Francois Daumont de Saint Lusson, the infamous, on his return to Quebec, called for the seizure of the furs brought back by (I)-Nicholas Perrot (Pere) dit Turbal, a.k.a. Joly Coeur (Jolly Soul) (1644-1717), a freeman ( Coureurs des Bois). Although Perrot was in the employ of the Jesuits or maybe because of his relationship with the Jesuits, this action humbled Perrot, forcing him into debt to his creditors. It was because of Perrot that the French could make claim (although a false claim) on all lands West, North and South of Sault Ste Marie. It was he who brought the fourteen Nations together with the French at Sault Ste Marie on June 4. Nicolas Perrot, this year, married Madeleine Raclos, and like many Coureurs des Bois, settled in Trois Rivers and raised 11 children. He would continue to serve New France in the 1680′s; a true masochist. In 1696 he would retire in poverty with no recognition of his contribution to Canada. He couldn’t even afford paper to complete his memoirs. “Shame on the French Regime”.
March 20: Pointe aux Trembles, birth (II)-Joacqine Francois Lienard Durbois died February 25, 1724 Pointe aux Trenbles son (I)-Sebastien (1628-1701) and (II)-Francoise Pelletier d-1707 veuve Jean Beriau; 1st married Marie Madeleine Arpot Wabanquiquois, resulting in one son (III)-Francois Lienard Metis; 2nd marriage October 16, 1713 Marie Agnes Cormeau resulting in three children..
April 21: Quebec, birth (III)-Jeanne Miville. Metis, daughter, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687); married November 21, 1689, Quebec, Denis Boucher.
May 2: Quebec, birth (II)-Francoise Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married April 21, 1686, St. Thomas, Jacques Boule.
May 31; Quebec, birth (II)-Piere Vachon, Metis, died January 17, 1703 Beauport, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married March 5, 1696 Quebec, Marie Catherine Soulard.
August 6: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Jeanne Lefebvre, Metis daughter (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers;
August 12: Three Rivers, Quebec, Julien de la Touche b-1641 at age 30 married (II)-Elizabeth Therese Bertault b-1659 at age 12, daughter (I)-Jacques Bertault, b-1626 and (I)-Gillette Bonne, b-1636. Julien would be murdered in 1672 by (I)-Gillette Bonne and her husband.
September 7: Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, arrived Lac Saint Jean where he wintered for his quest to determine the presence of Europeans on the shores of the Northern Bay. He wintered with the Mistassini Peoples.
September 14, Ste Family, birth (II)-Jacques Cordeau, Metis son (I)-Jean Cordeau dit Desloriers b-1636 and Catherine Latour dit Simonet Metis (1638-1678); married August 22, 1702, Chateau Richer Marguerite Toupin
September 17: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Cecile Gervaise, Metis, daughter, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married November 20, 1684, Ville-Marie (Montreal), (II)-Francois Prudhomme, (1651-1741).
September 27, Quebec, birth (III)-Charles Pelletier, Metis, died October 8, 1713, Quebec, son (II)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1698) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); 1st married January 7, 1697 Riviere Ouelle, Therese Ouellet; 2nd marriage January 12, 1711 Riviere Ouelle, Barbe St. Pierre
September 28: Quebec, marriage (I)-Louis Gesseron dit Brulot b-1639 to (II)-Agathe Fournier, Metis, b-1657 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1638.
(II)-Louis Gesseron, Metis b-? and (II)-Angelique Gesseron, Metis b-?
October 21: (I)-Jean Talon, Intendant of New France, issued an ordinance compelling bachelors to marry the King’s Girls within 15 days of the arrival of the vessels bringing the women, or be prohibited from fishing, hunting and trading for furs.
November 2: (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) complained that 15 girls (Filles du Roi) of quality arrived in Quebec when only 4 were requested. He said it is difficult to find appropriate matches. (I)-Louis de Bunde, count de Frontenac (1620-1698), would also complain, later this month, that it is difficult to find appropriate matches for ladies of quality. It is not clear if ‘ladies of quality’ means the ability to read and write or of a special social standing. He went on to write that the birth of six to seven hundred babies this year confirmed the fertility of the country. He advised it would not be necessary to send more girls the next year in order for the colonists to more easily give their daughters in marriage.
1672
LISTED AMONG THE FILLE DU ROI IN 1667 ?
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1643), married Pierre Pouillard, October 12, 1667
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1647), married Michel Verret, Michel, dit Laverdure, October 13, 1669 Michel Verret,
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1656), married 1672, Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre, 1672;
Possibility Marie Deschamps is a savague?
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1672 and entered into contract of marriage
Louise Andre, married Nicolas Bossu dit Le Prince,said his name is Prince
Antoinette Bagau, said her name is De Beaurenom, married Pierre Roberge dit Lacroix, lsaid his name is Lacroix
Madeleine Bailly, (illegitimate child, Marie-Jeanne b-1692), married Guillaume Vanier dit Lafontaine, said his name is Lafontaine; 2nd marriage 1697 Joseph Fernando
Stephanie Beaudon, married Tugal Cotin,
Renee Biret, married Pierre Balan dit Lacombe, said his name is Lacombe; 2nd marriage Jean Brias dit Latreille, said his name is Latreille; 3rd marriage 1709 François Lavergne,
Anne Blainvillain, married Louis Charbonnier dit St-Laurent, said his name is St-Laurent
Mary Charebert, married Jean Lesieur dit Calot, said his name is Calot; 2nd marriage 1694 Louis Defoy,
Marie-Reine Charpentier, married Louis Prinseau; 2nd marriage 1681 Stephen Domingo dit Carabi, said his name is Carabi
Marie-Marguerite De Provinlieu, married Jean Houssy dit Bellerose et L’Irlande, said his name is Bellerose and Ireland
Marie Deschamps, (see above 1643, 1647 & 1656), married Marin Marais dit Labarre, said his name is Labarre,
Catherine Desenne, married Jean Senécal
Catherine De Valois, married Benoît Laîné dit Leboesme, said his name is Leboesme,
Catherine Ducharme, married Pierre Roy dit St-Lambert, said his name is St-Lambert
Marie-Madeleine Duval, married Jacques Joubert
Michelle Duval, married Pierre Bon dit Lacombe, said his name is Lacombe,
Mary Halay, married ? Pierre Petit, (in France); 2nd marriage 1672 Antoine Augeron,
Suzanne Lacroix, married Jacque Savaria
Jeanne Lecomte, married Oliver De Laroux dit Desroches, said his name is Desroches; 2nd marriage 1677 Julien Averty dit Langevin, said his name is Langevin
Marie Lecomte, married Jacques Habert,
Margaret Lemerle De Hautpré, married Laurent Bory dit Grandmaison, said his name is Grandmaison
Catherine Lemesle, married Pierre Morin
Jeanne-Marie-Anne Liniere, married Louis Aumeau
Catherine Louvet, married Guillaume Brassard
Mary Masseron, married François Marset,
Mary Moitie, married Jean Magnan dit Lespérance, says his name is Lesperance,
Margaret Moutrachy, married Antoine Dupré dit Champagne, said his name is Champagne
Madeleine Papin, married Jacques Cachelièvre
Mary Pechina, married Guillaume Gourault dit La Gaillardise, said his name is Gaillardise
Jeanne Petit, married François Séguin dit Ladéroute, said his name is Ladéroute
Joan Quelvé, married Jean-Baptiste Brassard
Anne Rabady, married Antoine Lécuyer
Jeanne Renard, said her name is Lecointe married Jacques Dion
Margaret Richer, married Jean Verdon
Marie Riviere, married Ratier dit Dubuisson,
Marie-Jeanne Toussaint, married Noël Carpentiertour
Margaret Viard, married Mathurin Bénard dit Lajeunesse, said his name is Lajeunesse; 2nd marriage 1682 Jean Inard dit Provençal, said his name is Provencal; 3rd marriage 1684 Joseph Serran dit L’Espagnol, said his name is L’Espagnol,
(II)-Pierre Charron, Metis, b-1672, New France, son (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, of New France, baptized March 30, 1646 La Rochelle, France. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France: married November 4, 1697, Boucherville, Marie Robin.
(I)-Jacques Couturier b-1646, married likely Sillery, Quebec Catherine Annennontank, Huronne, Anota, Annanonis, Ananontha, sauvageese, b-1649, veuve September 23, 1662, Quebec de (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671).
(II)-Noel Langlois dit Traversy, Metis d-October 9, 1693 Beauport son (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1684) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) sauvagesse: 1st married most likely 1672, Beauport (II)-Aymee Caron d-October 5, 1685: 2nd marriage December 2, 1686, Beauport, (II)-Genevieve Parent.
Father (I)-Claude Jean Allouez (1613-1689) and Father Claude Dablon prepared a map of Lac Tracy (Lake Superior) likely based on maps by Etienne Brule’s expedition of 1616 and/or Grosseilliers and Radisson expeditions of 1659-1660 and likely the maps of the Ojibwa People.
Pierre de Saurel de Sorel and wife Jeanne de Giraud is granted the seigneury of Sorel, Quebec. Sorel is at the mouth of the River Richelieu 88 km northeast Ville-Marie (Montreal) on the St. Lawrence River. In 1787 it was renamed William Henry but again renamed Sorel in 1860. A mission was established at Sorel in 1670.
War again breaks out in Europe, England declared war on Holland and France joined the English against Holland. Immigration to New France stops for the next three generations. A generation is usually considered to be 15-20 years. It is noteworthy that 15,000 people came to New France between 1608 to 1672 but only 3,000 stayed in the colonies. The exodus of the French to become Coureurs des Bois ran from 40 to 50% most years. It is significant that the King’s Daughters are estimated to number some 1,000 women, and given their husbands, they account for 2/3 of the New France Colony. The Metis at this time likely outnumbered the New France Colony, but are spread over a wide territory.
The further dispatch of ‘Filles du Roi’ to New France ended because of the war with the Dutch. As a result of the war with Holland, a Dutch squadron captured New York, August 9, 1673.
The Jesuits are accused before the French King of baptizing more beavers than Indians.
The horse population of New France had risen to 100.
The French Minister wrote to Intendant Talon of New France “as after the increase of the colony, there is nothing more important for the colony than the discovery of a passage to the south sea, his majesty wishes you to give it your attention.” Talon chose Jollet and Marguette to discover the South Sea by the Maskoutens Country. It was believed the Mississippi River emptied into the California Sea. They were unaware the Spanish last century had already explored this route to Chicago. They eventually realized the Mississippi River emptied into the Gulf of Mexico that was controlled by the Spanish and aborted their mission so as not to fall into Spanish hands. They failed to reach the mouth of the river.
January 13: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Soumande, Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
January 19: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Angelique Genevieve Cloutier, Metis, died April 15, 1699, Chateau Richer, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699);
January 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (II)-Jean Baptiste Tessier, Metis, died May 20, 1736, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal); married, November 4, 1698, Ville-Marie (Montreal), (III)-Elisabeth Regnaut, b-1681, died November 11, 1747, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (II)-Antoine Regnaut.
February 3: Quebec, birth (II)-Laurent Du Bocq (Dubeau), Metis, died July 15, 1731 St. Augustin, son (I)-Laurent Du Bocq (Dubeau) b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse, d-1689; 1st marriage September 23, 1697 St. Augustin, Francoise Campagna; 2nd marriage September 10, 1718, St. Augustin, Marie Sevigny.
February 14: l’Ange Gardien, birth (II)-Elizabeth Lemieux, Metis, daughter (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696): married January 21, 1691 St. Thomas, Jacques Couillard.
February 21: Chateau Richer, marriage (II)-Louis Prevost, Metis, b-1651, died May 27, 1686, Beauport, son (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre, Sauvagesse (1626-1665): married (II)-Francoise Gagnon, b-1655: second marriage February 17, 1681 (II)-Marguerite Careau, b-1662.
March 19: Sillery, birth (III)-Angelique Pinguet, Metis, died May 13, 1744, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; 1st married June 7, 1688 Quebec (I)-Pierre Bodin b-1641; 2nd marriage April 30, 1703, Quebec Francois Laraue.
April 6: (I)-Louis de Buade de Fontenac et de Palluau (1622-1698), godson of Louis XIII, is appointed Governor of New France and served September 12, 1672 to September 1682 and again from October 12, 1689 to 1698. It is reported that he accepted this assignment to escape his creditors. He quarreled with the Jesuits, Intendent (1675-1682) (I)-Jacques Duchesneau (d-1696) over the fur trade. All three parties were deeply involved in the fur trade to their own benefit. (I)-Louis de Bunde, count de Frontenac (1620-1698), defied the policies and guidelines established by France to pursue his own fur trade empire. Some believe his actions set the stage for the loss of New France to the English.
April 23: Quebec, birth (III)-Genevieve Langlois, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau:
May 15: Three Rivers, Quebec, (I)-Jacques Bertault, b-1626 wife (I)- Gillette Bonne, b-1636 and their daughter (II)-Isabelle Elizabeth Therese Bertault La Touche, b-1659, attempted to murder Julien de la Touche, b-1641, by poison in his soup. This failed.
May 16: Three Rivers, Quebec, (I)-Jacques Bertault, b-1626 wife (I)- Gillette Bonne, b-1636 and their daughter (II)-Isabelle Elizabeth Therese Bertault La Touche, b-1659, murdered Julien de la Touche, b-1641, by beating him to death.
May 20: Three Rivers, Quebec, (I)-Jacques Bertault, b-1626 appear in court for murder but his wife (I)- Gillette Bonne, b-1636 and their daughter (II)-Isabelle Elizabeth Therese Bertault La Touche, b-1659, fled into the woods.
May 20: (I)-Jacques Bertault, b-1626 wife (I)- Gillette Bonne, b-1636 and their daughter (II)-Isabelle Elizabeth Therese Bertault La Touche, b-1659, were sent to Quebec for trial for the murder of Julien de la Touche, b-1641, husband of Elizabeth.
June 8: Quebec (I)-Jacques Bertault, b-1626 wife (I)- Gillette Bonne, b-1636 and their daughter (II)-Isabelle Elizabeth Therese Bertault La Touche, b-1659, are sentenced to death for the murder of Julien de la Touche, b-1641, husband of Elizabeth. (II)-Isabelle Elizabeth Therese Bertault La Touche, b-1659, was excluded from hanging because of her age, 13.
June 9: Quebec (I)-Jacques Bertault, b-1626 and his wife (I)- Gillette Bonne, b-1636 were hanged and (II)-Isabelle Elizabeth Therese Bertault La Touche, b-1659, was ordered to watch for her part in the murder of her husband Julien de la Touche, b-1641.
June 28: Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, and company reached the mouth of the Rupert River, James Bay. Albanel claimed the Bay for France. He confirmed that the Coureurs des Bois, (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) and (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?), were indeed with the British. They found a British ship and two deserted houses but no Europeans.
July 7: Quebec, birth (II)-Pierre Alphonses Blanchet, Metis son (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638; married November 18, 1699 Cap St. Ignace, Louise Gagne.
August 9: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Marguerite Cote, Metis, died March 3, 1709, Beauport son (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page; 1st married Andre Parent; 2nd marriage February 2, 1701, Beauport, Noel Marcoux.
September: Louis de Baude, Comte de Palluau (1620-1698), Governor (1672-82 & 1689-98), in September, arrived in Fort Quebec as the new Governor and Lieutenant General with Intendant Duchesneau. The former Governor, Daniel de Remy, Sieur de Courcelle (1665-1672), and Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) are to shortly leave for France. Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) referred to the Coureurs des Bois as those woodsmen engaged in trading without permits and therefore are outlaws. He also wrote those traders are men without Christianity, without sacrament, without religion, without priests, without magistrates and are sole masters of their own actions and of the application of their wills. The number of permits issued each year is limited to twenty-five. Once a Coureurs des Bois, they could not return to New France. Anyone going into the woods without a permit is whipped and branded for the first offense. The directive from France set life in the galleys of the Mediterranean for second offenses. Only the Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), remained of the old guard and is quick to use Duchesneau to attack (I)-Louis de Bunde, count de Frontenac (1620-1698); the Huguenot.
October 17: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) to Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family, there are no Lacroix prior to this date.
November 13: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Marie Renee Lefebvre, Metis, died December 24, 1672, Trois Rivieres, daughter (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers;
November 17: Quebec, (II)-Francoise Duverger daughter (I)-Jean Jacques Duverger and (I)-Suzanne of the Valley married and killed Simon Galbrun and then married Jean Boutin, she also aborted several children in infanticide. She was hung and strangled this day.
December 11: Quebec, birth (III)-Marguerite Prevost, Metis, died May 14, 1684, Beauport, daughter (II)-Louis Prevost (1651-1672) and (II)-Francoise Gagnon
1673
The mission Beauport de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1673 and entered into contract of marriage
Joan Amiot, married Nicolas Pion dit Lafontaine, said his name is Lafontaine; 2nd marriage 1704 François Chicoine,
Margaret Andrieu, married Pierre Augran dit Lapierre, said his name is Lapierre,
Marie-Anne Bamonte, married Vincent Morisseau
Anne Bauge, married Guillaume Corruble,
Mary Beaugrand, married Charles Marquis
Joan Beauveau, Joan, married Jean-Pierre Blet dit Gazaille, said his name is Gazaille
Mary Bellehache, married Gillis Bourret dit Lépine, said his name is Lepine
Margaret Berrin, (illegitimate child, Jean-Baptiste b-1673), married 1675 Julien Bouin
Barbara Boyer, Barbara, married Paul Cartier; 2nd married 1698 Nicolas Foulon dit Dumont, said his name is Dumont
Jeanne Braconnier, married Crespen Thuillier dit La Tour, said his name is La Tour; 2nd marriage 1675 Charles Édeline,
Helen Calais married Blaise Belleau dit Larose, said his name is Larose
Mary Chancy, married Michel Prézeau dit Chambly, said his name is Chambly
Denise Colin, Denise, maaried Roch Thouin; 2nd married Antoine Gloria dit Desrochers, said his name is Desrochers
Marie-Madeleine Charbonnier, said her name is Seigneur, married François Lenoir dit Rolland, said his name is Rolland,
Charlotte De Larue, married Jean Lavanois,; 2nd marriage Andre Morin,
Mary Leroux, married Jacques Enaud dit Canada, said his name is Canada before 1673; 2nd marriage 1691 Pierre Borneuf,
Marie Denise Marier, b-1654 married Jean Quenneville
Frances Paris, married Pierre. Petitclerc, ; 2nd marriage Pierre Élie
Barbara Roteau, married Pierre Moisan,; 2nd marriage Jacques Renaud
Marguerite Roussel, b-1646, married Mathurin Duchiron dit Deslauriers, said his name is Deslauriers; 2nd married Étienne Burel,
Margaret Rousselot, married Charles Flibot
Catherine Roy, married Pierre Salvail; another marriage before 1669 Jean De Miray, Jean, avant 1669 De Miray
Marie-Madeleine Sel, married Louis-Pierre Auriot; 2nd marriage 1681 Pierre Chaussé dit Lemeine, said his name is Lemeine
Madeleine Tisserand married Pierre Parenteau dit Lafontaine, said his name is Lafontaine; 2nd married Jean Charpentier
Anne-Marie Vanzègue, married Hubert Leroux dit Rousson, said his name is Rousson; 2nd marriage Gabriel Cardinal, Gabriel
The population of New France is 6,705.
(I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687), a would be Jesuit with mental instability, joined the coterie of Governor General (I)-Louis de Bunde, count de Frontenac (1620-1698), with whose support he obtained letters of nobility. At the French Court, two clerics, Abbes Eusebe Renaudot Renaudot and Claude Bernou, to advance their own careers on La Salle’s coattails, obtained a commission for him to explore the mid-west.
Trois Tivieres, Quebec, birth (II)-June Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, daughter (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1665) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699). might be an error or baptism not birth see below;
Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Jean Baptiste Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, b-1673, son (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690), and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e, Algonquine sauvagesse (1631- 1699); married before November 24, 1706, Lachine, Anne Sauvagesse (Algonkin or Sokokoi) b-1705, Lachine.
(I)-Louis de Baud Count of Frontenac (1620-1698) wrote that (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687) and the Jesuit Fathers suggest that the English are attempting to break the treaty between the Ottawas and Canada. (I)-Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, went to Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) on January 13 to imprison Governor Francois Marie Perrot (1644-1691) of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) for his dealings with the Coureurs des Bois.
Charles Bayly (1630-1680), Governor of the Hudson Bay Company, returned to Charles Fort then went on to establish a post at Moose River on Hayes Island.
Quebec birth illegitimate child, Jean-Baptiste b-1673 of Margaret Berrin, father unknown Margaret married 1675 Julien. Bouin, Julien, dit Dufresne
(III)-Marie Madeleine Pinguet b-1673, died June 19, 1743 Quebec, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704 and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; married (II)-Francois Mercan
Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, is ordered to return to the Hudson Bay to persuade (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?) to return to France’s service. He is detained by the English and did not return to New France until 1676. He then went to the Western district where he served until his death.
Intendant Duchesneau contended that eight hundred men, about forty percent of the adult male population, had taken to the woods. The New France population is 6,705. (I)-Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, wanted to teach the Natives French. The Jesuit wanted to retain their control and argued this would have no spiritual benefit. (I)-Louis de Baud, count of Frontenac (1620-1698), is more blunt and said the Jesuits want to keep the Natives in their control. They think more of beaver skins than of souls. Their missions are pure mockeries. Both Frontenac and Talon sought to reduce the overwhelming religious influence and make the Roman Church obey the state. The State assumed more control over education, marriage and the keeping of registers. The bottom line issue was Papal infallibility and those who didn’t believe it was dogma.
(II)-Anonyme Garnaud is born and died October 7, 1673 at L’Ange Gardien, New France child (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue.
The Dutch being at war with France attacked and plundered Fort Jemseg at the mouth of the St. John River and went on to attack Fort Penobscot which was then abandoned by the French.
A French priest wrote his superior in France about maple sap. The first record of the French making maple syrup until 1706. The Indians have been making maple syrup for centuries. Legend suggests a lazy Indian woman was too lazy to walk to the stream for water, used tap sap for boiling venison. Her husband found the taste extremely pleasent ands by dropping hot stones into the sap it made it stronger, thicker, dark and smoky.
February 1: A four point decree is issued in New France:
* Merchants are forbidden to go to Trois Riveres, Ville-Marie (Montreal) or other places on the Upper River for the purpose of selling or delegating the sale of merchandise, in large or small quantities, to the French or Natives, directly or indirectly, and they are not allowed to be present in such locations from June 1st to the last day of October.
* No owner of a dwelling above the City of Ville-Marie (Montreal), or any other city is allowed to prevent Natives, directly or indirectly, from getting to the location of the fair, nor to stop them upon their return, under what ever pretext.
* When Natives are in Ville-Marie (Montreal) for the purpose of trading, it is forbidden to influence where and with whom they trade. They must be left entirely free to go trading where or with whom they wish (within those authorized merchants of Ville-Marie (Montreal)).
* No person without a family, except children of the land (Metis?), is allowed to trade with the Natives for his own profit or someone else’s, also under penalty of a fine of 200 livres.
February 4: Sorel, birth (III)-Antoine Martin Metis son (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 and Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier; married January 16, 1698 Francoise Fevrier.
March 1: Quebec, birth, (II)-Charles Couturier, Metis, died April 25, 1699, Batiscan, Quebec, son (I)-Jacques Couturier b-1646, and Catherine Annennontank, Huronne, b-1649, veuve September 23, 1662, de Jean Durand (1640-1671).
April 4: Quebec, birth (III)-Anne Miville. Metis, died March 11, 1717, Ste Anne, daughter, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687); married May 13, 1691 Riviere Ouelie, Mathurin Dube.
April 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Louis Fournier, Metis, died November 3, 1674, Quebec, son (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637
May 14: Beauport, birth Jeanne Chevalier, Metis, died April 4, 1746 Quebec, daughter Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec: married November 24, 1692, Beauport
June 4: Ste. Familie, birth (II)-Pierre Lemieux, Metis, son (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696).
June 5: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) to (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, born April 10, 1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
June 22: Quebec, marriage (II)-Nicolas Pelletier Metis b-1649 son (I)-Nicolas Pelletier (1596-1679) and Jeannie Rouset Indian/Metis (1622-1689); 1st married Madeleine Tegoussi (Montagnaise), died April 13, 1661, Quebec, veuve d’Augustin Sauvage, daughter of Grand Chief Jean Baptiste Nanabesa; 2nd marriage (II)-Francoise Lamy daughter (I)-Isaac Lamy.
June 29: Ste Familie, birth (II)-Jacques Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645.
July 17: The Dutch attacked Ferryland, Newfoundland.
July 23: Beauport, birth (II)-Nicolas Jacques Savariaux son (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) and Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family
July 28: (I)-Louis de Baud, count Frontenac (1620-1691), built Fort Frontenac at Cataraqui (Catarakoui) (Kingston, Lake Ontario). (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687) received the fur-trading rights for this military Fort. This Fort threatened the trade lines of the Mission of the Mountain of Montreal and the Iroquois. Some suggested that (I)-Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687) and Frontenac are partners. Others, at the time, suggested that Katarakouy or Fort Frontenac is established as a refuge and port of entry for the Coureurs des Bois who are scattered among all the Ottawa Nations to ensure their trade does not fall to the Dutch, English and Iroquois.
September: The last shipment of Filles du Roi arrived Quebec from France, and the program ended. The population of New France had risen to 6,700 people, an increase of 168% in the eleven years since the program had begun. This didn’t include the thousands of Coureurs des Bois who took native wives and escaped to freedom of the interior (Indian Country). Not to mention the growing Metis population. Acadians who married native women numbered 400-500 about this time.
October: (I)-Louis de Baud Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), is warned by the Kings Minister in France, never to give corporate form (Estate General) to the people of Canada. For it is God’s will that whoever is born subject should not reason, but obey. Frontenac is also ordered to quietly suppress the Syndicate of Settlers. France ordered the Governor to consolidate and concentrate the population into towns and villages for better defense and control. The Jesuit held firm to the belief that all male citizens should remain at home to become good husbands and fathers to the glory of God and mother Church. The Coureurs; those runners of the woods, debauched the Natives and endangered their own souls. The Jesuits wanted absolute control of the fur trade and these free traders are defeating their goal. The Sovereign Council ordered all beggars to leave Fort Quebec. Five women had begun begging last year. The King of France sent sixty young women to New France, but promised to give no more assistance to Canada this year.
October 3: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Rene Lefebvre, Metis son (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, died April 28. 1749 Baie du Febvre, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres; married July 7. 1700 Trois Rivieres, Gabrielle Francoise Foucault
October 28: Beauport, birth (III)-Francois Langlois, Metis son (II)-Noel Langlois dit Traversy, Metis d-1693 and (II)-Aymee Caron d-1685: married September 17, 1696 Beauport, Jeanne Baugis.
November 18: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Agnas Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married October 25, 1691, Chateau Richer, Joseph Fortin.
December 8: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Urbain Gervaise, Metis, son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); 1st married October 1, 1696, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Marie Caron, died August 8, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal); 2nd married March 19, 1701, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Genevieve Perthus.
1674
The mission Pointe aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal) de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1674 and entered into contract of marriage
Anne Aubry, married Antoine Caillé dit Brûlefer & Biscornet, said his name is Brûlefer & Biscornet
Frances Aubry, married Antoine Mercier dit Lépine, said his name is Lepine; 2nd marriage Vincent Chatigny, said his name is Lepine
Anne Beraud, said her name is Dubreuil, married Mathieu Jarosson
Marie-Claude Chamois, married François Frigon
Frances Dufaye, married Martin Pire dit Henne, said his name is Henne
Margaret Jasselin, (illegitimate child, Jean, b-1674), married 1676 Mathurin Lelièvre (1646-1683); 2nd marriage Nicolas Lemoine
Constance Lepage, married François Garinet,
Denise Marie, married Jean Quenneville; 2nd marriage Jean Guilbert dit Laframboise, said his name is Laframboise,
(I)-Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, arrested and imprisoned for one year Francois Marie Perrot (1644-1691), Governor of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) and nephew of Talon, for illegal dealings with the Coureurs des Bois. He is accused of sedition, illicit trade and for his violent conduct. He is sent to the Bastile in Paris but is shortly freed and appointed Governor of Acadia. Frontenac also complained to Colbert that the Jesuits stated their mission was to instruct the Indians or rather to get beavers and not to be parish priests to the French.
Quebec, birth Marie Therese Chevalier, Metis, daughter Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec: married February 1696, Beauport, Etienne Parant.
(II)-Pierre Lamoureux de St. Germain b-1649 son (I)-Jean Lamoureux; married likely Bout de I’lle, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Marguerite Pigarouiche, sauvagesse
Quebec birth illegitimate child, Jean, b-1674 son Margaret Jasselin and unknown father, Margaret married Mathurin Lelièvre; 2nd marriage Nicolas Lemoine
(III)-Michel Pelletier Metis b-1674 son (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau; married July 9, 1697 Ste. Famille, Francoise Meneux..
The Roman Catholic Church in New France proclaimed they are a law unto themselves, refusing to acknowledge the supremacy of secular tribunals.
Jean Du Val and Thomas are habitants of Isle Jesus not far from Mont Royal.
January 1: Sorel, birth (III)-Joseph Martin Metis died July 28, 1685 Boucherville son (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 and Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier.
January 1: Sorel, birth (III)-Marie Anne Martin Metis daughter (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 and Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier.
February 19: The Treaty of Westminister returned New York to the English.
February 26: Sorel, birth (II)-Therese Charron, Metis, b-1667, New France, daughter (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, of New France, baptized March 30, 1646 La Rochelle, France. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France: married January 30, 1701, Sorel, Antoine Piette.
March 4: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Gesseron, Metis son (I)-Louis Gesseron dit Brulot b-1639 and (II)-Agathe Fournier, Metis, b-1657
April 29: Beauport, birth (III)-Jean Francois Prevost, Metis, son (II)-Louis Prevost (1651-1672) and (II)-Francoise Gagnon
June 3: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Marie Madeleine Langlois, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau:
June 18: Quebec, birth (II)-Guillaume Blanchet, Metis son (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638; married November 9, 1705 St. Michel, Marie Anne Gagne
July 15: The seigniory of Kamouraska (where their are rushes on the other side of the River), Quebec is established by Olivier Morel but he does nothing to develop the area.
July 23; Beauport, birth (II)-Anne Therese Vachon, Metis, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married November 8, 1691 Beauport, Jean Turgeon.
August 8: Boucherville, birth, (II)-Guillaume Froget, Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis; married November 24, 1698, La Pointe aux Trembles de Montreal, Barbe Beauchamp
August 10: Jurriaen Aernoutsz, a Dutch privateer, captured Pentagouet in Acadia and captured Jacques de Chambly (d-1687) Governor Acadia. After plundering the French posts along the Bay of Fundy, Aernoutsz took Jemseg (St. John) and its commander, Pierre de Joybert de Soulanges et de Marson (1641-1678). Aernoutsz claimed Acadia for Holland and took his booty and prisoners to Boston.
August 30: Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, was for the second time at Ruper River where the British seized him and his companions and sent them to prison in London.
August 31: The Sovereign Council ordered all beggars to leave Quebec. This is caused by five women that were begging in 1673.
October 7, Beauport, birth (III)-Marie Charlotte Pelletier, Metis, died September 3, 1699 Riviere Ouelle, daughter (II)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1698) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); married November 10, 1693 Riviere Ouelle, Andre Mignier
1675
The Iroquois began attacking Indian allies of the French.
From 1675 to 1680, seven colonists from Beauport established themselves and their families in the seigneury of Marie-Anne Juchereau, in La Pocatière aka Riviere Ouelle. They were:
1. Noël Pelletier, son of Jean Pelletier, husband of Marie-Madeleine Mignot
2. Guillaume Lizot, husband of Anne Pelletier, Jean’s daugther
3. Nicolas Lebel, husband of Thérèse Mignot, daughter of Jean
4. Jean Mignot, husband of Louise Cloutier and father of Marie-Madeleine and Xaintes
5. René Ouellet, who later wed Thérèse Mignot, widow of Nicolas Lebel
6. Nicolas Huot-Saint-Laurent, husband of Marie Fayet
7. Jean Grondin, husband of Xaintes Mignot
(III)-Francois Lamoureux, Metis, b-1675, died December 30, 1740 Bout De I’lle, Ville-Marie (Montreal) son (II)-Pierre Lamoureux de St. Germain b-1649 and Marguerite Pigarouiche sauvagesse, b-1647; married Marguerite Menard et Benard..
Mission Notre Dame De Foye now called Mission Dame De Lorette is for the Huron and Iroquois People.
Marriage, likely Trois Rivieres (III)-Pierre Noel Le Gardeur to (II)-Marguerite Volant, Metis born November 25, 1659, Trois Rivieres daughter (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, b-1636
Birth (II)-Louise Savariaux dit Savaria daughter (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) and Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family; 1st Married October 29, 1697, Beauport, Louis Metivier; 2nd marriage August 17, 1712 Beauport, (II)-Joseph Fisque, b-1675.
January 28: St. Per, a Repentigny, birth (IV)-Francois Le Gardeur (godfather was brother Pierre b-1657 and godmother was Marie Makais8ing8ots, Algonquine Sauvaggesse) son (III)-Jean Baptiste Le Gardeur De Repentigny and (II)-Marguerite Nicolet
February 11: Quebec, birth, (II)-Jacques Couturier, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Couturier b-1646, and Catherine Annennontank, Huronne, b-1649, veuve September 23, 1662, de Jean Durand (1640-1671).
March 2: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jacques Tessier, Metis son (I)-Urbain Tessier (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis (1636-1719); married May 10, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Marie Adhemar b-1679, died May 17, 1754, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Antoine Adhemar.
April 29: Quebec, birth (III)-Jacques Miville. Metis, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687)
May 11: Jean Oudiette is awarded a monopoly for beaver trade for a period of seven years. At this time, France has at least twice the population of England and many times her wealth. The French, with their Coureurs des Bois, are better explorers and negotiators with the Native peoples; yet with all these advantages she proved incapable of peopling the American Empire that she claimed. Their Policy of one King and one faith (French and Roman Catholic) is the major factor in the decline and fall of the French Empire. This inward myopic focus, even to present times, is destroying their culture and faith.
May 30: (I)-Jacques Duchesneau de La Doussiniere et d’Ambualt (d-1696) is appointed Intendant of New France, taking office on September 16, 1675 and serving until September 1682. He had difficult relations with Governor (I)-Louis de Baude, comte de Frontenac (1620-1698). Duchesneau denounced the illegal trafficking of many of the Coureurs des Bois and suggested that the Governor’s attitude was so permissive as to smack of desire for personal gain. When he backed the Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), in his fight against the sale of alcohol to the Amerindians, Frontenac accused him of being the clergy’s tool. The two antagonists were recalled to France simultaneously: their disputes had injured the colony and angered the minister.
June 5: A edict reorganized the Sovereign Council, now called the Superior Council, being, now, seven members vs. five of old.
August 6: Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Lemieux, Metis, son (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696): married October 24, 1712, Quebec, Elizabeth Franquelin.
August 9: Quebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1638: married May 2, 1707, St. Francois, Ile-Jesus, Pierre Laporte.
August 11: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Marie Madeleine Cote, Metis, died April 13, 1723, Quebec daughter (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page;
August 20: Ste Familie, birth (II)-Pierre Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645.
September 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Reaume died about 1747 likely Green Bay, Wisconsin son (I)-Rene Reaume (1643-1722) and Marie Chevreau b-1652; married Michilimackinac 1720 Simphorose Puaouagoukoue (Symphorose 8a8ab8k8e born before 1695 Upper Country/Great Lakes area, died after 1747 likely Green Bay area.
October 29: Quebec, birth (II)-Philippe Du Bocq, Metis son (I)-Laurent Du Bocq b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse.
November 26: Marie-Anne Dusauçay, Fille du Roi married Louis Rouer, Sieur de Villeray
December 5: Quebec, marriage (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis b-1648 son (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1684) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) d-1665: married (II)-Marie Cadieu, epouse June 19, 1694, Quebec Jean Gosselin.
1676
The missions Lorette & Lachine de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Birth, (II)-Jean Baptiste Froget, Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis; married November 22, 1700 Repentigny, Jeanne Beaudoin.
(III)-Pierre Pelletier Metis b-1676 son (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau; married August 13, 1703 Ste. Famille, Marguerite Rousseau..
The French re-occupied Acadia this autumn.
The French are prohibited from smoking on the streets or carrying tobacco until 1759 for fear of fire. Unlawful to keep hay in houses, for fear of fire. All house owners must install and maintain a ladder against the house to reach the roof in case of fire. At the sound of the bell all citizens must go to the site of the fire with a full pail of water.
Unlawful to accept as payment the cloths that an Indian is presently wearing or his gun, powder and lead shot. An Indian cannot sell his wife or children to pay his debt.
Nobody can give refuge to male or female pimps, and whores.
The village of Sillery is about a league and a half from Quebek (Quebec) on the St. Lawrence River and is for the Algonkins. The Acadian Metis relocated to St. Joseph de Sillery, Quebec during the period 1676 to 1680 to avoid English harrasment..
(II)-Jean Garnaud is born October 9, 1676 at L’Ange-Gardien, New France son (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue. A church built at L’Ange Gardien on the property of Pierre Gendreau alias La Poussiere.
January 4: Sorel, birth (III)-Marie Jeanne Pelletier, Metis, daughter (II)-Nicolas Pelletier Metis, b-1649 and Madeleine Tegoussi (Montagnaise), died April 13, 1661, Quebec, veuve d’Augustin Sauvage, daughter of Grand Chief Jean Baptiste Nanabesa;
January 14: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) to (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724) daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Ville-Marie (Montreal).
January 28: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Marie Lefebvre, Metis daughter (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers; married February 7, 1701 Trois Rivieres, Pierre Niquet
March 25: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Francois Marie Bouat son (I)-Abrabam Bouat b-1644 and (I)-Marguerite De Nevelet b-1644, voyager to Mississippi in 1703.
April 9: Boucherville, birth (II)-Nicolas Charron, Metis, b-1676, New France, son (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, of New France, baptized March 30, 1646 La Rochelle, France. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France:
April 15: A Royal ordinance prohibited the trading of furs in Indian villages, hopefully forcing the Indians to come to French settlements to trade. Street venders cannot sell to Indians between June 15 and August 15 in Ville-Marie (Montreal). It is unlawful to sell foodstuff door to door without first having shown it for sale at the Market until 11 am in Ville-Marie (Montreal). Restaurant owners and resellers cannot buy foodstuff in the Ville-Marie (Montreal) Market before 8 am.
May 7: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Narie Madeleine Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married May 25, 1693, Chateau Richer, Julien Maufils.
May 7: Quebec, birth (II)-Denis Prou Metis son (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638 ; married November 19, 1699 Cap St. Ignace, Anne Gagne.
May 11: Begging is prohibited in Ville-Marie (Montreal) unless a certificate from a parish priest is obtained.
May 20: Jacques de Chambly is appointed Governor of Acadia again, serving until 1678. Nashwaak and Jemseg are granted to Pierre de Joybert. The Dutch returned and began to fortify the deserted French Fort Penobscot. The English at Boston were alarmed and sent three war ships to drive the Dutch home, which they did but the English had no desire to occupy this fort.
July 5: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Blanchet, Metis daughter (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638; 1st married July 27, 1699 St. Thomas, Vincent Chretien; 2nd marriage May 27, 1709 St. Thomas, Charles les Destroismaisons.
.October 11: Public Markets are established at Quebec, Trois Rivieres and Ville-Marie (Montreal), hopefully to cater to the Indian traffic.
October 13: Quebec at this time is a very pretty village being divided into Upper and Lower village. The Lower Village contain warehouses and the homes of the merchants. The Upper Village houses the Bishop who is building a fine edifice for himself. The Governor and Intendent live in Upper Village, as do the Ursulin Nuns, who are magnificently lodged. Their are about 100 houses containing some 800 people.
October 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre, Metis, died July 18, 1703, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724).
November 12: Quebec, birth (II)-Francois Lemieux, Metis, son (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696): married Marie Paradis.
November 30: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, died December 13, 1674, Ste Famille, daughter (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau:
November 24: Quebec, Marriage (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1751 to (III)-Marie Anne Pinguet, Metis, died July 12, 1687, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis.
December 25: Ste Famille, birth (II)-Mathew Aubin, Metis, died January 1, 1677 Ste Famille son (I)-Michel Aubin de Tourouve and (II)- Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, b-1647;
1677
Louis Cous dit Montour, also Lafleur, Metis speaks French, Huron, Algonquin, Iroquois and Sioux and works as interpreter in Deluth (Michigan) and at Illinois and the Country of the Sioux.
Intendant (1675-1682) Jacques de La Doussiniere et d’Ambault Duchesneau (died France1696) established price control in Fort Quebec. White bread weighing eleven ounces was to be sold for 20 deniers, a pound of brown bread at 2 sous, and only three bakers would be given permission to sell retail bread.
Anne Bauge, wife of Guillaume Corruble, is accused of adultery, being 3-4 months pregnant by Jacques Defai. Anne Bauge is expelled from Quebec for three years and Jacques Defai is fined 20 livres.
Birth (III)-Charles Langlois, Metis, died November 29, 1699, Cap St. Ignace,, son, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, b-1648 and (II)-Marie Cadieu
The cow population of New France is 3,107.
(I)-Baron de St. Castin, an Indian Metis born and educated in France returned to his people to occupy the deserted Fort Pentagoet, Acadia. He married Abenakis Woman the daughter of Madocawando and had several Metis daughters all married to Frenchmen. St. Castin was consider by some to be a friend of the English but others believed every savage action against the English was instigated by Baron de St. Castin.
January 14: An illegitimate child is born to Marie Therese Viel d-July 28, 1710 and (II)-Madard Chouart, sieur des Groseilliers. a companion of (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710). Madard is ordered to pay 200 pounds and Marie was returned to her husband Etienne Boyer dit Lafontaine.
March 11: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Ignace Tessier, Metis son (I)-Urbain Tessier (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis (1636-1719); married 1704 (II)-Marguerite Luissier b-1683 daughter (I)-Jacques Luissier.
May: Based on false papers, (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) obtained the exclusive right to explore the lands between Florida and Mexico and to build forts.
May 9: King Louis XIV established a tribunal called the Prevote de Quebec, consisting of a Lieutenant Governor, a King’s Attorney and a clerk.
June 28: Quebec, birth (III)-Jean Baptiste Miville. Metis, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687)
July 7: Montreal, birth Joseph Lorrain son Pierre Lorrain and Francoise Saulnier; married about 1700 Cunegonde Nagdotieoue an Illinois girl. They had one daughter Marie Lorrain Metis who married October 20, 1726 Kaskaskia, Francois Allard son Joseph Allard and Marthe Delugre (they married November 9, 1690 Sainte Anne du Petit Cap).
July 13: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married July 13, 1699, Cap St. Ignace, Elizabeth Bouchard.
September 12: Trois Rivieres, birth (IV)-Genevieve Francoise La Gardeur, died July 25, 1690 Boucherville daughter (III)-Pierre Noel Le Gardeur and (II)-Marguerite Volant, Metis, b-1659
September 17: Quebec, birth (II)-Jacques Blanchet, died 1681 I’llet, Metis son (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
September 18: Montreal?, birth (III)-Elizabeth Pelletier Metis daughter (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau
October 5: Quebec, birth (II)-Francois Gesseron, Metis son (I)-Louis Gesseron dit Brulot b-1639 and (II)-Agathe Fournier, Metis, b-1657
November 4/11: Ste Famille, birth/deth (III)-Pierre Cote, Metis, son (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page;
December 21: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Pierre Langlois, Metis, son (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau:
December 27: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Geoffroy Lefebvre, Metis, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724); married June 30, 1704, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Marie Madeleine Michel Michaud b-1681, died March 25, 1745, Ville-Marie (Montreal), veuve Jacques Leduc, daughter (I)-Jean Michaud..
1678
Uknown Amerindien married Abt. 1678 Acadia and MARIE Amerindien married, Acadia, date unknown Phillipe d’Azy MIUS.
Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) began establishing a chain of trading posts.
(II)-Louis Garnaud is born March 23, 1678 at L’Ange Gardien, New France and assumed to have died at birth, the son of (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue.
(III)-Francois Mius, Metis, b-1678, Acadia son (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi’Kmag; married 1700 Port Royal, Acadia Jacques (Beaumont) Bonnevie, b-1678, Port Royal, Acadia.
(II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660, Acadia, son (I)-Philippe Mius d’Entremont, b-1601, Normandy France and Madeline Nelie (Elie) du Tillet; 1st married 1678, Acadia, Indian woman, 2nd marriage Marie Mi’Kmag.
The Jesuit Bishop Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) again attacked the Huguenot by attempting to trap (I)-Louis de Baud Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, and demanded the brandy trade be stopped.
When Du Lhut was in Montreal in 1678, the savages gave him three slaves.
January 17: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage Jean Dupuis to (II)-Jeanne Gervaise, Metis, born May 5, 1659, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699).
February 2: birth (II)-Genevieve Rate, Metis, daughter (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645; married 1704 Jean Sicard.
February 9: Cap St. Ignace, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Prou Metis son (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638; married June 14, 1701 St. Thomas, Louise Rousseau
March 30: Boucherville, birth (III)-Catherine Martin Metis daughter (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 and Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier.
April 19: Quebec, birth (II)-Marthe Lemieux, Metis, daughter (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696): married November 5, 1698, St. Ignace, Joseph Bouche.
April 25: Beauport, birth (II)-Marguerite Savariaux daughter (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) and Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family
June 5: Sorel, birth (II)-Francois Charron, Metis, New France, son (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, of New France, baptized March 30, 1646 La Rochelle, France. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France: married January 30, 1701, Sorel, Marguerite Piette.
August 28: Sillery, Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Anne Du Bocq, Metis daughter (I)-Laurent Du Bocq b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse; Ursuline dite Ste Marie Madeleine, Metis, died August 20, 1734, Quebec.
September 22: Montreal?, birth (III)-Louise Pelletier Metis died November 26, 1703, Montreal?, daughter (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau; married Montreal? Jean Baptiste De Blois.
October 26: The Brandy Parliament of twenty of the most important Seigneurs and merchants met at Chateau Saint Louis to discuss the brandy trade. The result is a vote of fifteen to five that went against the Roman Church to make no change to the brandy trade, with (I)-Louis de Baud Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, agreeing to limit permits to go to Native villages to the smallest possible number. The parliament challenged the Bishop’s reserved case, where traders in brandy to Natives resulted in exclusion from the sacraments of the church. The Church decree remained in force. Two young men had been hanged, at the instigation of the Church, for trading brandy only a few years before, and a third had been flogged. This sparked indignation against the Church.
September: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687), with 30 frenchmen and Father Louis Hennepin- a Recollet, built Fort Niagara on the east side of the Niagara River at Lake Ontario.
October: The so called Brandy Parliament met and voted 15 to 5 that no restrictions be placed on the liquor trade in New France.
October 6: Quebec, birth (II)-Leonard Hervieux, Metis, died May 29, 1747, son (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1651 and (III)-Marie Anne Pinguet, Metis (1661-1687); married February 3, 1705, La Pointe aux Trembles, Catherine Magnan.
November 9: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth/death, (III)-Paul Tessierm Metis son (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), 1st married November 21, 1686 (II)-Laprairie Jeanne Leber (1671-1687) 2nd married April 21, 1688 Laprairie (II)-Louise Caron (1671-1703) 3rd marriage August 27, 1703 Laprairie (II)-Marie Catherine de Poitiers, (1671-1745).
November 21: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Marie Madeline Langlois, Metis, daughter, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, b-1648 and (II)-Marie Cadieu: married January 11, 1699 Cap St. Ignace, Jean Gagne.
1679
(III)-Marie Mius, Metis, b-1679, Acadia daughter (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi’Kmag; married 1697 Acadia Francois Viger, b-1662.
The following missions de la Province de Quebec are established this year: Levis, St. Thomas, Cap st. Ignace, Islet, St. Pierre, Ile d’Orleans, St. Laurent, Ile d’Orleans, St. Francois, Ile d’Orleans, Charlesbourg, Pointe aux Trembles, Quebec, Cap Sante, Champlain, Repentigny, and St. Jean, Ile d’Orleans..
Philippe Énault de Barbaucannes married 1679, Acadia.Unknown Micmac (Mi’kmaq)
(II)-Jacques Garnaud is born May 1, 1679 at L’Ange Gardien son (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue.
The population of New France is 9,400 persons.
The Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal) has been imprisoning people arbitrarily, and King Louis XIV issued an edict forbidding this practice. If any person is imprisoned without being duly charged by a court of law, the officials shall suffer the pain of severe penalties.
February 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Louis Lefebvre, Metis, died November 14, 1707, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724).
March 28: Sillery, Quebec, birth, (II)-Genevieve Couturier, Metis, died March 24, 1715, Quebec, daughter (I)-Jacques Couturier b-1646, and Catherine Annennontank, Huronne, b-1649, veuve September 23, 1662, de Jean Durand (1640-1671); married October 31, 1701 Quebec, Jean Metivier
April 2: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Anne Cote, Metis, died October 15, 1754, Quebec daughter (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page;
April 14: Quebec, birth (III)-Charles Miville. Metis, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687); 1st married April 16, 1703, Beauport, Marie Savarias; 2nd marriage January 10, 1708, Beauport, Madeleine Tardif.
May 3: Quebec, birth (II)-Angelique Blanchet, died November 28 I’llet, Metis daughter (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
June 17: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Nicolas Tessier, Metis, died January 4, 1757 L’Hopital General, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)-Urbain Tessier (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis (1636-1719); married January 27, 1716, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (III)-Genevieve Auge b-1699 died October 30, 1748, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (II)-Jean Auge.
August 7: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) set sail for Michillimackinac, having built a brigantine.
August 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Jacques Fournier, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637:
August 27: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) began exploring Baie des Punts (Green Bay) and Lake Michigan. Upon reaching the mouth of the the Miami River (St. Joseph) he built Fort Miami.
September 13; Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Jean Baptist Crevier Metis son (II)-Jean Crevier Sieur Duvernet-Duvernay, Metis b-1642 and (II)-Marguerite Hertel; married April 30, 1708 Champlain, Madeleine Babie
October 9: Champlain, birth (II)-Adrien Robillard, died January 4, 1721 Kaskakia, son (I)-Claude Robillard and Marie Binard; married Domitide Sacatchi8c8a sauvagesse, Illinoise
October 15: St Thomas, birth (II)-Louise Prou Metis daughter (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638 ; married June 22, 1700 St. Thomas, Pierre Gagne
October 23: Trois Rivers, the unpunished murder this date of (III)-Jeanne Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, b-1657, Trois Rivers, daughter, (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur and Marie Mitedmeg8k8e, Algonquine, by Jean Rattier dit DuBuisson, marks the beginning of the end of the peaceful coexistence between the French Administration and the Metis of the greater area of Trois Rivers. A farm laborer Jean Rattier says Dubuisson is the murder of Jeanne and wounds inflicted to his father. The lord of Saint-François of the Lake, close to Three-Rivers, Jean Crevier, and one of his servants are for their part marked of complicity after the fact. Jean Rattier undergoes two lawsuits. He is condemned each time to be hung. One offers however the life to him saves if he agrees to act as torturer.
November 10: Intendant Jacques Duchesneau de la Doussiniere et d’Ambault (1650-1796) estimated the Coureurs des Boise as between 500 to 600 not counting those who leave every day.
1680
Richard (de Fronsac) Denys married 1680 Acadia to Anne Patarabego sauvagesse She first married Richard Denys.
Levis, birth (II)-Marie Gesseron, Metis, died May 21, 1756 daughter (I)-Louis Gesseron dit Brulot b-1639 and (II)-Agathe Fournier, Metis, b-1657; married June 15, 1699, Levis Charles Carier
(III)-Joseph (Dazi) Mius, Metis, b-1680, Acadia son (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi’Kmag: married 1699, Acadia, (II)-Marie Amirault, b-1684, Acadia, daughter (I)-Francois (Touangeau) Amirault, b-1664, and Marie Pitre, b-1666.
Champlain, marriage (II)-Michel Desrosiers born September 3, 1652 son (I)-Antoine Desrosiers (1619-1691) and (II)-Anne Du Herisson; married (II)-Marie Jeanne Artaut, Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Artaut, Sieur de la Tour, b-1630 and Louise Sauvagesse, b-1621
St. John at Menagoeck/Mirligueche, Acadia, marriage Claude Guedry dit Grivois dit Laverdure b-1648 2nd wife an Amerindienne girl named Kesk8a
(II)-Jean Prevost, Metis, b-1660 son (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre, sauvagesse (1626-1665): married 1680 (II)-Francoise LeBlanc, b-1662, epouse February 18, 1700 Montreal, (I)-Pierre Delorme (1674-1755).
The missions Grondines & Contrecoeur de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
New France has an estimated population of 10,000, 800 Acadians and 1,100 English in Newfoundland.
The number of Coureurs des Boise is estimated as 800 up from 600 a year earlier. It is suggested there is at least one Coureur des Boise in every family.
Michel des Rosiers, dit St. Michel b-1727, died January 27, 1759, Montreal, married 1680 (II)-Marie Artaut, Metis, b-1667 daughter (I)-Pierre Artaut b-1630 and Louise sauvagesse b-1621.
Baron de Lahontan wrote: One is indeed surprised at the disorderliness, the feasts, the games and expense incurred by the Coureurs des Bois, both in clothing and women, as soon as they arrive. Those who are married go to their homes, but those who are not act like sailors returning from India. They spend, eat, drink and gamble everything as long as there are beaver pelts. When these are gone, they sell their gold, lace and clothing. Then they must go back on a trading journey to survive.
The New France slave code reads: If a slave tries to escape, we cut off his ear and we brand a fleur de lis on his shoulder with a hot iron; If he tries to escape a second time, we cut the hamstrings on the back of the legs; If he is so bold as to try again, death.
Tithing is set at one thirteenth of the crop, and the habitants find this tax excessive.
A trading post established at the mouth of the Pigeon River called Du Luth. The King of France does not accept the contention of (I)-Louis de Baud Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, that the Intendent authorizes the Coureurs des Bois. The King suggests Frontenac is at fault, as he favors those engaged in a trade that is totally contrary to the well being of Canada.
Jean Rattier murdered Jeanne Couc and is condemned to death. There is no executioner and he is offered his freedom if he accepts the office of executioner. He accepted the office.
Intendent Duchesenau wrote that the Missions and the Jesuit fathers bring peltries, but the Governor, sieurs Perot, Boisseau and De Lut and Patron, his uncle, sell peltries to the English, getting twice what the French offer.
The French plan was to Frenchify the Indians but were horrified to discover that about 40% of the young men were disappearing into the woods with their Indian wives. About this time the criminals called Coureurs de Boise are given the respectable name of Voyageurs.
Oliver Morel sold the seigniory of Kamouraska, Quebec to Charles Aubert of Chesnaye but neither men did anything to develop the area and by 1683 only one family lived in the area.
January: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) reaches Peoria, Illinois where he builds Fort Crevecoeur (Fort Heartbreak).
January 4: Ange Gardien, birth/death (II)-Marie Savariaux daughter (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) and Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family
January 4: (I)-Francois St. Michel dit Rosiers b-1656 married January 4, 1680 Quebec (Tanguay says to Marie Madeleine Berthelot b-1662 however (II)-Marie Madeleine b-1662 daughter (I)-Andre Berthelot (1633-1687) and (III)-Marie Gasnier married 1st. 1677 Pierre Prevost, 2nd January 9, 1685 Joseph Pare and 3rd November 5, 1725 Noel Delessard) It is more likely he married (II)-Marie Artaut, Metis, b-1667 who claims to have married Michel des Rosiers 1680, being the daughter (I)-Pierre Artaut b-1630 and Louise Sauvagesse.
January 8; Beauport, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Vachon, Metis, died February 18, 1703 Beauport, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married November 23, 1699, Beauport, Pierre Vallee
February 18: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Michel Crevier, Metis, died January 19, 1760 Cap de la Madeleine son (II)-Nicolas Crevier dit Bellerive Metis and Louise Leloutre, b-1648; married (II)-Angelique Masse
April 14: St. Ignace, birth (II)-Anne Lemieux, Metis, daughter (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696): married October 25, 1694, St, Ignace, Charles Bernier.
April 21: Beauport, birth (III)-Madeleine Louise Langlois, Metis, died October 7, 1682 Beauport, daughter, (II)-Noel Langlois dit Traversy, Metis d-1693 and (II)-Aymee Caron d-1685:
August 22: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Nicolas Lefebvre, Metis, died July 2, 1750, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): married February 9, 1711, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (III)-Marie Anne Decharme b-1690 daughter (II)-Louis Decharme.
May 19: St. Pierre I.O., birth (III)-Joseph Langlois, Metis, son (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau: married August 11, 1705 St. Thomas, Louise Nolin.
June 25: Boucherville, birth (III)-Jean Baptiste Martin Metis died May 4, 1698 boucherville, son (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 and Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier.
October 14: Indian Mission (Mission des Sauvagus de Montagne) Montreal, marriage (I)-Abraham Cote (Botte dit Sorak8a) from St. Jacques Dieppe, Normandie, France, son Abraham Cote and Jacqueline Caille; married Marie A8enda, Onontaise (Indian). There is some question whether Abraham was really a Cote because his children were baptized under the names of Botte or Sorak8a. It’s possible he was assimilated into the Indian culture and lost their real name. It’s more likely some of the children are illegitimate French Metis taken in by Abraham & Marie.
Children born/baptized Indian Mission (Mission des Sauvagus de Montagne) Montreal,
(II)-Jacques Cote (Botte dit Sorak8a) Metis born/baptism February 7, 1685 filleul de Mr. Jacques Le Moyne, de Ste Helene (Lemoyne & Lemoine)
(II)-Jeanne Cote (Botte dit Sorak8a) Metis born/baptism February 10, 1688 filleule de Dile Jeanne Le Ber
(II)-Jean Baptiste Cote Metia , born/baptism November 26, 1689
(II)-Simon Cote Metis born/baptism January 5, 1699
1681
The missions Baie St. Paul & St. Ours de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
25 fur-trading licenses (cunges) were issued in Quebec to private persons to restrict the number of persons deserting the colony..
(I)-Francois Chagnon (1645-1693 married 1681 Quebec (II)-Catherine Charon, Metis, born September 29, 1686 Montreal daughter (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, Indian or Metis.
(II)-Louis Couc, b-1659 married 1681 Sorel, Madeleine Sacokie sauvageese; 2nd marriage January 7, 1688 St-Frs-du-Lac, Jeanne Quigesig8k8e.
Anne Hard born 1681 Chitto, Pres Douvres, baptized April 10, 1694, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter Benjamin Hard an English from Chitto and Elizabeth Roberts; Ann was captured by the savages, Loops January 25, 1692, and is now in the care of Pierre Prudhomme.
(III)-Francois Mius, Metis, b-1681, Acadia son (II)-Philippe Mius and Marie Mi’Kmag, married 1700, Acadia. Marie Mi’Kmag.
Louis XIV (1638-1715) decreed that the first offence of being a Coureur des Boise is flogging, a second offence was branding with the Fleur de Lys, and a third offence was life in the Galleys. This policy was not successful and the Coureur des Boise were continually blamed for corrupting morals, disorderliness with the native women and above all, the fact that they openly displayed the kind of free spirit that was naturally associated with bad behavior. It is noteworthy that they only wanted freedom, and democratic rule, like the savages.
Virginia had a population between 70,000 and 80,000 people. It is noteworthy that Virginia had 3,000 black slaves and 15,000 white slaves. There are a considerable number of free Negroes, some of whom had become wealthy.
The Intendant (1675-1682) Jacques de La Doussiniere et d’Ambault Duchesneau of Quebec wrote that the English are still in the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay) and do a great deal of harm to the French trade. They should be driven out by armed force. He also recommended the Iroquois be subdued by armed force to reduce the fur trade to the English. Duchesneau denounced the illegal trafficking of many of the Coureurs des Bois and suggested that Governor (I)-Louis de Bunde, count de Frontenac (1620-1698), is so permissive as to smack of desire for personal gain. Frontenac accused Duchesneau of being the tool of Bishop Lavel. The two antagonists were recalled to France simultaneously, their disputes had injured the colony. The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency, (1623-1708) however, was not recalled. Bishop Laval was noted as a man who listened to no one, and his zeal bore him well beyond his mandate. It is noteworthy that Count Frontenac could not get along with the Jesuits, the fur traders, civil authorities and even the Sulpitians. The religious could not tolerate a Huguenot as the Governor of New France nor a Coureurs des Bois as Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal)..
Most churches in New France are not heated due to the risk of fire. Only 7 churches were made of stone.
By this date 77 horses and 19 mares are recorded in New France.
January 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Jacques Lefebvre, Metis, died April 15, 1744 Baie du Febvre (noye=drowned) son (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers; married May 2, 1735 Baie du Febvre, Marguerite Lanel.
January 23, Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Vincent Beriau.(1653-1715) to (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis b-1660 daughter (I)-Jean Cordeau dit Desloriers b-1636 and Catherine Latour dit Simonet Metis (1638-1678); 2nd marriage August 19, 1711 Quebec (II)-Marie Selle veuve Jean Flibot
February 1: Repentigny, marriage (I)-Jean Baptiste Fonteneau dit St. Jean, b-1650 married (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis, b-1640, epouse February 6, 1653, Quebec (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620; daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis
February 3: St. Pierre, I.O., birth (III)-Jean Langlois, Metis, died March 16, 1681 St. Pierre, I.O., son, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, b-1648 and (II)-Marie Cadieu:
February 17: Chateau Richer marriage
February 17: Chateau Richer, marriage (II)-Louis Prevost, Metis, b-1651, died May 27, 1686, Beauport, son (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre, Sauvagesse (1626-1665): married February 21, 1672, Chateau Richer, (II)-Francoise Gagnon, b-1655: second marriage February 17, 1681 (II)-Marguerite Careau, b-1662.
February 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Blanchet, Metis son (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
March 20: Lorette, Quebec, birth, (II)-Denis Joseph Couturier, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Couturier b-1646 and Catherine Annennontak, Huronne, Sauvageese, b-1649, veuve 1662 de Jean Durand (1636-1671); 1st married January 11, 1712 Becancour (Batiscan), Quebec, Catherine Proteau born June 28, 1691, died March 31, 1717 Ste Anne de la Perade (dans l’eglise) dauighter (I)-Luc Proteau (1668-1752) and (II)-Marie Madeleine Germain (1670-1757); 2nd marriage February 21, 1718 Cap-Sante, Quebec, (III)-Angelique LeTellier (Tellier), (1699-1729), daughter (I)-Francois Letellier; 3rd marriage April 13, 1733, Deschambault, Quebec (II)-Therese Hamel, b-1707, died March 14, 1737 St. Pierre les Becquets, veuve de (II)-Jean Joseph Tousignan (1678-1732), daughter (II)-Jean Francois Hamel..
May 22: France, Royal Ordnance by Louis XIV at Versailles dated May 22, 1681 gave authority to grant ‘Conge de Traite’ for 25 canoes with three men to go into the interior to trade with the Indians.
June 2: St. John at Menagoeck/Mirligueche, Acadia, birth/baptism JeanneGuedry Metis daughter Claude Guedry dit Grivois dit Laverdure b-1648 2nd wife an Amerindienne girl named Kesk8a. Witness/sponsors were Claude Petitpas and Jeanne de la tour, wife of Martin.
June 4: birth, Francois Couc dit Montour, Metis, born Saint Francois du Lac or Sorel, baptised August 30, 1682, Sorel and died December 9, 1700, Trois Rivers son Louis Cous dit Montour, Metis d-1708 and Madeleine Sacokie of the tribe of Sokokis, a subgroup of Abenakis.
June 16: St. Thomas, birth (II)-Pierre Prou Metis son (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638; married Agathe DesTroismaisons
June 22: Quebec, birth (II)-Louise Catherine Du Bocq, Metis son (I)-Laurent Du Bocq b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse; married May 6, 1709, Ville-Marie (Montreal), (I)-Jean Ride b-1680.
July 22 : Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Marie Anne Lefebvre, Metis, died December 27, 1735, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): 1st married October 28, 1697, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Jacques Picard; 2nd married Seur dite St Michel, congreg de N.D. died May10, 1717, Ville-Marie (Montreal).
August 15: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Anne Hervieux, Metis, daughter (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1651 and (III)-Marie Anne Pinguet, Metis (1661-1687); married September 28, 1699, Quebec (I)-Jean Molay b-1669.
August 17: I’Iiet, birth (III)-Jean Francoi Miville. Metis, died October 18, 1703, Beauport, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687)
October 13: Quebec, marriage, (II)-Paul Tessier dit Chaumine, Metis, born February 5, 1651, Ville-Marie (Montreal), died April 26, 1730 Longue Pointe, son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal); married October 13, 1681 Chateau Richer (III)-Madeleine Cloutier b-1660 died February 12, 1748 Longue Pointe.
November 3: St. Pierre, I.O., birth (III)-Elizabeth Cote, Metis, daughter (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page;
1682
The mission Batiscan de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, (1644-1687) at the juncture of the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico, took possession of the Mississippi Valley and all land watered by its tributaries in the name of France.
Unknown Cellier dit Charet (Memchaaret) d-1708 married 1682, Acadia, Marie Amerindien.b-1663, died March 7, 1727, Port Royal, Acadia
Recorded children
Jacques Cellier dit Charet, Metis b-1683, married Elisabeth
Pierre Cellier dit Charet, Metis b-1687 (the elder) married 1st Louise Innocent; married 2nd Francoise Minus daughter Philippe Minus and Marie
Pierre Cellier dit Charet, Metis b-1692 (the younger) married Madeleine Ouaouamintetces
Marguerite Cellier dit Charet, Metis b-1695
(II)-Richard Denis married 1st, Anne Parabego Sauvageese; 2nd marriage October 15, 1689 (II)-Francoise Cailteau, b-1665.
(III)-Nicolas Denis, Metis, died February 3, 1732 Beaumont, son (II)-Richard Denis and Anne Parabego, Sauvagesse; married Marie Sauvagesse.
(I)-Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687) abandons Fort Frontenac, and Governor Joseph LeFebvre de La Barre (1682-85) assigns the post to Sieur de la Chenaye who sends Sergeant Champagne to occupy the post and restore trade with the Coureurs des Bois.
(I)- Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) falsified geography, situating the mouth of the Mississippi over 600 miles to the west of its true course to convince the French King of the feasibility of establishing a base for the conquest of Mexico. An expedition under the joint leadership of (I)- Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687) and Captain de Beaujeu departed La Rochello, France, with 300 men and women, was to establish a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River and make the French masters of the whole known North American continent. La Salles brother- Jean Cavelier, La Salle, Henri Joutel and a friar named Anastase Douay is among the crew.
(III)-Maurice (Mieusse) Mius, Metis, b-1682, Acadia son (II)-Philippe Mius and Marie Mi’Kmag, married 1702, Acadia, Marquerite Mi’Kmag.
(III)-Mathieu (Emieusse) Mius, Metis, b-1682, Acadia daughter (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi’Kmag; married 1704 Acadia Marie Madeleine Mi’Kmag.
(III)-Maurice (Mieusse) Mius, Metis, b-1682, Acadia son (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi’Kmag; married 1702 Acadia Marguerite Mi’Kmag.
Grand-Pré located in Minas is founded. It will become the bread basket of Acadia.
The Bishop, the Ecclesiastics and the Jesuits all complained and conspired to remove (I)-Louis de Baud ,Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, for encouraging the Coureurs des Bois and exploration among his Huguenot friends; such as Nicholas Perrot (1644-1717), Du L’hut, Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687)- a would be Jesuit who is mentally instable, de La Mothe, Cadillac and Henri Tonty (1649-1704), much based on the impudent liar Father Louis Hennepin (1626-1705). The Jesuit considered the Coureurs des Bois as reprobates beyond help, either spiritually or physically having merged with the children of the forest and become lost to civilization. That the Recollets sided with Frontenac the Huguenot, further infuriated the Jesuits. The Members of the Society of Foreign Missionaries attacked the practices of the Jesuits.
The women and girls of New France are excluded from the sacraments for their indecent apparel. They appear at mass with displays of Satan, nudity of arms, shoulders and throats and heads bared, unworthy of a Christian person.
Joseph Antoine Le Febvre de La Barre (1622-1688), Governor New France (1682-85), with his Intendant Jacques de Meulles, (1682-86) replaced (I)-Louis de Baude, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, one-month after the Fort Quebec fire of August 4 that destroyed fifty-four houses and warehouses. The Jesuit spy, Father Jean de Lamberville, in a Iroquois village, reported the Iroquois will destroy the French colony if they start another war. A council of war is conducted on October 10 by New France Governor Lafevre de La Barre (1682-1685), Intendant Jacques de Meulles (1682-1686), the Jesuit Bishop Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), Father Dollier of St. Sulpice, Father Beschefer, Father Fremin, Mayor Quebec, Governor Varenne of Three Rivers and de Brussy, Dalibout, Duquet, Lemoine, Ladutantais, Bizard, Vieuxpont, Duluth, de Sorel, Derepentigny, Berthier and Boucher.
(I)- Lefevre de La Barre (1622-1688), Governor New France September 1682 to August 1685, like many Governors of New France, desires to enrich himself in the fur trade. He joins forces with several Quebec merchants to attempt to secure the Illinois trade by confiscating the posts of (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687), protégé of the previous Governor Frontenac. Some suggest the attack on the Iroquois is part of his plan to steal the Illinois trade. His reign would end in infamy.
(I)-Jacques de Chevalier, de Meulles (d-1703), was Intendant New France from September 1682 to July 1686. De Meulles, despite explicit instructions, was embroiled in confrontation with Governor La Barre (1622-1688) throughout his term (1682-1685). Governor Denonville (1637-1710) accused de Meulles of greed and illegal trafficking, thereby causing his recall to France.
Governor La Barre organized a 800 man army and marched on the Iroquois. The French are defeated and forced to accept Iroquois terms of peace to abandon their Savage allies. King Louis XIV is appalled with the terms of the treaty granted to these naked savages.
About 120-150 families of Mohawks move to Sault Saint Louis (Caughnawaga) near Ville-Marie (Montreal), and by 1700, two thirds of all Mohawks had settled in Quebec.
The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), issued a pastoral letter condemned the wearing of indecent gowns revealing scandalous views of their nude shoulders and bosoms. Eventually, Bishop St. Vallier ordered the priests to refuse absolution to those women who wore these fashions, either in their own home or in public. The French Government is quick to order the New France clergy to quit harassing the women in this fashion. It is noteworthy that the women in New France are only following the fashion trends of France.
January: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) departed Fort Crevecoeur with 23 French and 18 Indians via Chicagou (Chicago), Renard (Fox) and Illinois Rivers.
February: The (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle’s (1643-1687) party reach the Mississippi near Memphis where Fort Prud’homme is built.
March 1: Beauport, birth (III)-Madeline Langlois, Metis, died December 12, 1702, Quebec, daughter, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, b-1648 and (II)-Marie Cadieu:
March 4: Beauport, birth (III)-Agnes Langlois, Metis, died August 1, 1683, Beauport, daughter (II)-Noel Langlois dit Traversy, Metis d-1693 and (II)-Aymee Caron d-1685:
March 7: Beauport, birth, (III)-Vincent Prevost, Metis, died April 12, 1758, Beauport, son (II)-Louis Prevost, Metis, (1651-1686) and (II)-Marguerite Careau, b-1662: married L’Ange Gardien, (III)-Marie Agnes Vesina (1679-1766)
March 7: Beauport, birth (II)-Marie Savariaux, died September 30, 1707 Beauport, daughter (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) and Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family; married April 16, 1703 Beauport, Charles Miville
March 30: St. Ignace, birth (II)-Guiliaume Augustin Lemieux, Metis, died June 11, 1703, St. Ignace, son (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696).
April 6: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) and party sight the mouth of the Mississippi River.
April 9: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687), near Venice, Louisana, erected a cross with a name plate reading “in the name of Louis XIV, King of France and of Navarre, this ninth of April 1682. The Country of Louisiana is hereby proclaimed:
“The mighty, invincible, and victorious Prince, LOUIS THE GREAT, by the grace of God, King of France and Navarre, 14th of that name, this ninth day of April, one thousand six hundred and eighty-two, I, in virtue of the commission of his Majesty (Louis XIV) which I hold in my hand, and which may be seen by all whom it may concern, have taken, and do now take in the name of his Majesty and of his successors to the crown, possession of this Country of Louisiana, the seas, harbors, ports, bays, adjacent straits; and all nations, people, provinces, cities, towns, villages, mines, minerals, fisheries, streams, and rivers comprised in the extent of Louisiana, from the mouth of the great River St. Louis on the easterb side, otherwise called OHIO, Alighinsipou (Alleghany), or Chickagoua, and this with the consent of the Chouanons (Shawanoes), Chicachas (Chickasaws), and other people dwelling therein, with who we have made alliance; as also along the River Colbert or Mississippi, and rivers which discharge themselves therein, from its source; beyond the Country of the Kious (Sioux) or Nadouessions, and this with their consent, and with the consent of the Motantees, Illinois, Mesigameas (Metchigamias), Akanas, Natches, and Loroas, which are the most considerable nations dwelling therein, with whom also we have nade alliance either by ourselves or by others in our behalf”.
The French monarch, on hearing the news, however, proclaimed it is utterly useless.
May 1: (I)-Joseph Antoine Le Febvre de La Barre (1622-1688) is appointed Governor of New France (October 9, 1682 to July 31, 1685). Jacques De Meulles d-1703 is appointed Intendant (October 9, 1682 to September 23, 1686).
July 24: The French King, based on false reports, dispatched 228 recruits, including several women, to set sail from La Rochelle, France aboard four ships for the Louisiana Territory. One ship is lost at sea, another turns back to France, seriously undermining the venture.
August 3: Sorel, marriage (I)-Francois Singerny also St. Cerny and Delpee b-1640, died December 15, 1725 Trois Rivieres married to (II)-Marie Angelique Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, b-1661, died January 7, 1750 Pte du Lac, daughter (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1665) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699).
August 3: Sorel, marriage, Francois Delpee (1640-1725) to (II)-Marie Angelique Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, b-1661, died January 7, 1750 la Pte du Lac., daughter, (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690), and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e, Algonquine sauvagesse (1631- 1699).
August 18, Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Catherine Beriau Metis daughter (I)-Jean Vincent Beriau.(1653-1715) and (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis b-1660; married June 5, 1702 Quebec, Michel Fournier.
August 30: Sorel, birth (III)-Francois Couc, Metis, Son (II)-Louis Couc dit Montour, b-1659 Madeleine Sacokie sauvageese..
August 30: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Charles Tessier, Metis son (II)-Paul Tessier dit Chaumine (1651-1730) and (III)-Madeleine Cloutier (1660-1748).
October: St. Pierre, I.O., birth (III)-Clement Langlois, Metis, son (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau: married June 25, 1704 Chateau Richer, Marie Anne Prevost
October 10: The Jesuits hold an assembly at Quebec to discuss the Iroquois war that had occurred for the past 5 years against the Illinois was was instigated by the Jesuits themselves. The Jesuit at this time are blaming the English for supplying guns, powder and lead to the Iroquois over the past four years. The Jesuits finally appreciate that the war they started would in future be turned upon themselves and they would deprive us of all the trade and destroying, at the same time, all Christian Missions that are among the nations the Iroquois are attacking.
November 3: Boucherville, birth (II)-Helene Charron, Metis, New France, daughter (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, of New France, baptized March 30, 1646 La Rochelle, France. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France:
November 14: The Recollet Father Zenobe had a dispatch from (I)-Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687) to be taken to Colbert of France. (I)- Joseph Antoine Le Febvre de La Barre (1622-1688) is not allowed to read the dispatch, suggesting it includes his support of the Jesuit atrocities. He admits the Iroquois are trying to kill (I)-Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687). He also advises the Iroquois have killed a few Frenchmen this autumn and suggests they they will begin open war against the French next Spring. He fails to place the blame of war on the Jesuits and mildly suggests La Salle maybe the cause. This clearly suggests La Barre maybe involved with the Jesuits.
December 13; Beauport, birth (II)-Guiliaume Vachon, Metis, died December 28, 1702 Beauport, son (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697);
December 20: Boucherville, birth (III)-Marie Anne Martin Metis daughter (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 and Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier; married November 12, 1703 Boucherville, Pierre Voisin.
December 26: Quebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Gatien, Metis, died June 3, 1711 Quebec, daughter (I)-Pierre Gaten b-1659 and (III)-Genevieve Pinguet, Metis (1665-1702); married April 23, 1703, Quebec (II)-Jean Michelon (1669-1724).
1683
The mission Lachenaye de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
120 fur-trading licenses (cunges) were issued in Quebec instead of 25 to private persons
Acadia, birth Jacques Cellier dit Charet Metis son Unknown Cellier dit Charet (Memcharet)d-1708 married 1682, Acadia, Marie Amerindien.b-1663, died March 7, 1727, Port Royal, Acadia ; married Elisabeth
Birth (III)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis, daughter, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, b-1648 and (II)-Marie Cadieu: married November 10, 1700 St. Thomas, Jean Blouin.
About 95,489 pounds of beaver pelts are shipped to France but by 1685 this dropped to 23,568.
Three quarters or more of the French peasants heard mass only four times a year. When they did attend, they walked out of the church as soon as the priest began his sermon, standing in the lobby arguing, brawling during the service and even bringing their dogs into church; so reported the priests. The Intendant complained that at least 60 heretics (Huguenots) have left the colony for neighboring English Protestant colonies.
The church also operated institutions for the chronically ill, the insane, and for women of loose morals. Louis Franquet observed that due to fear of punishment, the illegitimate (enfant du Roi) French children are given to the Wendat natives at Lorette near Quebec, the Abenakis from present day Maine at St. Francois east of Ville-Marie (Montreal) and the Iroquois at Caughnawaga (Kahnawake), St. Regis and the Lake of Two Mountains both west of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal). These locations also raised English children taken as captives during French raiding parties. Most (engant du Roi) illegitimate children are the result of the master of the house taking sexual privilege of his servants, a long standing practice adopted from Europe.
(I)-Antoine Laumet de Lamothe Cadillac born March 5, 1658 died October 15, 1730 both in France son Jean Laumet, arrived in Acadia and is quickly labeled as a man with an evil mind. It is rumored that he was kicked out of France.
This year the Intendant complained to the authorities in Versailles that at least 60 “heretics” had left the colony for neighboring English Protestant colonies.
The whole of Acadia only has 600 souls, not counting the Indians.
January 23: Champlain, birth (III)-Marie Jeanne Desrosiers, Metis daughter (II)-Michel Desrosiers b-1652 and (II)-Marie Jeanne Artaut, Metis
February 1: A four point decree is issued in New France:
* Merchants are forbidden to go to Trois Riveres, Ville-Marie (Montreal) or other places on the Upper River for the purpose of selling or delegating the sale of merchandise, in large or small quantities, to the French or Natives, directly or indirectly, and they are not allowed to be present in such locations from June 1st to the last day of October.
* No owner of a dwelling above the city of Ville-Marie (Montreal), or any other city, is allowed to prevent Natives, directly or indirectly, from getting to the location of the fair, nor to stop them upon their return, under what ever pretext.
* When Natives are in Ville-Marie (Montreal) for the purpose of trading, it is forbidden to influence where and with whom they trade. They must be left entirely free to go trading where or with whom they wish (within those authorized merchants of Ville-Marie (Montreal)).
* No person without a family, except children of the land (Metis), is allowed to trade with the natives for his own profit or someone else’s, also under penalty of a fine of 200 livres.
February 15: Quebec, birth, (II)-Jeanne Angelique St. Michel, Metis died April 13, 1746, daughter (I)-Francoise St. Michel dit Rosiers b-1656 and (II)-Marie Artaut, Metis, b-1667; married 1699 Rene Frerot.
May 14: Marie Quequejeu, a Kings Daughter is executed and on the same day her son-in-law Pierre Doret, a coureor de bois is also executed.
June 17: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Pierre Lefebvre, Metis son (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers;
June 20: Levis, birth (III)-Angelique Miville. Metis, daughter, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687); married April 26, 1702 Cap St. Ignace, Louis Gamache
June 30: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Jacques Godfroy b-1653 married Jeanne Brunet b-1665 illegitimate daughter Marie Catherine Cotton who married 1666 Pierre Brunet.
July: Trois Rivers, birth, or January 5, 1684, Trois Rivers, Jacques Montour, Metis, baptised May 1, 1684 Nicolet, son Louis Cous dit Montour, Metis, and Madeleine Sacokie, of the Sokokis tribe, a subgroup of Abenakis.
August 18: Beauport, marriage (II)-Jean Baptiste Prevost, Metis b-1659, died May 12, 1737 St. Augustin son (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Olivier Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665); married 1st August 18, 1683 Beauport, (II)-Marie Anne Giroux, (Girou) b-1667; 2nd marriage February 3, 1712, Ste Foye, Genevieve Sedilot
August 18: Beauport, marriage (II)-Michel Giroux b-1661, died August 6, 1715 Beauport, son (I)-Toussaint Giroux; married (II)-Marie Therese Provost, Metis b-1665, died May 20, 1743 Beauport, daughter (I)-Martin Provost (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Sauvagesse, b-1626, died September 10, 1665 Quebec,
August 29: Ste Pierre, I., birth (II)-Ignace Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645.
September 1: St. Thomas, birth (II)-Marie Anne Prou Metis daughter (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert Metis, b-1638; married July 10, 1703 St. Thomas, Jacques Tibaut
September 18: Sorel, birth (III)-Marguerite Crevier Metis daughter (II)-Jean Crevier Sieur Duvernet-Duvernay, Metis b-1642 and (II)-Marguerite Hertel
September 19: Beauport, birth, (III)-Ange Prevost, Metis, died August 2, 1753, Charlesbourg, son (II)-Louis Prevost, Metis, (1651-1686) and (II)-Marguerite Careau, b-1662: married February 1, 1719 L’Ange Garden, (II)-Marie Brisson, b-1675, died October 21, 1750, Charlesbourg, veuve Nicolas Julien
October 6: St. Ignace, birth (II)-Genevieve Lemieux, Metis, daughter (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696): married November 5, 1698 St. Ignace, Gabriel.
October 17: Beauport, birth (II)-Joseph Savariaux son (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) and Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family
October 23: Quebec, birth (II)-Ursule Hervieux, Metis, died August 29, 1692 Quebec son (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1651 and (III)-Marie Anne Pinguet, Metis (1661-1687).
1684
Trois Rivieres?, marriage (III)-Marguerite Crevier, Metis born likely Trois Rivieres? daughter (II)-Nicolas Crevier dit Bellerive Metis and Louise Leloutre, b-1648; married (I)-Laurent Baudet
Governor Dongan of New York wrote Governor (I)-Joseph-Antoine La Febure de La Barre (1622-1688) disputed the French claim of 25 years possession of New York by sending Jesuits among them as very slender. The Jesuits have no right to title.
Martin Lejeune dit Briard, married 1684, Acadia, Jeanne Marie Kagigconiac sauvageese.
Julien Talua killed Antoine Roy dit Desjardins at Lachine when he found Roy in bed with his wife.
January 5: Trois Rivieres, (III)-Jacques Couc aka Jean Montour, son (II)-Louis Ciuc dit Montour, b-1659 and Madeleine Sacokie.
February 24: Beauport, Quebec, birth (III)-Therese Francoise Prevost, Metis, died January 17, 1722 Montreal, daughter (II)-Jean Prevost, Metis, b-1660 and (II)-Francoise LeBlanc, b-1662: married January 17, 1712, Montreal (III)-Jean Baptiste Menard, b-1690 son (II)-Jean Baptiste Menard.
March 8: St. Pierre I.O., birth (III)-Pierre Martin Cote, Metis, son (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page;
March 21: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Blanchet, Metis son (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
April 10: An ordinance is passed to prohibit emigration from Few France to the English colonies, with a penalty of death. This is an attempt to prevent the Coureurs des Bois and Metis from trading with the English.
April 13: Boucherville, birth (III)-Leger Martin Metis son (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 and 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier. 1st marriage November 28, 1663 Montreal, Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682);
May 2: Beaupre: (I)-Baron Louis Armand de Lom d’Arce de la Hontan (1666-1710/15) wrote: In truth, the peasants here live much more comfortably than do many gentlemen in France. When I say peasants, I am in error. One must say habitants since, here, the word peasant is no more welcome than it is in Spain.
June 2: Beauport, birth (III)-Marie Therese Langlois, Metis daughter (II)-Noel Langlois dit Traversy, Metis d-1693 and (II)-Aymee Caron d-1685:
July 10: Antoine Roy, a.k.a. Desjardins, a retired soldier of the Carignan Regiment, is killed by Julen Talua, a.k.a. Vendamont who had found him in his wife’s bed, in Ville-Marie (Montreal)..
July 31: King Louis XIV ordered de la Barre to send all Iroquois prisoners to France to serve in the galleys, because, said the letters royal, “these savages are strong and robust.”
September 2: Beauport, birth (III)-Louise Giroux, Metis, died January 9, 1740 L’Ange-Gardien son (II)-Michel Giroux (1661-1715) Beauport and (II)-Marie Therese Provost, Metis (1665,-1743): married May 11, 1705 L’Ange-Gardien, Angelique Garnier
September 26: Quebec, birth (II)-Francois Lucien Gatien, Metis, son (I)-Pierre Gaten b-1659 and (III)-Genevieve Pinguet, Metis (1665-1702).
June 5: Boucherville, birth (II)-Jean Charron, Metis, New France, son (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, of New France, baptized March 30, 1646 La Rochelle, France. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France:
September 7, Quebec, birth (II)-Claude Beriau Metis son (I)-Jean Vincent Beriau.(1653-1715) and (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis b-1660
November 19: Beauport, birth (III)-Louis Langlois, Metis, son, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, b-1648 and (II)-Marie Cadieu: married Madeleine Guyon
November 20: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (II)-Francois Prudhomme (1651-1741) to (II)-Cecile Gervaise, Metis, daughter, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699).
1685
The mission Riviere Ouelle de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Birth (II)-Marie Anne Bruneau out-of-wedlock to (I)-Catherine Bruneau, a Filles du Roi of 1670 who married September 3, 1670, Jean Monin
Marriage (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-July 13, 1662 Quebec son (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638; married about 1684/85 likely Cap St. Ignace.
Quebec, birth (II)-Jacques Hervieux, Metis, son (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1651 and (III)-Marie Anne Pinguet, Metis (1661-1687); married Marie Tullia.
(I)- Jean-Vincent d’Abbadie de Saint Castin married 1670 / rehabilitated Acadia 1684. 1st married 1670 Mathilde Madokawando; He married a second time 1685, Acadia to Marie Pidiwammiskawa, sister of Mathilde. Their father was Chief Madokawando an Abenaki (1630-1696).
The Edict of Nantes forced the removal of some leading Huguenot merchants and their return to France if they did not renounce their religion.
Sumptuous, magnificent meals and dances or balls are dangerous and licentious recreations in New France. Moderate dances with people of her own sex in the presence of her mother may be permitted, but never in the presence of men or boys. Comedy plays, no matter how holy the subject matter, are not permitted.
January 1: (I)-Jacques Rene de Brisay de Denonville (1737-1710) is appointed Governor of New France, serving August 1, 1685 to October 12, 1689 (August 12, 1689).
February 19: Cap St. Ignace, birth (III)-Paul Langlois, Metis, son (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau:
March 26: Riviere Ouelle, birth (II)-Marie Barbe Prou Metis daughter (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Herbert Metis b-1638; married June 11, 1704, Louis Isabel
May 7: Sorel, marriage (III)-Francois Pelletier Metis (1663-1692) killed by the Iroquois son (II)-Jean Pelletier Metis (1647-1692) and (II)-Marie Genevieve Manevely de Rainville; married (II)-Genevieve Le Tendre daughter (I)-Pierre La Tendre, and epouse December 9, 1693 Sorel Etienne Volant
May 8: Beauport, birth (II)-Marie Anne Savariaux daughter (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) and Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family
June 4: Champlain, birth (III)-Marie Anne Desrosiers, Metis daughter (II)-Michel Desrosiers b-1652 and (II)-Marie Jeanne Artaut, Metis
June 8: Intendant of Canada, Jacques de Meulles (1682-86), introduced playing cards as money due to a lack of His Majesty’s funds needed to pay the troops and maintain commerce. This was withdrawn on September 5.
June 9: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Blanchet, Metis son (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638; 1st married April 7, 1712, Marie Genevieve Gagne; 2nd marriage 1740 Genevieve Rousseau
June 14: Sorel, birth Catherine Garand, (Indian or Metis) daughter (I)-Joseph Garand (sauvage) and Anne
November 17: Cap St. Ignace, birth (III)-Francois Fournier Metis son (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard.
August: (I)-Lefevre de La Barre (1622-1688), Governor New France September 1682 to August 1688, is recalled in disgrace, and his successor (I)-Jacques Rene de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville (1637-1710), Governor (1685-89), arriving in Quebec on August1, is ordered to humble the Iroquois and is given 1,600 regular troops with adequate supplies. The French marched against the Iroquois, burning their villages and crops. The King of France expands the fir trade by allowing permits to the nobles and gentlemen of New France to engage in commerce on land and sea. The population of New France is 10,725 French and 1,538 settled Savages. Sieur Samuel Bernon of Rochel has the great warehouse at Quebec, containing merchandise for the fur trade. There are, however, independent men in Quebec who run their own warehouses and ships and are not part of the Quebec Merchants.
August 30: Beauport, birth, (III)-Simon Prevost, Metis, died September 1, 1685, Beauport, son (II)-Louis Prevost, Metis, (1651-1686) and (II)-Marguerite Careau, b-1662:
December 8: Montreal, birth, (III)-Francois Prudhomme, Metis son (II)-Fras Xavier Prudhomme and (II)-Cecile Gervaise, Metis b-1671; married November 17, 1710, Montreal (II)-Marie Anne Courreau daughter (I)-Cybar Courreau
December 12: Boucherville, birth (III)-Jean Louis Bourgery pour Bougis son (II)-Pierre Bourgery et Bourgis, d-1703 and Marie Bouttard b-1643; married August 6, 1717 Detroit, Anne Alimacoua (Ouecacad) de Nation Kaskakau (Kascakaon)
December 28: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Jean Francois Tessier, Metis son (II)-Paul Tessier dit Chaumine (1651-1730) and (III)-Madeleine Cloutier (1660-1748).
1686
Claude Petitpas married 1686 Acadia, Marie Therese Micmac.
Guillaume Bourgeois married Fort Royal, Acadia Marie Anne D’Aprendesteguy Martignon daughter Martin Martignon and Jeanne Latour, Metis
(I)- Jacques Rene de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville (1637-1710) orders de Troyes to take the English at James Bay.
Birth (III)-Pierre Miville. Metis, died May 30, 1688, Quebec, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687)
(II)-Pierre Le Moyner sieur d’Iberville (1661-1706) is in the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay).
Jean Roy dit Laliberte married 1686, Acadia, Marie (Christine)(Dubois)(Hautbois) Aubois sauvagesse Acadia,
Claude Petitpas married 1686 Acadia Marie Therese Indian.
A Royal edict enlarged the Seigniorial rights, giving grain gristmill monopoly privileges, forcing many seigneurs to build mills within a year or forfeit their rights. The Seigneurs expanded this right to include sawmills. The state of the country is still pitiable. Children of great numbers passing all summer with nothing on them but a shirt, the wives and daughters working in the fields sending the young to range the woods for furs, yet they are miserably poor. A fire this year destroyed the mission at De Pere.
Bishop Jean Baptiste de Saint Vallier visited Acadia and noted it is full of libertines.
The Acadian population has expanded to 800 with the addition of only 40 families brought out from France since 1671 who are quickly absorbed into the Acadian culture. They had their own set of common beliefs, mutual aid and solidarity, including their own speech patterns and dialects. At Port Royal, Acadia there are only 30 soldiers.
January 18: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Jean Lefebvre, Metis son (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers;
January 23: Beauport, birth (III)-Noel Giroux, Metis, died August 15, 1750 Beauport son (II)-Michel Giroux (1661-1715) Beauport and (II)-Marie Therese Provost, Metis (1665,-1743); married November 22, 1707 Francoise Marguerite Gallien
February 9: Card money is again issued for the second time but is recalled in October.
February 15: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Genevieve Hervieux, Metis, died December 2, 1753, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1651 and (III)-Marie Anne Pinguet, Metis (1661-1687).
April: Jacques Pourpoint deserted his platoon and raped the wife of a Pierre Parrault a local resident. He was hanged, beheaded and placed atop a stake planted at a crossroads, there to remain as long as it held together.
April 18: Boucherville, marriage (II)-Pierre Goguet to (II)-Anne Charron, Metis, b-1670, daughter (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar ou Pilet-Pillard, Metis, b-1651?.
April 24: (I)-Jean Bochart de Champigny (1645-1720) is appointed Intendant of New France, serving from July to August l 1702. He is instructed to ensure that the French peasants enjoy complete tranquility among themselves and are maintained in just possession of all that belongs to them. He is to increase their numbers by all means possible. The Marquis de Denonville wrote that the Canadians are all big, well built and firmly planted on their feet. They are vigorous, very obstinate and inclined to dissolute, but are quick witted and vivacious. Champigny encouraged the cultivation of flax and hemp and the fishing and forestry industries.
June 24: Laprairie, marriage, (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal); 1st married November 21, 1686 (II)- Laprairie Jeanne Leber b-1671, died December 4, 1687 Laprairie daughter (I)-Jean Leber: 2nd married April 21, 1688 Laprairie (II)- Louise Caron b-1671, died April 13, 1703 Ville-Marie (Montreal),daughter (I)-Claude Caron; 3rd marriage August 27, 1703 Laprairie (II)- Marie Catherine de Poitiers, b-1671 died January 22, 1745 Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Poitiers.
June 29: St. Pierre, I.O., birth (III)-Louis Cote, Metis, son (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page;
June 5: Boucherville, birth (II)-Louise Charron, Metis, New France, daughter (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, of New France, baptized March 30, 1646 La Rochelle, France. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France:
July 25: Sorel, birth (III)-Marie Anne Crevier Metis daughter (II)-Jean Crevier Sieur Duvernet-Duvernay, Metis b-1642 and (II)-Marguerite Hertel
September 8: St. Thomas, birth (II)-Thomas Prou Metis son (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Herbert Metis b-1638
September 29: Contrecoeur, birth (II)-Francois Chagnon. Metis, son (I)-Francois Chagnon (1645-1693 and (II)-Catherine Charon, Metis, born September 29, 1686 Montreal
October 13: Beauport, birth, (III)-Louis Prevost, Metis, died December 21, 1770, St. Philippe, son (II)-Louis Prevost, Metis, (1651-1686) and (II)-Marguerite Careau, b-1662: married 1st. November 7, 1712 Beauport (III)-Marie Therese Maheu, b-1696: married 2nd July 9, 1731 Quebec, (III)-Marie Anne Giroux (1697-1767)
November 17: Ste Pierre, I., birth (II)-Guillaume Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645; married Marie Madeleine Nolin..
November 19: A Neutrality Pack was made between France and England to resolve the dispute over the Hudson Bay. A commission is to define the boundaries between New France and the Hudson Bay.
November 25: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (II)-Louis Gervaise, Metis, born November 24, 1663, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married (II)-Barbe Pigeon daughter (I)-Pierre Pigeon.
December 1: Cap St. Ignace, birth/death (III)-Anonyme Fournier Metis child (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard.
December 5: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Jeanne Gatien, Metis, died July 15, 1755, Quebec, daughter (I)-Pierre Gaten b-1659 and (III)-Genevieve Pinguet, Metis (1665-1702); 1st married August 26, 1704, Quebec, Simon Doyer; 2nd marriage May 28, 1713, Quebec (I)-Henry Cain dit Lataille
1687
The missions St. Joachim & Cap de la Madeleine de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Acadia, birth Pierre Cellier dit Charet Metis the elder son Unknown Cellier dit Charet (Memcharet)d-1708 married 1682, Acadia, Marie Amerindien.b-1663, died March 7, 1727, Port Royal, Acadia ; married 1st Louise Innocent; 2nd marriage Francoise Minus daughter Philippe and Marie
(II)-Pierre Le Moyner sieur d’Iberville (1661-1706) is in France.
Pierre Lefebve, at Beauport, Quebec, is the first recorded suicide in New France, he was found hung in his barn leaving a wife and 4 children.
Louis Armand de Lom d’Arce, baron de Lahontan (1666-1715), wrote that the Indians are truly free while Frenchmen are slaves. He had served in Demonville’s campaign against the Senecas in 1687.
(I)- Jacques Rene de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville (1637-1710), Governor of New France, led an attack against the Seneca (Iroquois) People, systematically destroying their villages. Retaliation would come in 1789. The prisoners of war are sent to France to work on the slave galleys.
(I)-Antoine Laumet de Lamothe Cadillac (1658-1730) son Jean Laumet; married Beauport, Quebec Marie Therese Guton; they had nine children.
(I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) is murdered in the Gult of Mexico by his associates.
(III)-Marie Madeleine Couc-Montour, Metis, baptised, 1687, died February 28, 1697 Trois Rivieres, daughter (II)-Louis Couc dit Montour Metis, , b-1659 and Jeanne Quiquetog8k8e.
(III)-Joseph Montour, Metis, b-1687, baptised January 7, 1688 St. Francois du Lac, son (II)-Louis Couc dit Montour, Metis, b-1659 and Jeanne Quiquetog8k8e; married before October 30, 1711, Detroit, Elizabeth Isabelle Monto/Onontio..
(II)-Jean Baptiste Nouschaux, Metis born Cap de La Madeleine son (I)-Louis Nouschaux and Marie Miscoue Sauvagesse
It was ordered that women of bad character be compelled to heavy physical labor, as deportation to France was not considered sufficient punishment. This was another form of enslavement practiced in the colony. Other punishments at this time included branding, lashing, shackling, mutilation, prison, galleys, burning and hanging.
The Abbe Dudouyt in Paris instructed the Jesuit Seminaire in Quebec to select thirty students by weeding out those who did not apply themselves. It is better to have a few students of high quality than many indifferent ones.
Two hundred families of French Protestant refuges arrived in New York this and next year. These refuges believed that King Louis XIV of France had ordered (I)-Louis de Baud Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, to bring the Iroquois to an alliance, to then descend the Hudson to its mouth where a French fleet would help capture the City. Merchants and gentlemen are for ransom, Protestant farmers and mechanics are for forced labor, and French Protestants are to be sent to France for execution.
(I)-Baron Louis Armand de Lom d’Arce de la Hontan (1666-1710/15) is among 1,600 soldiers who accompany Denouville in a raid against the Iroquois People. He writes: Why are we bothering them? They have given us no cause to attack them.
A French army of 2,000 troops and their Algonquian allies marched into Iroquois country on a preemptive strike, burning villages, destroying cornfields and looting graves.
A Mohawk spokesperson told the French: We intend to stay here and to live here and die here; for where can we run? A number of Iroquois chiefs went to a French camp near Montreal, on the invitation of the French officials, under a flag of truce, to confer with the Governor of Canada. The Intendant, Champigny, had these chiefs seized and by the king’s orders sent to France to serve in the galleys.
Andross became Governor New England and plundered Penobscot and the estate of Baron de St. Castin.
January 10: Sorel, marriage (II)-Daniel Normandin, Metis died September 18, 1729 Batiscan son (I)-Jacob Normandin and Marie Briand; married Louise Hayott born May 1, 1664 Sillery, daughter (II)-Jean Hayot and (II)-Louise Pelletier died November 9, 1713 Quebec.. Tanguay suggests the name Normandin is Sauvage.
January 14: Beauport, Quebec, birth (III)-Marie Jeanne Prevost, Metis, died February 24, 1755 St. Laurent, Montreal, daughter (II)-Jean Prevost, Metis, b-1660 and (II)-Francoise LeBlanc, b-1662: married May 24, 1706 Montreal (I)-Pierre DeNoyon, et Vaujon dit Laframboise, b-1682
February 1, Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Beriau Metis son (I)-Jean Vincent Beriau.(1653-1715) and (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis b-1660
February 14: Montreal, birth, (III)-Jean Baptiste Prudhomme, Metis, died November 10, 1709, Montreal son (II)-Fras Xavier Prudhomme and (II)-Cecile Gervaise, Metis b-1671.
April 17: Lorette, Quebec, birth, (II)-Catherine Couturier, Metis died May 25, 1687 Lorette, Quebec, daughter (I)-Jacques Couturier b-1646 and Catherine Annennontak, Huronne, b-1649, veuve 1662 de Jean Durand (1636-1671).
April 28: Cap de la Madeleine, Quebec birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Nouschaux, Metis son Louis Nouschaux and Marie Miscoue sauvagesse.
June 4: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Jean Baptiste Crevier, Metis son (II)-Nicolas Crevier dit Bellerive Metis and Louise Leloutre, b-1648
July 25: Beauport, birth (II)-Jacques Savariaux son (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) and Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family
November 6: Cap de Madeleine, birth (II)-Marguerite Baudet, Metis daughter (I)-Laurent Baudet and (III)-Marguerite Crevier, Metis born likely Trois Rivieres? daughter (II)-Nicolas Crevier dit Bellerive Metis and Louise Leloutre, b-1648; married Jean Masse
November 12: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Marie Tessier, Metis daughter (II)-Paul Tessier dit Chaumine (1651-1730) and (III)-Madeleine Cloutier (1660-1748); married February 20, 1708, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Paul Baudreau dit Graveline son (I)-Urbain Baudreau..
December 3 birth, 17 death Pte aux Trembles de Quebec (III)-Marie Louise Normandin Metis daughter (II)-Daniel Normandin, Metis d-1729 and Louise Hayott b-1664
1688
(II)-Pierre Le Moyner sieur d’Iberville (1661-1706) is in James Bay.
(III)-Jacques Mius, Metis, b-1688, Acadia son (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi’Kmag.
The mission Riviere des Prairies de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
The edict of King Louis XIV authorized the importation of slaves into New France (Canada) about this time. Some suggests it only related to Negroes from Africa.
Jean Baptiste de la Croix de Chevrieres de Aint-Vallier (1653-1727) succeeded the Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) who resigned, and is more puritanical. He served until 1727. He favored a severe morality and waged war against drunkenness, blasphemy, dancing and immodest dress, including bare arms and low cut gowns worn in their own homes. It is still acceptable by the Church to extract evidence by means of torture, where boards are bound to the shins and wedges hammered in, crushing the bones. Thirty men and women suffered this practice during the century of Royal Religious Government. Jacques de Noyen pushed beyond Lake Superior to explore Rainy Lake and the Lake of the Woods.
After a number of years being attacked by the French army, the Iroquois entered into peace at Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal).
The Indian hostilities in Acadia commenced against the English because Governor Andross attacked the Indian settlement of Penobscot. Andress was relieved of his post but this did not prevent war.
January 7: St. Frs Du Lac, marriage (II)-Louis Couc dit Montour, b-1659 and 2nd marriage, January 7, 1688 St. Du Lac Jeannie Quigesig8k8e, Algonquine, b-1656.
January 7: St. Frs Du Lac, baptism (III)-Jean Couc, metis b-1673 son (II)-Louis Couc dit Montour and 1st marriage Maeleine Sacokie; 2nd marriage January 7, 1688 St. Du Lac Jeannie Quigesig8k8e, Algonquine, sauvageese, b-1656.
March 24: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Louis Lefebvre, Metis son (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers; married February 3, 1722, Champlain, Elisabeth LeGuay
April 21: Quebec, marriage, Mathurin Cadau to (II)-Marie Durand, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671) and Annennontank, Huronne b-1649.
April 21: Laprairie, marriage, (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal); 1st married November 21, 1686 (II)- Laprairie Jeanne Leber b-1671, died December 4, 1687 Laprairie daughter (I)-Jean Leber: 2nd married April 21, 1688 Laprairie (II)- Louise Caron b-1671, died April 13, 1703 Ville-Marie (Montreal),daughter (I)-Claude Caron; 3rd marriage August 27, 1703 Laprairie (II)- Marie Catherine de Poitiers, b-1671 died January 22, 1745 Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Poitiers.
May 10: Boucherville, birth (II)-Jeanne Charron, Metis, New France, daughter (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, of New France, baptized March 30, 1646 La Rochelle, France. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France: married Francois Bouteille.
June 7: Quebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Bodin b-1641 to (III)-Angelique Pinguet, Metis, died May 13, 1744, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; 2nd marriage April 30, 1703, Quebec Francois Laraue.
June 29: St Frs Pte du Lac, birth/death (II)-Pierre Delpee, Metis, son (I)- Francois Singerny also St. Cerny and Delpee (1640-1725) and (II)-Marie Angelique Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, (1661-1750).
July 11: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Anne Gatien, Metis, died March 7, 1689, Quebec daughter (I)-Pierre Gaten b-1659 and (III)-Genevieve Pinguet, Metis (1665-1702).
July 16: Beauport, birth (III)-Jean Langlois, Metis son (II)-Noel Langlois dit Traversy, Metis d-1693 and (II)-Genevieve Parant: married October 10, 1712 Ste Foye, Madeleine Bisson.
July 18: Beauport, birth (III)-Nicolas Giroux, Metis, died November 12, 1734 Charlesbourg son (II)-Michel Giroux (1661-1715) Beauport and (II)-Marie Therese Provost, Metis (1665,-1743): married January 17, 1716 Charlesbourg Marguerite Blondeau
July 18: Beauport, birth (III)-Therese Giroux, Metis, died January 30, 1689 Beauport, daughter (II)-Michel Giroux (1661-1715) Beauport and (II)-Marie Therese Provost, Metis (1665,-1743):
July 27: Lachine, marriage Andre Canaple to (II)-Marie Genevieve, born July 21, 1669, Ville-Marie (Montreal), killed August 5, 1689 Lachine by the Iroquois.
July 31: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage, (I)-Mathurin Cadau et Cadot Le Poitevin (1649-1729), to (II)-Marie Catherine Durand, Metis, born April 21, 1666 daughter (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671) and Catherine (Kateri) Annennontank, Huronne born October, 1648.
August 10: Governor Jacques Rene de Brisay de Denonville wrote to the Marquis de Seignelay, son and heir of Jean Baptiste Colbert: Twenty years ago, we had 2,000 Natives capable of bearing arms and who were the ancestral foes of the Iroquois; This number has been reduced to nothing because today, we could not count on thirty.
August 12: St. Thomas, birth (II)-Pierre Prou Metis son (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert Metis, b-1638; married November 12, 1705, St. Thomas Jean Francois Tibaut.
August 21: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Charles Bredel, Metis son (I)-Jean Bredel, b-1664 to Madeleine St. Jean Lavallee of Nation des Onontagues sauvagesse; Jean 2nd marriage 1703 Lorette (II)-Marie Anne Migneron, epouse January 17, 1712 Quebec Simon Driere
September 8: St. Ignace, birth (II)-Joseph Lemieux, Metis, son (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696).
September 9: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Cecile Lefebvre, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): married June 4, 1708, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (III)-Jean Archambault b-1683, died 1748 son (II)-Laurent Archambault.
December 24: Montreal, birth (III)-Joseph Aubuchon born December 24, 1688, Montreal d-1772 son (II)-Joseph Aubuchon died January 18, 1749 La Lomgue Ponte and (II)-Elizabeth Cucsson b-1667 died May 28, 1711; married, March 19, 1729, Kaskakia, Illinois, Marie Pani8ensa, Oumean, a sauvagesse slave girl.
1689
The first recorded black slaves appeared in New France this year, adding to the Indian slaves population presently being held.
Birth (III)-Claude Lefebvre, Metis, died June 18, 1749, Baie du Febvre, son (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers; married Marie Catherine Desrochers
Cap de la Madeleine, birth (III)-Marie Jeanne Crevier, Metis died February 21, 1726 Montreal daughter (II)-Nicolas Crevier dit Bellerive Metis and Louise Leloutre, b-1648; Soeur dite Ste. Helene (Congr N.D.)
Port Royal: birth (II)-Bernard Anselme d’Abbadie de Saint Castin, Metis, (1689-1720) son a (I)-French officer at Acadia d-1707 and Matilda Penobscot (Abenaki) d-1734 Pau, France daughter Madockawando (Matakando) d-1698; married Marie Charlotte Damour daughter Louis Damour. Castin was a pirate by trade, preyed on the English and used Port Royal as his home base where he was well regarded.
Louis XIV had commanded (I)-Louis de Baud Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, to cancel all forest trading permits, close and destroy all forts and forest posts, and order all ranging spirits home and compel them to stay. Ville-Marie (Montreal) prosperity is totally dependent on the western Coureurs des Bois fur trade. (I)-Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, knew that no power in the land could enforce them. The orders are not followed. France and England are at war, and the Iroquois began war on New France. The French blame the English and attacked their settlements, killing men, women and children.
Greysolon du L’hut and Nicholas de Mantet, with twenty-eight Coureurs des Bois at the lake of Two Mountains, killed twenty-one Iroquois. One escaped.
The King William’s War (1689-1697) was between England and France.
January 28: The French army departed Trois Rivieres, Quebec to attack New England.
February 21: Boucherville, marriage Jacques Hubert to (II)-Marie Therese Charron, Metis, New France, daughter (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, of New France, baptized March 30, 1646 La Rochelle, France. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France:
February 25: Montreal, birth, (III)-Cecile Prudhomme, Metis died July 19, 1777, Montreal, daughter (II)-Fras Xavier Prudhomme and (II)-Cecile Gervaise, Metis b-1671; married January 18, 1718 (III)-Louis Lamy born August 29, 1790, Sorel died September 25, 1748 Sorel and Catherine Badaillac.
March 9, Quebec, birth (II)-Maurice Beriau Metis son (I)-Jean Vincent Beriau.(1653-1715) and (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis b-1660; married April 28, 1711 Quebec, Catherine Monet.
May 2: Champlain, marriage (III)-Francois Pelletier, Metis b-1663 Quebec son (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) and (II)-Margurite Madeleine Morisseau, epouse January 9, 1698 Montreal Pierre Maillet
May 6, Quebec, birth (II)-Maurice Beriau Metis son (I)-Jean Vincent Beriau.(1653-1715) and (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis b-1660; married April 28, 1711 Quebec Catherine Monet.
May 24: Cap St. Ignace, birth/death (III)-Anonyme Fournier Metis child (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard.
May 24: King William’s War is declared between England and France. New France is now pitted against the English in New England and New York and their Iroquois allies.
June: Sieur Chevalier de Callieres, Governor of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal), proposed to the King of France, to attack New York for instigating the Iroquois Nation against Canada. The King approved the venture and requested that non-Catholic prisoners, either English or Dutch, be expelled to New England, Pennsylvania or other areas. Bishop Jean Baptiste de la Croix Chevriere de Saint Vallier (1688-1727) issued a pastoral letter concluding that the advance of the English menace was due to of sins of the French Canadians. The Bishop called the people to arms to protect the colony.
June: Dover, New Hampshire was destroyed. Major Waldron and 22 others were killed and 29 taken captive. The Major was tortured a slow death for his atrocities committed 12 years earlier against the Indians. Saco and Pemaquid where shortly also destroyed.
June 7: (I)- Louis de Baud (Buade) comte of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, is assigned a second term as Governor of New France, October 12, 1689 to November 28, 1698.. He is ordered to expel the English from the Hudson Bay and to take the colony of New York. He ignored the French directives and instead sent raiding parties against New York and New England. Frontenac used his position to profit from the fur trade.
June 20: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Angelique Bodin, Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Bodin b-1641 and (III)-Angelique Pinguet, Metis b-1672; married June 17, 1715, Quebec Jacques Philippe Lebel.
July 23: Sebastian Rale (1657-1724), a Jesuit, arrived in Quebec from France and is sent to Kennebec River among the Abenaki.
August 4-5: In retaliation for the French attack on the Seneca in 1687, one thousand, five hundred Iroquois, with English support, attacked Lachine down river from the mission of the Mountain of Ville-Marie (Montreal), killing 400. They put everything to fire and axe. Some suggest that this is a gross exaggeration and that only 24-25 were killed and likely 90 were captured by the Iroquois, but never returned. Others suggest those captured were burned.
August 5: Lachine, death (II)-Marie Genevieve born July 21, 1669 Ville-Marie (Montreal), killed by the Iroquois; married July 27, 1688 Lachine, Andre Canaple.
August 15: The French and Abenaki Indians attacked Fort Pemequid near Kennebec, Maine.
August 29: Beauport, Quebec, birth (III)-Francoise Prevost, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Prevost, Metis, b-1660 and (II)-Francoise LeBlanc, b-1662: married November 23, 1711 Montreal (I)-Jean Viau (1681-1750).
(II)-Jean Baudry dit L’Epinette born April 6, 1678 is killed September 8, 1689 by the Iroquois, daughter (I)-Antoine Daury dit L’Epinette, b-1638 and Catherine Guyard, b-1639, Paris.
September 16: Beauport, birth (II)-Suzanne Savariaux daughter (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) and Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family; married April 24, 1713 Quebec (II)-Andre Louineau, b-1681
October: Marie Louise Pittman, born November 15, 1657, Piscatoue, daughter Guillaume Pittman and Barbe; is captured by the savages October 1689; married Marie Willis; baptised December 8, 1693 Montreal.
October 11: Montreal, marriage (II)-Charles Lemaitre to (III)-Madeleine Crevier, de Bellerive Metis born likely Trois Rivieres? daughter (II)-Nicolas Crevier dit Bellerive Metis and Louise Leloutre, b-1648
October 12-18: (I)-Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, arrived back in Quebec. King Louis XIV gave Frontenac three clear directives: to restore New France, control the Iroquois and defeat the English.
November 13: Twenty miles down river from Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal), the settlement of La Chesnaye was destroyed by Iroquois, killing twenty people.
December 12: Sorel, death Jeanne Rousey, sauvagesse b-1622 married to (I)-Nicolas Pelletier.
1690
The Religieuses Hospitaliers in Quebec applied for and obtained trading licenses.
A conference held during May in New York agreed to attack Forts Ville-Marie (Montreal) and Quebec in retaliation for the French invasion. Selected to lead the Expedition is William Phips, Governor of Massachusetts, Bay Province.
February 10: Boucherville, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Barron (Baron)
Nicolas Bernard b-1662 married 1690 Marguerite sauvagesse b-1662.
(II)-Rene Hilaire Cuillerier, b-1690, died January 2, 1771 Hospital General, Montreal, married 1st. (II)-Marie Jeanne Cornuo (1694-1756); 2nd marriage Elisabeth Padoka Sauvegesse.
An ancestor of the Garneau clan (I)-Luc Proteau born 1668 married 1690 Pte Aux Trembles, New France (II)-Marie Madeleine Germain born 1670.
There are 4092 slaves recorded in New France by this date including 1,400 Negres and 2,692 Indians.
Based on religious teachings, most New France people believed in magic and witchcraft. Tales are told of flying canoes, werewolves and encounters with the devil. The clergy is called to exorcise a suspected sorceress, but this never reached the religious furor of the Salem witch hunts.
Beaver pelts were piling up in stockrooms and rotting because supply greatly exceeded French demand. The French market could only absorb 40,000 to 50,000 pounds of pelts per year. In 1689 800,000 pounds of beaver pelts arrived Montreal.
Fifteen leagues below Fort Quebec are a number of Coureurs des Bois and Ottawa who are in rebellion and very desirous to trade with the English, as the French are unable to furnish goods. The Jesuits who live among the Ottawa are not well liked according to Samuel York.
(I)-Claude de Ramezay, (1659-1724) Governor Trois Rivieres (1690-1699).
The Abnakis who are 3 leagues from Quebec plant Skamounar also called Turkey Wheat or Indian Corn.
Port-Royal, Acadia is captured by the British. It will be renamed Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia
January 1: Pte du Lac, birth (II)-Marie Jeanne Delpee, Metis, daughter, (I)- Francois Singerny also St. Cerny and Delpee (1640-1725) and (II)-Marie Angelique Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, (1661-1750).
January 11: Champlain, marriage (I)-Jacques Sauvage, d-1767 married (III)-Catherine Jean View, daughter (II)-Jean Vien, epouse August 5, 1724, Detroit, Pierre Godfroy.
January 22: Montreal, birth (III)-Jacques Goguet, Metis, son (II)-Pierre Goguet and (II)-Anne Charron, Metis, b-1670 daughter, (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar ou Pilet-Pillard, Metis, b-1651?.
February 8: (I)-Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, ordered a three-prong attack on the English. Nicholas de Mantet, Jacques Le Moyne de Ste Helene and (II)-Pierre Le Moyne’d (Moyner) Iberville et d’Ardillieres (d’Iberville) (1661-1706); a ruthless, cruel man, and two hundred and fifty men, in February, destroyed Schenectardy, Connecticut (New York), killing thirty eight men and boys, ten women and twelve children. They captured between eighty and ninety men. Other accounts suggest sixty residents were massacred including seventeen children. Either version suggests they were massacred. Francois Joseph Hertel de Moncour (1642-1722), with twenty-four French and an equal number of Natives, attacked Salmon Falls, Maine (March 27-28) between New Hampshire and Maine, killing thirty men, women and children. The captured totaled fifty-four women and children. Many escaped only to perish by exposure or frozen limbs.
February 10: Boucherville, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Barron (Baron) son (I)-Ledger Baron (1642-1711) and (II)-Marie Anne Baudon, died July 4, 1703 Boucherville; married about 1730 Illinois, Marie Catherine Illinois Indian, b-1703, died October 12, 1745 Illinoise de Kaskakia; 2nd marriage August 18, 1748 Cahokia Domitlde Rolet.
March 5: Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Blanchet, died September 6, 1693 St. Thomas, Metis son (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
March 28: Berwick is attacked, 34 killed and 50 taken prisoner and the town was burnt.
March 30: Cap St. Ignace, birth (III)-Francois Langlois, Metis, son, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, b-1648 and (II)-Marie Cadieu:
April 5: St. Thomas, Pierreville, death, (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, son (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690), and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e, Algonquine sauvagesse (1631-1699).
April 25: Cap St. Ignace, birth/death (III)-Anonyme Fournier Metis child (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard.
April 28: Levis, birth (II)-Joseph, died May 5, 1690, Gesseron, Metis son (I)-Louis Gesseron dit Brulot b-1639 and (II)-Agathe Fournier, Metis, b-1657
May: Seven war ships with 736 New Englanders, under William Phips (1650-1695), attacked Acadia; Port Royal fell without resistance, La Here and Chedabucto, sacking houses, destroying crops, slaughtering livestock and they burned the Forts and houses.
May 26: Falmouth is attacked and all citizens unable to reach the fort are slain. Fort Loyal after 4 days defense surrendered. About 100 men, women and children are killed. Captain Davis and 3/4 others were taken captive. Major Church believed this vicious attack was in retaliation to an English vicious attack on Lachine last year, that saw 200 men, women and children burned alive. Some were forced to throw their own children into the fire. Others died under prolonged torture.
May 27: Ville-Marie (Montreal), Jean Haude Heart murdered Francois Pougnet b-1645 on January 26, 1690. He was condemned to having his right had cut in front of victims house, to receive six sharp blows on the legs, the thighs and arms on a scaffold. He was then put on the wheel until certified dead. The torturer was Jean Ratter.
May 28: Francois Joseph Hertel de Moncour’s (1642-1722) band of thirty six joined Portneuf and his one hundred and ten French with a large number of Natives, making a force of five hundred, attacked Fort Loyal, Casco Bay (Portland, Maine). The Fort surrendered, and the French turned the people over to the Natives. On their return they were pursued by a British American party, resulting in the death of Louis Crevier nephew of Hertel. He and his sons were long remembered for their many brutal attacks on the English colonies.
July 6: Montreal, birth (III)-Jean Baptiste Desrosiers, Metis son (II)-Michel Desrosiers b-1652 and (II)-Marie Jeanne Artaut, Metis
July 7: Quebec, birth (II)-Pierre Bodin Bodin, Metis, died May 5, 1749, Quebec, son (I)-Pierre Bodin b-1641 and (III)-Angelique Pinguet, Metis b-1672.
July 31: Beauport, birth (III)-Genevieve Langlois, Metis, daughter, (II)-Noel Langlois dit Traversy, Metis d-1693 and (II)-Genevieve Parant: married February 14, 1708 Beauport, Rene Toupin.
August 10: A fleet of thirty-two ships set sail for Fort Quebec with two thousand and two hundred men. The ships had been waiting for supplies from England. A land army from New York, headed by Fitz John Winthrop of Connecticut and Robert Livingston of New York, with eight hundred English and an equal number of Iroquois, was to attack Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal). Winthrop noted that they prayed to almighty God to help subdue Canada. Due to bungling, only twenty-nine English and one hundred Iroquois made it to La Prairie on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, killing or capturing twenty-five French.
August 17: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Charles Tessier, Metis, died December 26, 1747, Montreal son (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), and (II)-Louise Caron (1671-1703); 1st married April 9, 1720, Montreal Suzanne Buisson; 2nd marriage March 19, 1723, Montreal Francoise Janson; 3rd marriage October 29, 1726, Montreal, Marie Madeleine Pepin.
September 25: St. Thomas, birth (II)-Joseph Prou Metis, died November 5, 1693 St. Thomas, son (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
October: About 30 English war ships entered the St. Lawrence River to take Quebec.
October 16: Sir William Phips, Major General, arrived at Fort Quebec with Senior Officers Lieutenant General Walley, Admiral Captain Gilbert and Vice-Admiral Captain Joseph Eldridge, and began planning the attack on Fort Quebec.
October 18: One thousand, three hundred (1,500?) landed on the Beauport Shoals and secured a position at St. Charles (between Beauport and Quebec) with little resistance. They burned 6-7 farms, killed 2 French and wounded 13. William Phips assumed the land force was successful and began the bombardment of Fort Quebec, both upper and lower towns. Return fire raked the ships. They were unable to land cannon at the St. Charles position, and they could make no headway. Gunpowder is running short on the ships; as a quick victory was assumed and supplies are limited. (I)-Daniel d’Auger de Subercase (1662-1732) was with Frontenac in Quebec. William Phips of New England ordered a retreat and the exchange of prisoners and returned to Boston, losing four of his ships and 400 men in the process. The English, however, blockaded the St. Lawrence, and only one in three supply ships made it through, placing Fort Quebec in a starvation scenario. Many Massachusetts, expecting plunder from Quebec, were brought to near bankruptcy. The attacking English men were farmers, tradesmen and townsfolk, not solders or sailors. They were required to supply their own guns. Some were 60 to 70 years old, showing signs of modifications and repair. They were required to supply their own eating utensils, ammunition containers and clothing. The bombardment of Quebec only resulted in the death of one child but the raked English ships lost 100 men and serious damage to four large ships. It was noted that 200 Loups (Englishmen, disguised as Savages) was employed against the French.
October 19: Montreal, birth (III)-Jacques Lemaitre, Metis died November 7, 1690 Montreal, son (II)-Charles Lemaitre and (III)-Madeleine Crevier, de Bellerive Metis
November 30: Beauport, birth (III)-Anne Therese Giroux, Metis, daughter (II)-Michel Giroux (1661-1715) Beauport and (II)-Marie Therese Provost, Metis (1665,-1743): married January 26, 1712 Beauport, Jean Duprac
December 26: Batiscan, birth (II)-Marie Louise Cadau et Cadot, Metis, died November 11, 1708 daughter (I)-Mathurn Cadotte, Cadau alias Poitevin (1649-1729) and (II)-Marie Catherine Durand, Metis, born June 4, 1666 Cap Rouge (Sillery), Quebec, died November 25, 1708 Batiscan, Quebec.
December 26: Montreal, birth, (III)-Cunegonde Prudhomme, Metis died October daughter (II)-Fras Xavier Prudhomme and (II)-Cecile Gervaise, Metis b-1671; married January 7, 1721, Montreal, (II)-Jacques Gauthier b-1691, Montreal, son (I)-Jean Gautier et Gauthier and Jeanne Petit, b-1657.
1691
(II)-Pierre Le Moyner sieur d’Iberville (1661-1706) is in the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay).
(III)-Pierre D’Azy Mius, Metis, b-1691, Acadia son (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi’Kmag.
The mission St. Augustin de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
The English asked the Iroquois to keep the French in perpetual alarm.
Monseigneur de Saint Vallier, bishop of Quebec, forbid the people to dance.
The Coureurs des Boise are spending 2-3 years in the woods, traveling everywhere.
Fort La Chine (Lachine), also known as Fort Remy, is established nine miles above Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) at the head of the Lachine rapids.
A plague of caterpillars destroyed the crop this year, and the colony is besieged with a plague of squirrels that soon found their way to the tables of the hungry settlers. New France is perishing by inches, so wrote (I)-Louis de Baud Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot.
Birth (III)-Pierre Pelletier, Metis, b-1691died February 7, 1757 Berthier en Haut son (II)-Francois Pelletier, Metis and Marguerite Morisseau.
(I)-Joseph Chevalier Robineau de Villebon (1655-1700) brother Menneval had obtained permission from King Louis XIV to make Acadia French, and he was made Governor (1690-1700). Acadia included Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and most of Maine. The English set the southern boundary at the St. Croix River and the French at the Kennebec River. The population was one thousand, mostly at Port Royal with its Fort and ninety houses. The Bay of Fundy had the settlements of Beaubassin and Les Minas. However, no one Country really dominated this land.
(I)-Joseph Chevalier Robineau de Villebon (1655-1700) sailed to Port Royal to a welcomed surrender. Crossing to St. John river, upstream to Naxouat, across the river from present-day Fredericton, New Brunswick, and built Fort Naxouat (Jemseg). He believed this was easier to defend than Port Royal. His instructions are to engage the Natives in continuous war with the English. Father Louis Pierre Thury, (1644-1699), an English missionary trained in Fort Quebec, is a zealot who firmly believed the English were enemies of God. He instructed the Natives to attack the English, since this is the sure road to Divine favor. Port Royal is attacked by pirates.
New France Intendant, Champigny, reported that most who work their lands are rich or, at very least, very comfortable; having good fishing close to their homes and a goodly number of cattle in pasture.
February 16: Monsignor de Saint Vallier, Bishop of Quebec urges the confessors to keep the parishioners away from popular dances, which are gatherings of iniquity.
Death, (II)-Ignace Durand, Metis, born likely Sillery, died November 30, 1697 Cap St. Ignace, son (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671) and Catherine Annennontak, Huronne B-1649.
(II)-Ignace Durand, Metis b-1669, died November 30, 1670?, Cap St. Ignace, Quebec, son (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671) and Catherine Annennontank, Huronne b-1649; married February 24, 1691 Catherine Miville.
February 17: Sorel, birth (IV)- Jean Francois Pelletier, Metis son (III)-Francois Pelletier Metis (1663-1692) killed by the Iroquois and (II)-Genevieve Le Tendre; married August 17, 1691, Quebec, Catherine Arnaul
February 24: Quebec marriage (II)-Ignace Durant (1699-1697) Metis son (I)-Jean Durant (1640-1671) and Catherine Annennontak (Huronne) b-1649; married (II)-Marie Catherine Miville daughter (I)-Jacques Miville, epouse September 16, 1701 Quebec, Jean Soulard.
March 28: Cap St. Ignace, birth/death (III)-Anonyme Fournier Metis son (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard.
April: The King of France based on a proposal by the Company of the North, authorized (I)-Louis de Buade, Compte de Frontenac Governor (1689-98) to take Fort Nelson. The Company of the North led by d’Iberville shall use the ship Hazardeux commanded by Sieur Tast.
April 7: Joseph Robinau de Villebon (1655-1700) is appointed commandant of Acadia (1691-1700). En route to Avadia, a Boston vessel was captured, and Colonel Edward Tyng (1649-1691), British Governor of Acadia ( Nova Scotia), was captured. He died in captivity in France.
April 26: Quebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Gatien, died December 11, 1749, Quebec. daughter (I)-Pierre Gaten b-1659 and (III)-Genevieve Pinguet, Metis (1665-1702): 1st married November 10, 1710, Quebec (I)-Jean Marchesseau dit Laramee; 2nd married January 20, 1737, Quebec (I)-Christophe Dubois.
May 12: Intendant Jean Bochart de Champigny wrote: It is regrettable that our vigorous, never-tiring Canadian youth are attracted to nothing but these kinds of journeys, where they live in the woods like savages, spending two or three years without receiving the sacraments, in idleness and often extraordinary misery. Once accustomed to this life, they find it hard to dedicate themselves to cultivating the land, and they live in extreme poverty, because they spend much upon their return. On the other hand, those who settle and add value to the land are rich, or, at least, live very comfortably with their fields and fish ponds around their houses, as well as considerable numbers of cattle. There will be a lack of Frenchmen to settle the country as most children spend all their time in journeys, a situation that is not consequential to any measure of sternness.
May 16, Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Angelique Beriau Metis died October 24, 1731 Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Vincent Beriau.(1653-1715) and (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis b-1660; married 1st November 9, 1720 Quebec, Elie Lafarge; married 2nd February 23, 1727, Quebec, Thomas Castillon
April: Point Aux Trembles is attacked, with thirty homes being burned. In retaliation, at Repentigny; a few miles down river, forty or more Iroquois are discovered sleeping and are killed. The captives are burned at the stake in Repentigny, Point Aux Trembles and Boucherville by the French. As a result, the Iroquois would not keep up the attacks unless the English joined in.
June 27: Pte aux Trembles de Quebec birth (III)-Jean Francois Normandin Metis son (II)-Daniel Normandin, Metis d-1729 and Louise Hayott b-1664
July 19: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Urbain Lefebvre, Metis, died March 9, 1729 Repentigny, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): married May 17, 1716 Batiscan (III)-Louise Catherine Rivard dit Langouette, b-1695 died February 16, 1775 Repentignay, daughter (II)-Pierre Rivard.
August: Major Schuyler, with a force of one hundred and fifty English and Dutch from Albany and fifty Iroquois, set out to attack Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) or rather, La Prairie. La Prairie, however, is defended by one thousand eight hundred men. Schuyler escaped the attack with his life but lost most of his men.
August 15: Sorel, birth (IV)-Jean Francois Metis son (III)-Francois Pelletier, Metis b-1663 and (II)-Margurite Madeleine Morisseau, epouse January 9 , 1698 Montreal Pierre Maillet; Married March 25, 1718 Detroit Marie Robert. Jeans descendants are in the Strait and Munro on Lake Erie.
August 27: Pte Aux Trembles (II)-Nicolas Millet dit Beausseron and his 1st wife (II)-Catherine Chaperon who died January 9, 1695 were captured by the Iroquois August 27 and returned September 4, 1691.
September 22: Montreal, birth (III)-Marie Francoise Lemaitre-Auger, b-1691 Metis daughter (II)-Charles Lemaitre and (III)-Madeleine Crevier, de Bellerive Metis; married February 9, 1711 Trois Rivieres, (II)-Charles Paillier et Paille (1683-1758)
October 29: La Cote St Laurent, death Denise Lemaistre, killed by the Iroquois, veuve Pierre Peras and (I)-Francois Cahel (1642-1687).
December 7: Montreal, birth (III)-Jean Goguet, Metis, son (II)-Pierre Goguet and (II)-Anne Charron, Metis, b-1670 daughter, (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar ou Pilet-Pillard, Metis, b-1651?.
December 26: Quebec, birth (II)-Pierre Etienne Bodin, Metis son (I)-Pierre Bodin b-1641 and (III)-Angelique Pinguet, Metis b-1672.
1692
The missions Beaumont & Lotbiniere de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Acadia, birth Pierre Cellier dit Charet Metis the younger son Unknown Cellier dit Charet (Memcharet)d-1708 married 1682, Acadia, Marie Amerindien.b-1663, died March 7, 1727, Port Royal, Acadia; married Madeleine Ouaouamintetces
Marie Madeleine Jarret Tarieu (1678-1747) at Vercheres, Quebec when only age 14 took up defense of her fathers fort with only two soldiers plus women and children. About 45 Iroquois were attacking the fort. She immediately ordered one gun be placed in each opening. They marched back and forth firing the guns at random. All women were trained in loading the guns. Fires were lit to give the illusion of a well armed fort. They held the fort against the Iroquois for 8 days. She later married Pierre Thomas Tarieu De La Naudiere and had 5 children
New France was losing the War until they adopted the hit and run tactics of the Iroquois. The French took over one hundred Iroquois scalps, thirty prisoners and eleven women and children.
Charles Claude de Villieu, with the help of Father Louis Pierre Thury, (1644-1699); an English missionary, approached Oyster River, twelve miles from Portsmouth where Duram now stands, and attacked; killing one hundred and four mostly women and children and taking twenty seven prisoners. The band broke up into smaller groups, and one group attacked Groton with forty dead. Villieu is pleased, as he said not even infants in the cradle are spared. There was also a contingent of twenty French headed by Governor Villebon’s brother, Portneuf, that headed for the village of Wells; which was about the same size as York. Wells, however, is prepared for war when the four hundred-man force attacked. The greatly outnumbered defenders caused the attackers to withdraw in total failure.
De Villebon built Fort Saint Joseph up the St. John River.
Caterpillars destroyed most of the crop in New France this year.
(I)-Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698)- the Huguenot, is sending voyageurs to the Ottawa and Wendat with military supplies, but these men are trading for furs under their own account. These same voyageurs turned Coureurs des Bois and are trading into Dakota and Assiniboine country.
January: Father Louis Pierre Thury, (1644-1699), an English missionary, led one hundred and fifty of his trusted Abnaki converts into the forest at Kennebec where they met another group of Natives who agreed to join in for plunder.
January 25: Marie Risheoth born January 8, 1660 York daughter Edouard Rishwoth, English from Lincoln and Suzanne Wilright; captured January 25, 1692 along with Genevieve and Marie Joseph Sayer; 1st married Guillaume Sayer; 2nd marriage Jacques Pleisted.
February 4: They approached the town of York with three to four hundred inhabitants. Of the hundred killed, many are women and children, and eighty are taken captive. Into June the killings continued, now involving the Micmac, Malecite and Abnaki. Father Baudoin’s mission at Beaubassin, at the head of Fundy, also provided recruits.
February 24: St. Jean, birth (II)-Louis Blanchet, died August 23, 1693 St. Jean, Metis son (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
February 24: Cap St. Ignace, birth (III)-Francois Fournier Metis died March 7, 1692 Cap St. Ignace son (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard.
March 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Marie Louise Tessier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), and (II)-Louise Caron (1671-1703); 1st married November 18, 1709, Montreal, (II)-Paul Dumouchel (1684-1719); 2nd marriage June 8, 1722, Montreal, (II)-Jean Bouchard dit Lavallee (1697-1747).
May 24: Montreal, baptism, Pierre Celestin Negre a native of Madagascar, b-1668, a slave of Pierre Leber, a merchant.
May 24: Montreal, baptism, Louis Negre, a native of Madagascar and slave of M. Dupre married this date,
July 13: St. Thomas, birth/death (II)-Catherine Prou Metis daughter (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
July 29: Quebec, baptism Jean Baptist Etchemin (sauvage) b-1620.
July 31: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Anne Agnes Tessier, Metis, died March 8, 1738, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (II)-Paul Tessier dit Chaumine (1651-1730) and (III)-Madeleine Cloutier (1660-1748); married February 28, 1713, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Jacques Moquin b-1681, died March 8, 1738, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)-Mathurine Moquin.
August: Montreal, about 180 canoes filled with Ottawa’s, Huron’s (Wendat) and 250 voyageurs (coureur des bois) visited to trade furs.
August 4: Quebec, baptism Marie Ursule a Micmac (sauvage) b-1690.
August 20: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Charles Lefebvre dit St. Jean, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): married February 8, 1717 Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Francoise Gaudry, b-1697 daughter (II)-Nicolas Gaudry.
October 14: Quebec, baptism Marie Madeleine de l’Acadie (sauvage).
October 22: The Iroquois attacked Ville-Marie (Montreal) which was defended by two soldiers, a fourteen year old Madeleine Jarret de Vercheres aided by her two younger brothers, an old servant and a few mothers with infants. They held the Fort for the eight day siege. The single Iroquois who chased Madeleine to the fort became a band of 45 with the telling. Gord Rainey suggests Madelaine defended her father’s small fort at Vercheres against the Iroquois, not the much larger fort at Ville Marie (Montreal).
November 4, Chateau Richer, marriage Jean David to (III)-Marie Anne Prevost, Metis daughter (II)-Louis Prevost, Metis, (1651-1686), (II)-Francoise Gagnon, b-1655: Marie second marriage June 25, 1704 Clement Langlois.
December 6: Sorel, birth/death (IV)- Joseph Pelletier, Metis son (III)-Francois Pelletier Metis (1663-1692) killed by the Iroquois and (II)-Genevieve Le Tendre
1693
(III)-Marie Mius, Metis, b-1692/93, Acadia daughter (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi’Kmag; married August 24, 1726, Jean Baptiste Thomas..
The missions St. Michel de la Durantaye, Varennes & Ste Anne de la Perade de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Jean Baptiste Baruc, Anglas, born May 6, 1673, Corlar, baptised September 8, 1693, Ville-Marie (Montreal), a prisoner February 1690, son of a monk or brother in the service of Marie Anne Migeon and Francais, likely a savagesse.
(I)-Pierre You, Sieur De la Decouverte (1669-1718), married likely 1693 Ville-Marie (Montreal) to Elisabeth Sauvagesse Miami, 2nd marriage 1697 Montreal, Madeleine Just, veuve de Jerome Leguay
One child of first marriage recorded:
(II)-Marie Anne You, Metis b-1694, married August 15, 1718, Jean Richard
Birth (III)-Joseph Lefebvre, Metis, died August 3, 1754, Baie du Febvre son (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers; married 1st november 10, 1727, Baie du Febvre, Genevieve Disy; 2nd marriage July 23, 1731, Catherine Messier
Antoinette Le Grand gave birth to Pierre an illegitimate in Montreal, father is unknown. She married Nicolas Preunior.
One hundred and ninety thousand livres are spent fortifying Fort Quebec and next year, seven hundred and fifty thousand would be spent on conscripting every able bodied man for twenty miles around Fort Quebec, and paying for the growing numbers of soldiers. Upgrading of defenses is also taking place in Three Rivers and Ville-Marie (Montreal). Sporadic attacks and reprisals with the Iroquois continued, as did the burnings at the stake in Forts Ville-Marie (Montreal) and Quebec. The Jesuit wrote, “Seen the burning of an Iroquois without feeling sure that he is on the path to paradise; and we never knew one of them to be surely on the path to paradise without seeing him pass through this fiery punishment.” The Canadian version of the only good Indian is a (baptized) dead Indian.
(I)-Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, following the strategy of the Jesuit ,decided to widen the breach between the Christian and Non-Christian Mohawk. He commissioned Nicholas d’Ailleboust de Mantet (1663-1709), Courtemanche and Le Noue with one hundred soldiers and Christian Caughnawaga Natives drawn from all missions in the colony, making a force of six hundred and twenty five men. The plan is to use the Christian Mohawk from the mission of Sault Saint Louis or Caughnawaga, across the river from Lachine, to kill their relatives. Three Mohawk villages are attacked in Northern New York, with twenty to thirty being killed and three hundred captured. The hidden strategy is to immediately kill all their male captives. However, the Christian natives would have none of it. Peter Schuyler and a band of Mohawk arrived to do battle and, being joined by the Oneida, they made an equal force. The Christian Natives are showing signs of decamping, having had enough of this fruitless venture. Father Guy and other priests stood before their converts saying, “What are you afraid of? We are fighting infidels who have nothing human but the shape.” The French retreated with their prisoners and threatened to kill them if pursued, and the infidel Iroquois withdrew from the encounter. This action, however, convinced the northern tribes and voyagers to open trading after three years of slow trade down the St. Lawrence.
The Roman Catholic hierarchy was apposed to public theatrical performance in Quebec, and this belief reached its pinnacle in 1693/94 when Bishop Saint Vallier bribed Governor Frontenac not to allow the staging of Moliere Tartuffe; famous for its attack on religious hypocrisy. As a result, no Native theatrical tradition existed during the French regime.
The Seminary of St. Sulprice claimed and received full Feudal Property Rights of administration “high and low justice” on their domain. They also obtained the privilege of nominating the first Royal Judge. This is noteworthy, as this presidency can be expanded to 1/4 of New France which is under religious control. This is a common Roman tactic which has been used by the Church for centuries.
January 22: Beauport, birth (III)-Marie Genevieve Giroux, Metis, daughter (II)-Michel Giroux (1661-1715) Beauport and (II)-Marie Therese Provost, Metis (1665,-1743): married November 22, 1712, Beauport, Francois Tardif
January 31: Montreal, birth, (III)-Catherine Prudhomme, Metis died April 16, 1774, Montreal daughter (II)-Fras Xavier Prudhomme and (II)-Cecile Gervaise, Metis b-1671; married July 27, 1718, Montreal (III)-Pierre Lamy, b-1692 son (II)-Pierre Lamy, b-1725 and Elizabeth Coltret, d-1770.
January 31: Cap St. Ignace, birth/death (III)-Anonyme Fournier Metis child (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard.
February 16: Repentigny, birth (II)-Madeleine Fonteneau, daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Fonteneau dit St. Jean, b-1650 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis, b-1640,
March 21: Champlain, birth (III)-Marie Josetle Desrosiers, Metis, died February 29, 1696 Champlain, daughter (II)-Michel Desrosiers b-1652 and (II)-Marie Jeanne Artaut, Metis
April 11: Batiscan, birth (II)-Jean Cadau et Cadot, Metis, died November 6, 1743 Batiscan, son (I)-Mathurn Cadotte, Cadau alias Poitevin (1649-1729) and (II)-Marie Catherine Durand, Metis, born June 4, 1666 Cap Rouge (Sillery), Quebec, died November 25, 1708 Batiscan, Quebec; 1st Married November 20, 1721 Batiscan (II)-Marie Josette Proteau (1701-1731); 2nd marriage August 10, 1734 Batiscan, Marie Rivard.
May 4: Quebec, baptism Marie Joseph a Huronne (sauvage).
June 3: Montreal, birth (II)-Raymond Chagnon. Metis, son (I)-Francois Chagnon (1645-1693 and (II)-Catherine Charon, Metis, born September 29, 1686 Montreal:
June 24: Quebec, baptism Marie Francoise (sauvage).
June 24: Quebec, baptism Louise Francoise (sauvage).
July 7: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Gatien, Metis, died December 13, 1694, Quebec daughter (I)-Pierre Gaten b-1659 and (III)-Genevieve Pinguet, Metis (1665-1702).
July 27: Pointe Aux Trembles de Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (II)-Nicolas Gervaise, Metis, (1666-1750), son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married, (II)-Madeleine Peyet, b-1677 daughter (I)-Pierre Payet.
August 4: Two hundred canoes of furs, from the west, arrived in Ville-Marie (Montreal).
September 12: Beauport, birth (III)-Louise Catherine Langlois, Metis, daughter, (II)-Noel Langlois dit Traversy, Metis d-1693 and (II)-Genevieve Parant.: married November 26, 1714, Beauport, Jean Hoppe
September 20: St. Thomas, birth (II)-Anne Prou Metis daughter (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
September 29: Levis, birth (II)-Catherine Gesseron, Metis, died October 12, 1693 daughter (I)-Louis Gesseron dit Brulot b-1639 and (II)-Agathe Fournier, Metis, b-1657
October 5: Quebec, baptism Charles Abenaquis (sauvage).
October 18: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth/death, (III)-Joseph Gervaise, Metis son (II)-Louis Gervaise, Metis, b- 1663, and (II)-Barbe Pigeon.
October 29: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (II)-Charles Gervaise, Metis, born November 18, 1668, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married October 29, 1693, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Marie Boyer
November 17: Montreal, birth (III)-Catherine Goguet, Metis, died September 8, 1694 Montreal, daughter (II)-Pierre Goguet and (II)-Anne Charron, Metis, b-1670 daughter, (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar ou Pilet-Pillard, Metis, b-1651?.
December 9: Sorel, marriage (II)-Etienne Volant, Metis, born October 29, 1664 Trois Rivieres to (II)-Genevieve Le Tendre, veuve de Jean Francois Peltier.
December 9, Quebec, birth (II)-Catherine Beriau Metis daughter (I)-Jean Vincent Beriau.(1653-1715) and (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis b-1660; married September 27, 1717 Quebec, Jacques Bertin
December 18: Quebec, birth (II)-Louis Bodin, Metis son (I)-Pierre Bodin b-1641 and (III)-Angelique Pinguet, Metis b-1672.
December 19: Beauport, Quebec, birth (III)-Noel Prevost, Metis, died January 1, 1713, Montreal, son (II)-Jean Prevost, Metis, b-1660 and (II)-Francoise LeBlanc, b-1662.
1694
(III)-Madeleine Mius, Metis, b-1694, Acadia daughter (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi’Kmag; married Jean Baptiste I Guidry, b-1694 died November 13, 1726, hung Boston for Piracy..
The mission St. Nicolas de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
(II)-Marie Anne You, Metis, b-1694, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)-Pierre You, sieur De la Decouverte b-1658, died August 28, 1718, Ville-Marie (Montreal) married likely 1693 Ville-Marie (Montreal) to Elisabeth Sauvagesse Miami; married August 15, 1718, Ville-Marie (Montreal) Jean Richard.
Iberville, with four hundred men, took the newly built Fort Pemaquid in Acadia, which is defended by Pascho Chubb and ninety five men, with little loss, as Chubb surrendered for safe conduct back to Boston. Sebastien de Billie and Father Louis Pierre Thury, (1644-1699), an English missionary, with 230 Indians, attack Oyster Bay, Maine, killing 100 settlers.
Jurriaen Aernoutsz, a Dutchman, claimed Western Acadia (New Brunswick) as New Holland. He captured Fort Pentagouet (Castine, Maine) and Fort Jemseg up the Saint John River. The Dutch colonists skirmished with the New English traders, and the Dutch are banished from Massachusetts which they used as a supply base.
January 16: Sebastien de Billie and Father Louis Pierre Thury, (1644-1699), an English missionary, led 230 Indians in an attack on Oyster Bay, Maine, massacring over 100 settlers.
February 8: Beauport, marriage (III)-Marie Anne Langlois, Metis daughter (II)-Noel Langlois dit Traversy, Metis d-1693 and (II)-Aymee Caron d-1685: married Jean Cote
February 27: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Marie Anne Tessier, Metis, died July 14, 1715, Montreal, daughter (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), and (II)-Louise Caron (1671-1703); married January 27, 1710, Montreal (II)-Bernard Dumouchel (1687-1694)..
April 6: Quebec, baptism Jacques (sauvage).
April 10: Montreal, baptism Jacques Negre, b-1658, a native of Guinee, slave of LeBer.
April 26: St. Jean, birth (II)-Francoise Blanchet, Metis daughter (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
April 26: Cap St. Ignace, birth (III)-Marie Barbe Fournier Metis daughter (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard.
June 8: Montreal, birth (III)-Charles Lemaitre Metis son (II)-Charles Lemaitre and (III)-Madeleine Crevier, de Bellerive Metis;
July 14: Pte aux Trembles de Quebec birth (III)-Madeleine Normandin Metis daughter (II)-Daniel Normandin, Metis d-1729 and Louise Hayott b-1664
July 18: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jean Guillemot et Guilmot dit Lalonde son (I)-Jacques Francois Guillemot; 1st married Catherine Ouabenaquiquay, sauvagesse; 2nd married February 20, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Charlotte Marchaud b-1709.
July 19: Ursule Adams born March 13, 1674 Hamshire (Oyster River) captured July 19, 1694, baptised April 6, 1697 (likely Quebec?) daughter Charles Adams, Anglais and Rebecca Smith.
August 31: An English ship (William and Mary) defeated seven French ships at Ferryland, Nefoundland.
November 5: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Helene Tessier, Metis, daughter (II)-Paul Tessier dit Chaumine (1651-1730) and (III)-Madeleine Cloutier (1660-1748); married (I)-Toussaint Rebou et Ribilliau dit Lajoie (epouse (II)-Agathe Vacher & (III)-Helene Tessier).
December 2: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Cunegonde Lefebvre, Metis born December 2, 1694, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): married April 6, 1717, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (III)-Joseph Descarry (Descaris) b-1691, died April 15, 1747, Ville-Marie (Montreal) son (II)-Paul Descarry (Descaris).
1695
The population of New France is 12,786 French and 853 settled savages.
Acadia, birth Marguerite Cellier dit Charet Metis daughter Unknown Cellier dit Charet (Memcharet)d-1708 married 1682, Acadia, Marie Amerindien.b-1663, died March 7, 1727, Port Royal, Acadia
Michel Germaneau, Metis, born before 1695, died May 15, 1734, Montreal, son Joachim Germano/Germaneau, Metis, and Elisabeth (Isabelle) Couc dit Lafleur/Montour, Metis, b-1667: married April 5, 1717, Montreal Marie Catherine Lapierre/Lecuyer.
Marie Anne Germaneau/Montour, Metis, born about 1695, died April 22, 1730, Quebec, daughter, Joachim Germano/Germaneau, Metis, and Elisabeth (Isabelle) Couc dit Lafleur/Montour, Metis, b-1667: married January 30, 1730 Quebec, Jean Baptiste Montary/Jolicoeur
Quebec, birth, (II)-Marguerite St. Michel, Metis, daughter (I)-Francoise St. Michel dit Rosiers b-1656 and (II)-Marie Artaut, Metis, b-1667; married 1716 Jean Baptiste Brisebois.
Because the French allowed the Coureurs des Bois to trade into the Dakota and Assiniboine country, thereby bypassing the Ottawa and Weddat, they entered into treaty with the Iroquois. This freed the Iroquois to again attack the French settlements with a new fury. The French retaliated with a 2000 man army to invade the Iroquois country. They didn’t engage the Iroquois, but burned their villages and crops. The Iroquois, being primarily an agricultural culture, are forced into starvation and are forced into peace discussions that last three years. Sudden ambushes and swift attacks on both sides continued during discussions.
The French King imposed a fine of 2,000 pounds of sugar if a man was convicted of fathering a child by a slave, and the mother and child was seized and given to the religious to work in the hospitals. Few convictions were handed down, as the slave owners claimed that all slaves were promiscuous and, therefore, loose in sexual relations and that they were liars whose word couldn’t compare to an upright citizen. Sexual relationships between Europeans and their female slaves were a generally accepted practice and an integral part of their culture.
English Colonial authority had more power to create their own laws. The French and Spanish were forced to follow Roman Law but the civilized laws didn’t really apply to slaves, as they were property not people.
Fort Anne, (1695-1708) (Annapolls, Acadia ( Nova Scotia)) is established.
January 2: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Anonyme Gervaise, Metis child (II)-Louis Gervaise, Metis, b- 1663, and (II)-Barbe Pigeon.
January 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Angelique Bodin, Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Bodin b-1641 and (III)-Angelique Pinguet, Metis b-1672.
January 31: Montreal, birth, (III)-Marie Prudhomme, Metis died October 26, 1714 Montreal daughter (II)-Fras Xavier Prudhomme and (II)-Cecile Gervaise, Metis b-1671;
February 11: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Charles Gervaise, Metis, born November 18, 1668, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (II)-Charles Gervaise, Metis and Marie Boyer.
March 24: Montreal, birth (III)-Pierre Goguet, Metis, son (II)-Pierre Goguet and (II)-Anne Charron, Metis, b-1670 daughter, (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar ou Pilet-Pillard, Metis, b-1651?.
April 11: Levis, birth (II)-Ignace Gesseron, Metis son (I)-Louis Gesseron dit Brulot b-1639 and (II)-Agathe Fournier, Metis, b-1657
April 20: Beauport, birth (III)-Jean Francois Giroux, Metis, died December 18, 1721 Beauport son (II)-Michel Giroux (1661-1715) Beauport and (II)-Marie Therese Provost, Metis (1665,-1743): Married November 14, 1718 Beauport, Marguerite Binet
May 30: Boucherville, marriage (II)-Jean Cadieux, a Coureurs des Bois, born March 12, 1671 Ile de Montreal, was killed 1709 by the Iroquois, is assumed the son (I)-Jean Cadieux (1634-1681) and Marie Valade, b-1644, epouse February 9, 1682, Montreal, Philippe Boudier (weak link); married (I)-Marie Bourdon Pachirini of the Kichesipirini People (Algonquin), born August 8, 1675 Morrison’s (Allumette) Island, baptized, August 11, 1675, Boucherville, died after 1717, Quebec, adopted daughter (I)-Jacque Bourdon (1650-1724) and (II)-Marie Menard (1658-1726): (I)-Marie epouse May 26, 1710, Longueuil Antoine Quenneville, b-1682.
July 18: Quebec marriage (I)-Laurent Normandin, Metis son Laurent Normandin and Jeanne Lesourd de Saturnin, eveche de Tours; married (III)-Marie Anne Renault born June 27, 1674, Quebec, died May 19, 1739 Quebec, daughter (II)-Jacques Renault d-1711 and Marie Cliarie b-1639 venve Andre Depost. Tanguay suggests the surname Normandin is Sauvage.
November 5: Montreal, birth (III)-Etienne Charles Lemaitre Metis son (II)-Charles Lemaitre and (III)-Madeleine Crevier, de Bellerive Metis;
November 13: Quebec, birth (II)-Henry Gatien, Metis, died January 25, 1762, Quebec, daughter (I)-Pierre Gaten b-1659 and (III)-Genevieve Pinguet, Metis (1665-1702); married November 21, 1718, Quebec, Marguerite Lafranchise.
December 2: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Cunegonde Lefebvre, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): married April 6, 1717, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (III)-Joseph Descarry (Descaris) b-1691, died April 15, 1747, Ville-Marie (Montreal) son (II)-Paul Descarry (Descaris).
1696
Governor Miners from St. John ruled thirty-five colonies.
Louis XIV (1638-1715) proclaimed: “to every person, regardless of rank or condition, to leave on a trading trip or to go inland for any reason, under pain of the galleys; and requires all Frenchmen settled with or visiting Natives to take their leave and return, or they will be liable of the same punishment” The expectation was that in essence the Coureurs des Boise would abandon their Country Wives and Metis children and return to French enslavement.
The Acadians had changed masters no less than 14 times in the last century.
Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, died at Sault Ste Marie.
The Coureurs des Bois are bypassing the Farmers General who alone can ship the beaver skins to their profit. These merchants of Canada sell their goods at an excessive price to the people of the coast who board them during the winter. The King of France does not receive his share.
(I)-Louis de Baude, comte de Frontenac (1622-1698), Governor New France, destroyed the Iroquois villages of Oneida and Onondaga.
The French army captures an 80 year old Iroquois who is almost blind. The French wished to put him to death, the Indians wanted a quick death by club, but the French savages insisted on slow roasting, by fire, as they have done to many in the past.
A British warship, the HMS Sapphire, 346 ton sank in the Bay Bulls, Newfoundland.
January 16: St. Jean, birth (II)-Marie Genevieve Blanchet, Metis daughter (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
January 29: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Vital Tessier, Metis, died July 14, 1715, Montreal, son (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), and (II)-Louise Caron (1671-1703)
March 17: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Marie Anne Gervaise, Metis, daughter (II)-Charles Gervaise, Metis and Marie Boyer.
April: France, The ‘Conge de Traite’, that allows 25 canoes with three men to trade the interior, issued on May 22, 1681, is repealed by Royal ordinance on April 28, 1696
April 3: St. Thomas, birth (II)-Louis Prou Metis son (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
April 26, Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Beriau Metis daughter (I)-Jean Vincent Beriau.(1653-1715) and (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis b-1660; married June 13, 1712 Quebec, Jean Baptiste Chausse
April 28: Montreal, marriage churched likely married 1687 (I)-Jean Bredel, b-1664 to Madeleine St. Jean Lavallee of Nation des Onontagues sauvagesse; Jean 2nd marriage 1703 Lorette (II)-Marie Anne Migneron, epouse January 17, 1712 Quebec Simon Driere
July 22; Quebec birth (II)-Marie Louise Normandin daughter (I)-Laurent Normandin, Metis and (III)-Marie Anne Renault (1674-1739); married September 17, 1715 Quebec Jacques David.
September 12: (II)-Pierre Le Moyner d’Iberville sailed to Placentia Harbor, Fort St. Louis, Newfoundland. Monsieur de Bouillon is Governor of this small place of eighteen men. Three French ships with one thousand men also arrived with instructions to support the taking of Newfoundland. (II)-Pierre Le Moyne’d Iberville et d’Ardillieres (1661-1706), a ruthless, cruel man, led the expedition to clear Newfoundland of the British. The rampage across Newfoundland included burning, looting and the murder of some 200 men. His invasion army included French regulars, New France militia and Indian warriors. He set fire to St. John’s, destroyed 36 fishing settlements. He did take 700 prisoners. He conducted his affairs in bad faith, he looted ruthlessly for his own gain and spread terror where ever he went. He would later be accused of embezzlement and illegal trade and tax evasion.
September 23: Montreal, marriage Pierre Garreau to (II)-Marie Guertin, epouse November 16, 1676, Montreal (II)-Jean Lavergne.
October 1: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage, (II)-Urbain Gervaise, Metis, son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); 1st married October 1, 1696, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Marie Caron, died August 8, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal); 2nd married March 19, 1701, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Genevieve Perthus.
November: Fort St. John surrendered and the French destroyed most of the thirty five communities, killing about 200 persons and sending the balance of the people back to England.
November 3/6: Cap St. Ignace, birth/death (III)-Pierre Fournier Metis son (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard.
1697
St. Francis du Lac, birth (IV)-Joseph Crevier, Metis, died June 19, 1734 St. Francis du Lac, son (III)-Joseph Crevier Metis and (II)-Angelique LeBoulanger; married June 30, 1724 Trois Rivieres, (III)-Marie Charlotte Lemaitre (1700-1761)
Monsieur Guigue is purchasing furs from the Hudson Bay besides the French King’s beaver .
(III)-Louis Menard dit Lafontaine et Montour, Metis, b-1697, son (II)-Maurice Menard, b-1664 and (III)-Madeleine Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, b-1669; married, February 5, 1725, Longueuil, (III)-Francoise Robidou, b-1707, daughter (II)-Guillaume Robidou.
(II)-Pierre Le Moyner sieur d’Iberville (1661-1706) is again in the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay).
(I)-Francois Viger, b-1662 married 1697 Acadia Marie Mius, Metis, b-1679 daughter Philippe Mius and Marie Mi’kmaq.
The Jesuit joined the Ville-Marie (Montreal) merchants to persuade the French Government to dismantle its Forts on the upper Great Lakes. The merchants are concerned about an over supply of furs, and the Jesuit hoped to curtail the activities of the Coureurs des Bois.
The English and French make peace.
July 9: Ste. Famille, marriage (III)-Michel Pelletier Metis, b-1694 son (II)-Francoise Pelletier Metis (1635-1688) and (II)-Marguerite Madeline Morisseau; married (II)-Francoise Meneux
February 2: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre, Metis, died January 5, 1731, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): married September 19, 1723 Batiscan (III)-Agnas Lafond, epouse February 15, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal) a Picard.
February 3: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Barbe Gervaise, Metis daughter (II)-Louis Gervaise, Metis, b- 1663, and (II)-Barbe Pigeon.
February 6: Montreal, birth (III)-Marie Francoise Goguet, Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Goguet and (II)-Anne Charron, Metis, b-1670 daughter, (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar ou Pilet-Pillard, Metis, b-1651?.
February 24: Cap de la Madeleine, birth (II)-Marie Jeanne Cadau et Cadot, Metis, son (I)-Mathurn Cadotte, Cadau alias Poitevin (1649-1729) and (II)-Marie Catherine Durand, Metis (1666-1708); married February 4, 1726 Batiscan (II)-Jacques Tifaut b-1697 son (I)-Jacques Tifaut.
March 28: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Francois Delpee, Metis, died December 3, 1753, Pte du Lac, son (I)- Francois Singerny also St. Cerny and Delpee (1640-1725) and (II)-Marie Angelique Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, (1661- 1750); married November 14, 1728 Trois Rivieres (III)-Catherine Morisseau b-1702, died November 6, 1750 Trois Rivieres.
April 19; Montreakl marriage (I)-Pierre You, Sieur De la Decouverte (1669-1718), married likely 1693 Ville-Marie (Montreal) to Elisabeth Sauvagesse Miami, 2nd marriage Madeleine Juste veuve de Jean Jerome Leguay, married December 17, 1685 Montreal
FOUR CHILDREN ARE RECORDED
(II)-Pierre You (1698-1703)
(II)-Philippe You b-1699
(II)-Francois Madeleine You b-1700, married August 12, 1722 Marie Margueriye Dufrost De Lagemmerais
(II)-Joseph Paschal born died April 15/18 1702
Some claim the following children are Madeleine’s but could Elisabeth’s??
(II)-Louise You (1706-1728), and Marie Catherine You b-1708. August 15, 1718, Jean Richard
May 27: Quebec, birth (II)-Francois Bodin, Metis son (I)-Pierre Bodin b-1641 and (III)-Angelique Pinguet, Metis b-1672; married November 8, 1728 Quebec, Angelique Auger.
June 6: Champlain, birth (III)-Michel Pierre Desrosiers, Metis, died July 13, 1713 Champlain, son (II)-Michel Desrosiers b-1652 and (II)-Marie Jeanne Artaut, Metis
June 13: Boucherville, birth (III)-Jean Baptiste Cadieu, Metis, son (II)-Jean Cadieu (1671-1709) and (I)-Marie Bourdon Pachirini of the Kichesipirini People (1675-1717?): married February 3, 1717, Varennes, Marie Gaudry
June 16: Quebec, baptism Marie Louise a Micmac (sauvage).
July 14: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Marie Anne Gervaise, Metis, daughter (II)-Urbain Gervaise, Metis, and 1st married October 1, 1696, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Marie Caron, died August 8, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal); 2nd married March 19, 1701, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Genevieve Perthus.
July 27: Montreal, birth (III)-Catherine Lemaitre Metis died June 27, 1721 Batiscan, daughter (II)-Charles Lemaitre and (III)-Madeleine Crevier, de Bellerive Metis; married (II)-Jacques Francois Lefebvre b-1694
August 2: Beauport, birth (III)-Pierre Giroux, Metis, died April 11, 1738 Beauort son (II)-Michel Giroux (1661-1715) Beauport and (II)-Marie Therese Provost, Metis (1665,-1743); married April 20, 1733 St. Francois, Anne Cecile Gagnon
September 6: Quebec, baptism Joseph a Micmac (sauvage).
September 23: Quebec, marriage, (II)-Laurent Du Bocq, born February 3, 1672, Quebec, Metis son (I)-Laurent Du Bocq b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse; 1st marriage September 23, 1697 St. Augustin, Francoise Campagna; 2nd marriage September 10, 1718, St. Augustin, Marie Sevigny.
October 20: Quebec, baptism Marie Louise de l’Acadie (sauvage).
October 22: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Bernard Dumouchel dit Laroche b-1652, 2nd marriage (II)-Francoise Saulnier, sauvagesse daughter (I)-Gilbert Saulnier veuve de Thomas Morteseigne.
October 28 : Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (II)-Jacques Picard b-1672, died January 24, 1735 Longue Pointe son (I)-Jacques Huges Picard, married (II)-Marie Anne Lefebvre, Metis, born July 22, 1681, Ville-Marie (Montreal), died December 27, 1735, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): 2nd married Seur dite St Michel, congreg de N.D. died May10, 1717, Ville-Marie (Montreal).
November 4: Boucherville, marriage (II)-Pierre Charon, Metis (1672-1737) son (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliad ou Pilet-Pilllard, b-1651?, Indian or Metis: married (II)-Marie Robin, b-1679. (II)-Pierre 2nd marriage July 18, 1734 Longueuil to (II)-Marie Gautier, b-1682, veuve de Gervais Malard, epouse September 30, 1738 Montreal Phillippe Dantin .
December 1/4: Cap St. Ignace, birth/death (III)-Andre Fournier Metis son (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard.
December 2: Cap St. Ignace?, birth (III)-Dorothee Fournier Metis daughter (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard. This might be an error as Tanguay doesn’t have this one born in Cap St. Ignace
1698
The issuing of 25 fur-trading licenses (cunges) in Quebec to private persons to restrict the number of persons deserting the colony was revoked..
(III)-Marie Roche Cadieu, Metis, b-1698, daughter (II)-Jean Cadieu (1671-1709) and (I)-Marie Bourdon Pachirini of the Kichesipirini People (1675-1717?): married August 12, 1720 Longueuil, Paul Brazeau.
On (I)-Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac’s, death on November 28, 1698, (I)-Louis Hector de Callieres, (1648-1703) Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal), moved to Quebec and assumed the position of Governor of New France December 1698 to May 26, 1703.. His first act was to call a peace conference of all the Native Nations for the following year. The conference appears successful, however, no one expected the Iroquois to honor the treaty.
(I)-Jean Garceau (1710-1680) arrived Acadia 1698, married November 20, 1703, Marie Levron. They had 4 sons Pierre Jean, Daniel, Gregorie and Jean.
Monsieur Guigue is purchasing furs from the Iroquois and Monsieur Desevigny, besides the beaver of the French King’s.
It is noteworthy that during prisoner exchange, most English prisoners held by the French refused to return. The had been well treated, had joined the Roman Church, and liked the easy going Canadian style which spoiled their children and did not regard all pleasure as essentially wicked. It is likely they are also exposed to the Coureurs des Bois culture, as they are not only tolerated but encouraged during this warring period. The Iroquois also entered into prisoner exchange, but many refused to return, having been adopted into the tribe, married and enjoying the greater freedom of the Coureurs des Bois culture.
(II)-Pierre Le Moyne’d Iberville et d’Ardillieres (1661-1706), between 1698 and1702, commanded expeditions to Louisiana, established Forts Maurepas, Mississipi, Saint Louis (Old Mobile) and engaged in the fur trade. The St. Lawrence Valley ran 40 to 44% under age fifteen.
Jeanne Wannannemim, of Loups, born May 1, 1698 Montreal, veuve Mr. Grant, god daughter Mr Hardouin and Marthe Millets.
Hospital Monks of Ville-Marie (Montreal) are given authority to establish manufactories for the arts and trades on their premises. This is to provide employment for their growing slave and indentured population.
Acadia had a population of 789 people and 50% were under age sixteen.
About 60 Canadians are recruited to go to Biloxi, Louisiana as settlers, they arrived February 1699, and joined 16 Canadians sent out earlier.
January 16: Boucherville, Marriage (III)-Antoine Martin Metis born February 4, 1673 Sorel son (II)-Charles Martin Metis and Catherine Duput (1644-1682); married (II)-Marie Francoise Fevrier b-1682 daughter (I)-Christophe Fevrier
January 25: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Marguerite Gervaise, Metis, daughter (II)-Charles Gervaise, Metis and Marie Boyer.
February 6: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jacques Lefebvre, Metis, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): married 1737 Jeanne Suzanne Picard.
January 9: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Jacques Tessier dit Lavigne, Metis, son (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), and (II)-Louise Caron (1671-1703); married August 7, 1726, Montreal, (II)-Marie Thomelet, b-1698, epouse January 21, 1732, Montreal, Etienne Lebeau.
February 4; Beauport, marriage (II)-Marie Francoise Vachon, Metis, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); 1st married Francois Binet; 2nd marriage February 4, 1709, Beauport, Jean De l’Espinay
February 16: Quebec, baptism Therese Francoise a slave (sauvage) born 1698.
April 2: Ste. Famille, birth (IV)-Marie Pelletier Metis daughter (III)-Michel Pelletier Metis, b-1694 and (II)-Francoise Meneux
April 25: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Gatien, Metis, son (I)-Pierre Gaten b-1659 and (III)-Genevieve Pinguet, Metis (1665-1702); 1st married July 27, 1723 St Francois I.O. (III)-Dorthee Jinchereau; 2nd married February 4, 1731 Trois Rivieres (III)-Louise Beaudry b-1700 and died December 19, 1749 Trois Rivieres.
June 25: Marguerite Rattier daughter Jean Rattier and Marie Riviere is running a brothel and tavern in Rochebelle.
April 28: St. Thomas, birth (II)-Joseph Prou Metis son (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
May 29, Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Beriau Metis son (I)-Jean Vincent Beriau.(1653-1715) and (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis b-1660; married May 27, 1725, Quebec, Jeanne Bernier
July 13: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Jean Gervaise, Metis son (II)-Louis Gervaise, Metis, b-1663, and (II)-Barbe Pigeon.
August 3: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Marie Madeleine Tessier, Metis, daughter (II)-Paul Tessier dit Chaumine (1651-1730) and (III)-Madeleine Cloutier (1660-1748); married October 24, 1718, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Francois Gautier dit St. Germain b-1691 son St. Germain Gautier.
August 11Champlain, birth Marie Angelique Hubert, Metis daughter Jacques Hubert and (II)-Marie Therese Charron, Metis,
September 9: (St. Nicolas), Quebec, marriage, (II)-Louis Durand, dit Couturier, Metis, born November 14, 1670, Sillery, Quebec, son (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671) and Catherine (Katherine) d’Annannontak Huronne b-1649; 1st married September 9, 1698, Elisabeth Agnes Michel dit Taillon b-1682, died Mar 12, 1718 St Antoine-Tilly; 2nd marriage January 30, 1719 St. Nicolas, Quebec Jeanne Houde.
September 12: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Marie Madeleine Gervaise, Metis, daughter (II)-Urbain Gervaise, Metis, and 1st married October 1, 1696, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Marie Caron, died August 8, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal); 2nd married March 19, 1701, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Genevieve Perthus.
September 25: Boucherville, birth (III)-Pierre Charon, Metis, died March 13, 1742 Bouchervlle, son (II)-Pierre Charon, Metis (1672-1737) and (II)-Marie Robin, b-1679.
November 4: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage, (II)-Jean Baptiste Tessier, Metis, died May 20, 1736, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal); married, November 4, 1698, Ville-Marie (Montreal), (III)- Elisabeth Regnaut, b-1681, died November 11, 1747, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (II)-Antoine Regnaut.
December 12: Montreal, birth (III)-Marie Antoine Goguet, Metis, son (II)-Pierre Goguet and (II)-Anne Charron, Metis, b-1670 daughter, (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar ou Pilet-Pillard, Metis, b-1651?.
December 17: Quebec, baptism Gabrielle Louise Braquil, l’eglise, b-1682 with the Ursulines.
December 20: St. Thomas, birth (II)-Louis Blanchet, died December 30, 1698 St Thomas, Metis son (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
December 23: Boucherville, birth (IV)-Marie Martin Metis, died January 13, 1699 Boucherville daughter (III)-Antoine Martin Metis (1673) Sorel and (II)-Marie Francoise Fevrier b-1682
1699
The mission Notre Dam de Foye de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Father Anastasius accepted from the Indians the gift of an Indian girl as a slave.
Batiscan, birth (II)-Rene Cadau et Cadot, Metis, son (I)-Mathurn Cadotte, Cadau alias Poitevin (1649-1729) and (II)-Marie Catherine Durand, Metis (1666-1708); married April 29, 1726 Batiscan Marie Louise Proteau.
Pierre Diereville, a French botanist, on his trip to Acadia wrote in his diary that a cabin boy was whipped en route “to calm the winds”.
Quebec, marriage, Rene Freot to (II)-Jeanne Angelique St. Michel, Metis, born February 15, 1683, died April 13, 1746, daughter (I)-Francoise St. Michel dit Rosiers b-1656 and (II)-Marie Artaut, Metis, b-1667.
If a man married in New France before twenty, he was granted fifty livres; the usual age for marriage being eighteen. Girls received the same if married before sixteen; the usual age being fourteen. These gifts are known as the King’s pleasure.
(I)- Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil (1643-1725) is appointed Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal), Quebec (1699-1703). Some give him credit of stopping the nearly 100 years of war with the Iroquis started by Champlain..
(II)-Marie Angelique Vegeart, Metis b-1699, Quebec daughter (I)-Raymond Vegeart (Vegard) dit Laliberte (153-1727) and (II)-Marie Charlotte Charon, Metis b-1667, veuve November 30, 1686 Boucherville, Claude Louis Lemer: married 1718 Pierre Mazure.
At the close of this century, New France has a pathetic estimated population of 12,000 people. The English Colony’s population, excluding the West Indies, is estimated as 294,000 people. French Protestants continue to flood into the English Colonies, along with the Dutch, Scotch, Irish, and Germans. It is noteworthy that the French continue their policy of One King (servitude), One Faith; (religious intolerance) whereas the English colonies embrace liberty, self-government and religious tolerance. If the French had adopted a more liberal religious policy, New France would have likely been populated by some 600,000 people.
Monsieur Guigue is purchasing furs from Monsieur Desevigny and from Canada, besides the beaver of the French King’s.
Jean Bouchard de Champigny wrote: Settlers who have become attached to cultivating the land and have fallen at the right place, live quite comfortably, finding advantages that peasants do no have in France, and that is that they are almost all along the river, where they can fish and their house stands in the middle of the front of their property, which surrounds them on the other tree sides. As they do not have to leave it to make the most of it and to cut their wood which grows where their land ends, their work is made much easier. He also said: The men are all strong and vigorous but have no liking for work of any duration; the women love display and are excessively lazy. He also remarked that the indolence of the men and the desire of the woman to live like gentle ladies, kept people poor and the colony’s economy backward. No one in Canada starved; not so in France. They had the freedom to hunt, and fish; not so in France. European peasants rarely had horses and carriages for mere social purposes. Most Canadian youth had their own horse, not for work but pleasure. Canadians were not driven to overproduce for the benefit of the seigneurs or Governor, and prefered to spend surplus effort in relaxed enjoyment of their leisure time.
A crop failure at Port Royal, Acadia caused extensive suffering in the colony.
January 5: Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (III)-Urbain Gervaise, Metis, died June 28, 1714 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal) son (II)-Nicolas Gervaise, Metis, (1666-1750) and (II)-Madeleine Payet, b-1677.
January 10: St. Laurent, I.O. birth (III)-Marie Aubin, Metis daughter (II)-Pierre Aubin, Metis born November 20, 1670 Ste Famille and Marie Paradis
February 13: Pte aux Trembles de Quebec birth (III)-Marie Francoise Normandin Metis daughter (II)-Daniel Normandin, Metis d-1729 and Louise Hayott b-1664
February 25: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Jeanne Gervaise, Metis, died May 23, 1764 Ville-Marie (Montreal), sceur St. Fxupere, C.N.D. daughter (II)-Louis Gervaise, Metis, b- 1663, and (II)-Barbe Pigeon.
March 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Nicolas Gervaise, Metis, son (II)-Charles Gervaise, Metis and Marie Boyer.
April 20: Louis Hector de Callieres (1699-1703) is appointed governor New France on September 14, 1699 to May 26, 1703.
April 27: Quebec marriage (I)-Pierre Normandin dit Sauvage (1673-1733) married (II)-Marie Angelique Cartier (English), born January 28, 1678 Quebec died March 19, 1719 Quebec daughter (I)-Paul Carter b-1647 and Barbe Boyer b-1647. Tanguay suggests all surname Normandin are Sauvage.
May 10: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (II)-Jacques Tessier, Metis, born March 2, 1675, son (I)-Urbain Tessier (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis (1636-1719); married May 10, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Marie Adhemar b-1679, died May 17, 1754, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Antoine Adhemar.
May 29: Ste. Famille, birth (IV)-Marguerite Pelletier Metis daughter (III)-Michel Pelletier Metis, b-1694 and (II)-Francoise Meneux; married February 1, 1717 I’IIe Dupas, Nicolas Bibaud
August 16: Acadia, birth (II)-Francois Viger, Metis, died March 1760, Cherbourge, France, son (I)-Francois Viger, b-1662 and Marie Mius, b-1679, married 1723, Acadia, Claire LeJeune.
September 6: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Jean Baptiste Tessier dit Lavigne, Metis, son (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), and (II)-Louise Caron (1671-1703); married February 9, 1732, Montreal, (II)-Clemence Bouchard, b-1701.
September 28: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Molay b-1669 to (II)-Marie Anne Hervieux, Metis, daughter (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1651 and (III)-Marie Anne Pinguet, Metis (1661-1687).
October 22: Montreal, birth (III)-Jean Baptiste Tessier, Metis son (II)-Jean Baptiste Tessier, Metis (1672-1736) and (III)-Elisabeth Regnaut (1681-1747); married May 20, 1726, Kaskakia, Marie Anne Migneret.
November 17: Quebec, birth (II)-Angelique Normandin Metis religieuse, died October 3, 1742 Quebec daughter (I)-Pierre Normandin dit Sauvage (1673-1733) and (II)-Marie Angelique Cartier (English), (1678-1719)
December 5: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Bodin, Metis, died March 16, 1700 Quebec, daughter (I)-Pierre Bodin b-1641 and (III)-Angelique Pinguet, Metis b-1672.
December 12: Montreal birth/death (III)-Anonyme Durant, Metis child (II)-Ignace Durant (1699-1697) Metis son (I)-Jean Durant (1640-1671) and Catherine Annennontak (Huronne) b-1649.
December 27: Montreal, birth, (III)-Marie Anne Prudhomme, Metis daughter (II)-Fras Xavier Prudhomme and (II)-Cecile Gervaise, Metis b-1671; married October 6, 1727, Montreal, Pierre Demers.
Note:Several ManyRoads readers have questioned the accuracy of some of the Metis claims presented in this document by Mr. Garneau. Should you have evidence that you would like to present refuting the veracity and accuracy of any claims made by Mr. Garneau, which you would like us to present here, please contact us directly.
We are happy to present all relevant information here, in the interest of fairness, full disclosure and accuracy.
The following material is written by: R.D. (Dick) Garneau, who is solely responsible for its accuracy.
1650
Nine marriages, forty three births and ten deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. The census of New France reached 705 people.
Forty five Frenchmen married with Indian sauvagesses in Acadia before 1650.
(I)-Elie Barbeau dit Villeneuve is in Quebec.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Crevier Metis daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married 1663 Trois Rivieres Nicolas Gatineau, I suspect Marie birth is before 1650
(I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy (Godfroy (1608-1681) entered into a business venture with Tilly, Buissot, Lespine and others for seal fishing out of Tadouisac and fur trading with the savages.
Barbe Hebou, former wife of Jean Milouer (Du Maisne), made a bequeath to the Jesuits.
(I)-Robert (Le) Roy living Quebec this year.
(II)-Charles LaTour, (1595-1665) married the widow of (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650), his arch enemy who caused the death of his wife, widow Jeanne Motin (with whom he had five children who grew to marry: Marie, Jacques, Charles, Anne and Marguerite) and got all his property, though LeBorgne arrived from France, a creditor of D’Aulnay, to enforce his claims becoming Governor in 1667, but also later on, becoming his son-in-law, marrying his daughter Marie de LaTour.
If fewer than 10% of a ship’s company died crossing the Pacific Ocean, then the captain of the ship considered the voyage most successful.
Only 50 men held Fort Montreal. Between 1650 and 1653, 32 French settlers were killed by the Iroquois and 22 were captured. The Iroquois made such ravages in New France that many settlers believed they should go back to France.
The shrine of Sainte Anne de Beaupre is established on the banks of the St. Lawrence River by the French fishermen in gratitude for deliverance from Atlantic storms.
Menou d’Aulnay drowned.
Many of the letters sent back to France by the early parish priests deplore the slight regard most colonists had for the Church, its commandments and rituals.
Fort Chicoutimi (Chueretimi & Chigoutimy) is established at the confluence of the Sagueny and Chicoutini rivers.
Nicolas Denys (1598-1688), a La Rochelle Merchant, established a fishing establishment on Cape Breton Island that would eventually fail.
Nine Frenchmen are killed at Three Rivers by the Iroquois.
As many as sixty Europeans have been living among the Huron in the past sixteen years that a mission has been established, many of whom are of a very feeble constitution. No one has died of natural causes, bit withstanding the great inconveniences and sufferings.
The Iroquois attacked Saint Jean Baptiste (Cahiague) killing 500 families, the nation of the Huron (Wendat) was no more.
The wheat crop this year was excellent especially at Montreal. The Iroquois had driven most of the Savages from Montreal and only 50 French remained. Most French were surprised that Montreal had not fallen to the Iroquois continuous assaults. Three Rivers has also been continually assaulted and a number of times was in fear of falling.
About 47 families at Belle-Isle-en-mer were identified as being of mixed blood (Metis). It is believed the Malacites were decedents of mixed blood people of Saint-Malo fishermen and Indian women. They were located on the Saint John River, Acadia.
The French seized the Island of St. Crox from the Spanish but could only hold it for a few years.
(I)-Madeleine Maranda, veuve July 13, 1698, (I)-Nicolas Pinel de Larochelle, arrived Quebec 1650 and married February 10, 1659 Quebec (I)-Renaud Andre.
Acadia ( Nova Scotia) recipes called for English ‘Brawn’. Brawn was originally for the flesh of the pigs head that has been boiled, chopped and molded. In Acadia ( Nova Scotia) it meant a veal-shank and pork-hock stew made by boiling the meat off the bones in seasoned water. The stock from that water was called ‘Brawn’.
April 18: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Cote, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married July 25, 1667, Chateau Richer, Suzanne Page
April 23: Kebec birth (II)-Pierre Bonhomme, died January 3, 1670 Quebec son (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679)
May 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Charlotte Godfroy, religious Ursuline, died January 13, 1720 Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Paul Godfroy and (II)-Marie Madeleine Le Gardeur
June: Father Bressany, brothers Robert le Cog d-1650, two domestics Jean Boyer and Charles Amtot with 25 or 30 French traders and as many Savages departed Three Rivers in 22 or 23 canoes.
July 10: Kebec, an unnamed ship arrived from Rouen, France
July 14: Kebec, the Neuf or Saint Jean at 80 tonnage arrived with captain Jean Bourdet, the Chasseur at 120 tonnage captain Terrier.
July 25: Quebec, birth (II)-Jacques Plusson son (I)-Pierre Plusson and Marie Regnault.
August 7: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636
August 20: Robert le Coq. a Jesuit Donnes d-1650, is killed by the Iroquois at Three Rivers. Most Jesuit were condemned to death by the Huron so this could be a Huron killing.
August 28: St. Antoine de Chambly, birth/death (IV)-Jacques Gautier, Metis, son (III)-Jacques Gautier, Metis, b-1744 and Marie Joseph Quenneville.
September 1: Father Gabriel Druillettes (1610-1681) departed Quebec for Boston to establish an alliance with New England against the Iroquois, but he was unsuccessful.
September 1: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Plante, (1621-1706) to (II)-Francoise Boucher d-1711.
September 8: Qebec, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage arrived with captain Jammes
October 7: Quebec, birth/death (III)-Anonyme Cloutier, Metis, child (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699)
October 17: Quebec marriage (I)-Nicolas Goupil dit Laviolette and (II)-Marie Pelletier
November 22: Quebec, marriage (I)-Mathieu Aymot Villeneuve (1628-1688) and Marie Miville (1632-1702)
November 28: Quebec, birth (II)-Henry Bourdon, Metis, died October 27, 1665 Quebec, son (I)-Jean Bourdon d-1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
November 30: Montreal, marriage (I)-Louis Prud’homme (1608-1671) to Roberte Gadois, b-1626, epouse January 21, 1678, Montreal, Pierre Verrier.
December 21: Montreal, death (I)-Jean Michel Sylvestre.
December 30: The Ursuline convent at Kebec is destroyed by fire.
1651
Ten marriages, thirty four births and sixteen deaths is recorded in Kebec, New France.
New France had only 1,050 permanent residents.
(II)-Medard Chouart, Metis son (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) and (II)-Helene Martin, Metis (1627-1651)
Noel Godin near Three Rivers is killed by 10 Iroquois and La Jeunesse is wounded.
(I)-Jean de Lauzon (Lauson) (1582-1666), a soldier, is appointed Governor New France from October 4 or 14, 1651 to September 12, 1656. He had accumulated a vast estate in the St. Lawrence Valley using the Compahnie Des Cent-Associes since 1627. He then went on to enrich himself and his family using his position. He imposed a virtual monopoly on the fur trade to enhance his families wealth. This is the man who seized the furs from Groseilliers resulting in the loss of the Northern Bay to the Hudson Bay Company. It is said he cared less for the welfare of the inhabitants of New France. He conferred many favors on the Jueuits.
(II)-Louis Prevost, Metis, b-1651, died May 27, 1686, Beauport, son (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, (1620-1665); married February 17, 1672 Chateau-Richer, (II)-Francoise Gaignon b-1655; 2nd marriage February 17, 1681, Chateau-Richer, Marguerite Careau
Louis Prud’homme had his 1647 Quebec marriage to Anne Archambault annulled in 1651 due to his having been bigamous (he had a wife back in France). Not listed in Tanguay. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
The Onnonta’eronnons attacked the French Fort Ahwen’do,e, and had destroyed 100 men.
The parish Ste Anne de Beaupre is established this year.
January: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Angelique Poisson baptiaed October 18, 1653 Sillery, died April 17, 1732 an ursuline, daughter (I)-Jean Poisson married likely Kebec Jacqueline Chamboy b-1628, epouse Michel Pelletier de le Prade The godfather, Pierre Boucher, governor of the Three Rivers, represents by Mr. de Villeray, and godmother, Mrs Denis D’Auteuil
January 27: Quebec, birth (II)-Rene Poulain, son (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) and Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687):
February 5: Quebec, birth, (II)-Paul Tessier dit Chaumine, Metis, died April 26, 1730 Longue Pointe, son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Montreal; married October 13, 1681 Chateau Richer (III)-Madeleine Cloutier b-1660 died February 12, 1748 Longue Pointe.
February 25: (II)-Charles de la Tour (1595-1665) is appointed Governor of Acadia and married Motin widow of his arch rival the infamous (I)-Menou Charles d’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650).
April 20: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Marsolet, Metis, died March 7, 1715, Quebec, son (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married 1st. February 9, 1680 Marguerite Couture; 2nd married May 28, 1690 Quebec, Marie Anne Bolduc
May 15: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Elizabeth Lefebvre, Metis, died September 10, 1687, daughter (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: 1st married Felix Thunes: 2nd marriage January 13, 1687, Batiscan, Jean Colet.
May 21: (I) or (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) born St Malo or Avagon or Trois Rivieres son of (I)-Sebastein Hayet dit Radisson: Radisson and (I)-Madeleine Heraut aka Hainault (or Metis or savage, see Radisson 1632) and is believed to have arrived Kebec today and immediately moved to Trois Rivieres this year. He claims to be born 1636, St. Malo, other suggest born 1640. No baptismal certificate could be found in France or New France and some the English, suggest he was Italian. He was often discovered to embellish his own role in history especially as to do with brother-in-law (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618-1696). He fabricated his role in the expedition of (1654-1656) when in fact he signed a document in Quebec on November 7, 1655. His journals should be read with caution. Some say he arrived in Kebec with his family and half sisters but others say he followed his sister to Kebec. Tanguay records him as (I) first generation where as the Jesuit relations suggest he is (II)-second generation. It is suggested (I)-Madeleine Heraut aka Hainault is his mother and was first married to a Pierre Esprit Radisson b-1590 and second marriage to step dad (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Hayot. This however is problematic as (I)-Madeleine Herbaut married about 1631 to (I)-Sebastien Hayet, dit Radisson and they had two daughters (II)-Elisabeth, no birth date or location and (II)-Marguerite Radisson born 1632 a therefore (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) could not be the son of Pierre Esprit Radisson b-1590? One possibility is that (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson (1636-1710) is a Metis? and/or his mother is not (I)-Madeleine Herault?
May 24: (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) is captured by the Mohawk Iroquois near Trois Riviers, his other two companions were killed. He claims to be adopted into the Mohawk family. He later escaped with help from the Dutch and returned to Quebec. He claims he was captured 1652 & returned to Quebec 1654. How much of this story is fabrication is questionable but consistent if he were Metis.
June 18: Leonard Marbau on Montreal is killed by the Iroquois.
July 26: Denys Archambaut was instantly killed at Montreal when his cannon burst while firing the third charge against the attacking Iroquois.
August 4: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Guillaume Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630;
August 7: Maturin, Antoine des Rusier’s man at Three Rivers is killed by the Iroquois.
August 13: Montreal, (I)-Jean Hebert killed this date by the Iroquois.
August 18: Kabec, the ship Petit Saint Jean lands captain Rene Boutin.
August 24: Trois Rivieres, Quebec, (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur, b-1624, a Coureur de Bois, a soldier and interpreter is at Trois Rivieres, Quebec, he died April 1690, St. Francois du Lac. He married April 16, 1657, Trois Rivieres, Quebec, Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (1631-1699) an Algonquine
September 18: Louyse wife Chagniau is killed by three Iroquois in her house.
September 19: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Anne Baillargeon, died March 8, 1722 Trois Rivieres, daughter (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636: married 1st. Jean Polton: 2nd marriage April 29, 1709 Trois Rivieres, Jacques Duguay.
September 25: Montreal, marriage (II)-Mathurine Gode (1637-1672) daughter (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657) and Francoise Gaddis (1586-1689); married 1st Jean Pair; married 2nd November 12, 1658 Montreal Jacques Lemoyne
October 4-14: (I)-Jean de Lauzon (Lauson) (1582-1666) arrived Kebec and 9 days later married his second wife Anne Despres.
October 13: Kabec, three ships arrive, the Saint Joseph at 350 tonnage captain Maitre Jean Boucher, the Passemoy at 250 tonnage, and the Vierge at 320 tonnage captain Pierre Boileau.
November 11: Three Frenchmen drowned, servants of Giffard who had gone to trade skins on the Isle of Orleans.
November 12: Quebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Aubert (Auber) b-1651, died January 29, 1732, daughter (I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) and Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English; married Denis Roberge
November 20: Quebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) to (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis born January 27, 1638, Kebec daughter (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) and Helene Desportes, b-1620, epouse January 9, 1640 Noel Morin.
November 23: A Frigate from Montreal arrived Kebec with a load of beaver skins. Montreal has become a strategic location for the fur trade. Above Montreal are few Iroquois and traders did not want to adventure down river and expose themselves to more danger.
December 1: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Guillaume Vernon son (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632 See Radisson 1631.
December 1: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Guillaume Vernon son (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632 See Radisson 1631.
December 2: Montreal, birth (II)-Francois Xavier Prud’homme son (I)-Louis Prud’homme (1608-1671) and Roberte Gadois, b-1626: married November 20, 1684, Montreal, Cecile Gervaise.
December 7: Quebec, birth, (II)-Noel Langlois, Metis, died October 9, 1693, Beauport, son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: 1st married 1672 Quebec Aymee Caron; 2nd marriage December 2, Beauport, Genevieve Parent
1652
Seventeen marriages, forty six births and eight deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Crevier Metis son (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married January 20, 1682, Champlain, Anne Chorel.
Birth, likely Kebec (III)-Godfroy Marie Charles Le Gardeur, son (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1675 and Marie Favery, d-1675.
France is seriously considering abandoning the New France Colony if nothing is done to protect the fur trade from the Iroquois.
Cairn dedicated to first settlers L,Ange Garden
Cairn
L’Ange Gardien, New France, located 14 kilometers north of Quebec city, that became a parish in 1670, would become the original homestead of the first Garnaud in New France. Domain du Fief de Lotinville, from 1652 to 1690, held East L’Ange Gardien. The original settlers in East L’Ange Gardien listed, starting from the West to the East River Petit Pre during this period to 1680, are:
(I)-Pierre Tremblay, born 1626, married 1657 a Ozanne Achon born 1633, are living here before 1663 with 2 arpent of land. This is the possible son (I)-Pierre Tremblay who arrived Kebec 1619 and his son is likely Metis?
(II) Rene Goulet born 1650, married 1670 a Catherine Leroux and are probably living here after 1670 with 1 arpent of land.
(II)-Adrian Hayot born 1638 married (II)-Madeline Guyon born 1647 and possible living here in the 1660′s with 3 arpent of land.
Michael Guion Du Rouray lived here with 2 arpent of land.
(II)-Pierre Trudel born 1658, Quebec son (I)-Jean Trudel; married February 26, 1680 a Francoise Lefrancois and they held 2 arpent of land probably inherited from (I)-Jean. Four Garnaud’s would marry Trudel’s namely Angelique, Pierre, Catherine and Louise.
(I)-Abraham Fiset born 1636 married Denise Savard with 3 arpent of land.
Etienne Jacob lived here with 3 arpent of land.
(I)-Thomas Lefebvre born 1647 married 1669 (II)-Genevieve Peltier Metis (1646-1717) probably settled 1669 with 3 arpent of land.
(I)-Louis Levasseur born 1628 married 1666 Marguerite Belanger probably settled 1666 with 3 arpent of land.
Domain du Fief de Lotinville awarded 6 arpent of land assumed this year, 1652.
Cairn listing the names of settlers 1645-1664, L’Ange Gardien, New France,
French in boat
(II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) is captured by the Iroquois and becomes their adopted captive (1651-1653). (II)-Pierre claims it was (1652-1653), and he went to Holland arriving January 4/7, 1654.
Anne Riviere (likely a sauvagesse) b-1652 and married to (I)-Jean Alary, b-1640, they were living at St. Ours in 1652.
Nicolas Denys (d-1688) established Nepisiguit, then called St. Peters and in 1826, Bathurst, New Brunswick.
New France, Canada is composed of six significant locations at this time:
1. Tadusac is the first port, set 300 miles up the Saint Lawrence River, is only occupied two or three months of the year. The Barbarians from over 300 miles arrive here, as do numerous ships to trade.
2. Kebec is 120 miles upstream from Tadusac and is a fortress of the French. It is constructed upon a mountain, at the narrowest point of this St. Lawrence River. There is a French colony there, and, quite recently, a Huron one; and the Barbarians called Algonquin spend several months of the year there before going to their hunt.
3. Four miles upstream from Kebec, on the Saint Lawrence River, there is the residence of the Jesuit Society, called Saint Joseph where the Algonquin spend half of the year, with some French families, it is also called Sylleri (Sillery), for the founder, who was called Chevalier Noel Brulart de Sylleri (Sillery) (1577-1640). Sillery as an Indian reservation was (1637-1680′s).
4. Ninety miles beyond, still upstream, there flows into this King of Rivers, which at its mouth is 60 miles in width, and here more than a mile and a half, with both flow and ebb of the tide, although more than 400 miles distance from the sea. There flows into it, I say, attributer which we call the Three Rivers, because it issues as if by three mouths, by reason of two Islands, which divide it into three streams. At this place is the second fort of the French on the River Saint Lawrence, and a second colony of theirs, and, during a certain time of the year, of Algonquin Barbarians.
5. Then, ten miles further, still upstream, is the Lake called St. Pierre, 24 miles in length and 10 or 12 miles in width, famous through the incursions of the Hiroquois, a river prolongs it; and six miles beyond, at the mouth of this River (which is named after the Hiroquois, because it comes from their lake), was the Fort Richelieu.
6. Fifty miles beyond is the Great Island of Mont Reale, 180 miles distant from Kebec, which was formerly thickly in habited by Barbarians, while now they are very few. There is a fort of the French, with some families, who are founding the third colony. This island is about one hundred miles in circumference; and there the two branches unite which form our Great River.
The known environment of New France, Canada includes:
In the direction of the summer sunset is a lake of about 1,200 miles in circumference, which we call “The Fresh Water Sea”. A lake 600 miles in circumference is called Lake Herie. A third lake, still greater and more beautiful is called Ontario or Beautiful Lake but the Jesuit want to call it Lake St. Louis. Further to the west, more than 300 miles distant, beyond the Sault or Cascade is a lake larger than the “Fresh Water Sea”. North of this lake is the “Lake of the Stinkards” (salt water). Living around these lakes are the following known nations: Algonquin, Huron, Sault, Ondatauauat, Tobacco, Cat, Neutral, Andastogenronons of New Sweden and the Hiroquois. The Huron means Hure, having hair like the bristles of a wild boar.
The barbarians even bath in winter using hot baths in a little cabin, using hot rocks and they plunge into rivers and lakes then back to their hot baths. They do this for cleanliness, health, and for pleasure. The Jesuit suspect they do it for superstition and consider it a barbarous activity. The French at this time only bathed but once a year. It is noteworthy that the term barbarian or savage was used to describe non-Greeks then later to describe non-Romans and was applied to the French.
The Jesuit considered conjugal lovemaking within marriage as a degeneration of the ideal state. The ideal is a repugnance for carnal intercourse. Those who considered this abnormal thinking were classified as barbarians.
The bartering of trading goods was strictly forbidden to the inhabitants of the French Colony. As a result the Coureurs des Boise emerged as an entity in 1653. These free enterprisers went to the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi, named ‘Pays d’en Haut’ (The Upper Country).
February 20: Quebec, birth (III)-Jean Cloutier, Metis, died December 4, 1709 Chateau Richer, son (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married November 14, 1679 Chateau Richer, Louise Belanger
March 6: The Iroquois attacked Three Rivers but are defeated by the Huron.
March 8: Ste Anne, birth (II)-Marguerite Racine, Metis, died December 17, 1695 Chateau Richer, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married Jean Gagnon
May: The Ursuline opened a new convent in Quebec.
May 10: Father (I)-Jacques Buteux (1600-1652) is executed by the Iroquois, at St. Maurace River, north of Trois Rivieres. Buteux was noted for the introduction of brutality among the People of Tadoussac including the whipping of little children, at church, even those at the breast.
May 14: Quebec, birth (II)-Louis Soumande, Metis son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
May 26: A Frenchman at Montreal is killed by the Iroquois while attending cattle, a French woman escaped with 5-6 wounds.
May 27: Montreal death (I)-Jacques Poupeau died from a fall from a tree.
June 8: Two Huron under the protection of the French are killed near Three Rivers.
June 23: Kabec, two ships arrived captain Jean Pointel and Captain Jean Poulet, the Petit Saint Jean arrived and the Passemoy at 250 tonnage also arrived.
July 9; Quebec, marriage (II)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) (Ancient Governor Trois Rivieres) son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicole Lamie; 1st. married January 17, 1649 Kebec, Marie Madeleine (Chretienne) Ouebaddinoukoue a Huron Indian; 2nd married July 9, 1652 (II)-Jeanne Crevier, Metis b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier and Jeanne Enard, b-1619 Metis or savageese. See notes 1734, I suspect Pierre Boucher is himself a Metis.
TWO CHILDREN ARE RECORDED in 2nd marriage
(III)-Louise Boucher, Metis born December 5, 1670, died October 25, 1756, Montreal.
(III)-Charles Boucher, Metis married Marie Anne Lavaltrie
August 13: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Gourdeau b-1614 or 1624, d-1663, who arrived Kebec March 1637, marriage Eleonore De Grandmaison veuve October 15, 1663 Quebec, Jacques des Cailhaut de la Tessere, Quebec also epouse Francois De Chavigny.
August 19: Guillaume Guillemot, the Governor of Throis Rivieres, and 22 settlers are attacked and killed by the Iroquois. Charles Garmant or Garman, age 10 years, is captured at Cap Rounge, his father and another Frenchman are presumed dead. The Jesuits are still trying to obtain his release in 1660.
August 25: (I)-Thomas Godfroy de Normanville is killed by the Iroquois.
September 30: Quebec, birth (II)-Jacques Bourdon, Metis, son (I)-Jean Bourdon d-1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
October 8: Kebec, marriage (II)-Francoise Roussin, died December 4, 1691, Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Roussin de Tourouvre: married Pierre Loignon.
October 15: Quebec, marriage (II)-Noel Pinguet (1630-1685) to Marie Madeleine Du Pont, (1636-1696).
December 29: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Pepin Metis, died April 2, 1722 Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married October 20, 1681, Quebec, Louise Le Mire
1653
Sixteen marriages, fifty one births and fifteen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Catherine Baillargeon, daughter (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636:
(I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618-1696) made his home at Trois Rivieres among 30 other families. It is about this time that he first mentioned that he learned of the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay. In 1664 the Jesuits wrote of him “He is a man capable of anything, bold, hardy, stubborn in his undertakings, who knows the country (of North America), and who has been everywhere, to Hurons, to the Ottawa” Such a man was not twiddling his thumbs in Huronia during his sojourn in the interior..
Philippe Muis D’Entremont, b-1601, Normandy, France, died 1701, Port Royal, Acadia (Nova Scotia), married 1849, Madeline Helie Du Tillet, b-1626, likely arrived Acadia 1649-1653.
(I)-Etienne Robin dit Desforges, b-1613, arrived Quebec, 1653, died May 21, 1660 Long Sault, killed by Iroquois.
(I)-Jean Valets, b-1633, arrived Quebec 1653, died 1660 Quebec.
The Jesuit vision of the Mountain of Montreal is a mission to convert the Natives and stop French exploration and free trading. This objective failed, and one hundred new settlers arrived this year, being the only significant expansion since its creation. The French population of New France is estimated at 2,000 persons. To test the weak and fumbling French leadership, two hundred Mohawk warriors made a surprise attack on the Hospital. The Hospital, across the little St. Pierre River, the Mountain of Montreal, is on high ground. The Mohawk retreated as the timing did not appear right. Thirty-two French mercenaries were killed and twenty two were captured by the Iroquois during the past three years. The Mission of the Mountain of Ville-Marie (Montreal)’s defenses consisted of a mere fifty men. The Iroquois themselves are being attacked by their neighbors to the east and south and offered peace to the French in November. A revolt by the upper nobility in France failed and they are deprived of any political power.
As a result of the French Iroquois War, Ville-Marie (Montreal) has not traded for a single beaver skin from the Savages for the past year. At Trois Rivieres, the few natives that came were employed to defend the place. The stores in Quebec is the image of poverty. It is noteworthy that Ville-Marie (Montreal) only contained 60 people of which only 20 is capable of bearing arms.
Le Mercier a Jesuit wrote: “our entire French youth is planning to go trading with the Nations, who are disseminated all over the territories, and they hope to come back with beaver pelts from many hunting seasons.”
The Wendat (Huron) make a promise to the French that they will deliver furs next season as did the Savages west of Sault Ste Marie. The French in turn promised to go out among the Algonkins, Sault and dispersed Huron.
Two hundred Iroquois surrounded 26 Frenchmen. These barbarians discharged their pieces at a position of close proximity, they fired 200 shots, without killing or wounding a single man. The French claimed they fired the pieces correctly but it demonstrated the inaccuracy of the pieces.
Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) is made Governor of Three Rivers (1653-1658).
Trustee from 1656 to 1660, prisoner of the Iroquis in 1661 and soldier of the 17th Squad in 1663, Marin Jannot drowned accidentally and was buried in Ville-Marie (Montreal) on July 24, 1664.
The following is translated from an article about Marin Janot, from a book entitled “Les Recrutès” by Roland Auger, which I will attempt to translate. Marin Jannot dit LaChapelle was from a town named LaChapelle, by Monthausen, near Chateau Thierry, where he was born. He enlisted in 1653 becoming part of the recruitment, although he can not designate the place and the date of his enlistment. He received £108 in advanced wages and signed the acknowledgement the following June on the 20th, before leaving the roads of Saint-Nazaire. Marin Jannot was a carpenter.
He had scarcely arrived in Ville-Marie, that he definitely decided to settle there. Monsieur de Maisonneuve gave him a grant of land February 2d in 1654.
This great recruitment (Le Grand Recrue de 1653) was organized by M. de Maissonneuve and medically assisted by a 32 year old nun, Sister Bourneoys. They finally set sail on the 20th of June, 1653 in the ship “Saint-Nicholas-de-Nantes” and traveled 350 lieues (875 miles) before they were forced to return, due to the fact that they were leaking like a sieve.
Although 153 had signed for this voyage, collecting their wages in advance, only 102 actually boarded the ship. Also, their provisions had been ruined, yet their courage was still very high, and on 20 July 1653, they sailed once again for the New World, arriving at Quebec on 22 September 1653; 64 days later.
There, their ship had to be burned as the tide could not lift it. Sister Bourney’s aid to the sick was not enough and eight persons died on the voyage. At Quebec, Governor de Lauzon, refused to let them have boats to complete their journey to Ville-Marie, as they were sorely needed for the defense of Quebec and also their rations were too short to give them to this recruitment. They finally arrived at Ville-Marie on the 16th of November, 1653.
Nicolas Denys (1598-1688), a La Rochelle Merchant, acquired territory in the Gulf of St. Lawrence from Canso to Gaspé, including Cape Breton and other Gulf Islands, with rights to land and government. He would turn his establishment over to his son Richard Denys in 1670.
This reference appears in “Your Ancient Canadian Family Ties” by Reginald L Olivier: “There were four recruitments (1640-1642-1653-1659) which had brought to Canada, 278 men, 45 women and children and three Religious Sisters. (Special mention should be made concerning the one in 1653, since this is the one that Marin Janot was a member).
Kabec, three ships arrived this year, the Patriarche Abraham captain Guillaume Poulet, a ship by captain Jean Pointel, the Saint Nicolas for Montreal by captain Pierre Lebesson.
The Jesuit Relations say that, for a year, the warehouse at Ville-Marie (Montreal) has not bought a single beaver from the Indians. Destroyed too were the Jesuit Missions in Huronia.
(I)-Emmanuell LeBorgne (1610-1675), a merchant of Rochelle, learned of the death of (I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) who owed him 160,000 livres. He assumed Charnisay owned all of Acadia and was determined to recover the debt.
January: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Patenotre son (I)-Nicolas Patenotre (1626-1679) and Marguerite Breton, b-1635
January 26: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Etienne Vien, b-1613, married to Marie Dent de Larnarti, epouse January 26, 1655, Trois Rivieres, Louis Ozannes.
January 26: Quebec, birth (II)-Claude Plante son (I)-Jean Plante, (1621-1706) to (II)-Francoise Boucher d-1711; married November 6, 1691 St. Francois Marie Patenotre.
February 5: Quebec birth (II)-Nicolas Bonhomme, son (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); married January 14, 1676 Quebec Marie Therese Levasseur
.February 6: Quebec, marriage (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 to (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis epouse February 7, 1714 St. Francois I.J., Andre Boutillet, daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis
February 24: Port Royal, Acadia (II)-Charles La Tour (1594-1666) married Charles de Menou d’Aulnay’s widow, he died 1650.
February 9: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Pitaut to Marie Grandon.
April 21: Some suggest this was August 21: At Three Rivers, 16 Frenchmen (servants, sailors and others) deserted the colony, intending to leave the country. These included: Barre, lance-corporal, and La Montagne, soldiers, La Rose, a servant of Monsieur de la Poterie and Lespine, Baudet, servant of la Grandresnil, and sailor, des Noters, la Fond, sailor, du Plessis, la Verdure, sailor, la Montagne, Savary, la Franchise, Teste-Pelee, servant of la Franchise, Coquelin, sailor, des Lauriers, Paul Langlois, sailor. It is noteworthy that servants and indentured engages were virtual slaves for three to five years. These were unique in desiring to leave the colony as most went Coureurs des Bois.
April 22: Quebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Rouillard dit Lariviere (1616-1666) and Marie Girard, b-1640.
April 27: Two servants of Dauteuil took flight into the interior likely encouraged by the flight of 16 French on April 21.
April 27: Monsieur Charon is wounded in the throat by a pistol shot, at his residence on the Island or Orleans, by two of his servants. They were captured May 7.
May 8: Quebec, death Paschal Pasquier
May 12: Jacques Junier fled Sillery, Kebec, by crossing the Saint Lawrence River.
June 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre:
June 26: The Onondagas sent 18 chiefs to Ville-Marie (Montreal) for peace negotiations.
July 20: The New England colonists are under-taking war against the Dutch and their Iroquois allies.
July 20: Montreal the Iroquois killed (I)-Micheal Noel a servant of (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657)
July 21: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Preuirau to Jacquette Tourault, veuve Pierre Tarouseau
July 30: News arrived that the Algonquin of the north are uniting with the remnants of the Tobacco and Neutral tribes, are assembling beyond the Sault Ste Marie, Lake Superior, to unite against the Iroquois. It is noteworthy that the Algonquin had previously, before the arrival of the French, had assembled a great army to punish the Iroquois for their evil ways. In this way peace had been secured in the past.
August 5: Quebec, birth (III)-Marie Madeleine Pinguet d-1721 daughter (II)-Noel Pinguet (1630-1685) to Marie Madeleine Du Pont, (1636-1696)
August 12: Quebec, birth (II)-Louise Rouleau, died August 28, 1656, Quebec daughter (I)-Gabriel Rouleau dit Sanssoucy (1618-1673) and Mathurine Leroux b-1636, epouse Debruary 5, 1674 Ste Famille, Martin Mercier.
August 21: The Iroquois attacked Ville-Marie (Montreal) but are defeated by the Huron. Three Rivers is also attacked. The siege lasted over eight days. When no progress is made by either side, peace is declared and the Iroquois return prisoners taken as did the French.
August 24: Quebec, marriage (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) 2nd marriage (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, half sister of (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710), daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Radisson and Madeleine Heraut, Marguerite veuve de Jean Veron Grand Menil who was killed by the Iroquois..
August 30: In Ville-Marie (Montreal), he married Francoise Besnard, daughter of Pierre and Catherine Riverin from Pourray, diocese of Mans.
August 30: (I)-Emmanuel Le Borgue (1610-1675) with his son (II)-Alexandre Le Borgue (1640-1693) arrived Port Royal to recover money owing to him. He forced the widow of (I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) to sign a document saying he was owed 206,286 livres. He then set out to plunder Acadia starting with Pentagouet (Castline, Maine), La Heve where he burned everything, Saint-Pierre and Nipisiguit. He assumed (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) and (I)-Nicholas Denys (1598-1688) were mere vassals to be crushed. The Laurentian settlements of Denys was plundered, burned, and the people taken into slavery. He then attacked Fort La Tour but was repulsed.
September 22: Marguerite Bourgeoys (1620-1700) wanted to open a school at Ville-Marie (Montreal), but there was only one school child so she cared for the sick and poor.
October: The Savages reported the French party who deserted Three Rivers earlier this year are discovered in Gaspe. Some had died from hardship and privation, and there were indications that they had eaten one another.
October 20: Quebec, marriage (I)-Robert Pare (1626-1684) to (II)-Francoise La Houx (1626-1685)
October 22: Quebec, marriage (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697) daughter (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) d-1665, sauvagesse. Others suggest Francoise was born France, March 16, 1604 but parents were not identified.
October 29: Bouchard’s wife was convicted for being violent to the person of Dr. Ettiene Bouchard on the Public Road. Francoise Besnard remarried to Guillaume Bouchard in Ville-Marie (Montreal) on October 22, 1690 and she leased to Charles Gervaise, a farm on the outskirts of Ville-Marie (Montreal) and renewed the lease April 14th 1694 and October 7th 1696. Her son, Pierre Janot, paid her a life-annuity, March 8th 1698, the same day she sold a portion of the land to Nicolas Janvrin.
October 29: (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis, (1636-1710) claims to have escaped from the Mohawks with the help of the Dutch.
November: The vessel that departed Kebec for France, richly laden with the spoils of the beavers of this country, was itself despoiled, falling into the hands of the English who were waiting for it in the channel.
November: About 140 individuals arrived Ville-Marie (Montreal) boosting the population to 200 people.
November 3 The Iroquois Nation made peace with the French, but some Mohawks, Oneidas and Onondagas continued to fight.
November 16: THE RECRUITS courtesy of Brad La Chapelle
Editors Note:
In the 1600′s, Montreal, Canada is known as Ville-Marie. The Iroquois were constantly attacking and killing the villagers, and they asked for help from France. In 1653, France held a Grand Recruitment to help the settlers, and this was known as “Grand Recrue de 1653.” 153 men signed up to go to Canada, but 50 did not honor their contract and 8 died on the voyage, leaving a total of 95 able bodied men. Of these, 24 were massacred by the Iroquois, 4 accidentally drowned and one died when his house was burned. Of those left, 49 have left descendants in Canada. These soldiers were credited with not only saving Ville-Marie from extinction, but the whole of Canada as well.
When volunteers arrived, they were not allowed to use their proper names and each adopted an “alias” or “dit” name. Therefore, Marin Janot, became known as Marin Janot dit LaChapelle. It is supposition on my part, but since he was from the LaChapelle/Monthodon area of France, he apparently took the name of his hometown.
November 26: Quebec, birth (II)-Gilles Fournier, Metis died December 31, 1653, Quebec son (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, b-1638.
December 3: Nicolas Denys (1598-1688) purchased the rights to the islands of the Gulf of St. Lawrence from Cap Canso to Cap des Rosiers on the Gaspe from the Company of New France.
1654
Thirty five marriages, sixty four births and twenty four deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Jean Aubuchon of Trois Rivieres married Marguerite Sedilot- age eleven years and 5 months.
Pierre (Laverdure) Doucet, b-1621 fled to Quebec in 1654 when Port Royal, Acadia fell, his 1st wife whom he married in 1640 died in Quebec, 2nd marriage 1660, Heriette Pelletret when he returned to Acadia.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Michel Lefebvre, Metis, died October 21, 1708, Trois Riviers son (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married November 11, 1670 Trois Rivieres: married November 3, 1683, Champlain, Catherine Trotier
(I)-Charles Le Moyne (Lemoine) (1624-1683) married an adopted orphan named Catherine Tierry age 13, likely a Savauge or Metis?
Father Simon Le Moyne (1604-1665), a missionary to the Wendat, journeyed to Iroquois country, promising to establish a mission in 1655.
(I)-Philippe Mius d’Entremont, (1601-1701) receives from (II)-Charles La Tour (1594-1665) one of the few signeurie ever given out in old Acadia, signeurie of Popomcoup (Pubnico), at Cape Sable, Acadia.
(II)-Jacques I Mius d’Entremont, b-1654, East Pubnico, Acadia (Nova Scotia), died 1763, son (I)-Philippe Muis d’Entremont, (1601-1701) and (I)-Madeline Helie Du Tillet, b-1626: married 1677 Acadia Anne La Tour
(II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) is reported to be back at Trois Rivieres. They bring reports of the Stinking Sea aka Ouinipeg Sea (Lake Winnipeg) which means stinking water.
(I)-Claude Volant de St Claude, b-1636, married Trois Rivieres (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis, b-1636 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet de St Malo and Madeleine Heraut or savage: a sister or half sister to (II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson (1636-1710), see 1631
(II) Gilles Trottier (1628-1658) is captured by the Iroquois and freed the following year. He became an interpreter and continued in that role until his death. He never married and gave all his property to the church in Ville-Marie (Montreal). Source Lyle Trottier.
A number of persons are free-trading, and the Company wishes to know the number and quality of such persons.
The Acadian children born between 1654 and 1670 had little or no knowledge of France. Unlike New France, they were not governed by the religious, nor the seigniorial system or an Intendant. Seigneuries were granted at Port Royal, Beaubassin and along the St. John River, but had no influence on daily life. The Acadians adopted the Indian practice of family networks, forging strong family kinships among themselves. The Jesuits, Capuchins, Recollets and Sulpicians took part in religious and educational needs, but no order achieved unquestioned authority like in New France. Every Acadian settlement contained Metis families, usually of Micmac ancestry, and they were readily accepted as Acadians.
Two young Coureurs des Bois encouraged 250 Ottawa to trade into Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal).
Peace was made between the French and the Iroquois.
The Wendat (Huron) arrive by the hundreds with furs as promised last year.
Thirty Frenchmen and two Jesuits returned with the Ottawa to live among them to improve trade.
The population of Port Royal, Acadia is listed as 250 people, mostly from France. Thomas Temple (1615-1674) and two others obtained the rights of trade and government in Acadia ( Nova Scotia) following the English conquest this year.
Kebec, 6 ships arrived, the Fortune at 100 tonnage captain Pierre Le Besson, the Petit Saint Jean captain Rene Boutin, the Verie from Naples, the Saint Nicoers, the Patriarche Abraham captain Jean Poulet and the Colombe Mouillee.
January 7: Montreal, marriage (I)-Jeanne Solde to Jacques Beauvais dit St. Jeme
February 3: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), married (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis?, b-1621, died July 30, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese?, (1600-1663). Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
February 9: Quebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Parent (1610-1698) to (II)-Jeanne Baneau., died November 23, 1706 Beauport.
February 22: Quebec, birth (II)-Elizabeth Aubert (Auber) b-1654, daughter (I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) and Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English; married February 4, 1671 Quebec Bertrand Chese; 2nd marriage February 4, 1683 Quebec, Jean Baptiste Franquelin
February 28: Montreal, birth (II)-Paul Prud’homme son (I)-Louis Prud’homme (1608-1671) and Roberte Gadois, b-1626:
April: At Ville-Marie (Montreal), a great number of beavers inhibiting the streams and neighboring rivers attracted our Frenchmen thither, as soon as spring opened and the snow and ice melted. On all sides they hunted and waged war against these animals with pleasure and profit alike. A young surgeon in pursuit of beaver is captured by the Onneiochronnon (Iroquois). He was later released and returned to Ville-Marie (Montreal).
April 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Etienne Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630;
April 28: The ordinance of Governor Jean de Lauzon (1584-1666) took over the fur trade for his own personal profit and decreed that no one else is allowed to trade except those authorized by himself. A Lauson monolophy.
May 3, Quebec, birth (III)-Noel Pelletier, Metis, died September 1, 1712 Riviere Ouelle, son (II)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1698) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); married 1676 Madeleine Mtgnault
May 6: Trois Riviers, marriage (I)-Lamorille Lemaistre dit Le Picard (1631-1666), master tailor, married Judith Rigaud, Lamorille was involved in 24 court cases at Trois Riviers
May 19: Quebec, marriage (I)-Charles Philippaux, d-1665 to Catherine Noutet, epouse March 8, 1666, Quebec, Jean Soulard
June: The Tionnontatehronnons (Tobacco Nation) arrived Ville-Marie (Montreal) and Three Rivers to trade furs for French goods. They could speak both the Huron and Algonquin languages. These people are now living near the Lake of the Stinkards (Salt Water), at the Bay of the North.
June: The Iroquois are attacking the Cat Nation and the village of Sonnontoehronnon (Iroquois) is already taken and burned. Among the Cat People are some displaced Huron’s.
June: Captain Anniehronnon, a Metis, the son of an Iroquois mother and a Dutch father arrived Kebec from Fort Orange in New Holland to confirm peace with their Savage allies.
July: Captain Anniehronnon, a Metis, returned to Kebec with two French prisoners captured by the Iroquois.
July: The Iroquois are favorably disposed towards the French. The Iroquois are not mistreating their Huron captives. It is not known why their disposition changed over the next few years.
July 4: Robert Sedgwick (1611-1656) of New England, in retaliation for attacks on English ships, attacked Acadia. Because of the civil war started by the infamous (I)-Emmanuel Le Borgue (1610-1675), Acadia had few defenses. Sedgwick easily took Le Heve, Pentagoet and Port Royal.
July 17: Fort Sainte Marie surrendered to Robert Sedgwick (1611-1656) and (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) is taken prisoner.
July 25: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Chouart son (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) and (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, b-1632
August 6: (I)-Medard Chouart Sieur Des Groseilliers (1618-1696) turns Coureurs des Bois and goes to what is known as the Western Area of the North Bay. They go up the Ottawa River, near Lake Nipissing, then down the French River towards Georgian Bay and Lake Huron, to the Links between Lake Erie to Lake Michigan.
August 16: Port Royal surrendered to Robert Sedgwick (1611-1656) of New England. Fort Pentagouet on the Penobscot River also fell.
August 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Rouillard, died August 24, 1711 son (I)-Antoine Rouillard dit Lariviere (1616-1666) and Marie Girard, b-1640.
August 31: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Perrot dit Vildaigre (1629-1703) to Michelle Le Plot, b-1742.
September 2: Robert Sedgwick (1611-1656) of New England, having captured Acadia, departed for England with (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) as his prisoner.
September 9: Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Maurice Poulain b-1620 son of (I)-Pierre Poulain dit Lafontaine and Anne Ploumelle: married Jeanne Jallaut (Jallot) died May 27, 1708, veuve Martin Francheville.
September 19: Jean Aubuchon of Trois Rivieres married Marguerite Sedilot- a child bride who was 11 years and 5 months old.
October 12: Ville-Marie (Montreal), death Yves Batar by the Iroquois.
October 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Marguerite Gervaise died January 18, 1690, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis? b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Ville-Marie (Montreal); married February 19, 1669, Ville-Marie (Montreal), (II)-Jean Baptiste Gadois, b-1641, died April 15, 1728 Ville-Marie (Montreal).
October 26: Chateau Richer, birth (II)-Pierre Racine, Metis, died March 14, 1729 Quebec son of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married July 6, 1682 Ste Familie, Louise Guyon
November 5: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jeanne Baillargeon, daughter (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636:
November 8: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Volant de St. Claude, Metis, died January 3, 1710. Quebec, ordained a priest September 17, 1678, son (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636.
November 10: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, Metis, died October 8, 1719, Varnenes, ordained a priest September 17, 1678, son (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636.
November 30: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Louis Lebecheur, b-1629 killed by Iroquois.
1655
Twenty two marriages, eighty one births and nineteen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Claude Dablon (1618-1697) a Jesuit arrived as a missionary to the Onondaga near Syracuse, New York.
Captain Jean Baptiste Ekhinechkaouat (Metis?) became ill in the woods and was near death when the Jugglers (Medicine Man) using herbal medicine cured him. The Jesuits consider all Jugglers as evil.
(I)-Emmanuel Le Borgue (1610-1675) departed Acadia broke and left his son (II)-Alexandre Le Borgue (1640-1693) to attempt in the recovery of the family estate. Alexandre never amounted to much as he was too fond of the wine.
Pentagouet, Acadia, marriage (III)-Jeanne Jeanne de Saint Etienne de La Tour, Metis daughter (II)-Charles La Tour (1596-1665) and a Mi’Kmaq ( Micmac) girl; married d’Apprendestiguy de Martignon.
(I)-Claude Sol dit Desmarais, b-1629, established himself this year Trois Rivieres.
Captain Noel Tecouerimat (Metis?) is at Saint Joseph of Sillery, Kebec.
Captain Paul Tessouehat (Metis?), the famous one eyed Captain of the Algonquins is on the Island.
(I)-Pierre Thibodeau, b-1630, France, arrived Acadia 1650′s, married 1660 Acadia (II)-Jeanne Theriault, b-1744, family settled at Pre Ronge, Acadia.
d’Apprendestiguy de Martignon, a Basque, married 1655 Pentagouet, Acadia (II)-Jeanne de Saint-Etienne de la Tour, Metis, b-1625 Acadia daughter (II)-Charles (Turgis) de Saint-Etinne de la Tour (1595-1665) and Louise a Micmac woman.
A band of Iroquois wintered near Three Rivers among a band of Algonquin, and no disagreement was found between the two Nations. The widows and girls of the Algonquin were allowed to marry the Iroquois. The Iroquois by custom would join the Algonquin culture.
An Englishman noted that slaves are sold from one to another, in New France, as we do sheep.
The Iroquois delivered some of the little girl slaves, as requested by the Jesuits. The Jesuits say the little girl slaves are for the Ursuline Mothers to work in their house of charity. They hope to make so many Christians of them. The life expectancy of the little girls is not long. The Jesuits must have been aware that the Iroquois would have to raid their neighbors to acquire these little girl slaves. This would then lead to war between the two peoples.
The Jesuits consider the Savages God Manitou (Great Spirit) as a demon. This is tantamount to the Savages calling Jesus a demon.
Kebec, a fleet of 6 ships sent, three are lost, the Petit Francois at 50 tonnage is lost to the Spanish with captain P. Delafond, the Chat Bouque taken by the English, a Dutch ship was lost at sea. The Colombe Mouillee and the Patriarche Abraham arrived Kebec.
January 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, died April 1, 1661, Kebec, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620
January 11: Quebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Thibaut (1618-1686) to Marie Madeleine Francois b-1633
January 12: Quebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Biron b-1627 1st to (II)-Barbe Martin, Metis (1643-1660); 2nd married December 19, 1662, Quebec, Jeanne Poireau, d-1691.
January 13: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, died March 16, 1661 Quebec daughter (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Olivier Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626- 1665);
January 27: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Francoise Plante daughter (I)-Jean Plante, (1621-1706) and (II)-Francoise Boucher d-1711; married November 18, 1676 Cheateau Richer Nicolas Paquin. (I)-Jean Plante, (1621-1706) possible son (I)-Jean Plante arrived Kebec 1619 and therefore possible Metis??
January 26: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Louis Ozannes dit Lafronde (1616-1661) married Marie Denot de la Martiniere, veuve Mathieu Labot.
February 4: Quebec, birth (II)-Guillaume Hebert Aubert, died October 16, 1714 Hotel Dieu, married Marie Anne Roussin and had 11 children.
February 8: Quebec, marriage (I)-Vincent Poirier dit Bellepoire, (1628-1703) and 1st married (II)-Francoise Pinguet, died May 30, 1661, veuve Pierre Delauney: 2nd marriage December 6, 1662, Quebec, Judith Renaudeau (1630-1695)
February 16: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Marie Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married November 17, 1671, Chateau Richer, Francois Belanger
March 14: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Rouleau, died August 28, 1656, Quebec son (I)-Gabriel Rouleau dit Sanssoucy (1618-1673) and Mathurine Leroux, b-1636, epouse February 5, 1674, Ste Famille, Martin Mercier.
April 1: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Soumande, Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637; married Joseph Mignot
April 6: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Pierre Pellerin dit St. Amand, b-1621 to Louise Mousseau, died July 1707, Quebec
April 12. Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Jean Aubuchon dit L’Esperance under contract of marriage September 19, 1654 Trois Riviers, married (II)-Marguerite Sedilot, Metis? daughter (I)-Louis Sedilot (1660-1672) and Marie Charter, likely a sauagesse 2,nd marriage Marie Grimoult
April 27: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Pierre Chapiteau b-1605 killed by the Iroquois.
May 5: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married February 17, 1670, Quebec, Pierre Blanchet.
May 29: Jean Liegeois, a Jesuit lay brother, is killed by the Hiroquois at Fort Sillery.
June 2: Quebec, birth, (II)-Laurent Tessier, Metis, died September 27, 1687, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal); married October 20, 1681 Quebec Genevieve Lemire.
August 22: Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Robineau son (I)-Rene Robineau (1629-1699) and Marie Anne LeNeuf de la Poterie, d-1702.
September 19: Fathers Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot and Claude Dablon (1619-1697) departed Quebec to establish a mission in Onondaga country.
September 21: Quebec birth (II)-Catherine Bonhomme, daughter (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); married 1670 Jacques Bertheaume
September 29: Kebec, birth (II)-Elizabeth Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre:
October 28: Kebec, marriage (II)-Jean Roussin son (I)-Jean Roussin de Tourouvre to Marie Letard
November 3: The Treaty of Westminster, England restored Acadia to France.
December 8: Quebec, birth Jean Pinguet, d-1710 son (II)-Noel Pinguet (1630-1685) to Marie Madeleine Du Pont, (1636-1696)
December 29: Trois Rivieres, death (II)-Guy Poutrel, b-1630 son (I)-Jean Poutrel Du Colombier and Medeleine Leneuf Du Hersson
1656
Twenty six marriages, eighty four births and twenty two deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
LISTED AMONG THE FILLE DU ROI IN 1667 ?
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1643), married Pierre Pouillard, October 12, 1667
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1647), married Michel Verret, Michel, dit Laverdure, October 13, 1669 Michel Verret,
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1656), married 1672, Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre,
Possibility Marie Deschamps is a savague?
Five ships sailed from France to Kebec this year. One was captured by the English, one was captured by the Spaniards and one was lost at sea. The other two arrived and departed in safety.
An Iroquois raid in 1655 and a fire this year finished the Indian reserve experiment at Sillery, and by 1663, French settlers would occupy this land. The Dutch Iroquois (the Agnieronnons) were attacking the French everywhere killing and being killed.
(I)-Mathieu Doucet, b-1637 France, a miller, arrived Kebec 1656, died March 25, 1657 at Trois Rivieres.
Martin d’Aprendistiguy, a Basque of St. John River, Acadia married Marie Jeanne De La Tour, Metis daughter Charles La Tour and Mikmag woman.
Daughter Marie Anne d’Aprendistiguy, Metis b-1662 married 1686 Port Royal Guillaume Bourgeous.
Zacharie Dupuy (1608-1676), Commandant of Quebec, established a post at Syracuse, N.Y.
(I)-Charles de Lauzon de Charny is appointed the Commandant General (interim Governor) of New France from September 1656 to September 18, 1657.
(II)-Peter Esprit Radisson Metis (1636-1710), see 1631, says he was born 1636 St. Malo, emigrated to Canada May 24, 1651, and married 1656 Trois Rivieres to Elizabeth, the daughter of Madeleine Hainault. He goes on to say that he lived at Tree Rivers where also dwelt “my natural parents, and country-people, and my brother, his wife and children”. We need to keep in mind (II)-Pierre was in England at the time of writing this when he was trying to influence the English with his exploits and claimed credit for activities of (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers. Some think (I)-Medard is the brother in question. (II)-Peter’s married second wife some time between 1666 and 1673 in England, daughter of John Kirke. He is believed to have returned to Quebec in 1694 and to have died there. (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis, b-1636, a sister of (I)-Peter is believed to have married 1653 (I)-Claude Violany de St. Claude likely in Trois Rivieres.
Garreau is killed near Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal); shot through the spine.
Kabec, 6 ships arrived, the Rene at 80 tonnage, the Taureau at 150 tonnage captain Rlie Tadourneau, the Fortune at 100 tonnage captain Elie Raymont, the Saint Sebastin captain Guillaume and Jean Poulet and 2 unknown ships.
January 22: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Perrot daughter (I)-Jacques Perrot dit Vildaigre (1629-1703) to Michelle Le Plot, b-1742: married September 17, 1669, Ste Familee, Francois de Jarret.
February 2: Quebec, birth (II)-Ignace Poulain, son (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) and Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687): married August 23, 1683 Ste Anne, Marguerite Pare.
February 15: Quebec, birth (II)-Anne Aubert (Auber) b-1656, died June 20 1728 daughter (I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) and Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English; married November 6, 1683 Quebec Gervais Baudouin
February 22: The Jesuits condemn the Savages for believing their dreams. They have a special festival for what the Jesuits call the ‘demon of dreams’. They also call it the festival of fools, or the carnival of wicked Christians. The Savages call it the Honnonouaroria. The Jesuits do not consider the French masqueraders carnival in Europe as evil. If we follow their logic the dreams of the Jesuit fathers, that they call visions, are therefore ‘demon dreams’.
March 3: Quebec, birth (II)-Anne Poirier, died February 1, 1704, Ste Foye, daughter (I)-Vincent Poirier dit Bellepoire, (1628-1703) and (II)-Francoise Pinguet, died May 30, 1661, veuve Pierre Delauney: 1st married February 6, 1673 Quebec, Jacques Gaudry: 2nd marriage 1692 Ignace Bonhomme
March 16: Montreal, birth (II)-Marguerite Prud’homme daughter (I)-Louis Prud’homme (1608-1671) and Roberte Gadois, b-1626: married 1st. July 14, 1670 Montreal, Jean Martinet: 2nd marriage January 23, 1703 Jean Latour
March 28: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jeanne Pepin Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married 1st Fenruary 6, 1674 Trois Rivieres Jean Herou; 2nd marriage August 13, 1690 Trois Rivieres Mathurn Marais
May 2: (I)-Jean Bourdon (1601-1668) weighted anchor at Quebec for a voyage to the north. Some claimed he reached the shores of Hudson Bay and claimed it for France. Other suggest he didn’t make it and was driven back by the savages, and his way was blocked by ice. Others suggest 16 Frenchmen and 2 Huron guides reached Kibokok at the mouth of the Ashouanipi River, lattitude 55 degrees north. His Huron guides were killed and that is why they turned back..
May 6: The Onontaeronons killed a cow belonging to Pierre Bival (the Swiss). He fired a swivel-gun at the Onontaeronons, but without effect. They also killed a sow with farrow, belonging to the same man.
March 23: Lamote and Tieri were condemned by the Gentlemen of the Council to pay a fine of 500 livres each, for having sold goods at a higher price than the tariff.
March 28: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jeanne Pepin daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and Jeanne Mechin, b-1630; married 1st February 6, 1674 Trois Rivieres, Jean Herou; 2nd marriage August 13, 1690. Trois Rivieres, Mathurin Marais
March 31: Monsieur the Abbe said in sermon that it was a mortal sin to sell brandy to the Savages. He had previously said it was not a mortal sin.
April 3: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Ignace Lefebvre, Metis, died March 27, 1740, Trois Rivieres son (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married January 12, 1682 Champlain Marie Trotier
April 7: Ste Genevieve, Montreal, birth (V)-Louis Plouf, Metis, son (IV)-Maurice Plouf and (V)-Marie Francois, Metis, b-1730.
April 11: Contract written for (I)-Louis Guerineau aka Garnaud (1634-1698) and thirty others to travel to Quebec. The contract was written by a tabellion (notary) Sea Cherbonnier. The contract for 3 years included Nicolas Millet, Joachin Martin, Jean Rabourin, Pierre Menard, known as Saintonge. It was Mer. Francois Peron, ship-owner and owner of the ship Bull on which this group took to the sea. The ship Bull was 150 barrels and its master was E. Tadourneau arriving Quebec in summer of 1656.
June 13: Three French, Adrien Joliet, Fouquet and Christophle are captured by the Iroquois at the First River.
June 18: Montreal, birth/death, (II)-Michel Froget, Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis;
June 22: Kebec, birth (III)-Jean Roussin son (II)-Jean Roussin to Marie Letard
June 25, Montreal, death (I)-Christophe Roger, drowned.
July 10: Quebec, birth (II)-Pierre Pellerin son (I)-Pierre Pellerin dit St. Amand, b-1621 to Louise Mousseau, d-1707.
July 11: Quebec, marriage (III)-Jean Baptiste Le Gardeur de Repentigny, b-1632 to (II)-Marguerite Nicolet, b-1642 daughter (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) and (II)-Marguerite Couillard
July 28: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Picard, died November 29, 1700, Quebec to (II)-Marie Caron, died June 10, 1660, Quebec; 2nd marriage November 18, 1663 Chateau Richer, (II)-Marie Madeleine Gagnon, died September 12, 1680, Quebec; 3rd marriage about 1690 (II)-Marie Anne Fortin, epouse January 7, 1702, Quebec, Etienne Mirambault;
August: Trois Rivieres, The Coureurs des Bois (I)-Medard Chouart Sieur Des Groseilliers (1618-1695/98) returned with 259 natives in 50 canoes from the Green Bay (Wisconsin) area and the southern shore of Lake Superior, bearing a future in furs. During this trip they learned of the rich fur country north and northwest of Lake Superior which, they were told is only 7 days by canoe from Hudson Bay.
August 7: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Nicolas Petit dit Lapree, b-1631 to Marie Pomponnelle (1630-1700)
August 11: Bourdon returned to Kebec from his northern voyage. The two Huron’s, whom he had taken with him, were killed by the Savages, and a Frenchman was wounded.
September 3: The elders of the Onnontage were informed that if they wanted the French to dwell amongst them, as they requested, they must provide little girls to be placed with the Ursuline Mothers. The savages loved their children and the only way they could obtain slave children for the Church is to raid their neighbors. It is hard to accept that alleged civilized Christian peoples could rationalize child slavery.
September 20: Cromwell granted Acadia to (II)-Charles La Tour(1595-1665) who sold the rights to Thomas Temple (1614-1674) and William Crowne (1617-1682) in return for five percent of the products.
October 2, Quebec, birth (III)-Anne Pelletier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Pelletier d-1698 and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); married January 10, 1670 Quebec, Guillaume Lizot
October 7: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Marguerite Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married November 14, 1674, Chateau Richer, Robert Caron.
November: De la Poterie opened a trading post at Trois Rivieres; trading wine for beaver believing this would regulate the sale of liquor. The Savages do not amend their conduct, and complaints are made against the tavern. The Jesuits requested that the Governor not allow this practice. (I)-Louis D’Ailleboust de Couconge et d’Argentenay (1612-1660) governor of all Canada, decides that the tavern must be closed, according to the Jesuit records. The alleged decree did not force him to close down.
November 9: Quebec, birth (II)-Paul Vachon, Metis, died March 7, 1729 Cap de la Madeleine, ordained Quebec, December 21, 1680 son (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697).
November 10: Quebec, marriage (I)-Nicolas Praye (Pre, Dupre) to (II)-Mathurine Buisson
November 20: A Dutchman (Otsirdiakhon) from New Holland visited Three Rivers to provide safe conduct to the Agnieronon peace team who returned 7 French prisoners and requested release of their prisoners. The terms of peace include they bring little girls as slaves for the Church. The French must have realized the savages love their children and would not give them up for slavery. They would be forced to conduct slave raids or continue warring with the French.
November 22: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Rouleau, son (I)-Gabriel Rouleau dit Sanssoucy (1618-1673) and Mathurine Leroux, b-1636, epouse February 5, 1674, Ste Famille, Martin Mercier.
November 27: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (II)-Laurent Archambault, (Metis?) b-1644, son (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married November 27, 1656, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Gilles Lauzon. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
December 6: Quebec, birth (II)-Pierre Soumande, Metis, died January 4, 1657, Quebec, son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
December 22: Quebec, birth (II)-Charles Rouillard, died March 11, 1679, Montreal, son (I)-Antoine Rouillard dit Lariviere (1616-1666) and Marie Girard, b-1640.
1657
Twenty two marriages, eighty three births and thirty two deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Quebec, birth (II)-Jacques Plante son (I)-Jean Plante, (1621-1706) to (II)-Francoise Boucher d-1711; married 1st November 13, 1686 Ste. Famille, Francoise Turcot; 2nd marriage Februaru 6, 1696, Chateau Richer, Genevieve Duchesneau
Jacques Bernard is listed as single but he married Catherine, likely savage, and had one know child Marguerite Rernard Metis born August 9, 1658 Three Hills. Jacque was involved in 29 cases of legal cases in Three Rivers. Frenchmen who took a country wife was officially listed as single. If they did not produce a child they are not considered a settler. The child had to be baptized to qualify as a settler. It’s noteworthy that Champlain produced no children and therefore was not a settler.
The mission Ste. Anne de Beaupre de la Province de Quebec 35 km east Quebec city is established this year. Etienne Lessard, one of the first settlers, ceded some land for the construction of the first wooded chapel in 1658.
(II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) joins the Jesuit Mission to the Onondaga (1657-1658) and increases his knowledge of Indian life.
In France: When a father gives a daughter in marriage, he allows her a dowry; Among the Savages, it is given to the girls father.
In France: The Man usually takes to his house the woman whom he married; Among the Savages, the man goes to the woman’s house to dwell.
In France: If anyone fall into a fit of anger, or harbor some evil purpose, or meditate some harm, he is reviled, threatened, and punished; The Savages gives him presents, to soothe his ill-humor, cure his mental ailment and put good thoughts into his head.
In France: A workman does not expect pay until he completes his task; The Savage ask for it in advance.
In France: We are not very well pleased to see snow or hail fall; The Savage leap for joy as it falls.
In France: The dead are buried with the least possible clothing: The Savages dress the dead in their finest and include their favorite possessions.
In some parts of France: The dead are buried with their head turned towards the east; The Savages make them face the west.
(I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?) returned to Fort Quebec, having left in 1654 to make direct trading contact with the Ojibwa and Fox. He had passed south west of Lake Superior to the upper Mississippi. His objective was to bypass the Ottawa in trade and explore the south to curtail the westward expansion of the thirteen colonies. The mission of the Mountain of Ville-Marie (Montreal), at this time, contained one hundred and sixty able bodied men. A third of them married, and a census taken in 1665 showed a jump to five hundred and twenty five and, two years later, seven hundred and sixty six. The Mohawk attacked the Island of Orleans and carried off eighty prisoners who were under the protection of the French. Many prisoners are women, and they ransacked the houses in Quebec. The people huddled in the Fort and not a shot was fired in defense of the Wendat who are under the protection of the French. The Sulpician, a religious order, began working in the colony this year. Pierre de Voyer d’Argenson is appointed Governor New France from July 11, 1658 to August 30, 1661. King Louis XIV prohibited the sale of liquor to Indians in New France. The King assigned Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) as the first Bishop of New France. The Iroquois renewed their war with the French to stop the flow of furs to the mission of the Mountain of Montreal. About 100 settlers are killed by the Iroquois in the St. Lawrence River Valley.
The Sulpicians, a religious order, began working the New France Colony, thereby breaking the Jesuit monopoly. These Sulpitians directed the religious affairs of Ville-Marie (Montreal) thereby replacing the Jesuits in this settlement.
The French are aware that there are four routes to the North Sea, Tadoussac, Three Rivers, Nipisiriniens and via the Great Sault (Lake Superior). The standard of the day in map making is the distance is reckoned as 15 leagues per day going down-stream and 7-8 leagues per day going up-stream. One league = 3 miles. The basis of most French maps are Savage reports, Coureurs des Bois and Metis reports and they measured distance by days traveled to reach various destinations.
January 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Baillargeon, son (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636:
January 17: Quebec, birth (II)-Rene Jacques Petit son (I)-Pierre Petit and Catherine Francoise Desnovers.
January 26: (I)-Pierre de Voyer d’Argenson (1612-1660) is appointed interim Governor of New France from September 18, 1657 (January 11, 1658) to July 11, 1658 (August 30, 1661).
January 30: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, died April 27, 1715, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis? b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Ville-Marie (Montreal); married January 14, 1676 Ville-Marie (Montreal) (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre b-1651.
April 16: Trois Rivieres, Quebec, marriage, (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur, b-1624, a Coureur de Bois, a soldier and interpreter, he died April 1690, St. Francois du Lac. He married April 16, 1657, Trois Rivieres, Quebec, Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (1631-1699) an Algonquine, she 1st married 1645 Assababich b-1620 and they had two children.
March 7: King Louis XIV prohibited the sale of liquor to the Indians in New France.
April 10: Quebec, birth (II)-Agathe Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married September 28, 1671, Quebec, Louis Gesseron.
April 16: Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur b-1624, (died August 6, 1665?, or April 5, 1690?), Trois Rivieres son (I)-Nicolas Couc dit Lafleur (1600-1675) and Elisabeth Templair; married, Marie Mite8ameg8k8e, Algonquine sauvagesse b-1631, died January 8, 1699 Trois Rivieres. Marie 1st married 1645 Assababich b-1620 and they had two children; Catherine Couque, b-1747 and Pierre Couque baptised May 6, 1650 and father listed as Pierre Deschamps.
April 16: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Pierre Coug dit Lafleur, b-1624 married Marie Mite8ameg8k8e sauvagesse, b-1631, died August 6, 1665 Trois Rivieres
May 27: Kabec, the ship Vierge arrives with captain Fabien Madot
May 29: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jeanne Petit daughter (I)-Nicolas Petit dit Lapree, b-1631 to Marie Pomponnelle (1630-1700): married November 26, 1671, Trois Rivieres, Jean Gaultier
June 4: Trois Rivieres, baptism Jeanne Lafleur and (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618-1696) is Godfather.
June 22: Kabec the ship Taureau at 150 tonnage with gunner Jean Denilt and sailor Jean Riat, captain Elie Tadourneau.
July 14: Trois Riviers, Quebec, birth (III)-Jeanne Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, killed October 23, 1679, Trois Rivieres, daughter (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur, (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699). Jeanne was murdered by Jean Rattier duBuisson, on October 23, 1679, who was never punished.
Quebec, death, Peuvret, sieur de Margontier, killed at the Cape while bathing.
July 28: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Francoise Volant de St. Claude, Metis, died December 28, 1662 Trois Rivieres, daughter (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636.
July 29: Fathers Gabriel Thubieres de Levy de Queylus (1622-1677), Gabriel Souart (1611-1691), Dominique Galinier and Antoine d’Allet (1634-1693) arrived in Quebec to found a seminary in Ville-Marie (Montreal).
August 7: Trois Rivieres or in the field, birth (II)-Marie Anne Chouart, died November 31, 1664, Trois Rivieres, daughter (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) and (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, b-1632
August 20: Kabec, the ship Armes d’Amsterdam at 250 tonnage arrives with captain Jacob Gilles, the Saint Sebastien captain Guillaume and Jean Poulet and at least one ship unknamed..
August 21: Three Frenchmen are killed at Ville-Marie (Montreal) by the Onneiotchronnons (Iroquois). Dailleboust ordered the imprisonment of all Iroquois at Ville-Marie (Montreal), Three Rivers and Quebec. Some 50-60 Savages are placed in irons. In retaliation; Three French are captured at Three Rivers in plain view of everyone. At Quebec the Iroquois appeared in the fields killing the farmers and pounced upon the Alconquin women, killing them, taking some away as prisoners, who were later recovered by the pursuing French, Huron’s and Algonquin’s. The French alone in this pursuit numbered 200.
August 29; Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Francois Lienard died February 25, 1724 Pointe Aux Trembles son (I)-Sebastien Lienard dit Durbois (1628-1701) and (II)-Francoise Pelletier (1642-1707), veuve Joan Neriau; 1st married 1690 Marie Madeleine Arpot Sauvagesse (1673-1758); 2nd marriage Agnes Robitaille, also married Appelee Richard,
September 12: Temple and Crowne agree to divide Acadia. Thomas Temple (1614-1674) received the area from Lunenburg, Acadia ( Nova Scotia) to the St. George River, Maine.
September 13: Louis d’Aillebout de Coulonge is appointed administrator of New France from September 13 to July 10, 1658.
October 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Antoine Prevost, Metis, died March 16, 1662, Kebec, son (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620
October 23: Quebec, birth (II)-Antoine Prevost, Metis, died March 16, 1661 Quebec son (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Olivier Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626- 1665);
October 25: Montreal the Iroquois killed (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657) widowing his wife Francoise Gadois (1586-1689)
November 19: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Jacques Menard dit LaFontaine, b-1629: married Catherine Frontier, Jacques was involved in 26 court cases in Trois Riviers.
November 19: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Madeleine Pepin Metis, died July 8, 1722, Trois Rivieres, daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married April 7, 1671, Trois Rivieres, Francois Roussel
November 30: in the long point of Coste de Beaupre, Nicolas Maquart conceded in Jean Baptiste Halle a ground of 3 arpents by a a126 arpents depth, located between Jacques Vauclin and grounds not yet conceded on the territory which is now that of the Guardian Angel. This is two years before (I)- Louis Guerineau aka Garnaud (1634-1698) and (I)-Jacques Jacquereau b-1628 entrusted this ground to Jacques Vezina by contract.
December 10: (I)-Emmanuel Le Borgne (1610-1675) is appointed Governor of Acadia, which is still occupied by the English. This is likely an error as he only spent two years in Acadia 1653-1655 and was not a nice person and lacked the influence or capital for such a position. He died broke at Larochelle, France.
1658
Thirty five marriages, ninety births and eighteen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
The population of Port Royal, Acadia is no more than 250 souls.
(I)-Simon Baron, a Jesuit donnes and self taught surgeon is at Trois Rivieres having arrived 1637, 1634 Kebec and 1631 Cape Breton.
(I)-Father Claude Jean Allouez (1622-1689) arrived Kebec.
Birth (III)-Louise Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married October 24, 1679, Chateau Richer, Antoine Toupin.
Trois Riviers, birth (II)-Antoine Baillargeaun dit Durivage (February 22, 1699 at Kaskakin, Illinois) son (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 and Marie Metayer, b-1636 child od d’Etienne and Jeanne Robineau; 1st married Marie Aco; 2nd married likely 1700, Kaskakin, Illinois, Domitilde Ch8ping8a, sauvagesse.
Claude Dablon (1618-1697) a Jesuit and French settlers near Syracuse, New York fled to Canada to avoid massacre.
Louis Pinard, b-1636, surgeon married 1658 Marie Madeleine Hertal, Louis was involved in 32 court cases at Trois Riviers
(I)-Pierre You, Sieur De la Decouverte b-1669, died August 28, 1718, Ville-Marie (Montreal) son Pierre You and Renee Turrot of St. Sauveur, La Rochelle, Aunis, France, married likely 1693 Ville-Marie (Montreal) to Elisabeth Sauvagesse Miami, 2nd marriage Madeleine Juste;
RECORDED CHILDREN
Child of Elisabeth; (II)-Marie Anne You, Metis b-1694 married August 15, 1718, Jean Richard (not listed Tanguay)
Children claimed of Madeline (II)-Louise You (1706-1728), and (II)-Marie Catherine You b-1708. (not listed Tanguay) these are baptism dates and maybe children of Elisabeth.
An order from the French King forbid the people of New France to leave the colony without the Governors permission in the form of a permit. Until this time, 50% of the indentured French returned to France after their indenture was complete. A permit is issued only to those who have a wife and children and considerable property, to return to France to conduct business. The three year indenture to New France became a life sentence. In effect, these French Canadians are no longer citizens of France.
(I)-Pierre de Voyer Vicomte d’Argenson (1625-1709) became Governor of New France on July 11, 1658 to August 31, 1661. It is said that he spent half his time defending New France from the Iroquois and the other half defending New France from the Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), who it was said “listened to no one” (Bishop Quebec 1659-1688) and the Jesuits. Lavel was a political appointment to undermine the Governors of New France in an attempt for the Jesuits to regain control. He urged a monopoly control over the fur trade and an increased agrarian population, but his advice was not heeded
The thirty years religious war had ended in Europe. Absolutism of one king, one faith and one law in France entrenched rather than used the promised tolerance. Religious tolerance, abolishment of witch hunts and inquisition persecution, is promised. The peasant population, especially the Protestants, continue to be harassed, and there are higher taxes to pay for the war. The people could see no immediate relief to their misery.
The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), was made Apostolic Vicar in New France. He came under the direct authority of the Roman Papacy and not under the authority of the French Crown. Last year, the Sulpicians had taken over the parish of Ville-Marie (Montreal) and became seigneurs of the island. Within a few months they were feuding bitterly with the Jesuits and with Bishop Laval, after he arrived, over ecclesiastical jurisdiction. To complicate matters, the divided clergy was in bitter opposition with the Governor and merchants. New France was being torn apart, and they appealed to the French Crown to resolve their issues.
Kebec, 5 ships arrived, the Saint Joseph at 350 tonnage captain Fabien Marot, the Taureau at 150 tonnage captain Elie Tadourneau, the Prince Guillaume at 200 tonnage captain Jacques Jamain, the Saint Sebastien captain Guillaume et Jean Poulet and the Sacrifice d’Abraham at 300 tonnage pilopt Pierre Boileau and captain Elie Raymond.
January 25: Quebec, birth (II)-Anne Soumande, Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637; married November 21, 1672, Quebec, Francois Hazeur
March 24: Montreal, birth (II)-Pierre Prud’homme, died March 29, 1703 Montreal son (I)-Louis Prud’homme (1608-1671) and Roberte Gadois, b-1626: married February 9, 1688, Quebec, Anne Chasle
April: The people of Beaupre request an inquiry concerning the life and morals of Father Vaillant of Cote de Beaupre. Father Vaillant counter charged the people of Beaupre as calumniators (slanders). Eighty-three witnesses are called, and Father Vaillant is condemned and ordered to pay costs.
April 12: Quebec, birth (II)-Ignace Pellerin son (I)-Pierre Pellerin dit St. Amand, b-1621 to Louise Mousseau, d-1707.
(II)-Alexander Le Borgne (1640-1693) moved to Le Heve that was burned by his father in 1653 and recently abandoned by the English. Thomas Temple from Boston moved against Le Heve and captured Borgne and sent him to England and prison.
May 1: likely Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Pierre Pineau dit La Perle (1631-1708) to Anne Boyer (1636-1704).
June 1: (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) and (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1695/98) depart Quebec for Lake Superior and beyond, to visit the Dakota Sioux.
July 7: Quebec, (I)- Louis Guerineau aka Garnaud (1634-1698) joined with (I)-Jacques Jacquereau b-1628 to purchase a concession in Coste de Beaupre later called Guardian Angel
August 4: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Louis Petit son (I)-Nicolas Petit dit Lapree, b-1631 to Marie Pomponnelle (1630-1700): married 1st January 7, 1686, Boucherville, Marie Charles; 2nd marriage March 19, 1710, Varennes, Michelle Charter
August 6: Quebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Petit, (1633-1676) and Marie Godeau, b-1633, Pierre 2nd marriage July 6, 1663, Chateau Richer, Jeanne Morineau od diocese Lucon.
August 10: Construction of Hotel Dieu in Quebec is completed.
August 13: Quebec, birth (II)-Anne Rouleau, daughter (I)-Gabriel Rouleau dit Sanssoucy (1618-1673) and Mathurine Leroux, b-1636, epouse February 5, 1674, Ste Famille, Martin Mercier.
August 18: Quebec, birth (III)-Pierre Joseph Pinguet d-1691, son (II)-Noel Pinguet (1630-1685) to Marie Madeleine Du Pont, (1636-1696); married October 19, 1689, Montreal Catherine Tetard
September 1; Quebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Vachon, Metis, died June 24, 1703 Beauport, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married September 1, 1658, Quebec, Jean Robert Duprac.
September 16: Montreal, marriage (I)-Jean Pichard to Louise Garnier, epouse September 19, 1661, Montreal Jacques Morin
September 19: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Angelique Lefebvre, Metis, died December 4, 1735 Becancour son (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married married 1st Marie Madeleine Cusson: married 2nd Genevieve Guyet
September 29: Marguerite Bourgeoys and Jeanne Mance (1606-1673) departed Ville-Marie (Montreal) for France to recruit young girls to be teachers.
October 18: Quebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Poulain, died May 20, 1722, daughter (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) and Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687): married August 7, 1673, Jean Amyot
October 29: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Louis Pinar, (1636-1695) to (II)-Marie Madeleine Hertel daughter (I)-Jack Hertel.
November 11: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Antoine Baillargeon, son (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 and Marie Metayer, b-1636: married 1st Marie d’ACo; married Domitide Ch8ping8a, Indian girl
November 12: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) to (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645 daughter (I)-Abraham Martin (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis
November 12: Montreal, marriage (II)-Nicolas Gode (1636-1697) son (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657) and Francoise Gaddis (1586-1689) ; married Marguerite Picard b-1646, epouse October 20, 1681 Montreal Jean Pare
1659
Thirty six marriages, ninety one births and thirty one deaths are recorded in New France.
Records indicate 36 marriages, 91 births, 31 deaths and 60 excedant (single?) in Kebec, New France. The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), appealed to King Louis XIV to send troops to defeat the Iroquois barbarians.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Baillargeon, son (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636:
Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) married most likely early 1659, (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec daughter (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1684) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) d-1665, Sauvagesse
(I)-Jean Cordeau dit Desloriers b-1636 marriage Quebec to Catherine LaTour dit Simonet Metis b-1638 died February 4, 1678 Ste Family, likely the daughter of one of the LaTour brothers.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Elizabeth Pepin Metis died December 31, 1697 Champlain, daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married November 16, 1671 Jean Arcouet dit Lajeunesse
Quebec, birth (II)-George Plante son (I)-Jean Plante, (1621-1706) to (II)-Francoise Boucher d-1711; married November 5, 1685, St. Francois, Margeueite Crepeau.
(II)-Jean Baptiste Prevost, Metis, b-1659, died May 12, 1737, St. Augustin, son (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665): married 1st. August 18, 1683, Quebec, (II)-Marie Anne Giroux, b-1607 daughter (I)-Toussaint Giroux: married 2nd February 3, 1712, Ste Foye, (III)-Genevieve Sedilot, daughter (II)-Jean Sedilot.
(I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?) ventured among the Wendat to persuade them to bring more pelts down the St. Lawrence River. In the Green Bay area, he heard stories of much untouched beaver, north of Lake Superior to the inland sea (Bay of the North or Hudson Bay) from des Groseilliers.
Birth (II)-Elizabeth Pepin, died Decenber 31, 1697, Champlain daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and Jeanne Mechin, b-1630; married November 16, 1671, Trois Rivieres, Jean Arcouet dit Lajeunesse
Cap Breton, Acadia is commanded by Monsieur Denis.
(II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) is taken on an unlicensed fur trading expedition to Lake Superior and Michigan by his half sister’s husband, (I)-Medard Chouart des Grosseilliers (1618-1696). He learns, at this time, of the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay).
Many small boats were being used on the St Lawrence River.
(I)-Louis Garnault is born 1634 baptised 1641 in Grimaudiere, France, died April 2, 1698 L’Ange Gardien, Quebec. The location of Grimaudiere is about five miles from Mirebeau, the district of Leveche de Poitiers (Vienne). He is the son of Pierre Garnault and Jeanne Barrault. He immigrated to New France under the name of (I)-Louis Garnaud (1634-1698). He was probably a Protestant and indentured for thirty-six months. La Rochelle, France is the most probable departure point to New France. La Rochelle is a sordid city because of its crowded and shabby streets, packed tightly about the waterfront. He probably arrived the summer of this year, maybe June1656.
Three ships arrived this year at Fort Quebec;
Saint-Andre- at 300 tonnnage with Captain Guillaume Poulet. Garneau not listed this ship.
Prince Guillaume- at 200 tonnage with Captain Guillaume Heurtin
Sacrifice d’Abraham- at 300 tonnage with Captain Isaie Guyesmeux
The accomplishments of the Jesuit missionaries from 1625 to 1659 are, to say the least, minor. The failure of their mission is more than compensated for by their activities as secular colonial agents.
Three Frenchmen are killed by the Iroquois at Ville-Marie (Montreal).
February 18: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Rouillard, died June 2, 1690 daughter (I)-Antoine Rouillard dit Lariviere (1616-1666) and Marie Girard, b-1640.
March 6: Ste Genevieve, Montreal, birth (V)-Marie Angelique Plouf, Metis, Daughter (IV)-Maurice Plouf and (V)-Marie Francois, Metis, b-1730: married June 27, 1689, Quebec.
March 2, Quebec, birth (III)-Rene Pelletier, Metis, son (II)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1698) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704)
April 10: Quebec, birth (II)-Jacquelle Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married June 5, 1673, Quebec, Jean Prou.
April 15: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Chouart, died June 22, 1711, Trois Rivieres daughter (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) and (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, b-1632. Godparents are Jean Guerin and (II)-Francoise Radisson, b-1636 Metis, (1635-1677) half sister of (II)-Marguerite Radisson b-1632.
May: Monsieur de la Citiere, L’Archevesque and Herosme upset a canoe returning from the Island of Orleans in heavy gale. Two Alguonquins, Jean de Noyon, a Jesuit domestic, departed Three Rivers on an embassy to Agnie, with Tigarihogen, 4 freed Iroquois Kebec prisoners, and three ambassadors from Oneiout.
May 1: Quebec marriage (I)-Mathurin Normandin (Sauvage) son Jean Normandin and Marie Desmaisons; married Suzanne Badeau epouse July 26, 1665 Kebec Jean De Rainville, daughter (I)-Jacques Badeau d-1658 and Anne Ardouin, likely sauvage. Tanguay suggests the name Normandin is Sauvage.
May 5: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jeanne Gervaise, Metis, daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621-1699); married January 17, 1678, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Jean Dupuis.
May 22: Quebec, birth (II)-Louis Prye son (I)-Nicolas Praye (Pre, Dupre) and (II)-Mathurine Buisson
June: LaRose says the ‘Flemish Bastard’ is leading five Iroquois canoes to make war on the French.
June 9: Montreal, birth/death, (II)-Gabriel Froget, Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis;
June 16: The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), arrived in Quebec. It is more than ten years before Quebec would be made an Episcopal Sea with the Jesuit Bishop Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) as the first Bishop (1674). The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), moved into a tiny two-story stone house, twenty by thirty feet in size and shared with three priests, a valet-cook and a gardener. Bishop Laval’s mission is to assert the supremacy of Church over State.
June 22: Montreal, birth (II)-Joseph Pichard son (I)-Jean Pichard and Louise Garnier
June 29: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Anne Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); 1st married November 11, 1681, Chateau Richer, Paschal Mercier; 2nd marriage 1697, Antoine Buteau.
July 7: L’Ange Gardien, Quebec (I)-Louis Garnaud aka Garneau also Guerineau (1634-1698) and (I)-Jacques Jacquereau b-1628 acquired three arpents of land on the coast of Bowsprit (L’Ange Gardiens, Quebec) and in 1660 entrusted land to (I)-Jacques Vesinat who married Marie Bourdon
July 8: Monsieur St. Denis departed Kebec for Tadousac by canoe. Antoine des Rosiers escaped from the Onontageronons, Iroquois near Lake Ontario, and arrived at Three Rivers.
August: Lespine set out from Kebec to hunt for seals at Isle Rouge. He would return in September with 220 seals. Sieur Maheu had, this month, set out from Kebec for the cod fishery at Isle Percee. This month 54 livres of beaver skins were stolen from the warehouse at Kebec.
August: The Coureurs des Bois (I)-Medard Chouart Sieur Des Groseilliers (1618-1695/98) and his brother-in-law (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) returned to the south shore of Lake Superior to Chequamegon, Miles Lacs area of (Wisconsin).
August 1: Thirty three canoes of the Attikameg and Piskatang arrived to trade from inland, and 6 canoes of Sault (Ojibwa). They asked for some French to join them on their return home.
August 6: Six canoes of the Nation of Sault (Ojibwa) arrived at Three Rivers, traveling inland routes, and had taken five months to trade. They requested some Frenchmen accompany them on their return.
August 10: Three Rivers, Marie Sauvahesse a slave of Joseph Claude Boucher of Niverville, Three Rivers being harassed by wife and his/her mother a Marguerite Chastelin attacked the older woman with a knife. The slave retreated to the attic and hung herself..
September: L’Epine, a Frenchman, is killed at Three Rivers by the Iroquois. Monsieur Denis Mill on Cap Diamans began to grind grain. The ship St. Andre arrived at Kebec with 130 passengers. 9-10 died during the passage of contagious fever. The contagion was passed to those in the settlement and some died.
September 7: Marguerite Bourgeoys and Jeanne Mance (1606-1673) arrived at the Mission of the Mountain of Montreal with 62 men and 47 women settlers, to establish the congregation of Notre Dame.
September 12: Guillaume Routier is taken captive by the Iroquois while fishing eels at Cap Rouge.
September 14: Quebec, birth (II)-Pierre Soumande, Metis son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
September 29: Quebec, birth (II)-Louise Picard daughter (I)-Jean Picard, d-1700, and (II)-Marie Caron, d-1660.; 1st married October 4, 1673Ste Anne, Louis Gagne; 2nd marriage October 12, Cap St. Ignace, Guillaume Lemieux.
October 4/18: Quebec, birth/death (II)-Pierre Rousseau son (I)-Symphorien Rousseau (1633-1688) and Jeanne Sinnallon.
October 5: Quebec, birth (II)-Therese Poirier, died September 26, 1693, Quebec, daughter (I)-Vincent Poirier dit Bellepoire, (1628-1703) and (II)-Francoise Pinguet, died May 30, 1661, veuve Pierre Delauney: married January 21, 1681, Quebec, Mathieu Guay
October 26: Montreal, death (I)-Sylvestre Vacher dit St. Julien, b-1622, killed by the Iroquois.
October 27: Quebec, birth Louise Chevalier, Metis, died September 29, 1703, Beauport daughter Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec: married Jacques Parent
November 4: Quebec, marriage (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere b-1630, died April 22, 1704 Ste Foye, Quebec son (I)-Louise Henri Pinguet; married (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis, daughter (I)-Charles Chevalier who lived 1645 Trois Rivieres, married a sauvagesse?, but not named.
November 17: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Cordeau dit Desloriers b-1636 and Catherine Latour dit Simonet Metis (1638-1678) most likely daughter of one of the LaTour brothers.
November 25: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Volant de St. Claude, Metis, daughter (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636: married 1675, (III)-Pierre Noel Le Gardeur..
November 27: Trois Tivieres, Quebec, birth, (II)-Louis Lafleur dit Couc, Metis, voyageur, he was assassinated in 1709, going to Albany, son (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699); 1st married 1681/3, Madeleine Sacokie, (Marie Sauvagesse); 2nd marriage January 7, 1687 St. Francois-du-Lac, Yamaska, Quebec Jeanne Quiquetig8k8e or Ouigatigocon, b-1656.
December: The Governor and Bishop of New France are in a childish struggle as to who has the higher place at social functions. They even squabble over who should be incensed first at Holy Mass.
December 31: Quebec, birth/death (II)-Jacques Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645.
1660
Twenty four marriages, one hundred thirteen births and forty seven deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Pierre Martin, b-1631 farmer, married 1660, Acadia, Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, b-1644; their four Metis children: Pierre 10, Rene 8, Andre 5, Jacques 2-1/2; cattle 11, sheep 6, 8 arpents of land. (1671 census)
(II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660, Acadia, son (I)-Philippe Muis D’Entremont, (1601-1701) and (I)-Madeline Helie Du Tillet, b-1626: married 1678 Acadia Marie Mi’Kmag
(I)-Quentin Moral (1622-1686) married 1660 or earlier Marie Marguerie (1620-1700) Quentin was involved in 29 court cases at Trois Riviers.
Birth (II)-Jeanne Racine, Metis, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married November 3, 1682, Chateau Richer, Jean Pare.
Some contend the Kings daughters and French marriageable daughters began arriving this year, others suggest they started in 1663. There was a growing concern in France that the Metis descendants are outnumbering the French descendents and if something isn’t done, French would become a minority in New France.
Port Royal, Acadia, (II)-Alexander Le Borgne (1640-1693) son (I)-Emmanuel Le Borgue (1610-1675) married (III)-Marie La Tour b-1654 daughter (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) and his 3rd wife Jeanne Motin.
Pierre Martin married 1660, Acadia, Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, sauvagesse
The Jesuits claim the engage system was originated some time before this date to increase the population of Quebec. Their terms of employment were 3 years. Many of these engages became Coureurs de Bois. Engages or indentured slaves however were employed as early as 1634.
About this time, the profession of cobblers or harness makers started in Quebec. They started producing French style shoes, but the population wanted Indian footwear. They adopted the Native moccasins and high soft boots that were water resistance. The trades were not governed by statutes and regulations of French guilds, despite repeated attempts by Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) to establish such regulations.
A prerequisite for remaining in the New France colony was the acceptance of the Roman Catholic Faith. (I)-Louis Garnaud (1634-1698) had the choice to return to France or stay and accept the one and only true faith. The confirmation of (I)-Louis Garnaud is February 24, 1660 in Fort Quebec. He declared his age as being 26 and said he was from Saumur, which is south east of Angers in France. Family tradition suggests he left France due to the religious persecution, and this may account for the name change and other discrepancies in the records of this time.
When (I)-Louis Garnaud (1634-1698) arrived, the French colonies on the St. Lawrence are in desperate straits due to the Iroquois’ constant attacks, and the total population is only some two thousand people. Liquor traffic, despite Lavel’s excommunication decree, is in full swing as an important trade item. (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) and (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618-1696) are the best known traders at this time in Lake Michigan, Lake Superior and the Sault Ste Marie region. They established trading posts at Chequamegon, along the south shore of Lake Michigan. This area contained groups of displaced Wendat and Ottawa Natives, driven west by the Iroquois.
This spring the Coureurs des Bois (I)-Medard Chouart Sieur Des Groseilliers (1618-1696) and his brother-in-law (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) explored the north shore of Lake Superior near Pigeon River.
The French are aware that 300 leagues southward from the end of Lake Superior is the Bay of St. Esprit, in the Gulf of Mexico on the coast of Florida. About 200 leagues is a river that empties into the Vermillion Sea (California). It is also known that the Savages who live 60 leagues west of Lake Superior are trading with Europeans who are in the area.
(I)-Nicolas Perrot (1644-1717), son Nicolas Perrot, raised by the Jesuits, arrived in New France indentured to the Jesuits.
Meanwhile, Father (I)-Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) inspired decree established working guidelines for the Colony. The intent was to ensure the bondage of young people to land and, therefore, religion. The order is for parents of New France to see their sons married by twenty and daughters by sixteen or appear in court. The Father must appear in court every six-months until the unwed child has found a mate. Many girls promised in marriage are as young as ten or twelve. This fanatical Church Indenture Decree is to ensure the religious and economic monopoly of the Church. The following Indenture laws made this perfectly clear:
* Merchants are not permitted to hold meetings for discussion of business matters. (this is to discourage free trade thinking),
* No one could trade in foreign goods. (non French goods)
* It is illegal for townspeople to rent houses or rooms to tenants from the country; the fine being 100 livre. (to retain a peasant population)
* Licenses had to be obtained to hire domestic servants. (to keep track of single people)
* Farmers are forbidden to move into town on pain of being fined fifty livre and having all their goods and chattels confiscated. (to secure a peasant population)
* Country folk must not own more than two horses or mares and one foal. (this effectively restricting prosperity),
* People are not permitted to sit on benches in front of their houses after nine in the evening. (they are expected to pro-create)
* Prohibitions on the possession of all books, save the lives of the Saints and similar volumes of devotional nature. (to prevent freethinking).
This religiously sponsored decree and Royal supported policy, drove men into the woods (runners of the woods). The exodus was so great that, at one time, the loss to the town is a quarter of the effective population. The Indenture Decree did much to encourage the growing Voyagers and ‘Bois Brule’ (Metis) population. Many of the regulations are directly traceable to the clerical influence and their egotistical insistence of importing their ideal European beliefs and values into the New Country. The decrees forced the Voyager French to align more closely with the Native beliefs and values and away from Roman and French values.
The English under the reign of King Charles II (1660-1785) shipped convicts to the colonies, New England, Maryland, Virginia and the West Indies. These included juvenile delinquents who stole food, felons, habitual criminals and highwaymen who could save their lives if they could read. Their indenture was for seven years, then they earned their freedom. Many were also engaged the in kidnapping young boys and girls, who are spirited on board colony bound ships that are sold in bondage to recover the costs of this slave trade. Those who attempted to escape are whipped, adding months or years to their indenture. Because of King Charles II (1660-1785) persecution of the Quakers in England, severe laws are passed in every colony except Rhode Island. Quakers are whipped and imprisoned, in New York they are tortured, and in Boston, hanged.
Richelieu Island, a fort siege by 200 Iroquois that expanded to over 500, in the next 10 days of the siege. The fort fell and all the French are killed.
Kabec, 4 ships arrived, the Saint Jean at 100 tonnage from Normandie with captain Elie Raymond, a ship lands at Perce with captain Lefbvre, a ship de La Rochelle captain Pointel and a second ship de la Rochelle.
The parish Chateau Richer aka La-Visitation-de-Notre-Dame-du-Château-Richer is established this year.
The parish Hotel de Quebec is established this year.
January: Seven persons presented themselves to the Jesuits to settle in Beauport New France.
January 7: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage, (II)-Laurent Archambault, b-1642, (Metis?) b-1642, son (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married January 7, 1660, Ville-Marie (Montreal) Catherine Marchand.
January 11: Coste de Beaupre aka L’Ange Gardien, Quebec (Audourt) (I)- Louis Guerineau aka Garnaud (1634-1698) and Jean Jacquereau had entrusted to Jacques Vesinat (Vezina), by contract the ground #9 qu ils acquired by Jean Baptiste Halle on July 7, 1658 (Audouart) others suggest November 30, 1657. Ground #9 is 3 arpents by 126 arpents. (I)- Louis Guerineau aka Garnaud (1634-1698) then returned to Quebec to work.
January 31: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Prevost, Metis, son (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620; married 1680, (II)-Francoise Leblanc, b-1662 daughter (I)-Leonard Leblanc, Francoise epouse February 18, 1709, Montreal, Pierre Delorme.
February: Permission to eat eggs for this year was published everywhere. Cheese was not spoken of, permission to eat it was taken for granted, as in the case of butter. The French do not commonly like eggs unless they are soft, but the Savages declare that soft eggs are still quite raw, therefore they have them boiled hard to eat.
February 14: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Prevost, Metis, son (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Olivier Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626- 1665); married 1680, Francoise Leblanc.
February 19; Quebec, birth (II)-Vincent Vachon, Metis, died December 4, 1716, Beauport, son (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married June 25, 1685 Beauport, Louise Cadieu
February 24: Cathedral of the upper town of Quebec (I)- Louis Garnaud aka Guerineau (1634-1698) is confirmed at age 26
April: Long Sault rapids: (I)-Adam Dollard (1635-1660) with 17 Frenchmen, 44 Huron and a handful of Algonquin, were intent on ambushing an Iroquois trade canoe. They, however, encountered a 300 man Iroquois army. The Indians immediately fled, but the French fought for 7 days and tried to bomb the Iroquois. The keg of gunpowder snagged and they blew themselves up. Nine survived but were executed by the Iroquois.
April: Tadoussac, marriage (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1690) son (I)-Nicolas Pelletier and (I)-Jeanne Du Roussy b-1614; married Dorthee sauvagesse (1613-1661) Dorthee died L’Hopital de Quebec.
May: Long Sault, (I)-Hebert b-1633, d-1660, killed by the Iroquois.
May 5: Father Francois de Lavel (1623-1708), vicar apostolic, excommunicated all residents of New France who sold liquor to the Indians. In retaliation, the traders at Tadoussac tried to prevent Druillettes and Jacque Fremin from visiting the trading post.
May 21: Jean Dechamire Lecompte is killed by the Iroquois at Long Sault, Quebec.
May 25: Jean Peronne Dumesnil (d-1667) is sent to Quebec to audit all fur-trading transactions of the Company of New France since 1645. The Company is in severe financial difficulty.
June: Quebec, arrival Jean Pere, Adrien Jollet brother of Louis Jollet.
August 10: Quebec, marriage (II)-Francois Miville son (I)-Pierre Miville; 1st married August 10, 1660 Quebec, (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis, born August 19, 1636 Kabec, died August 15, 1687; 2nd marriage November 7, 1692 Riviere Ouelle, Jeanne Savonet, died March 12, 1721 Riviere Ouelle, veuve Damien Berube.
August 22/24: The Groseillier/Radisson Expedition returned to Trois Riveres with 300 men and many furs. The Jesuits reported that 100 canoes departed Lake Superior, but that 40 canoes turned back. The remaining 60 canoes contained 200,000 livres of pelts a fortune in furs. There was a great celebration by the people at Trois Rivieres upon their return. However, because they were Coureurs des Bois and not an official French expedition, the Governor imprisoned them. The popular heroes were heavily fined and their trade goods were seized. The lack of vision would cost Kebec dearly. The Hudson Bay and many of their young men who would flood to the interior as Coureurs des Bois.
September 19: Beaupre aka L’Ange Gardien, Quebec (Audourt): (I)-Louis Garnault aka Garnaud and Guerineau (1634-1698) took a lease on the ground of Jacques Vauclin dit Rose, (Jacques Vauclin Larose) ground #10 next to his and Jacques Jacquereau holding of #9.
October 12: Quebec, Marriage, (III)-Joseph Hebert, Metis, born November 3, 1636, Kebec son (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) and Helene Desportes, b-1620 epouse January 9, 1640, Kebec, Noel Morin.
November 18, Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis daughter (I)-Jean Cordeau dit Desloriers b-1636 and Catherine Latour dit Simonet Metis (1638-1678); married January 23, 1681 Quebec (I)-Jean Vincent Beriau.(1653-1715)
November 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Louis Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)- Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; believed died shortly after birth?
November 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Joseph Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)- Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; believed died shortly after birth?
November 28: Father (I)-Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) held a meeting of the church wardens and stated that Governor Pierre de Voyer Vicomte d’Argenson (1658-1661) was no longer an honorable Churchwarden; and this without having told him of it. This is likely motivated by the Governor supporting the condemnation of Father Vaillant last year. The Governor of New France informed the wardens and Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) that he had not the power to remove him. Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) whipped two children, Charles Couillard and Ignace de Repentigny, for saluting the Governor before saluting Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708).
December 10: Quebec, birth (II)-Bertrand Rate, Metis, died December 25, 1660, Quebec, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645.
1661
The mission Chateau Richer de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Thirty one marriages, one hundred fourteen births and fifty deaths are recorded in New France.
Birth (III)-Xainte Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married November 11, 1681, Chateau Richer, Thomas Fortin.
Pierre Martin, Metis, b-1661, Acadia, son Pierre Martin, b-1631 and Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, b-1644; (source 1671 census)
Trois Rivers, Quebec, birth (III)-Marie Angelique Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, died January 7, 1750, Pte du Lac, daughter (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699); married August 3, 1682, Sorel, (I)-Francois Delpee dit Saint Cerny (Singerny (Sincerni) also St. Cerny (Cerni) and also known as Montour, b-1640, died December 15, 1725, aux Trois Rivers.
Port Royal, Acadia, (III)-Jacques Le Borgne b-1661 son (II)-Alexander La Borgne (1640-1693) and (III)-Marie La Tour b-1654; married Anne Melancon.
Louis XIV (1661-1715), age 22, assumed the Royal seat in France with the regent Queen Mother Anne of Austria. (I)-Pierre Du Bois, Baron d’Avaugour (Davaugour) (died 1664), Governor of New France August 31, 1661 to July 23, 1663, is the last Governor to serve Compagnie des Centassocies. He removed restrictions on the brandy trade with the Natives so Bishop Lavel (1623-1708) had him recalled to France. It is noteworthy that Bishop Lavel (1623-1708), a Jesuit, was a political appointment to undermine the Governor’s rule using overlapping roles and responsibilities with the Governor.
(I)-Medard Chouart Sieur Des Groseilliers (1618-1695/98) a Coureurs des Bois and, with another Coureurs des Bois (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710), this year, attempted in vain to have a third expedition approved into the north west, but was refused by the Governor. This French stupidity would have profound implications on the French culture in Canada and the United States. It is noteworthy that the European culture, at this time, only allowed aristocratic gentlemen to conduct exploration and only if accompanied by a priest. This included the English, French and Spanish. They ventured to Boston in 1662 for an expedition to the Cree’s North Bay via an ocean route, but were rejected. After being rejected on all fronts, they decided to approach England. This would take a few years to achieve.
Daniel Voil, an Englishman, is executed in New France for crimes which included smuggling, witchcraft and blasphemy. New France servants posses not one political right, they are forbidden to hold public meetings without official permission or to solicit signatures to a petition.
Charles Le Moyne de Longueuil et de Chateauguay (1626-1685)
During the past two years, fifty eight settlers are killed and fifty-nine captured by the Iroquois. The Church contends that alcohol is the cause and demands the shooting of two French men and the whipping of one for selling brandy to the Natives. (I)-Charles Garnier (born 1636), and who later settled in L’Ange Gardien, is a witness to a transaction between (I)-Louis Garnaud (1634-1698) and his future neighbor, (I)-Jean Jacquereau (b-1628). The transaction is probably the acquisition of property at L’Ange Gardien that would be necessary to attract a future wife.
Photo of the Garneau homestead.
Garneau homestead The view is to the south on the St. Lawrence River.
(I)-Louis Garnaud (1634-1698) joined twenty-one farmers in the colony and tried to organize a parish at L’Ange Gardien. (I)-Louis Garnaud’s farm is very close to the Montmorency River which falls 250 feet from a former arm of the St. Lawrence River.
The following is a listing of his immediate neighbors:
(I)-Charles Garnier (b-1636) married (II)-Marie Louise Vesina and second marriage Gertrude Couillart,
Raymond Paget alias Quercy and Charles Couillart Des Islets, Is this (I)-Raymond Pagets who arrive Kebec 1619??
Jacques Marette alias Lespine (b-1631) married 1660 Marie Paget (b-1648),
(I)-Rene Brisson (b-1635) married 1665 Anne Vesina (b-1651),
Pierre Maheust Des Hazards,
(I)-Jean Trudel (b-1629) married 1655 (I)-Marguerite Thomas (b-1634),
(I)-Laurent Gignard (b-1636) married Marie Elisabeth Sorin (b-1641),
(I)-Jean Jacquereau (b-1628) married 1663 Catherine Guiot (b-1646),
(I)-Jean Clement alias Lapointe (b-1626) married 1659 Madeline Surget (b-1638),
Francis Herbert alias Le Comte De Roussy,
Pierre Gendreau alias La Poussiere,
(I)-Jacques Goulet (b-1615) married Marguerite Maillier (b-1631),
(I)-Robert De La Laberge (b-1638) married 1663 Francoise Gausse (b-1634),
(I)-Pierre Tremblay b-1626 married 1657 Ozanne Achon (b-1633). Possible son (I)-Pierre Tremblay who arrived Kebec 1619 and his son is a possible Metis?
The following settlers are no longer at L’Ange Gardien by 1680 or are recorded by another name but were part of the original settlers:
Antoine Andrieux,
(I)-Michael Henault (b-1636) married 1662 Genevieve Macre (b-1636),
Antoine Gaboury,
(I)-Antoine Lefort (b-1646) married 1666 Marie Doyon (b-1652),
Louis Lesage,
Louis Socier married 1671 Marguerite Gaillard Duplessis,
Jacques Nourry.
The savages destroy Fort Tadoussac.
Some clain Despres Coutaire was sent by Pierre de Voyer (1625-1709?), Governor of New France (1658-1661) to discover the North West Passage to India but they failed. However in 1663 Coutaire is claimed to have reached Hudson Bay and claimed it for France. I was unable to find a Coutaire in New France.
Quebec, 4 ships arrived, the Marie at 400 tonnage with captain J. Pingault, the Taureau at 150 tonnage with captain Tadourneau, the Marguerite at 300 tonnage from La Rochelle with captain Guillaume Heuron and the Saint Pierre with captain Pierre Philie.
February 2: Trois Riviers, marriage (I)-Rene Besnard dit Bourjoli, b-1658 to (II)-Marie Sedilot, b-1629, Rene was involved in 22 court cases in Trois Riviers
March 25: (I)- Louis Garnault aka Garnaud and Guerineau aka Garneau (1634-1698) yielded his lease #10 in Beaupre aka L’Ange Gardien to Pierre Nony?, others suggest to (I)-Jacques Jacquereau b-1628 for 500 pounds.
April 13: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jean Gervaise, Metis, died December 18, 1672 Ville-Marie (Montreal), son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married January 17, 1678, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Jean Dupuis.
June 7: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Antoinette Chouart daughter (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) and (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, b-1632: 1st married 1679 Jean Jalot; 2nd marriage December 19, 1695, Montreal, Jean baptiste Bouchard
June 24: d’Orleans, death (II)-Nicolas Couillard is killed on the Island d’Orleans with Mr. Jean de Lauron. Nicolas is burried with the English of Quebec.
July 13: Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Fournier, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married 1685 Barbe Girard.
July 20: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth Pierre la Moyne d’Iberville died July 9, 1706 son Charles Le Moyne de Longueuil et de Chateauguay (1626-1685) a very wealthy and influential merchant and Catherine Thierry Primot. Pierre is classified as a greedy man with a lust for conquest for personal financial gain, but is dedicated to France. During his lifetime he used cruelty and generosity as he saw fit.
August 7: Quebec, birth Francois Chevalier, Metis, died December 19, 1661, Quebec son Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec
September 26: Quebec, marriage (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Pelletier (1596-1679) and Jeanne Roussy, sauvagesse (1622-1689) (Doc Lussier suggests she is Micmac from Porty Royal); 1st married Dorthee La Sauvagesse, died April 13, 1661; 2nd marriage September 26, 1661 (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau.
September 30: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Lefebvre, Metis, died October 3, 1745, Trois Rivieres son (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married September 3, 1731, Nicolet, Marie Louise Daniau.
October 7: Quebec, Daniel Vvil was shot rather than being hung, as was La Violette.
October 10: Quebec, one Frenchman was flogged for having traded brandy to the Savages.
October 14: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Soumande, Metis son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
October 16: Quebec, birth, (IV)-Joseph Hebert, Metis, son (III)-Joseph Hebert, Metis, b-1636 and Helene Desportes, b-1620 epouse January 9, 1640, Kebec, Noel Morin.
October 18: Quebec, birth (III)-Marie Anne Pinguet, Metis, died July 12, 1687, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; married November 24, 1676 Quebec (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1751.
December 5: L’Ange Gardien, Quebec (Auber): (I)-Louis Garnault aka Garnauld and Guerineau later Garneau (1634-1698) yielded to Jean Jacquereau, his associate, then established on the ground #16, his share of work qu ils had carried out jointly on the grounds quils had together so much with the Cote de Beaupre qu a l ile dOrleans, for the sum of 500 pounds. They had ground in common on Island Orleans and with the Coste de Beaupre.
December 21/26, Quebec, birth/death (III)-Antoine Pelletier, Metis, son (II)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1698) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704)
1662
Thirty nine marriages, one hundred forty four births and thirty four deaths are recorded in New France.
Thirty seven Fillies a Marier arrived Quebec this year with no support of the King.
New France now has 3,300 permanent residents.
Starting this year commerce with New France is open to all merchants. Prior to this it was highly controlled.
Birth (II)-Marie Jeanne Chouart daughter (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) and (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, b-1632
(II)-Marie Angelique Couc, aka Caou, Metis, b-1662, died January 7, 1750 Pointe du Lac, daughter (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Miteameg8k8e (1631-1699) an Algonquine; married January 7, 1682, Sorel Francois Delpe aka St. Cerny/St. Sorny/ St. Serny
Angelique Couc dit Lafleur, Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur, (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (1631-1699) an Algonquine, she 1st married 1645 Assababich b-1620 and they had two children.
Birth (II)-Madeleine Marsolet, Metis, died February 27, 1677, daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre:
A Ville-Marie (Montreal) tribunal convicted Rene Besnard of casting a spell of impotence over his former-lover’s husband Pierre Gadois. Besnards was imprisoned. In 1665 Bishop Laval annuled the still-barren marriage of Pierre Gadois and Marie Pontonnier on the grounds of “permanent impotence caused by witchcraft”. Pierre’s 2nd wife bore him 12 children.
Father (I)-Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) departed for France to request King Louis XIV to terminate the Company of New France because, he contends, they are not adequately supporting the Roman Catholic Church. A coil of fiery serpent is seen in the sky. Later, a great ball of fire passed over the colony to the northwest. The clergy used this as a sign to entrench their religious views.
Thomas Temple (1615-1674) became Governor of Acadia ( Nova Scotia), but is forced to restore the colony to France in 1670.
The French established a small fishing settlement at Placentia, Newfoundland.
Quebec, commerce is opened to all merchants and 11 ships arrived this year, the Notre Dame de Bonne Nouvrelle at 200 tonnage with captain Jacques Jamain, the Aigle Blanc at 80 tonnage with captain Elie Raymond, the Petit Saint Jean, the Armes de Zelande at 250 tonnage with captain Janvier de Combes, the Saint Jean Baptiste at 150 tonnage with captain Guillaume Heurtin, the Flute Royale at 300 tonnage a Royale vessel with captain Guyon, the Aigle d’Or at 300 tonnage a Royal vessel with captain Nicolas Garnot dit Jambe de Bois (aka Peg Leg), the Fortune Doree at 140 tonnage with captain Francois Janot and two unnamed Royal vessels.
January: (I)- Louis Garnault aka Guerineau and Garnaud (1634-1698) is working for the account of (I)-Jacques LeRoy, an inhabitant who lived on the third ground east of Montmorency River, Quebec. This #3 ground was eventually turned over to France for unrecorded reasons.
February 23: The Ordinary or Prelate can forbid, under penalty of excommunication ipso facto, the Europeans to sell alcohol, and treat as excommunicated those who will prove disobedient and intractable.
February 27, Quebec, birth (II)-Augustin Cordeau, Metis son (I)-Jean Cordeau dit Desloriers b-1636 and Catherine Latour dit Simonet Metis (1638-1678)
May 6: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)- Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married November 14, 1679 Trois Riviers Bernard Joachim
May 16: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Prevost, Metis, died May 12, 1737, son (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620; married August 18, 1683, Beauport, Marie Anne Giroux; 2nd marriage February 3, 1712, Ste Foye, Genevieve Sedilot.
May 6: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Ursule Pepin Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)- Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married 1st Nicolas Geoggroy; married 2nd November 30, 1680 Louis Pinard
May 28; Quebec, birth (II)-Louise Vachon, Metis, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married 1679 Champlain, Leonard Paillart.
June 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Batiste Prevost, Metis, son (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Olivier Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626- 1665); married May 4, 1690, Quebec, Francoise Cadieu.
July 25: (I)- Louis Garnault aka Garnaud and Guerineau (1634-1698) went to see (I)-Laurent Denis b-1635 and borrowed 25 pounds and 15 grounds from him. From the profits he purchased 2 arpents facing LeRoy grounds to the western/south. This ground had 5 arpents of face and (I)-Jean Grignon b-1636 bought the 3 arpents remaining.
July 26:: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Martineau dit LaPile, to Claire Morin de N.-D. de Mortagne, au Perche, Normandie, France, died March 29, 1666, Quebec.. epouse November 30, 1636, Kebec (I)-Jamen Bourguignon, d-1660
July 29: Montreal, birth, (II)-Marguerite Froget, Metis, died July 26, 1704 St. Francois, Ill Jesus, daughter (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis; 1st married 1681, Montreal, Jean Muloin; 2nd marriage, 1695, Montreal Jean Berloin
August 14: Ste Familie, birth (II)-Etienne Racine, Metis, died January, 1722 Ste Anne, son of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married October 25, 1683, St. Francois, I.O., Catherine Guyon.
August 21: Quebec, marriage (II)-Jean Pelletier Metis (1647-1692) son (I)-Nicolas Peltier dit Marolles (1596-1679) and Jeanne de Voisy (Roussey) Indian/Metis (1622-1689) to Marie Genevieve Manevely De Rainville
August 25: Thirty five Iroquois attacked 14 Frenchmen on a small Island near Ville-Marie (Montreal). Monsieur Brignac and two other Frenchmen stood their ground but the other 11 fled. Brignac killed the Captain of the Iroquois on the first assault, they retreated and fired on the deserting Frenchmen killing or wounding some of them. The next assault saw Monsieur Vignal being killed and Brignac being wounded. As prisons of war Brignac was killed and Rene Fresne was adopted into the tribe.
Autumn: We saw fiery serpents, over Quebec, we beheld a great ball of fire, which illuminated the night almost with the splendor of day. This same meteor appeared over Ville-Marie (Montreal).
September 19: Quebec, marriage (I)-Laurent Du Bocq (Dubeau), b-1636, married Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, sauvagesse, died November 1, 1689, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter Joachim, de la Conception.
September 23: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671)?? to Catherine Annennontank, Huronne, Anota, Annanonis, Ananontha, b-1649, Epouse 1672 (I)- Jacques Couturier b-1646.
September 26: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671), married Catherine Kateri Annennontak (Annannontok), Huronne, sauvagesse, born October 1648 Georgian Bay, near Lake Huron, daughter Nicolas Arendanke and Jeanne Otrihoandat;. epouse July 22, 1702 Quebec, Fancois du Carreau.
October 14: Sillery, birth (III)-Marie Angelique Pelletier Metis daughter (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau; married 1st Francois Baillac; 2nd marriage May 25, 1709 Trois Rivieres Antoine De Gerlais..
November 6: Quebec, marriage (II)-Louis Cote, Metis, born October 25, 1635, d-1669, son (I)-Jean Cote d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis; and married (I)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis daughter (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoice Grenier (Garnier) d-1665, sauvagesse: Elizabeth epouse December 15, 1669, Quebec Guillaume Lemieux
December 26: Quebec, birth (II)-Jacques Rate, Metis, d-1666, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645.
1663
Sixty seven marriages, one hundred forty three births and thirty five deaths are recorded in New France.
Between (1634 to 1663) 262 Fillies a Marier, girls from France sponsored by individuals for marriage in New France were recruited
The Ursuline reported they were educating between 60-80 Indian girls as future wives of Frenchmen. Some only last a few hours, to a few days, to a few months. Some left to marry Frenchmen before their education was completed.
Rene Martin, Metis, b-1663, Acadia, son Pierre Martin, b-1631 and Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, b-1644; (1671 census)
Some suggest Father (I)-Claude Jean Allouez (1613-1689) was made governor of all Natives and Traders of the Northwest Wilderness.
Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619–83) was concerned that the French population was mainly unmarried males, many of whom interbred freely with the Indians, wasting their seeds among the pagans instead of increasing the strength of the colony. It is noteworthy that most of these Metis children went unrecorded and left in the hands of the mother for rearing.
Trois Tivieres, Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, daughter (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1665) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699).
(I)-Jean Verdon, b-1613, d-1663, Chateau Richer.
King Louis XIV issued an edict, taking all the assets of the Company of New France, making New France a Royal Province. In return, he sent hundreds of troops to deal with the Iroquois. Louis Gaudais Dupont appointed special agent for New France to take possession in the name of the King. He is commanded to take a census of New France, its economy, its lack of women and girls so that provisions can be made for sending some in coming years. The Hundred Associates, this year, abandon their seigniorial rights to the French crown.
King Louis XIV established a Superior Council of Quebec to resolve pressing problems, being composed of the governor, a senior cleric and five others whom they will choose jointly, and an Attorney General to be governed by the laws of the Kingdom. The council can establish lower courts at Quebec, Three Rivers and Ville-Marie (Montreal). Augustin de Saffray Mezy (1663-65) is appointed Governor.
The French King Louis XIV, himself, nominated the Bishop of New France as part of his campaign to bring the Roman Catholic Church under his control. This is a reaction to the previous Jesuit rule of both France and New France.
The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), lost his power and the authority to appoint members to the Sovereign Council of New France. As a result, his influence declined and his attendance at Council became less frequent. He lost this privilege because he squabbled with the Governor of New France and had been trying to regain Jesuit power in the colony over temporal matters.
Augustin de Mezy de Saffray is appointed Governor of New France.
A Ville-Marie (Montreal) resident was fined 10 livres for plowing in plain view on a Sunday.
Seventeen ‘Young Ladies’ (Filles du Roi) arrived in Quebec this year.
(I)-Marie Mazoue (1644-1703) baptized a Calvinist La Rochelle, Aunis, France daughter Etienne Mazoue and Marie Merand departed La Rochelle, Aunis, France (Charente Maritime). Her dowry of four hundred pounds included three hundred pounds from her godmother, Marie Flacquemesle. Her dowry suggests a high probability that she is one of the King’s Daughters or Fillies du Roi.
It is noteworthy that the term ‘Filles du Roi’ was not used at this time and likely became popular about 1700. At this time they were called ‘girls’ or ‘young ladies’
King’s Daughters The King’s Daughters are defined, by some, as the period of 1663 to 1673, where the King provided dowry for poor or adventurous young girls, some as young as sixteen, who would immigrate to New France. This is likely based on the doubling of the number of marriages of this year over last year (39 vs 67). Others suggest this practice started in 1660 rather than 1663. The Jesuit Relations suggest girls or young ladies were being sent to New France as early as 1639. Jean Baptiste Cilbert ordered the scouring of orphanages for robust girls of good character as filles du Roi for Kebec.
The reality of the times, these early young ladies of the King (Filles du Roi) were gathered from the streets of Paris and other towns. The program was to sweep clean the streets of homeless woman. Female criminals, prostitutes, orphans and the poor were gathered up for export to New France.
However, some suggest that before1660, the girl’s relatives paid the dowry and the girls were known as filles des marier or marriageable daughters. Others suggest few girls actually received the promised dowry. The estimate, including the Kings daughters, is that four thousand eight hundred and ninety four girls arrived from 1608 to 1700 in New France. The Kings daughters were to receive a dowry of one hundred livres (only 5 of 606 sampled received this amount), ten for personal and moving expenses, thirty for clothing and sixty for passage. Included is a hope chest filled with necessities such as needles, thread and cloth. The records indicate that the Province of origin of the eight hundred and fifty two Fillies du Roi, who arrived during 1663 to 1673, was as follows:
314 Ide De France 5 Brie
153 Normandy 5 Berry
86 Aunis 5 Auvergne
43 Champange 4 Limousin
38 Poitou 3 Angoumois
22 Anjou 3 Provence
22 Beauce 3 Savoie
19 Maine 2 Franche-Comte
19 Orleanais 2 Gascogne
This year there are six bachelors for every girl of marrying age, 12 years or older, in the colony. The average age of the men is 22.2 years. The statistics are 67 marriages, 143 births, 35 deaths and 108 excedant (single or surplus) in New France. (I)-Marie Mazoue (1644-1703) arrived with thirty King’s girls between the ages of twelve and forty-five. It is the custom to deport any pregnant girl who arrived. The Priests and Notaries are on hand with the expectation that the girls will select her husband upon arrival. Given the shortages of women, the men are on their best behavior, and extensive questioning takes place as to their economic status with health being a priority. (I)-Marie Mazoue (1644-1703), age 19, with her dowry of four hundred and fifty pounds, could be more discerning as to his character, beliefs and values, as was her priority. She could afford to select a young man.
The men’s preference is for peasant girls because they are healthy and industrious. The men prefer the plumpest girls first. They overlook a bad complexion or squint if the figure is buxom, as this is considered a sign of fertility. The marriage follows selection, priests being on hand to conduct the ceremony and notaries to make out the necessary papers. The State gives each couple an ox, cow, two pigs, a pair of chicken, two barrels of salted meat and eleven crowns in money.
The Filles du Roi first question was about the Suitor’s home, finances, land and occupation. Marie de I’lincarnation says: “The smarest [among the suitors] began making an habitation one year before getting married, because those with an habitation find a wife easier. It’s the first thing that the girls ask about, wisely at that, since those who are not established suffer greatly before being comfortable.” The average interval between arrival and marriage is four to five months, although the average interval for girls aged 12 to 16 was slightly longer than fifteen months.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1663 and entered into contract of marriage
Marie-Anne Agatha, married. Armand, Laurent,
Mary Albert, married. Jean Chauveau, dit Lafleur,
Marguerite Ardion, b-1638, a protestant, a widow and child Laurent Beaudet, married Jean Rabouin.
Catherine Barré, married. Nicolas Roy
Catherine De Boisandré, married . Marc-Antoine Gobelin dit Cinq-Mars, said his name was Cinq-Mars
Francoise Brunet, b-1635, widow 1st married 1654 Martin Durand, came with two children, married 1663 Theodore Sureau dit Elder
Louise Charrier, married. Guillaume (William) Baret,
Marie-Madeleine De Chevrainville, said Lafontaine, married. Joseph-Isaac Lamy,
Helen Dufiguier, married. Jacques Fournier, Sieur Delaville,
Catherine Dupuis, married. Charles Martin,
Mary Faucon, married Guillaume Chartier; 2nd marriage 1708 François Jocteau,
Anne Labbé, Anne married. Guillaume Gilles, (in France), 2nd marriage 1663 Marc Girard,
Marie Lafaye, married. Rene Emond,
Catherine Fievre, married. Charles Allaire, Charles,
Louise Gargotten , b-1637, married Daniel Perron dit Suire
Anne Lemaître, married. Adrien Blanquet dit La Fougère,
Susan De Licerace, married. Michel Bisson, dit Amos, said his name was Amos
Francoise Moisan, married. Antoine Brunet, Antoine, dit Belhumeur, said his name is Belhumeur; 2nd marriage 1707, Pierre Perthuis, dit Lalime, said his name is Lalime,
Marguerite Moitié, married. Joseph-Élie Gauthier,
Catherine Paulo b-1645, married Etienne Canpeau
Marguerite Peuvier, b-1640, married Jacques Meneux dit Chateauneuf; 2nd marriage 1696 Guillaume Lizot
Catherine Pillant, b-1650, married Pierre Charon dit Ducharme
Marie Targer, married Jean Royer; 2nd marriage 1676 Robert Tourneroche,
Masthurine Thibault, married. Jean Milot, dit Bourguignon,
Marie Valade b-1647, married Jean Baptiste Cadieux; 2nd marriage 1682 Philippe Boudier,
Populating this list it is fairly obvious that records compiled in France did not accompany the girls. Some created a family name upon arrival because they didn’t possess one or didn’t know it or they created it during the promise of marriage phase. Place of birth was also created in some cases. The names of some husbands was also created during the process.
Roomers persist that some of the King’s girls are the prostitutes of France. The authorities continue to deny this claim. If they behave badly on the trip over, they are sent back, But in reality few, if any, are returned. Many poor girls, however, are sent against their wishes.
Once married, women were the property of her husband. She could never get a divorce, and could not get a separation unless he beat her with a stick thicker than his wrist. For all intent and purpose, she was a slave. The savages thought this practice was barbaric and belittled women, the givers of life.
The population of New France is two thousand, five hundred, of whom eight hundred are in Fort Quebec. This is an increase of only 500 over the past ten years.
The Church, at this time, also held about one tenth of the seigniorial lands in the St. Lawrence valley.
Quebec becomes the capital city of New France.
January 7: Three suns are seen in the sky at once over New France.
January 15: Three suns are again seen in the sky at once over New France.
January 24: Quebec, La Badaude’s house was robbed, and the thief, Larose, set fire to it to conceal his crime; he was convicted and hanged. Several other thieves were found out, but few were punished.
February 5: Just before the Great Earthquake, Quebec was in carnival, orgies, drinking bouts, and dances, not to speak of some things more serious, which may offend chaste ears and are better passed over in silence than mentioned. Heaven and earth have spoken to us many times during this year.
February 5, 5:30P.M.: A great earthquake, centered near the mouth of the Saguenay River, shook the whole country, and some people thought the world was about to end. The priests used this natural phenomenon as a sign to align the people with their beliefs and values. Father (I)-Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673) wrote: “Mountains were swallowed up, forests were changed into great lakes, rivers disappeared, thunder rumbled beneath our feet, which belched forth flames.” The Savages say: “All the woods were drunken.” Pikes and lances of fire were seen, waving in the air. At Three Rivers: The first and severest of all the shocks began with a rumbling like that of thunder, the house were shaken like tree tops during a storm, amid a noise that made people think there was a fire crackling in their garrets. Both shores of the St. Lawrence River for 300 miles are strewn with uprooted trees. The first shock lasted 1/2 hour and was felt beyond Ville-Marie (Montreal) to Acadia and New England. The after shocks continued for more than 6 months, well into August, some suggested until September 9. Not a person lost his life or even his earthly possessions.
The shocks which continued for months and, in September (some say December, see note end 1663), an eclipse of the sun are used by Father Jerome Lalemant to a revival of piety. Lalwmant also used this natural phenomena to terrorize the Savages.
February 20: (I)- Louis Garnault aka Garnaud and Guerineau (1634-1698) at age 29 became sedentary on the territory of the Coste de Beaupre, that was later called the Guardian Angel.
February 24: Quebec, birth Jean Chevalier, Metis, son Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec: married February 25, 1686 Beauport, Marie Madeleine Lvisse
February 24: The French Crown acquired all assets of the Company of New France, making New France a Royal Colony.
April 17: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Francoise Volant de St. Claude, Metis,died July 1663. Trois Rivieres, daughter (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636.
April 22, Quebec, birth (III)-Jean Pelletier, Metis, d-1739 son (II)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1698) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); married January 8, 1689, Riviere Ouelle, (II)-Marie Anne St. Laurent Huot born January 6, 1666 Riviere Ouelle veuve Louis Garnaut.
May 1: Augustin de Saffray de Mezy is appointed Royal Governor of New France from September 15, 1663 to May 5, 1665.
May 7: Louis Gaudais Dupont is appointed special commissioner for New France to take possession in the name of the King.
May 29: Sieur de Beaulier and his valet is burned to death in his home on the Island de Orleans being set by another valet who was convicted. It was ordered that his hand be cut off, and to be hanged and burnt, which was carried out June 8.
June: Quebec, (I)-Marie Mazoue also Masoue, (1644-1713) arrived Quebec in the Phoenix de Flessingue ship of 200 barrels. She was a girl of the King and had an estimated 150 pounds, plus a gift from her godmother of 300 pounds.
June 2: Quebec, (I)-Jacques Gourdeau b-1614 or 1624, was assonated and his house burned downed to hide the murder.
June 18: Quebec, birth (III)-Francoise Miville. Metis, died December 6, 1727Cap St. Ignace, daughter, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687; married November 16, 1680 Cap St. Ignace, Pierre Richard.
June 24: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis, baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal); 1st married November 21, 1686 (II)-Laprairie Jeanne Leber b-1671, died December 4, 1687 Laprairie daughter (I)-Jean Leber: 2nd married April 21, 1688 Laprairie (II)-Louise Caron b-1671, died April 13, 1703 Ville-Marie (Montreal),daughter (I)-Claude Caron; 3rd marriage August 27, 1703 Laprairie (II)-Marie Catherine de Poitiers, b-1671 died January 22, 1745 Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Poitiers.
July 5: Father (I)-Rene Menard (1605-1661) party of 7 Frenchmen reached Ville-Marie (Montreal) with 35 canoes and 150 men with furs to trade. Father Menard and Jean Guerin, d-1662, died on this expedition.
July 9: Quebec, (I)-Louis Garnaud aka Garnault and Guerineau, (1634-1698) seeking a wife meets (I)-Marie Mazoue also Masoue, (1644-1713) and signed a marriage contract
July 17: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Fournier, Metis, died October 8, 1664, Quebec, daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637:
July 21: Father Claude Allouez (1622-1689) is assigned Vicar General of the Quebec diocese which includes the central region of America.
July 23: Marie Mazoue (1644-1703) had selected Louis Garnaud (1641-1698) to begin the Garneau ancestry as recorded by the Notary Guillaume Audouart. They moved to Coste de Beaupre aka Garden Angel.
July 31: Sillery. birth (III)-Jean Francois Xavier Pelletier Metis, killed November 2, 1692 by Iroquois, son (II)-Jean Pelletier Metis (1647-1692) and Marie Genevieve Manevely De Rainville; married May 7, 1685 Sorel, Genevieve Le Tendre
August 15: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Joseph Cloutier, Metis, died April 7, 1671, Chateau Richer, son (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699);
September: A ship arrived from France with Commissioner Louis Gaudais Dupont and 159 settlers who were indentured for three years, sixty settlers had died at sea.
September 1: A solar eclipse is noted at Quebec.
September 18: The Conseil Souverain (Sovereign Council) of New France is established, consisting of the Royal Governor, Bishop and five councilors.
September 19: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Madeleine Cote, Metis, died August 25, 1689 Cap Ste Ignace, daughter (II)-Louis Cote d-1669 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis b-1645: married November 26, 1682 Cap St. Ignace, Louis Lemieux.
September 22: Thirty-six girls (some claim the first group of Filles du Roi) arrived Quebec.
September 28: The Sovereign Council banned the sale of liquor to Indians.
October 2: A ship from Normandy brings 82 girls and women, and one hundred and thirty laboring men.
October 7: Jean Baptiste Legardeur de Repentigny is appointed the first Mayor of Quebec.
October 20: Kebec, marriage (I)-Catherine De Boisandre, (1640-1685), a Filles du Roi to (I)-Marc Antoine Gobelin dit Cinq Mars.
October 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Catherine Barre, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Nicolas Roy
October 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marie Lafaye, (1633-1708) a Filles du Roi to (I)-Rene Emond, b-1636
October 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marie Madeleine De Chevrainville dite Lafontaine, b-1650, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Joseph Isaac Lamy, b-1640
October 23: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Marguerite Le Peuvrier, b-1638, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jacques Meneux dit Chateauneuf, b-1639; 2nd marriage Lizot Guillaume
October 24: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Marguerite Moitie (1648-1701) a Filles du Roi to (I)-Joseph Elie Gauthier (1626-1700)
October 24: Kebec, marriage (I)-Helene Dufiguier, b-1644, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jacques Fournier, sieur Delaville, b-1633
October 26: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marie Anne Agathe, d-1700, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Laurent Armand.
October 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marguerite, b-1643, a Filles du Roi arrived with her son (II)-Laurent Beaudet, married (I)-Jean Rabouin (1637-1707)
October 29: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marie Albert, b-1645, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jean Chauveau dit Lafleur, b-1635
November 2: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Marie Targer, b-1641 a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jean Royer, b-1636 (epouse 1st Madeleine Du Bois): epouse February 16, 1676 Ste Famille, Roberta Tourneroche
November 7: Kebec, marriage (I)-Anne Le Maitre (veuve Louis Le Roy), b-1617, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Adrien Blanquet dit La Fougere, b-1604
November 8: Kebec, marriage (I)-Francoise Brunet, d-1677 (veuve Martin Durand), a Filles du Roi to (I)-Theodore Sureau, d-1677.
November 10: Kebec, marriage (I)-Catherine Fievre, b-1645, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Charles Allaire aka Alaire, b-1635.
November 12: Kebec, marriage (I)-Louise Menacier, b-1638 a Filles du Roi to (I)-Toussaint Ledran (1638-1711)
November 19: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Louise Charrier (Charier), a Filles du Roi to (I)-Guillaume Baret
November 19: Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy (1596-1670) is appointed Lieutenant General of all French territories in North and South America.
November 23: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Anne Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645; married November 23, 1683, St. Pierre, I., Ignace Gosselin.
November 24: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Louis Gervaise, Metis, son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married November 25, 1686, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Barbe Pigeon daughter (I)-Pierre Pigeon.
November 26: Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Jean Crevier Sieur Duvernet-Duvernay, Metis b-1642 son (I)-Christophe Crevier and Jeanne Enard Metis b-1619; married (II)-Marguerite Hertel daughter (I)-Jacques Hertal (1630-1651) and Marie Harguerine d-1700
November 26: Kebec, marriage (I)-Mathurine Thibault, a Filles du Roi to Jean Milot dit Bourguignon
November 26: Ville Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Marie Valade, b-1644, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jean Cadieux, (1634-1681): epouse February 9, 1682, Montreal, Philippe Boudier
November 28: Ville Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Catherine Dupuis aka Dupay, b-1644, a Filles du Roi to (II)-Charles Martin , b-1644
November 28: Ville Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Francoise Moisan, b-1645, a Filles du Roi to (II)-Antoine Brunet dit Belhumeur, b-1644: 2nd marriage February 13, 1707 Pierre dit Lalime
November 28: Montreal, marriage (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 son (I)-(II)-Pierre Martin and Madeleine Panis (slave); married 1st Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier.
November 28: Young Ladies (Fillies du Roi) are not allowed to marry at their leisure, and the priests are forbidden to slow down marriages for fear that some are not free and of a marriageable state.
December 1: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Jean Trepie.
December 2: Sillery birth (III)-Francoise Pelletier Metis son (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau; married May 2, 1689 Champlain Madeleine Thunes.
1663
QUEBEC, NEW FRANCE
Kebec, New France marriage (I)-Louis Garnaud aka Garnault and Guerineau, is born 1634, La Grimaudiere, Vienne, France, died April 2, 1698, L’Ange Gardien, New France, son of Pierre Garnault and Jeanne Barault (Barrault) of Grimaudiere, Leveche De (Vienne) Poitiers, Anjou, France.
Married; July 23, 1663, Quebec, New France, (I)-Marie Mazoue also Masoue, born, December 3, 1644, baptized December 8, 1644 La Rochelle, Aunis, France, died, June 19, 1713, L’Ange Gardien, New France. Daughter: of Etienne Mazoue and Marie Merand of La Rochelle, Aunis, France. Sources: (Voy., Vol. I, P252), Tanguay & Cyrrien, The French Canadians 1600-1900 (PQ441-252) & November 14, 1681 census C-2474 Seigneurie de Beaupre. Dictionnaire Genealogique des Families du Quebec. She was a junior of a family of 7 children. Her father died when she was age 9 and her mother when she was age 18.
Events:
1656 Louis arrived Fort Kebec.
1660 February 24 Louis is confirmed at Kebec.
1661 Louis joined the L’Ange Gardien, New France colony.
1663 Marie arrived Fort Quebec.
1713 June 19, inventory of Louis possessions.
1715 October 4, inventory of Marie possessions.
EIGHT CHILDREN ARE RECORDED:
(II)-Francois Garnaud, born, September 28, 1665, at Chateau Richer, New France, married, February 7, 1689, at L’Ange Gardien, New France a (II)-Louise Carreau, born, April 18, 1664, Quebec, New France, daughter (I)-Louis Carreau alias Lafraicheur, born 1621 who arrived from Bordeaux, France and married, April 30, 1654, Fort Quebec an (I)-Jeanne Lerouge, born 1625, died March 9, 1696.
(II)-Louis Garnaud, born, April 2, 1670, died, October 6, 1750, and married, April 14, 1692, all at L’Ange Gardien, New France to (II)-Marie Anne Huot, born, May 14, 1674, died, March 4, 1703, at L’Ange-Gardien, New France; daughter (I)-Mathurin Huot, born 1646, D’Angers, Anjou, France, died 1712 and (II)-Marie Letartre, born 1653.
(II)-Louis Garnaud second marriage, June 25, 1705, at Beauport, New France a (II)-Marguerite Catherine Soulard (Miville), born, March 13, 1669, (elle espouse 1696 Pierre Vachon); daughter (I)-Jean Soulard, born 1646, died 1710 married 1666 a
(II)-Catherine Boutet, born 1637, (widow Charles Philippeau).
(II)-Anonyme-1 Garnaud, was born and died, January 29, 1671, at Chateau Richer, New France.
(II)-Charles Garnaud, was born, August 9, 1671, at L’Ange Gardien, New France and assumed to have been still born.
(II)-Anonyme-2 Garnaud, was born and died, October 7, 1673, at L’Ange Gardien, New France.
(II)-Jean Garnaud was born, October 9, 1676, at L’Ange Gardien, New France, died, November 27, 1749, at Charlesbourg, New France, married, April 8, 1698, at L’Ange Gardien, New France a (II)-Louise Huot, born, December 20, 1679, L’Ange-Gardien, New France, died, July 7, 1730, Charlesbourg, New France; daughter (I)-Mathurin Huot born, 1646 and (II)-Marie Letartre born,
1653.
(II)-Jean Garnaud second marriage, March 7, 1735, at Charlesbourg, New France a (III)-Marie Ursule Martin, born, August 27, 1707, daughter (II)-Antoine Martin, born 1654 and married 1699 a (II)-Marie Bonet, born 1677; (Ursule second marriage, November 23, 1750 at Charlesbourg, New France a Charles Corvaosier).
(II)-Louis Garnaud is born, March 23, 1678, at L’Ange Gardien, New France and probable marriage about 1710 Beauceville, New France.
(II)-Jacques Garnaud, born, May 1, 1679, died, July 15, 1711, and married October 6, 1701 all at L’Ange Gardien, New France a (III)-Angelique Trudel, born, August 4, 1682, L’Ange-Gardien, New France, daughter (II)-Pierre Trudel, born 1658 and married 1680 a (II)-Francoise Le Francois, born 1663; Angelique second marriage, November 23, 1711, a Jacques Huot at L’Ange Gardien, New France.
(I)-Louis and Marie Garnaud immediately departed for L’Ange-Gardien in the parish of Chateau Richer. There is no church at L’Ange-Gardien. L’Ange Gardien is located between the rivers Montmorency and Petit Pre that is about ten miles north east of Quebec city on the north side of the St. Lawrence river. This colony claimed to have existed since 1570, but it must have been a wintering or unauthorized trading location.
Meanwhile, (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) and (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?), with three hundred canoe loads of northern pelts, returned to Fort Quebec. These prominent Coureurs des Bois are arrested and fined by the Governor and their furs are seized. They had been refused permission to trade in 1661 unless they gave one half of all future trading profits to the monopoly. This gross act of free trade suppression would ultimately lead to the creation of the Hudson Bay Company by (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?) and the ultimate loss of New France to England. Groseillier immediately departed to France to request an over turning of the New France trade decision, but he got a cold shoulder in France. As a result, a directive effectively placed the Metis and French free traders- those Coureurs des Bois- to the status of criminals.
The Jesuits ousted the Recollects from New France because of their humility. The Jesuits now exercised a complete religious monopoly and, now, had a better chance to control the trade. When the King hears of this treachery he would restore them in 1668. As a result of this tampering, the King decreed he would appoint future Bishops to New France. The Company of New France, deemed a complete failure by King Louis, surrendered its charter in 1663. The Royal Government of France replaced it, remaining the same until New France fell in 1760.
Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) is again made Governor of Three Rivers (1663-1665).
(I)-Augustin de Saffray, chevalier de Mezy, died May 5, 1665, is appointed Governor of New France from September 15, 1663 to May 5, 1665. His rule was undermined by the Jesuits who politically appointed Bishop Lavel (1623-1708) with overlapping roles and responsibilities with the Governor. The Jesuits considered Mezy as a violent and arbitrary ruler. Had Mezy survived, he likely would have labeled the Jesuit Bishop Lavel as more political than religious. History would verify this predominant role of the Jesuits.
“I just visited you site and the sun eclipse which followed the February earthquake did not happen in December but rather on 1 September 1663. It is specified in a letter from Mother Marie de L’Incarnation to her son (was married before entering the convent) in which she says she was ready to die when the earthquake happened. The letter is dated 1 September 1663 and it finishes abruptly like this (quoted by memory) : “I have to close this letter to watch the sun eclipse just starting; it is 1:00 p.m.” With a reliable astronomy software called Red Shift 3, I could reproduce the eclipse for Quebec City and it started at 1:10 p.m. I could also check other eclipses described even in antiquity (namely 28 May -585 in now Turkey said to have stopped a war) and the reproduction is really neat.” Source Denis Hamel of Ville-Marie (Montreal), Quebec.
Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619–83), a French statesman who took over direction of colonial affairs, strongly opposed French westward expansion. He considered the clergy as a group of parasites. (I)-Jean Talon, Intendant of New France (1625/26-1694), had proposed the establishment of a vast French Empire from the St. Lawrence to Florida and Mexico. Colbert argued it would be poor policy to depopulate France in order to populate Canada. Colbert wrote that to strengthen the colony is to cause justice to reign, to establish a good civil administration, to take care of the settlers, to give them peace, tranquility and abundance, and to train them to defend themselves against all manner of foes; for these are the basis and foundation of every establishment. Colbert had misgivings in allowing Canadians to trade, as he feared the habitants would remain idle a good part of the year, whereas if they were not allowed to engage in it, they would be obliged to apply themselves to cultivating their land.
Autumn: The Agniehronnon (Iroquois) captured two Frenchmen out hunting from Three Rivers, but they eventually escaped to tell their tales. The Iroquois do most of their trade for fire-arms, powder and lead with the Dutch at New Holland.
1664
Thirty eight marriages, two hundred four births and thirty eight deaths are recorded in New France.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1664 and entered into contract of marriage
Marie-Madeleine Boutet, married. Gervais Bisson, , le 15 septembre, 1664 Bisson, Gervais,
Madeline Carbonnet, married. Sédilot, (Stephan) Étienne, dit Desnoyers, said his name is Desnoyers
Francois Charron, no marriage in 1664
Claude De Mangeon married. Thomas Lesueur dit Lagrandeur, said his name Lagrandeur,
Joan Dodier, married. Adrien (Adrian) Joliet, Sieur de Chansenaye; 2nd marriage 1672 Antoine Baillargé; 3rd marriage 1674 Mathurin Normandin dit Beausoleil, said his name is Beausoleil
Margaret Gaillard, said her name was Duplessis, married. Francois Provost,
Margaret Gambier, married Michel. Legardeur dit Sanssoucy, said his name was Sanssoucy,
Louise Gargottin, married. Daniel Perron dit Suire, said his name is Suire; 2nd marriage 1679 Charles-Louis Alain,
Anne Gendreau, married. René Leduc,
Margaret Gaillard, said her name is Duplessis, married François Provost; 2nd marriage 1671 Louis Saucier; 3rd marriage 1677, Michel Legardeur dit Sanssoucy, said his name is Sanssoucy
Françoise Huché, married Guillaume Bonhomme,
Joachine Lafleur, married Pierre Martin,
GenevièveLaurence, b-1643, married. Adrien Michelon; 2nd marriage 1681, Jean Journet dit Guespin, said his name is Guespin
Jacqueline Lauvergnat, married, Pierre Gaulin, Pierre; 2nd marriage 1679 Marc Bareau,
Jacquette Ledoux, married Jacques Grimault; 2nd marriage 1668 Marc Tessier, Marc,
Anne Lépine, married François Boucher dit Vin d’Espagne,
Anne Loiseau, married. Guillaume Gendron dit La Rondière, told his name is Rondiere; 2nd marriage 1688, Charles Lemoine dit Charleville, said his name is Charleville
Marthe Ragot, married Louis Samson,
Jeanne Repoche, married Jérôme Bilodeau,
Marie Repoche, married Julien Jamin,
Marie-Sainte Vié dite Lamotte said her name is Lamotte, married Jean Poitras
(I)-Pierre Artaut, Sieur de la Tour, b-1630 married 1664 Trois Rivieres, Louise Sauvagesse, b-1621
Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Nicolas Crevier dit Bellerive Metis son (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married 1664 Trois Rivieres, Louise Leloutre, b-1648
(I)-Francoise Charron a Filles du Roi arrived Quebec 1664.
Port Royal, Acadia, (III)-Anne Le Borgne b-1664 daughter (II)-Alexander La Borgne (1640-1693) and (III)-Marie La Tour b-1654; married Jacques Muis, sieur de Poubomcou.
Quebec, marriage, (I)-Genevieve Laurence, b-1643, a Filles du Roi to 1st (I)-Adrien Michelon (1644-1681): 2nd September 9, 1681 Quebect, Jean Jorunet, dit Guespin.
Central L’Ange Gardien had the following settlers from 1664 to 1680 and appears to have been Church controlled Seigniorial land during this period. The settlers from west to east are:
(I)-Jean Clement alias Lapointe (b-1626) married Madeline Surget (b-1638) farming 2 arpent,
(I)-Pierre Boivin (b-1646) married 1664 Etienne Fafard (b-1652) farming 2 arpent,
(I)-Nicholas Quentin alias La Fontaine (b-1633) married 1660 Madeline Roulois (b-1646) farming 4, arpent, north of Nicholas; 8 arpent was farmed by de Louis Couillart de Lespinay,
Joseph Guion farming 5 arpent, Francois Herbert alias Le Comte de Roussy farmed 3 arpent,
(II)-Charles Letartre (b-1657) married Marie Maheu born 1663 and also living here (I)-Mathurin Huot (b-1646) married 1671 Marie Letartre (b-1653) farming 2 arpent,
(II)-Rene Letartre (b-1627) married 1652 Louise Goulet (b-1626) farming 2 arpent,
(II)-Nicholas Roussin married Madeleine Pardis (b-1653) farming 1.7 arpent, which also included the first chapel,
North of Herbert, Letartre’s and Roussin; 8.7 arpent farmed by de Guillaume Couillart Des Chesnes,
(I)-Daniel Perron alias Suire married 1664 Louise Gargottine and his heirs farming 3 arpent,
Pierre Genfreau alias La Poussiere and his heirs farming 3 arpent and this property included the second church site,
(I)-Jacques Goulet (b-1615) married Marguerite Maillier (b-1631) farming 3, arpent,
(I)-Robert de Laberge (b-1638) married 1663 Francoise Gausse (b-1634) farming 3 arpent,
North of Perron, Gendreau, Goulet and Laberge; 12 arpent farmed by (I)-D’Olivier Le Tardif married 1637 (II)-Louis
Couillart (b-1625),
Dennis Guion farming 3.5 arpent,
Charles Godin farming 2.5 arpent,
North of Guion, Godin; (II)-Guillemette Herbert (b-1608) (E’P G. Couillart, died 1663),
(II)-Nicholas Roussin married 1668 Madeleine Pardis (b-1653) farming 3 arpent,
(I)-Jean Roussin married Madeline Gigueres and second marriage 1655 Marie Lessard farming 2 arpent,
North of Roussin’s; Francois Bissot married (II)-Marie Couillart (b-1633) (E’P Francois Bissot) second marriage
Marie 1675 Jacques de Lalande,
Guillaume Paget farming 2 arpent,
(I)-Jean Mathieu (b-1637) married 1669 Anne Dutertre (b-1654) farming 4 arpent.
At this time the colonists rarely bathe, believing a bath would cause colic, headaches and vertigo. This European tradition usually resulted in a May bath with June weddings before they started to smell too bad. The brides carried a bouquet of flowers to hid the body odor. Both male and female wore sachets of dried flowers for the same purpose. The natives bathed fairly often and couldn’t understand this strange practice of the French. Some said you could smell an European before you could see him. The savages had another custom to washing themselves before a meal, with the notion that, if they failed to do so, they would transgress rules absolutely necessary for obtaining success in hunting.
The French court was told most of the Quebec population were mainly unmarried males, many of whom interbred freely with the savages, wasting their seed among the pagans, instead of increasing the strength of the colony. Most of these Metis offspring are absorbed into the Indian population and are not recorded in the French records. This situation led to the filles du roi program of sending orphan girls, daughters of debtors, streetwalkers and runaway wives to New France. Only fifteen out of the first 150 could not find husbands and ended up in domestic service.
The first history of Canada, ‘Historia canadensis’ was published this year in Paris, France.
Maryland passed the “black code” which declared that any Negro in the colony was a slave for life by virtue of his color. This conflicted with Church doctrine that stated only pagans could be enslaved and must be released when baptized.
The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), established tithe to the church of Canada at 1/20 of the labor of men (cultivation of the soil), but the fur trade is naturally excluded.
The New France Colony begs France to send an army to deal with the Iroquois who now control the St. Lawrence River system. The King agrees that the Iroquois must be exterminated.
The denier tournois along with the copper double liard, the denier was one of the predominant coins in circulation in New France up to the 1660′s. The denier, although rated at 1 denier in France, circulated as a 2 denier piece in New France. The merchants saw a chance for a quick profit and imported these coins in large quantities. This resulted in an over supply prompting the government of Quebec to ban the denier altogether in 1664. The Order of the Sovereign Council which demonetized the denier allowed the double tournois to remain in circulation but reduced its value to 1 denier to curb its excessive importation. It had formally circulated at 4 deniers in New France. The liard had circulated as a 6 deniar coin and this was devalued to a 2 denier coin to discourage its excessive importation.
Parish of Beauport aka La Native de Notre Dame de Beauport is established this year
Parish of Cap de la Madeleine aka Ste. Marie Madeleine du Cal de la Madeleine is established this year
January 22: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jeanne Dodier a Filles du Roi to 1st (I)-Adrien Jolet sieur de Chansenaye: 2nd 1672 Antoine Baillarge
February: A Savage named Robert Hachel ravished a young woman whom he met on the road, due to drunkenness.
February 4: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jeanne Repoche, b-1646, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jerome Bilodeau, b-1638
February 11: Quebec, marriage (I)-Joachine La Fleur, a Filles du Roi, to (I)-Pierre Martin, d-1711
February 26: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Louise Gargottin, a Filles du Roi to 1st. (I)-Daniel Perron dit Suire: 2nd January 7, 1679, L’Ange Gardien, Charles Louis Alain:
February 26: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marthe Ragot (Ragu), (1632-1693), a Filles du Roi to (I)-Louis Sampson (1638-1724)
March: The English by order of James Promptly under command of Richard Nicolls sent an army, to reduce the Dutch Colony to obedience. Thus ended the Dutch influence by the capture of New Amsterdam (New York).
March 12: King Charles II granted the territory between the St. Croix River and the Kennebec River to James, Duke of York.
April 21: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Jacqueline Lauvergnat, b-1637, a Filles du Roi to 1st Pierre Gaulin (1630-1677; 2nd epouse Marc Bareau
April 21: Quebec, marriage (I)-Anne Lepine, b-1637, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Francois Boucher dit Vin d’Espagne, b-1637
May 17: Quebec, birth (II)-Louise Soumande, Metis, died November 28, 1708, Quebec, daughter (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
May 28: The Company of The West Indies, organized by Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683), is created this date to exploit the resources of the French Colonial possessions. These include Acadia, Newfoundland, the mainland from north of Canada to Virginia and Florida, as far and as deep as they could extend to the interior. Besides full seigniory and proprietorship is included a monopoly on the fur trade.
June: Thirty six (36) girls (Filles du Roi) arrived in Quebec and were distributed between Quebec, Trois Rivers and Ville-Marie (Montreal). It is noteworthy that by month end, only three remained unmarried and one was seized by the Iroquois and taken captive.
June 1: Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Jean Masse Fafart, b-1657, died December 21, 1756, Detroit son (I)-Francois (1630-1711) and Marie Richard (1636-1696): married to (II)-Marguerite Couc (Couck), Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Coug dit Lafleur, b-1624 and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e Algonquine, sauvagesse, b-1631, died August 6, 1665 Trois Rivieres
June 5: Trois Rivers, Quebec, baptism, (III)-Marguerite Couc alias Couck, dit Lafleur, Metis, birth June 1, 1664, daughter (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699); 1st married 1690 d’en Haut, likely Detroit?, (II)-Jean Fafard dit Jean Fafart dit Maconce or Macons, b-1657, died December 21, 1756, Fort Detroit, he was a voyageur and interpreter; 2nd marriage 1705 Detroit, Michel Masse..
June 7: Trois Riviers, birth (II)-Maurice Menard, son (I)-Jacques Menard dit Lafontaine, b-1629 and Catherine Fortier, b-1637: married 1692 St. Ignace, Michillimakinac, married (II)-Madeleine Couc, Metis, born 1669 daughter (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur b-1624 and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e, Algonquine, (1631-1699);
July 21: Quebec, marriage (I)-Anne Loiseau, b-1636, a Filles du Roi to 1st Guillaume Gendrn (1630-1687): 2nd epouse August 2, 1688, Montreal, Charles Lemoine dit Charlesville.
July 26: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marguerite Gaillard dite Duplessis, a Filles du Roi to 1st. Francois Provost (Prevost): 2nd January 12, 1671 to Louis Saucier: 3rd November 1677 to Michel Legardeau die Sanssoucy
July 26: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marguerite Gambier, b-1641, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Michel Nicolas Legardeau dit Sanssoucy, b-1636
July 26: The Sovereign Council of New France fixed the prices of commodities and stipulated that price tags be attached to goods. The cost of passage from Quebec to France is fixed at 33 livres, and the shipment of beaver skins to France at 10 livres per hundredweight.
August 15; Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Vachon, Metis, died September 26, 1715 Beauport, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married November 26, 1681, Beauport, Raphael Giroux
August 27: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marie Sainte Vie dite Lamotte, b-1650, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jean Poitras, b-1639
September 8: Fort Orange was captured by Richard Nicolls and renamed Fort Albany. Richard Nicolls became governor and named New Amsterdam as New York
September 11: Montreal, birth (III)-Jean Martin Metis son (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 and Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier.
September 16: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marie Repoche, b-1636, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Julien Jamin (Jamein), (1634-1704)
October 4: Quebec birth (II)-Daniel Joseph Amiot (Amyot) Villeneuve son (I)-Mathieu Aymot Villeneuve (1628-1688) and Marie Miville (1632-1702); 1st marriage Marie Kape8apnok8e (Outaouaise) Indian; 2nd marriage 1719 Michillmachic Domitilade dit Neveu.
October 18: (I)-Louis Garnaud assisted at the L’Ange Gardien’s first mass at the home of Jean Trudel on October 18, 1664. The celebrant is Father Louis Ango Des Maizerets who arrived at Fort Quebec on September 15, 1663. The following year, the residents built a small chapel on the property of Nicholas Roussin.
October 28: Quebec, marriage (I)-Anne Gendreau (Gentreau), b-1643, a Filles du Roi, to (I)-Rene Le Duc, b-1639
October 29: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Etienne Volant de St. Claude, Metis, son (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636: married December 9, 1693 Sorel, Genevieve Le Tendre..
October 30: Quebec, marriage (I)-Francoise Huche, (1644-1699), a Filles du Roi, to (II)-Guillaume Bonhomme, d-1710
November 5, Chateau Richer, birth (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis daughter (I)-Jean Cordeau dit Desloriers b-1636 and Catherine Latour dit Simonet Metis (1638-1678)
November 23: Kebec, marriage (I)-Claude De Mangeon, b-1644, a Filles du Roi, to (I)-Thomas Lesueur dit Lagrandeur
1665
Seventy four marriages, one hundred seventy eight births and fifty four deaths are recorded in New France. The first triplets were born in Ville-Marie (Montreal).
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1665 and entered into contract of marriage
Margaret Abraham, married Joseph-Ozanie Nadeau dit Lavigne; says his name is Lavigne’ 2rd marriage 1678 Guillaume Chartier, Guillaume;
Anne Bardet, married Jean Paulin,
Catherine Barré, married Mathurin Chaillé, Mathurin,
Mary Beauregard, married Sébastien Langelier; 2nd marriage 1682 Étienne Gélinas (Stephen)
Anne Bellesoeur, said her name was Lucas, married Nicolas Massard, Nicolas; 2nd marriage 1686 Jean (John) Lambert; 3rd marriage 1688, Jean-François Chevaudier, dit Lépine, said his name was Lepine
Joan Benard, married Pierre (Peter) Gadois,
Marie-Anne Blain, married Pierre Gervais,
Joan Bouchard, married Martin Foisy,
Madeleine Boucher, married François Blanchard, François, dit Belleville, said his name was Belleville,
Jeanne Bourgeois, married André (Andrew Coudray; 2nd marriage 1708 Pierre Glaumont dit Beauregard, said his name was Beauregard,
Anne Brandon, married Pierre Dagenais, Pierre, dit Lépine, said his name was Lepine
Anne Brunet, married Pierre (Peter) Coirier,
Marie Charrier, married Jacques Renaud,
Denise Cherfault, married Thomas Grandry dit Faverolle, said his name was Faverolles,
Marie Chevreau, b-1652, married Jean Rabouin
Claude De Chevrainville, said her name was Lafontaine, married August 12, 1665, Quebec (I)-Henri Brault, b-1640
Perrine Coirier, married Clement Guérin,
Marie-Catherine Cottin, called herself D’Arras (a illegitimate child, Jeanne b-1665), married Pierre Brunet; 2nd marriage 1685 Pierre Mandin,
Francois Cousin, Frances, married Charles Gaudreau,
Anne Couture, married Jean Moreau dit Lagrange, said his name was Lagrange
Anne Couture, b-1641, married Jean Moreau dit Lagrange
Denise Damane, married Rene Houray dit Grandmont, said his name was Grandmont,
Gabrielle Danneville, married Louis Blanchard; 2nd marriage 1684 Mathieu De Lagrange, Mathieu; 3rd marriage 1712 Hilaire Bernard, Sieur de La Rivière,
Marie Debure, b-1644, married Jean Bernard dit Hinse
Mary Debure, married Gilles Enard; 2nd marriage 1666 Jean Bernard dit Anse, said his name was Anse,
Adrienne Delastre, married Pierre (Peter) Mortrel,
Frances Desjardins, married Nicolas Droissy,
Isabella Dubreuil, married Bernard Faure,
Anne-Julienne Dumont, married Rene Dubois dit Brisebois, said his name was Brisebois
Catherine Durand, married Pierre Piché dit Lamusette, said his name was Lamusette,
Antoinette Eloy, married Mathurin Masta,
Marie-Therese Galien, married Laurent Gouin: 2nd marriage, Louis Gilbert,
Anne Girard, married Nicolas Dodelin,
Marie-Anne Guédon, married Gabriel Benoist; 2nd marriage Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre,
Madeleine Guerin, married Jean Julien,; 2nd marriage 1673 Pierre Boivin,
Bonne Guerrier, married Jacques Fauque; 2nd marriage 1674 Charles. Marchand,
Catherine Guyard, married Antoine Beaudry dit L’épinette,
Jacqueline Héron, (must be savage), married Jacques Galarneau; 2nd marriage 1706 Jean Picard, Jean,
Marguerite Hiardin, married Nicolas Vérieul, Nicolas dit Labécasse,
Marie Lanfillé, married Pierre Roche
Marie Langlois, married Jacques Gladu, Jacques dit Cognac
Marie-Anne Laporte, married François Genaple Sieur de Bellefonds; 2nd marriage 1711 Rene Hubert,
Marguerite Laverdure, married Maurice Crépeau,
Marie Lebon de Champfleury, marriedFrancois Bidard,
Marguerite Leclerc, married Julien Beloy dit Servigny
Suzanne Lecomte, married Francois Arsenault,
Louise Lecoutre, b-1648, married Nicolas Crevier, Louise had no point of birth recorded.
Marie Lemoine, married Jacques Duhault, Jacques dit Paris,
Marguerite Leroux, (arrivé 1665) not married 1665
Marie Lespérance, married Benoît Ponsart,
Anne Magnan, married Jean Gauvin,
Marie Magnier, married Michel Chartier, Michel; 2nd marriage 1673 Louis Jinchereau,
Jeanne De Mérinne, (arrived 1665) not married this year
Marie Mesuré, marriage Michel Montambault dit Léveillé
Antoinette Meunier, married Jacques Aubert,
Marie Meunier, married Charles Bonin,
Marie Meunier, married Michel Chrétien,
Marie Montminy, (Mont Meeny) (enfant illégitime, Julienne, 1665), married 1666 Noel Rose; 2nd marriage 1687 Francois Dumas,
Marie Morin, married Étienne Dauphin; 2nd marriage 1694, Pierre Chaignon,
Catherine Normand, married Pierre Normand dit Labrière, it would appear Catherine takes the name of husband?
Anne Pelletier dite Passavant, married Pierre Papin,
Marguerite Pelois, married Jacques Boivin dit Panse; Panse=Slave, likely a savage marriage
Francoise Pilois, b-1639, married Antoine Casse dit Lacasse
Catherine Pillat, married Pierre Charron dit Ducharme; 2nd marriage 1709 Sébastien Brisson dit Laroche
Françoise Pilois, married Antoine Cassé
Marthe Pointel, married Abel Benoît dit Laforest
Marie-Anne Poussin, Married Jean Larchevêque
Claude Prat, married Nicolas Giard dit St-Martin
Marthe Quitel, married Barthélemy Verreau dit La Bourguignon
Florimonde Rableau, married Pierre Chamard,
Marie-Catherine Renouard, married Nicolas Durand; 2nd marriage 1702, Francois Ducarreau,
Élisabeth Roy, married Pierre Paillereau,
Marguerite Roy, married Hilaire Chardonneau,
Jeanne Servignan, married Jean Ronceray dit LeBreton,
Nicole Souillard, married Louis Gaboury dit Lemajor
Perrette Vallée, married Jean Bourassa
Marie Vaublin, married Pierre Cochereau,
It becomes clear that some savages sent to France to be educated were returned under the Fille du Roi program. This gave them the opportunity to adopt a French name and birth place.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Artaut, Metis son (I)-Pierre Artaut, Sieur de la Tour, b-1630 married 1664 Trois Rivieres, Louise Sauvagesse, b-1621
(I)-Medard Chouart Sieur Des Groseilliers (1618-1695/98) and his brother-in-law (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) take their plan to England to go to the Sea of the North (Hudson Bay) to harvest furs.
Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Marie Barbe Crevier, Metis daughter (II)-Nicolas Crevier dit Bellerive Metis and Louise Leloutre, b-1648
(I)-Jeanne De Merinne a Filles du Roi arrived Quebec 1665
illégitime, Julienne Montminy (Mont Meeny) daughter Marie Montminy, (Mont Meeny) who married 1666 Noel Rose
Port Royal, Acadia, (III)-Marguerite Le Borgne b-1665 daughter (II)-Alexander La Borgne (1640-1693) and (III)-Marie La Tour b-1654; married Abraham Muis.
(III)-Jeanne de Saint Etienne de La Tour, Metis, daughter (II)-Charles (Turgis) de Saint-Etienne de La Tour (1595-1665), married 1625, Acadia, a Mi’Kmaw; married 1665 Pentagouet, Acadia d’Apprendestiguy de Martignon.
(I)- Jean-Vincent d’Abbadie de Saint Castin born June 19, 1665 d-1707 arrived Acadia June 30, 1665 with Carrignan Salieres Regiment; married 1670 Acadia to three daughters Chief Madokawando Abenaquis (1630-1696). He spent a few Months (Weeks) among the Micmac and Etchemins and obviously like what encountered. The native girls were very liberal with sex. Jean was a known young philander before later settling down about 1684 or 1685. He arrived with his man servant Renaud de Bordenave. He returned back to France but returned to Penobscot River, Acadia in 1670
The Jesuits claim that hitherto Canada has been regarded simply as Canada.
A census at the mission of the Mountain of Ville-Marie (Montreal) listed five hundred and twenty five people. The total French population of New France is 3,215. Quebec, at this time only had seventy private houses.
The New France Governor Augustin de Saffray de Mezy, d-1665 is on bad terms with the Jesuits.
Alexandre de Proville, Marquis de Tracy, d-1670, is temporary Governor of New France.
Groseilliers and Radisson, the Coureurs des Bois, after being rejected by France, New France and New England, find themselves meeting with the king of England. This encounter will lead to the formation of the Hudson Bay Company and the loss of America to the English.
Fort Saint Louis aka Fort Chambly is built on the Richelieu River (near Chambly, Quebec). It was replaced by a stone fort in 1709.
The soldiers, 350 in all, are ordered to build a fort at Lake Champlain to cut the route of the Iroquois. They, however, have no carpenters or skilled trades people to assist them. The were given very few tools. Many of the men are sickly, barefoot and without proper clothing and have too few cooking pots.
Fort Saint Louis, later renamed Fort Chambly, is built by the Carignan Salieres Regiment on the Richelieu River near Chambly, Quebec, in burned down in 1702.
This year the Dutch attacked St. John’s, Newfoundland.
About 100 canoes of Outaouax (Ojibwa) arrived from Lake Superior at Three Rivers to trade their furs. A Frenchman who traveled with them reported they had 100,000 fighting men. They had more than 100 villages. He is likely referring to the whole region from the Iroquois in the east to the Nadouessioux (Dakota) to the west, south to the Illinois and north to the Bay of the north. These Nations visit to trade with the Ojibwa of Lake Superior at both Sault Ste Marie and La Pointe.
Parish of Cap St Ignacet aka St. Ignace du Cap St. Ignace is established this year
February 1: Cap St. Ignace, birth (III)-Jean Cote, Metis, died November 3, 1687 son (II)-Louis Cote d-1669 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis b-1645: married January 8, 1691 Cap St. Ignace, Genevieve Bernier..
March 19: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married 1687, Quebec, Marie LeRoy.
March 22: Sillery, birth (III)-Joseph Pelletier Metis son (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau.
March 23: The French King divided the responsibilities of New France between the Intendant and the Governor. The new Governor is (I)-Daniel de Remy, Sieur de Courcelle (1665-1672/98). The Royal Governors term is September 12, 1665 to September 12, 1672. They say he arrived ‘breathing nothing but war’, determined to destroy the Iroquois. He quarreled frequently with (I)-Jean Talon, Intendant. The Intendant handles civil matters and the Governor handles military affairs.
March 23: (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) is appointed Intendant to New France (September 23, 1665-October 22, 1668) and the new Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, arrives in Fort Quebec. Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) issued a decree that forbade all bachelors to leave the colony for hunting, fishing or furs until all the ‘filles du Roi’ from France were married. It is noteworthy that Talon never married himself, yet orders others to marry. About 150 ‘filles du Roi’ arrive each year. The French Minister of Marine, Jean Baptiste Colbert, established the King’s dowry to encourage migration to New France.
April 13: Quebec, birth (III)-Marie Miville. Metis, daughter, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687; married November 12, 1684 Michel Gosselin.
April 28: Quebec, birth (III)-Genevieve Pinguet, Metis, died December 23, 1702, Quebec, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; married January 19, 1682, Quebec (I)-Pierre Gatien.
May 6: Jacques Leneuf de La Potherie (1606-1685), the Governor of Trois Rivieres, acted as interim Governor of New France from May 6, 1665 to September 12, 1665.
May 10: Quebec, birth Guillaume Chevalier, Metis, son Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec: married February 3, 1689, Beauport, Jeanne Gauthier.
June 3: Quebec, birth (II)-Therese Prevost, Metis, died May 20, 1743, Beauport, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665): married August 18, 1683, Beauport, Michel Giroux.
June 17 & 19: Two ships arrived Kebek (Quebec) from La Rochelle, France with four Companies of the Carignan Salieres Regiment. All the soldiers arrived in good health.
June 30: Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, arrived in Quebec with the Carignan Salieres Regiment, with 100 French officers arriving in 4 ships which included 1,000 to 1,100 of Frances best. These French veterans of wars with the Turks were shipped by Marquis de Troy to put down the Iroquois rebels. Their commander is Heri de Chastelard de Salieres. The Jesuits told the soldiers that this was a holy war against the Iroquois. The soldiers, however, are poorly equipped for service in Canada. The regiment built the following forts this year: Fort Sorel on the site of Fort Richelieu; Fort Saint Louis on the Richelieu River directly east of Ville-Marie (Montreal); Fort Sainte Therese on the Richelieu River; Fort Sainte Anne at the north end of Lake Champlain; and Fort Saint Jean on the Richelieu River. A road was built between Ville-Marie (Montreal) and Chambly.
July 1: illegitimate birth Jeanne Cottin, baptized May 21, 1666 at Chateau-Richer daughter Marie Cathherine Cotton, , called herself D’Arras b-1651 a Filles du Roi (a Kings Daughter) and unknown father, Marie married January 1, 1666, Quebec, Pierre Brunet; marriage June 30, 1683 Trois-Rivieres, (I)-Jacques Godfroy b-1653.
July 16: Twelve horses from Havre, France arrived and the Savages called them the moose of France. The ship also brought 8 girls and others.
July 16: King Louise XIV of France shipped 21 mares and 2 stallions from the Royal stables to New France. This is the source of the Quebec hardy black horses, later called the French Canadian or Canadian breed, still prized by many Quebec farmers. Others suggest only twelve horses are brought to Quebec at this time, the first since Montmagny time. The shipment of 2 stallions and 20 mares to the colony and 8 of the mares having perished on the journey.
August 6: About 400 Outawak (Ottawa) arrived with furs to trade at Kebec (Quebec).
August 6: Trois Rivieres, death, (II)-Pierre Couc, Metis son (I)-Pierre Coug dit Lafleur, b-1624 and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e Algonquine, sauvagesse, b-1631, died August 6, 1665 Trois Rivieres
August 7: Father (I)-Claude Jean Allouez (1613-1689) returned with the Outawak, and then set out for Lac Tracy (Lake Superior) region. He followed the trail of trader Jean Nicolet to Green Bay.
August 11: Quebec, marriage (I)-Madeleine Carbonnet, (1642-1711), a Filles du Roi, to (II)-Etienne Sedilot dit Desnoyers, d-1688
August 18-19: Two more vessels arrived with 4 more companies of soldiers including Monsieur de Salieres, colonel of the regiment.
September 12: Eight more companies of soldiers arrived from France. Monsieur de Courcelles, lieutenant general arrived this contingent. At the same time, ships came filled with over four hundred settlers, mechanics and girls of marriageable age to provide wives for those who lacked them. The officers of the Carignan Salieres Regiment had the first choice of the filles du roi (Kings Girls). Ships also contained livestock and all manner of supplies. The final ships arrived in September, being one hundred and seventeen days at sea. Twenty men died as soon as they set foot on shore. One hundred fell so ill they were in hospital. In all, more than two thousand people arrived this summer.
September 19: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Pierre Paul Cloutier, Metis, died September 25, 1665, Chateau Richer, son (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699);
September 23: (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) was Intendant of New France from September 12, 1665 to 1668. His official title said he was Intendant of justice, police, and finance “in Canada, Acadia, and Newfoundland.” He is to assist at the Councils of War and, in the absence of the Governor General and the Governor, will preside over the Sovereign Council. The Jesuits have interfered with temporal authority in the past, and Talon is commanded to ensure the Jesuit stay to Episcopal functions and to maintain a just balance between the two authorities without disclosing his motives. Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694), Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, and Governor Sieur de Courcelle (1665-1672) came to agreement with the Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency, (1623-1708) that church tithe shall be 1/26 on grains only and payable to the parish priest. This formally established all parish priests as tax collectors.
September 25: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marie Madeleine Boutet (1644-1703), a Filles du Roi, to (I)-(II)-Rene Gervis Bisson, b-1637
September 28: (II)-Francois Garnaud is born on September 28, 1665 at L’Ange Gardien son (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue. His baptism is at Chateau Richer, as there is no church at L’Ange Gardien at this time. It is noteworthy that early settlers to New France excluded Jews and Protestants. If there was any doubt as to religion, the Bishop of Quebec had to reiterate their baptismal and communion vows.
September 29: (II)-Germain Morin (1642-1702) is ordained a priest; the first Canadian born.
October 2: A ship arrived from Normandy, France with 82 girls and women. Fifty of the girls were from charitable institutions in Paris. The ship also brought 130 laboring men.
October 4: Quebec birth (II)-Daniel Joseph Amiot (Amyot) Villeneuve son (I)-Mathieu Aymot Villeneuve (1628-1688) and Marie Miville (1632-1702); 1st marriage September 2, 1709, Montreal, Marie Kape8apnok8e (Kapiouaphokoue) (Outaouaise) Indian b-1665; 2nd marriage 1719 Michillmachic Domitilade dit Neveu.
October 5: Quebec, birth (III)-Daniel Joseph Amiot (Amyot) Villeneuve died December 19, 1688 son (II)-Mathieu dit Villeneuve Amyot and Marie Miville; married Marie Kape8apnok8e (Outaouaise).
October 12: Quebec, marriage (I)-Francoise Desjardins, a Filles du Roi to Nicolas Droissy.
October 15: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Galarneau b-1642 to (I)-Jacqueline Heron b-1645, France, epouse May 9, 1706 Ville-Marie (Montreal), Jean Picard. Tanguay suggests Heron = Huron but Johan suggests Heron was a family name in France and that she was born in France.
October 19: Chateau Richer, marriage (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) son (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoice Grenier (Garnier) d-1665, sauvagesse; married (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau..
October 19: Montreal, marriage (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) to Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, baptized March 30, 1646, La Rochelle, France. The mother’s name was not recorded on this document. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France. She is likely one of the many Indian girls sent to France for education and returned under the Filles du Roi program for marriawge to New France settlers.
October 26: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jeanne Bouchard, b-1644, a Filles du Roi, to (I)-Martin Foisy, b-1689: epouse June 1689, Rene Dumas
December 13: A peace treaty with the Iroquois is made in Quebec.
1666
France made a decision not to send more colonists to New France. They thought it “would not be prudent to depopulate its kingdom to populate Canada”.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1666 and entered into contract of marriage
Joan Barbereau, married. Jean Arrivé, who arrived, Jean, 1666
Marie-Jeanne Beaujean, married Pierre Juin,
Joan Bilodeau, married Pierre Couillard,
Margaret Cardillon, married Claude Desjardins dit Charbonnier, said his name was Charbonnier
Louise Chiasson, married Jacques Chapelain (Chaplain)
Perrine Coirier, married Clément Guérin
Marie Charlotte de Coppequesne b-1636 married Jean Gateau
Marie-Catherine Cottin, called herself D’Arras b-1651 (illegitimate child, Jeanne n. 1665), married Pierre Brunet b-1642; 2nd marriage 1685, Pierre Mandin
Mary Debure, arrived 1665 married 1665 Gilles Enard Gilles; 2nd marriage 1666 Jean Bernard dit Anse, said his name was Anse,
Joan De Lahaye, married Philibert Chauvin,
Elizabeth Doucinet, married Jasques Bédard,
Jeanne Dufresne, married Marin Dalleray
Adrienne Grandjean, married Rene Baucher dit Sanssoucy, said his name is Sanssoucy,
Anne Lamarre, married Pierre Duquet dit Delachesnaye,
Perrine Lapierre, married Honoré Danis dit Tourangeau,; 2nd marriage 1705 Yves Lucas dit St-Venant
Élisabeth Leconte, (arrivé 1666) not married yet
Françoise Lemoine, married Pierre-René Niquet,
Anne Mabille, married Claude Salois,
Marie Martin, married Jean Vallée dit Lavallée
Mary Martin, married Jean Vallée dit Lavallée, said his name is Lavallee; 2nd marriage 1673 Jacques Charier dit Lafontaine, said his name is Lafontaine
Marie Meunier, married Jacques Hudde; 2nd marriage 1690 Jean Guillet,
Marie Montminy (Mont Meeny), (enfant illégitime, Julienne, b-1665), married Noel (Christmas) Rose b-1642; 2nd marriage 1687 François Dumas,
Marie-Geneviève Plémaret, married Antoine Renaud dit Letambour
Andrée Remondière, married Thomas Rondeau,
Marie Rémy, married Pierre Desautels dit Lapointe
Anne Rivet, married René Ouellet,
Catherine Rivet, married Pierre Duchesne dit Lapierre
Renée Rivière, married Mathurin Croiset,
Suzanne Rousselin, married Jacques Leblanc
Marie Roy, married Pierre Pérusseau,
Gillette Savard, married Pierre Filteau,
Anne Tavernier, married Robert-Charles Moussion dit Lamouche
Marguerite Ténard, married Charles Boayer,
Anne Thomas, married Claude Jodoin; 2nd marriage 1691 Pierre Godambert dit Desjardins,
Suzanne Tru, married Jean Cadou,
Catherine Varin, married Pierre Tessier,
The mission Ste. Famillie, Ile d’Orleans de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Thirty five marriages, two hundred six births and fifty four deaths are recorded in New France.
(II)-Charles La Tour (1594-1666) dies in Acadia.
Andre Martin, Metis, b-1666, Acadia, son Pierre Martin, b-1631 and Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, b-1644; (1671 census)
Birth (II)-Michelle Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645.
An ancestor of the Garneau clan, (II)-Marie Catherine Durand, is born June 4, 1666 at Cap Rouge (Sillery), New France daughter (I)-Jean Durand born 1640 and (II)-Catherine Annennontak (Huronne) born 1649. (I)-Jean Durand is the son of Louis Durand and Madeleine Malvande of Deuil, Diocese of Saints.
The first Canadian census, by (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694), showed that 11,448 arpents (1 arpent = 5/6 acre) are under cultivation, there are three thousand one hundred and seven heads of cattle and eight five sheep in all of New France.
Quebec 555
Beaupre 678
Beauport 172
Ile d’Orleans 471
St. Jean, St. Francois and St. Michel 156
Sillery 217
Notre Dame des Anges and the St. Charles River 118
Cote de Lauzon 6
Ville-Marie (Montreal) 584
Three Rivers 461
Total 3,418
Others suggest the population count was 3,215; 2,034 men, 1,181 women and 528 married couples. It is not known if the 1,200 to 2,500 soldiers are included or excluded from the count.
The Jesuits considered this year as a continuous series of wars with the Iroquois Nation.
King Louis XIV of France restored the fur trade to the inhabitants but they were required to pay a royalty to the Company of The West Indies.
Parish of Charlesbourge aka St. Charles Borromee co de Quebec St. Charles de Charlesbourg is established this year
The parish L’Ange Gardien aka L’Ange Gardien co de Montmorency is established this year.
The parish Sorel aka St. Sillery Pierre de Sorel is established this year.
The parish Ste Famille L.O. aka Ste Famille de I’lle d’Orleans is established this year.
January 6: Montreal, birth (III)-Catherine Martin Metis daughter (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 and Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier.
January 9: Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, and Monsieur de Courcelle (1665-1672) chose January, during the coldest period, as the time to tell the soldiers to attack the Iroquois (Mohawk). They were not provided with snowshoes, axes or proper equipment. Sieurs de la Fouille, Maximin and Lobial with their men joined the army. They had 500 French soldiers and 200 Canadian home guards. They searched for a month, trying to locate an Iroquois village. Only 100 would survive, having not fought a single battle nor killed a single Iroquois. These few survivors are saved because they stumble upon an English settlement. The Governors invasion is a total disaster. Others suggest that the Mohawk ambushed the French, killing eleven men and wounding many more. The Mohawk only lost three men and had six wounded. Others suggest only 60 men died from exposure and hunger by March 17. The Jesuits claim a number of Iroquois houses were burned and a number of Iroquois were killed on this campaign. This humiliation, however resulted in the assignment on another 1,300 men to the war effort.
January 26: France or Quebec? Jacques Archambeault (1604-1688) married Marie Denot b-1606, his second or third marriage. No mention of this marriage by Tanguey, See 1620
February 7/27, Quebec, birth/death (III)-Marie Delphine Pelletier, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1739) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704)
February 20: During a French assault, 6 Frenchmen fell along with 4 Iroquois and a number of Savages were taken prisoner. A young half-breed boy was among the captives. A Dutch commandant asked for the return of the half-breed to his uncle.
March 29: death Michel Guibert, b-1648, a nephew of Jean Chicot, in a brule village of Onoi8tsonnans
April 21: Quebec, birth, (II)-Marie Durand, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671) and Annennontank, Huronne b-1649, married July 31, 1688, Mathurin Cadau et Cadot (1649-1729).
May 11: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Nicolas Gervaise, Metis, (1666-1750), son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married July 27, 1693 Pointe Aux Trembles de Ville-Marie (Montreal), (II)-Madeleine Peyet, b-1677 daughter (I)-Pierre Payet.
May 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Soumande, Metis, died July 31, 1677, Quebec, daughter (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
May 25: The Agniehronnons at Fort Sainte Anne, Lake Champlain killed Sieur de Trauersy and Sieur de Chusy. They took a number of prisoners. Monsieur Sorl immediately ordered 300 men to dispatch these Savages but a peace envoy met the army 20 leagues from their village with the prisoners and pleaded for peace.
May 25: A peace treaty with the Seneca in Quebec.
June 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Du Bocq, Metis son (I)-Laurent Du Bocq b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse.
July 12: A peace treaty with the Oneidas is reached.
August 30: Sillery, birth (III)-Marguerite Pelletier Metis daughter (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau; married May 7, 1685 Sorel Charles Boucher.
September 14: Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, and Monsieur de Courcelle (1665-1672) began a second attack against the Mohawks, with 1,500 men departing Quebec.
September 18; Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Charlotte Vachon, Metis, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697);
September 23: Montreal, birth (II)-Catherine Charron, Metis, daughter (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, of New France, baptized March 30, 1646 La Rochelle, France. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France: married 1st. 1681 Francois Chaghon; married 2nd. 1694 Daniel Tetro..
September 28: The Agniehronnons were still defiant so Monsieur de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, assembled a 1,300 man army to deal with this tribe once and for all. They assembled at Fort Saint Anne, recently rebuilt by sieur de la Mothe, on an Island of Lake Champlain, about 4 leagues from the outlet.
October: The Agniehronnons retreated as the French advanced. The French therefore destroyed all their villages, corn and bean supplies. The fields were destroyed if the crops had not been harvested. This winter is the coldest and longest in 30 years and many Iroquois starved to death.
October 15: The French war army reached Mohawk territory, but the Mohawk retreated. Four Mohawk villages are put to the torch and the land was claimed for Louis XIV. New France assembles 600 French soldiers, 600 Canadian home guard and 100 Indians to march on the Iroquois. The Mohawk retreated, and four villages, containing over one hundred long houses, are burnt. This scorched earth policy, the French believed, humiliates the Iroquois Nation.
November: It is reported that ten Frenchmen drowned in Lake Champlain.
November 5: The French army returned to Quebec without engaging the Mohawk.
December 16: The Sovereign Council abolished the death penalty for selling liquor to the Savages, replacing it with fines.
1667
Seventy five marriages, two hundred twenty seven births and thirty three deaths are recorded in New France.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1667 and entered into contract of marriage
Fleurance Asserin, (arrived 1667) not married this year
Susan Aubineau, married Mathias Campagna,
Catherine Ballié, married Pierre Bouvier,
Frances Banse, married Jacques Prou,
Barbara Baron, married Simon Chevreux dit Lataupine, said his name was Lataupine; 2nd marriage 1672, Jean Mérienne dit Lasolaye; 3rd marriage, 1691 Guillaume Duboc dit St-Godard, said his name was St. Godard,
Catherine Basset, married Pierre Bourgouin dit Bourguignon, said his name was Bourguignon
Catherine De Belleau, married Jean-Baptiste Morin, dit Debelleroche, said his name was Debelleroche
Mary Blanchard, Mary, married Mathieu Brunet dit Létang, said name was Letang; 2nd marriage 1722 Yvis-Luc Lucas dit St-Venan, said his name was St-Venan.
Jeanne-Claude De Boisandré, married Louis Lachaise; 2nd marriage 1668 Jean Létourneau,
Helen Bonneau, married Jacques Desmoulins,
Margaret Bonnefoy, said her name was Ste-Foy, married Jacques Achon, Jacques; 2nd marriage 1671, Claude Carpentier (Carroll)
Louise Bouchard, married Simon Guillory
Marie Bouet, married Martin Guérard; 2nd marriage 1676 Nicolas Groinier
Catherine Bourgeois, married René Binet,
Mary Bremaille, married Jacques Doublet dit Delisle, said his name is Delisle
Jeanne Burel, married Andre Poutré dit Lavigne, said his name was Lavigne
Jeanne-Claude De Boisandré,married Louis Lachaise; rnd marriage 1668 Jean Létourneau,
Mary De Bretigny, married Denis Leclerc dit Lécuyer, said his name was Lecuyer
Frances De Charmesnil, married Jean Gélinas, Jean, name was John Contract Gelinas,
Marie-Charlotte De Coppequesne, married Jean Gateau; 2nd marriage 1688 Jacques Brault,
Mary Charron, married Mathurin Petiot,
Joan Charton, married Jean Robin dit Lapointe, said his name was Lapointe,
Mary Chaton, married Pierre Lagarde,
Frances Conflans, b-1649, married Charles Rancin,
Marie Crépin, married Jean Fournier
Catherine De Fontenay, (arrived 1667) not married this year
Marie Devauly, b-1649 married Antoine Coderre dit Emery
Joan Denot, married André Robidou; 2nd marriage 1678 Jacques Surprenant, Jacques, dit Sanssoucy, said his namre was Sanssoucy,
LISTED AMONG THE FILLE DU ROI IN 1667 ?
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1643), married Pierre Pouillard, October 12, 1667
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1647), married Michel Verret, Michel, dit Laverdure, October 13, 1669 Michel Verret,
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1656), married 1672, Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre, 1672;
Possibility Marie Deschamps is a savague?
Mary Devault, married Antoine Emery dit Coderre, said he was Antony Coderre,
Mary De Limoges, married Noel Laurence,
Simone Doriant, married Jean Hébert,
Madeleine Dumortier, said her name was De Leur, married Timothée Roussel,
Suzanne Durand, married Gabriel Gibaul dit Poitevin, said his name was Poitevin
Anne-Marie Firman, (arrived 1667, departed 1667)
Jeanne Fourrier, married Jean Baillaux; 2nd married 1671 François Vanasse
Marguerite Foye b-1638, married Francois Dumas
Margaret Foy, married François Dumas
Marie Girard, (arrived 1667) not married this year
Marceline Goard, married Louis Marie dit Ste-Marie, said his name is Ste-Marie
Marie Gravois, married Philippe Étienne, said he was Philip Stephen,
Mary Grusseau, married Jean Chénier; 2nd marriage 1700 Pierre Senay dit Lapierre, said his name was Lapierre,
Marie-Jeanne Guérin, said her names is Brunet, married Antoine Dupré; 2nd marriage 1682, Louis Charrier, Louis,
Marguerite Itas, marriage Jacques Aubuchon dit Le Loyal
Anne Javelot, married Jacques Leboeuf
Marguerite Jourdain, married Bernard Delpêche dit Bélair; 2nd marriage 1689, Louis Mageau dit Maisonseule
Geneviève Laîné, married Pierre De Vanchy,
Antoinette Lamoureux, (arrivé 1667) not married this year
Louise Landry, married Pierre Content,
Marie Larteau, (arrivé 1667) not married this year
Marie Lasnon, married Pierre Feret, Pierre; 2nd marriage 1701. Pierre Ledoux dit Latreille,
Catherine Laurent, married Moïse Hilaret,
Gabrielle Lemaître, (arrivé 1667) not married this year
Marie Léonard, married René Rémy dit Champagne
Marie-Rogère Lepage, married Roch Thoéry, Sieur de L’Ormeau; 2nd marriage Jean-Baptiste Peuvret,
Jeanne Levasseur, married Barthélemy Tesson,
Catherine Marchand, married Laurent Nafrechou,
Reine Martin, (arrivé 1667) not married this year
Marie Michel, married Charles Morin,
Catherine Moitié, married Désiré Viger, Désiré; 2nd marriage Jean Poirier dit Lajeunesse
Madeleine Niel, married Étienne Charles dit Lajeunesse
Marie Madeleine Olivier, b-1642, married Thomas Rousseau,
Marie-Madeleine Ouache, (arrivé 1667) not married this year
Françoise Piéton, married André Achin dit St-André
Marie Quequejeu, married Pierre Rivault,
Marguerite Renaud, married Emmanuel Lopez dit Madère
Geneviève Rigaud, married Pierre Têtu, Sieur Dutilly
Anne Rousseau, married Pierre Jouineau,
Marie Roy, married Mathurin Thibodeau dit Lalime
Geneviève Sageot,married Antoine Adhémar, Sieur de St-Martin
Marie Sel, married Nicolas Guillemet; 2nd marriage 1701 Jean Flibot; 3rd marriage 1711, Vincent Bériau,
Louise Senécal, married Pierre Guilbault,
Catherine Topsan, married Julien Dumont dit Lafleur
Ursule-Madeleine Turbar, b-1649, married Jean Gély dit Laverdure; 2nd marriage 1689 François Hubert
Marie Varin, married René Branche; 2nd marriage 1681 Pierre Courois dit Lacroix; 3rd marriage 1684 Anicet Boyer dit Jolicoeur
Catherine Vieillot, married Jacques Dubois; 2nd marriage 1675 Pierre Guénet,
The first Canadian census recorded 3,215 non-Native inhabitants.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Artaut, Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Artaut, Sieur de la Tour, b-1630 married 1664 Trois Rivieres, Louise Sauvagesse, b-1621; married 1680, Michel Des Rosiers
(II)-Marie Artaut, Metis, b-1667 in the country, daughter (I)-Pierre Artaut, Sieur de la Tour, b-1630 country married 1670 Louise Sauvagesse, b-1621; married 1680 Michel des Rosiers dit St. Michel.
(II)-Marie Charlotte Charron, Metis, b-1667, New France, daughter (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar, ou Pilet-Pillard, b-1651?, a Filles du Roi, and Metis or Indian, of New France, baptized March 30, 1646 La Rochelle, France. DNA analysis ‘suggests’ she is either Indian or Metis from New France: married 1st. 1686 November 30, 1686 Boucherville, Claude Louis Le Mer: married 2nd. 1700, Raymond Vegard.
Trois Rivieres, Quebec, birth (III)-Isabelle-Elisabeth Couc dit Lafleur/Montour, dit la femme de Tichenet and La Tichenette, (aka La Chenette), Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699); 1st married April 30, 1684, Sorel, Richelieu, Quebec, Joachim Germano/Germaneau. of Riviere dite du Loup, son Jean Germano/Germaneau and Catherine Choury, Metis; 2nd married 1704 Pierre Tichenet, d-1706 Fort Pontchartrain (Detroit);3rd marriage 1706, Oneida Carandawana.
Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Joseph Crevier Metis son (II)-Jean Crevier Sieur Duvernet-Duvernay, Metis b-1642 and (II)-Marguerite Hertel; married (II)-Angelique LeBoulanger, daughter (I)-Pierre LeBoulanger
Etienne Trudeau (1641-1712) married Adrienne Barbier, who arrived 1642. They had 14 children, three of who became voyageurs.
West L’Ange Gardien is du Fief de Charleville from 1677 to 1694. The settlers of this area, until 1680, starting from the Montmorency River East, are as follows:
(I)-Louis Carreau alias La Fraicheur (b-1621) married 1654 Jeanne Lerouge (b-1625) farming 2 arpent,
(II)-Francois Vesina (b-1644) married 1670 Jeanne Le Marie (b-1645) farming 4 arpent,
(I)-Louis Garnaud (b-1641) married 1663 (I)-Marie Mazoue (b-1644) farming 2 arpent,
Jean Grignon married 1645 Elizabeth Couillart farming 3 arpent,
(I)-Charles Garner (Grenier) (b-1636) married (II)-Marie Louise Vesina and second wife? (Gertrude Couillart) farming 4
arpent,
Raymond Paget alias Quercy &? (Charles Couillart des Islets) farming 6 arpent, Possible (I)-Raymond Pagets who arrived Kebec 1619.
(I)-Jacques Marette alias Lespine (b-1631) married 1660 Marie Paget (b-1648) farming 3 arpent,
(I)-Rene Brisson (b-1635) married 1665 Anne Vesina (b-1651) farming 3 arpent,
North of Marette and Brisson; Nicholas Couillart de Belleroche,
(I)-Jacques Vesina married Marie Bourbon farming 3 arpent,
(II)-Pierre Tetu Du Tilly (b-1636) married 1667 Genevieve Rigault (b-1649) farming 3 arpent,
North of Vesina and Tetu; Arrierre-Fief Maquart (Marguerite Couillart)
Pierre Maheust Des Hazards farming 2 2/3 arpent,
(I)-Jean Trudel (b-1629) married 1655 Quebec a (I)-Marguerite Thomas (b-1634) farming 2 2/3 arpent,
North of Maheust and Trudel; de Jean-Baptiste Le Gardeur (b-1635) married 1656 (II)-Marguerite Nicolet (b-1642)
(Fief Le Gardeur) farming 8 arpent,
Domain du Fief de Charleville farming 6 2/3 arpent,
(I)-Thomas Touchet (b-1626) married Susanne Ferrier (b-1618) farming 3 arpent,
North of Charleville and Touchet; Germain Le Barbier farming 7 arpent,
(I)-Laurent Gignard born 1636 married Marie Elisabeth Sorin (b-1641) farming 3 arpent,
(I)-Antoine Ossant (b-1645) married Marie Vesina farming 2 arpent,
(I)-Jean Jacquereau (b-1628) married 1663 Catherine Guilot farming 2 arpent,
North of Gignard, Ossant and Jacquereau; Arriere Fief Maquart.
The Treaty of Breda restored Acadia to France. Paris largely ignored Acadia, and Quebec’s war with the Iroquois left little time for Acadia concerns. The colonists of Port Royal expanded to establish colonies at Grand Pre, Piziquid (Windsor, Acadia ( Nova Scotia), Cobequid (Truro, Acadia ( Nova Scotia)) and Beaubassin (New Brunswick-Acadia ( Nova Scotia) border). They are living like true republicans, not acknowledging royal or judicial authority. They became a new culture of people called the Acadians. Their natural abundance freed them from daily drudgery, and outsiders considered them lazy, obstinate, ignorant (few could read or write), yet say they have great hospitality are content and practical. The Acadians would suffer for the actions of the Quebec French against the English.
Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) arrived in New France and is granted a signatory at Lachine by the Sulpicians.
The Jesuits believe the upper town of Kebek (Quebec) is of importance only on account of the churches and religious houses.
Caughnawaga across the river from Ville-Marie (Montreal) is established by Father Pierre Raffeix (1633-1724) a Jesuit, for the Onedia and some French settlers and later a group of Mohawes from New York. The settlement moved a number of times finally settling near St. Regis in 1755.
Father Pierre Raffeix (1633-1724) a Jesuit, wintered Isles Perees (Islets in the St. Lawrence, opposite Boucherville, now called Isles Communes).
(I)-Nicolas Perrot (1644-1717) formed a fur trading company.
The parish Ste Foy aka Notre Dame de Foy is established this year.
February 4: A celebration ball was held in New France for their victory over the Iroquois, even though they never engaged them in combat. The ball was reported to be the first in Canada and was given by sieur Chartier’s. The Jesuits prayed, “that it do not set a precedent.”
February 5: The mining of iron ore began at Trois Rivieres this year.
February 24: Quebec, birth (III)-Francois Miville. Metis, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687
February 28: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Jean Francois Langlois, Metis, son (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau: married 1692 Genevieve Rousseau.
March 7: Quebec, birth (III)-Jean Cote, Metis, died November 3, 1687 son (II)-Louis Cote d-1669 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis b-1645:
March 27: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) arrived at New France, having been relieved of his vows to the Society of Jesus (Jesuit) because of mental instability (moral weakness).
April: The Iroquois Nation sued for a peace that was to last for approximately twenty years. Four hundred soldiers elected to stay in New France, most settled along the Richelieu and St. Lawrence Rivers as a buffer to the Iroquois. Charlesbourg, seven kilometers north of Fort Quebec, was created by (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694), the Intendant at the time, to reduce the population pressure on Fort Quebec. Three separate communities called Bour Royal, Bourg La Reine and Bourg Talon have erected forty houses. A shrewd plan to make these new villages easy of defense, the tracts of land for individual use cut in triangle shapes. The houses built at the narrow angle where the tips of all the tracts came together for security against attack. Shipbuilding was introduced by (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694), and by 1667, the building of six ships employed three hundred and fifty men. The Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, is returned to France.
April 2: King Louis XIV issued a civil code for New France and established courts.
April 16: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Pierre Cloutier, Metis, son (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married February 27, 1696, Chateau Richer, Jeanne Verreau
April 28: Quebec, birth (II)-Simon Fournier, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married 1691, Catherine.
May 5, Ste Famille, birth (III)-Marie Pelletier, Metis, died November 6, 1725 Cap St. Ignace, daughter (I)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1698) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); 1st married May 5, 1686 Cap St. Ignace, Jacques Gerber; 2nd married November 26, 1700 Cap Ste Ignace, Mathieu Geillet
June 28: A coiner of counterfeit money is hanged in Kabek (Quebec).
July 19: Sieur Bondy, while intoxicated, was drowned near the Island of Orleans, he was buried like a dog, near the Jesuit Mill.
July 25: Chateau Richer, marriage (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, born July 12, 1639 son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis d-1684; married (II)-Suzanne Page..
July 31: The treaty of Breda returned Acadia to the French.
August 6: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Couc, Metis son (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur b-1624, and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e, Algonquine sauvagesse (1631-1699).
August 7, Ste Family, birth (II)-Pierre Cordeau, Metis son (I)-Jean Cordeau dit Desloriers b-1636 and Catherine Latour dit Simonet Metis (1638-1678)
August 16: Quebec, birth (III)-Marie Nicole Martin Metis daughter (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 and Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier.
August 25: The French King sent 350 laboring men and 60 girls, to Kabek (Quebec), to populate the country. Horses and sheep are also provided.
August 28: Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, military governor New France, departed for France.
September 14: Father Francois Elie is dismissed by the Jesuits, leaving under secular garb and under the name sieur de Bennecour.
September 25: A number of girls, over 80, and more than 100 workmen, 14 or 15 horses arrived in Kabek (Quebec).
October 24: Quebec, marriage Barthelemy Tesson to Jeanne Levasseur, a Kings Daughter, making her the 5th of his 6th wives 4 of whom are still in France.
October 27: One hundred and nine (109) young ladies (Filles du Roi) arrived in Quebec from Dieppe and La Rochelle; 84 from Dieppe, 25 from La Rochelle. Only 15-20 were from good families, several are real young ladies and well brought, up according to (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694). He had requested 50 from good families. The term young ladies could include girls from 12 to 30 years of age. Real young ladies must suggest less than 12 years of age? This shipment of girls arrived in poor condition, being badly fed and robbed of half their clothing. (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) tried to charm them out of their sadness and helped them regain their vigor and plumpness. He did this to ensure early marriage and to prevent this becoming an obstacle to sending young ladies next year.
November 30: A man was hanged for having ravished a little girl, eleven years of age.
December 7: Ste Familie, birth II)-Jean Baptiste Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-164; married 1697 Madeleine Blouard.
1668
The mission Boucherville de la Province de Quebec is established this year. Pierre Boucher began farming this year but did not receive his Seigneury until 1672 when he built a palisade to protect the community from the Iroquois.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1668 and entered into contract of marriage
Frances Aubé, married Michel Roy dit Châtellerault, said his name is Chatellerault
Frances Baiselat, b-1646 married Laurentr Cambin, Laurent, dit Larivière, said his name is Lariviere; 2nd marriage 1670 Pierre-Francois Marsan dit Lapierre, said name is Lapierre, married 3rd 1693 Andre Corbeil dit Tranchemontagne, said his name is Tranchemontagne, January 4, 1693
Frances Barbery, married René Dardenne,
Mary Benoit, married Pierre Favreau dit Deslauriers, said his name was Deslauriers
Louise Bercier, , married Michel Feuillon,
Lucretia Billot, (illegitimate child, Louise n. 1668), married Jean Sigouin, Jean,
Mary Boileau, married Pierre Chauvin; 2nd marriage 1669, Simon Chamberland; 3rd marriage 1690, Jean Jolin,
Françoise Boivin, married Louis Lamoureux,
Mary Bouart, married Jacques Antrade; 2nd marriage 1672 Francois Dessureaux dit Le Bourguignon and Laplante, said his name was Le Laplante; 3rd marriage 1689, Jean Boismené,
Marie Bouillon, Marie, married Alexandre (Alexander) Téchenay,
Marie Bourgeois, married Jacques Anet,
Mary Caille, married Pierre Paquet,
Silvina Carcireux, married Antoine Andrieu,
Margaret Chabert La Charière, married Jacques Dumesnil,Sieur de St-Marc
Michelle Charlier, married Massé Besnier; 2nd marrage 1684 Laurent Castel; 3rd marriage 1710 Louis Petit
Margaret Charpentier, b-1641, married René Meunier dit Laramée, said his name is Laramee; 2nd marriage John Fanie
Marie Chauvet, married Pierre Faye dit Villefagnan, said his name is Villefagnan
Frances Chevalier, married Jacques Habert,
Joan Collet, married Grégoire Simon,
Antoinette M. Companion, married Jacques Gerny,
Marie Dallon, married Pierre Bissonnet; 2nd marriage1693 Jacques Anet; 3rd marrioage1694 Pierre-Guillaume Hublé,
Mary Dalton, married Pierre Bissonnet; 2nd marriage 1693 Jacques Anet; 3rd marriage 1694, Pierre-Guillaume, Hublé,
Claude Damis, (illegitimate child, Andrew c. 1676), married Pierre Perthuis dit Lalime, said his name is Lalime
Helen Damours, married Louis Foucher dit Laforest, said his name is Laforest; 2nd 1686 marriage Isaac Lemire,
Esther Dannessé, said her name is De Longchamps, married François Couillard dit Lafontaine; 2nd marriage 1688 Pierre Janson dit Lapalme, said his name is Lapalme,
Jeanne-Claude De Boisandré, married Louis Lachaise, Louis; 2nd marriage 1686 Jean Létourneau,
Joan Déchard, married Jean Collet dit Le Picard, said his name is Le Picard
Marie De Lamarre, Marie, married Guillaume (William) Renaud,
Catherine De Lostelneau, married Charles Denis,
Marie Angelique De Portas, married Jean Lecompte,
Claude Deschalets, married Simeon Roy dit Ody, said his name was Ody
Elizabeth Deschalets, married François Paris,
Madeleine Deschalets, married Jean Giron,
Marie Deshayes, married Adrien Bétourné dit Laviolette, said his name is Laviolette,
Mary Devault, married Antoine Emery dit Coderre, said his name is Coderre
Barbara Dumont, married François Breton; 2nd marriage 1702 Raymond Courrier dit Bourdelais, said his name is Bourdelais
Hope Durosaire, married Simon Longueville,
Margaret Eloy, marriage Jean Cosset; 2nd marriage 1688 Jean Collet dit Le Picard, said his name is Le Picard,
Marie-Jeanne Fauconnier, married Antoine-Nicolas Dufresne,
Louise Faure, said her name is Planchet, b-1636, married Pierre Gagné,
Catherine Ferre, married Louis Lefebvre,
Madeleine Gaumond, married Jean Langlois; 2nd marriage 1670, Pierre François,
Marie-Jeanne Gauthier, married Gilles Masson,
Joan Groisard, married Zacharie Dupuis,
Françoise Guillin, married André Trajot; 2nd marriage 1709 Claude Robillard,
Marie Guyet, married Pierre Ledoux dit Latreille,
Jeanne Hardy, married Francois Trottain dit St-Surin,
Françoise Hébert, Married Jean Baptiste dit St-Amour; 2nd marriage Philippe Cazelier dit Laverdure,
Elisabeth Hubert, married Louis Bolduc
Marie Hué, married Jean Boesme,
Anne Julien, Married Nicolas Choquet dit Champagne
Marguerite Lamirault, married Honoré Martel dit Lamontagne
Jacqueline Langlois, b-1645, marriage Jean Mee; 2md marriage 1678 Gilles Galipeau dit Lepoitevin
Marie Langlois, married Jean Poirier dit Lajeunesse
Madeleine Larcher,married Elie Voisin,
Françoise Larchevêque, married Jean Dubuc,
Marie Lebrun, married Pierre Barbary dit Grandmaison
Anne Leclerc, married Vincent. Chrétien,
Françoise Leclerc, married Michel. Rifault,
Madeleine Leguay, married Jeqan Garnier
Catherine Leloup, married Isaac Nafrechou,
Andrée Lépine, married Claude Chasle,
Elizabeth Lequin, married Jean Gaigneur dit Laframboise; 2nd marriage 1671 , Étienne Léveillé; 3rd marriage 1688, Pierre Girard
Michelle Lesdiller, ,married Nicolas Milet dit Marandais; 2nd marriage 1685 Pierre Gilbert dit Lachasse,
Marguerite Levaigneur, married Léonard Montreau dit Francoeur
Marie Liardin, married Pierre Lancougnier dit Lacroix
Marie Major, married Antoine Roy dit Desjardins
Anne Michel, married Jacques Paviot dit Lapensée; 2nd marriage 1674, Jean Massault dit St-Martin
Jacquet Michel married Jacques Mignier dit Lagacé, said his name was Lagace,
Mary Mullois, married Pierre De St-Ours, Sieur de l’échaillon,
Marie Pasquier, said her name is Defranclieu, married Charles Couillard, Sieur des Islets et de Beaumont,
Catherine Paul, married Jean De Chambre dit Lachambre,
Mary Paviot, married Antoine Mondin,
Mary Magdalene Philip, married Pierre Tousignant dit Lapointe, said his name is Lapointe
Françoise Monvoisin, married Nicolas Gariteau; 2nd marriage 1672 Marin Gervais
Michelle Ouinville, married Nicolas Barabé; 2nd marriage 1677 Michel Lemay, Michel; third marriage 1685 Louis Montenu,
Marie-Rose Petit, married Hilaire Frappier, Hilaire; 2nd marriage 1714 François Chanluc dit Lagrange,
Marie Piton, married Jean Bergevin dit Langevin, said his name is Langevin
Anne Poitraud, married René Bruneau dit Jolicoeur, said his name is Jolicoeur
Catherine Relot, married Charles Badier dit Laforest, said his name is Laforest
Mary Renaud, married François Leroux dit Cardinal, said his name is Cardinal
Madeleine Rentier, known as Courcoul, married Pliver Roy, Olivier,
Margaret Robineau, married Michel Gauron dit Petitbois, said his name is Petitbois
Mary Robineau, married Jean-Pierre Forgues, dit Monrougeau, said his name is Monrougeau
Henriette Rousseau, married Étienne Pacquet,
Charlotte Roussel, married (I)-Pierre Gauthier dit Sanguingoira, said his name is Sanguingoira (1629-1703)
Marie-Marguerite Routy, married Nicolas Guillaud Sieur Delachaume,
Anne Seigneur, married Jean Besset dit Brisetout, said his name is Brisetout
Jeanne Touzé, married Jean Gazaille dit St-Germain
Marguerite Vaillant, married Jean Dania,
Louise Vaucher, marrier Jean Delguel dit Labrèche
Eighty four marriages, two hundred eleven births and thirty one deaths are recorded in New France.
Quebec birth of illegitmate Jacques Boucault, mother Jeanne Marguerite Boucault, (Tanguay puts her birth as 1661 but this must be an error), Fille du Roi. father not know, Jeanne married Louis Colombe
The king of France Louis XIV offered 150 livres to Indian girls to marry Frenchmen.
(II)-Marie Francoise Froget, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis; married Maurice Pasquier.
Les Filles du Roi, most listed their place of birth as Paris but this was not necessarily true. Charitable institutions, where they received and housed orphans and poor girls who were the primary target sources. They were mostly orphans and came from Normandie, Aunis, Poitou, Champagn, Picardy, Orleans and Beauce. The following Alsale, Dauphine, Provence, Lauguedoc, Rousillon, Bearu, Gascory and county of Foix would not participate, however some claimed to be from some of these locations. We assume they were French but Moor, Portuguese, German and Hollandaise to name a few, were included. There was an Indian nation of Brazil or Moorish nation, born in Brazil listed as Fille du Roi. Most are orphans, some were not and some had already given birth to a child. It is likely some savages, were included who were sent to France for education and eventual marriage to Quebec Frenchmen. They argue these girls were sent to Paris, Bordeaux, Tours and La Rochelle. However deception was not uncommon. All Fille du Roi arrived Quebec but some went on to Trois-Rivieres and Montreal. City raised girls were not desired as they were considered lightheaded and lazy. Some girls were as young as 13 years. Good virtue was a perquisite but easy virtue and boisterous, rebellious nature did make it into their numbers. Only 11% of Fillies du Roi had lost both parents.
Marie de I’lncarnation, mother superior of the Ursuline convent at Quebec wrote: “From now on, we only want to ask for village girls who are as fit for work as men, experience having shown that those who are not raised [in the country] are not fit for the country.” She also wrote this year “We have Francized several young savage woman, both Huron and Algonquin, who we then married to Frenchmen and they are getting along very well together. There is one in particular who knows how to read and write perfectly, both in her native Huron and in French. No-one can tell her apart or be convinced that she was born a savage”. “For this purpose, Mgr our Prelate, has taken a great number of them, all dressed like French people and are taught to read and write as in France”.
(II)-Nicolas Volant de St. Claude, b-1668, Metis, died January 26, 1703, Quebec, son (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636: married Marguerite Godfroy: married July 30, 1696, Quebec, Genevieve Niel
Marie Sauvagesse b-1668 a Micmac, died August 19, 1738 Ste Anne de la Pocatiere married to Francois Valo.
The King of France wants the Savages children brought up in the French manner of life, in order to civilize them. It was noted the French have as many as 15-16 children whereas the Savages have 2-3 children.
As a result of a suggestion from the Jesuit, (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) saw to the building of the first brewery in St. Charles, a section of Fort Quebec, that could produce four thousand hogs-heads of beer annually. Father Francois Le Mercier wrote that this would force a decrease in the use of intoxicating drinks. Moreover, it will keep in the country, the money now sent to buy much liquor in France. It will use the super-abundance of grain. The population of New France is 6,282 persons.
Father Gabriel Sagard urged the Wendat toward the virtues of chastity. The Wendat asked that if chastity is such a fine thing, why did not all the French Christians practice it? Father Gabriel Sagard commenced pressure on the Intendant. This is the same priest who said Etienne Brule (1592-1632) was much addicted to women. The Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) responded to the clerical pressure and forbade bachelors to hunt, fish or trade with the Natives. The Jesuit, to this time had been focusing their missionary attention on the Wendat (Huron) without much success. They began their campaign against the Algonkin for the first time this year.
This year, 78 girls arrived in New France from France that included a Moor, Portuguese, German and Dutch. Many of these girls are town girls little or not at all prepared to work on the land. Some girls are drawn from the General Hospital in Paris and have a considerable inheritance. It is noteworthy that only 41% or 250 of 606 Filles du Roi marriages received a dowry granted by the King. Only 5 received 100 livres as promised, and 2 received 200 livres.
New France no longer wish to ask for only Country Girls (Filles du Roi), as capable of working as men are. Experience has shown that those who have not been raised to it are not suitable here. Therefore, Anne Gasnier (1611-1698) was chosen to go to France to screen future young ladies.
Sault Saint Louis, later called Caughnanaga, is established when Father Pierre Raffeix (1633-1724) a Jesuit, invited Ieven Oneida and Mohawk to settle on Jesuit lands across the river from the Island of Montreal. Other Indian settlements include Sillery, Cap de la Madeleine, Lorette and Saint Francois near Lac St. Pierre. The rules are strict. Drunkenness is punishable by imprisonment, forfeit of any lands held and expulsion. Daily prayers are required. The priests scrutinize every aspect of daily life. Self-flagellation, sleeping on a bed of thorns and other masochistic practices are endorsed. Frontanac claimed that the Jesuits sought to isolate and control the Indians rather than follow the Royal Policy of assimilation.
Marie de I’Incarnation, foundress of the Ursuline Order in New France (1639), wrote: “We have observed that of a hundred that have passed through our hands we have scarcely civilized one. We find docility and intelligence in these girls but, when we are least expecting it, they clamber over our walls and go off to run with their kinsmen in the woods, finding more to please them there than in all the amenities of our French house.” It is amazing that the Recollects, Jesuits and now the Ursuline have all failed in their attempts to Christianize and civilize the Savages. It is hard to believe the the French religious had not rationalized that maybe the French were neither civilized nor Christianized. The Jesuit introduced physical punishment of children, intolerance of other religious beliefs, intolerance of other cultures and were very poor in personal hygiene; only bathing once a year. They offered the French/Catholic yoke vs. freedom, they offered eternal fire and damnation vs. love and understanding. The Jesuits believed that a nomadic life was contrary to the laws of the Roman Catholic Church and incompatible with Christian life. The early Jesuits were called wa-mit-ig-oshe or men who wave a piece of wood over their heads.
Although Jean Talon, Intendant boasted that New France had produced a surplus of wheat. The poor peasants would toss manure into the St. Lawrence River than use it to fertilize their fields. They exhausted the soil by failing to practice crop rotation. The did not feed their cattle properly and instead of raising cows and sheep, they preferred to keep horses for joyriding. The potato didn’t become a staple food in Quebec until the 1800′s.
Parish of Chambly aka St. Joseph de Chambly is established this year
January 2: Quebec, birth (II)-Simon Soumande, Metis, died November 13, 1695, Quebec, son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
February 28: Quebec, birth (III)-Louise Pinguet, Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; married Gaspard Petit.
March 16: Sillery (III)-Genevieve Pelletier Metis daughter (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau; married May 14, 1690 Montreal, Jacques Desgagnes..
August 14: Montreal, birth, (II)-Louise Froget, Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis; married 1691, Montreal Elizabeth Ethier
September 6: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Jean Cote, Metis, died October 5, 1668, Chateau Richer son (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page
October 22: (I)-Claude de Boutroue d’Aubigny (1620-1680) is appointed Intendant of New France from 1668 to July 1669.
November 16: The habitants of New France abandon their farms and their families to go with the fur trade, sometimes without permission, among the Savage Nations. Many give themselves up to debauchery, living a dissolute life to the scandal of the Savages. They settle among the Savages to avoid paying their creditors. They lead the savages to trade with the English.
November 18: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Charles Gervaise, Metis, son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married October 29, 1693, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Marie Boyer
December 1: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Charles Langlois, Metis, son (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau:
1669
The mission L’Ange Gardien de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1669 and entered into contract of marriage
Mary Allence, married Louis Tardif,
Mary Arcular, married Claude Lefebvre dit Boulanger said his name is Boulanger; 2nd marriage 1692 Pierre Lejamble
Francoise Ancelin, married Guillaume Valade dit Asselin, said his name is Asselin
Jeanne Aubert, married Jean Bisson dit Provençal; 2nd marriage 1669 Jean Bisson, said Provencal; 3rd marriage 1677 Joseph De Morache
Marie Catherin Baillon b-1645 married Jacques Miville dit Deschenes
Mary Bardou, married Mathurin Drouet dit Grandmaison, said his name is Grandmaison
Jeanne Bernard, married Jacques Thuillier dit Desvignets, said his name is Desvignets
Anne Bertault, married Robert Chartier,
Marie Bertin, said her name is Breval, married Charles Séguin; 2nd marriage Pierre Luneau,
Mary Boileau, married Pierre Chauvin: 2nd marriage 1669 Simon Chamberland,
m. m. 3: Jolin, Jean, le 4 avril, 1690 3: Jolin, John, April 4, 1690
Lucretia Billot, (illegitimate child, Louise n. 1668), married Jean Sigouin,
Mary Birard, married Pierre Pivin dit Larécompense, said his name is Larécompense
Elizabeth Blais, married Pierre Roche, Pierre; 2nd marriage Vincent Guillot,
Margaret Blaise, married Jean Paquet; 2nd marriage 1670 Isaac Harnois, Isaac,
Marie Bonheur, married Paul Inard dit Provençal, said his name is Provencal
Mary Boutard, married Pierre Bourgery,
Marie Brabant, married Jean De Lalonde dit Lespérance, said his name is Lesperance; 2nd marriage 1688 Pierre Tabault,
Catherine Bureau, married Étienne Corriveau; 2nd marriage Simon Darme
Andree Caillaud, married Denis. Thibault,
Mary Cartignier, married Germain Vanier; 2nd marriage 1685 Jacques Caillé
m. m. 3: Tessier, Marc, le 3 septembre, 1691 3: Tessier, Marc, September 3, 1691
Renee Chanfrain, married Pierre Garand
Margaret Charpentier, married Toussaint Lucas dit Lagarde, said his name is Lagarde
Joan Chartier, married Pierre Rousset dit Beaucourt, said his name is Beaucourt; 2nd marriage François Lavergne,
Margaret Chemereau, married Jean Piet dit Trempe, said his name is Trempe,
Mary Coignard, married Robert Germain
Mary Coipel, married Guillaume Fagot; 2nd marriage 1677 Claude Renard dit Deslauriers, said his name is Deslauriers,
Anne Colin, married Vincent Boissonneau dit Saintonge, said his name is Saintonge
Marie Couet, married Jean Leclerc,
Charlotte Coy, married Jean Brard dit La Reverdra, said his name is La Reverdra; 2nd marriage 1678 Pierre Brunion dit Lapierre, said his name is Lapierre
Joan Crosnier, married François Magnan,
Martinez Crosnier, married Philippe Destroismaisons dit Picard, said his name is Picard
Frances Cure, married Lucas Loiseau
Marie Dain, married François Marquet,
Mary Damois, married Léonard Faucher dit Saint-Maurice, said his name is Saint-Maurice
Catherine De Baillon, married Jacques Miville dit Deschenes, said his name is Deschenes
Mary De Lacour, married Gabriel Roger
François De Lacroix, married René Hubert
Catherine De Lahaye, married Pierre Guignard; 2nd marriage 1685 Étienne Rageat dit Le Lyonnais, said his name is Le Lyonnais; 3rd marriage 1689 Pierre Cordier
Marie-Claude Delahogue, married Jean Sédilot
Margaret Delorme, married René Chartier,
Jeanne Judith De Matras, married Charles Legardeur Sieur Devilliers,
Anne D’ Esquincourt, married Jacques Damien; 2nd marriage 1687 Maurice Olivier,
Anne DeQuain, married François Lareau,
Anne Deschamps, married Michel. Boutet dit Lépine, said his name is Lepine,
LISTED AMONG THE FILLE DU ROI IN 1667 ?
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1643), married Pierre Pouillard, October 12, 1667
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1647), married Michel Verret, Michel, dit Laverdure, October 13, 1669 Michel Verret,
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1656), married 1672, Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre, 1672;
Possibility Marie Deschamps is a savague?
Frances Desfosses, married Jacques Bidet dit desroussels,
Louise Desgranges, m. Delisle, Louis, le 15 octobre, 1669 Delisle, Louis
Louise Desgranges, married Louis Delisle
Marie Deshayes, married Adrien Bétourné dit Laviolette, said his name is Laviolette,
Catherine Desmarais, married François Hileret
Stephanie Desmarais, married Pierre Beaudin
Françoise Desportes, married Pierre Renaud dit Locat, said his name is Locat,
Marie-Agnes Destouches, married Charles Dompierre dit St-Martin, said his name is St. Martin; 2nd marriage 1690 François Garinet
Anne Dodin, married Jean Mouflet dit Champagne, said his name is Champagne
Ambrose Doiett, married Jacques Magnan,
Barbara Dorange, married Jacques Tardif
Catherine Doribeau, married Jacuqes Genest dit Labarre, said his name is Jacuqes Labarre
Antoinette Dumontier, married Jacques Martineau
Joan Fauvault, married Jacques Provost
Nicole Fleming, married Louis Leparc dit St-Louis, said his name is St. Louis
Mary Fleureau, married Jean Delaunay,
Marie Gaillard ou Daire, married Jean-Baptiste Perrier dit Lafleur, said his name is Lafleur; 2nd marriage 1682, Jean Sabourin,
Mary Gauthier, married Pierre Prou
Joan Leonard Genest, married Noël Cardin; 2nd marriage 1671 Pierre Loiseau,
Anne Giraud (Giraut), married 1669 (I)-Mathurin Gauthier (Gautier) (1633-1711)
Anne Godeby, married Julien Talua dit Vendamont, said his name is Vendamont
Joan Godequin, married Vincent Croteau
Anne Goiset, married André Albert dit Laroche, said his name is Laroche
Marie-Madeleine Grangeon, married Martin Richard, Marin (Marino) dit Lavallée, said his name is Lavallee
Madeleine Groleau, married François Marchand
Catherine Guichelin, married Nicolas Buteau; 2nd marriage 1708 Charles Tissiau dit St-Germain, said his name is St. Germain; 3rd marriage 1716 Jean Roy dit Lapensée, said his name is Lapensée
Marie-Madeleine Guilleboeuf, married Jean Plouf; 2nd marriage 1702 Louis Foisy,
Madeleine Guillodeau, married Jean Poitevin dit Laviolette, said his name is Laviolette
Perrette Hali, married Antoine Bordeleau dit Laforest, said his name is Laforest
Madeleine Haneton, married Joachim Reguindeau dit Joachim, said his name is Joachim Joachim
Mary Hatanville, married Robert Senate; 2nd marriage 1683 Jean Fauconnet dit Lafleur, said his name is Lafleur; 3rd marriage 1683 Charles Martin
m. m. 4. 4. César, François, dit La Gardelette, le 25 février, 1686 Caesar, Francis, told The gardelette, February 25, 1686
Perrine Hutru, married Théodore Sureau the Elder
Mary Jalais, married Jean Lauzé dit Matha, said his name is John Matha; 2nd marriage 1680 Robert Leclerc,
Mary Jodon, married André Barbeau dit Laforest, said his name is Laforest
Charlotte Joly, married Antoine Drapeau
Renee Labastille b-1649, said her name is Martin, married 1669 (I)-René Gauthier dit Larose, said his name is Larose (1626-1687)
Joan Labbe, married Jean Élie dit Breton, said his name is Breton
Denise Leclerc, married Claude Delomay; 2nd marriage 1703 Marin Dalleray
Anne Laine, married Étienne Content; 2nd marriage René Bisson dit Lépine, said his name is Lepine; 3rd marriage 1708 Marc Tessier
Charlotte Lamarche, married Jacques Lussier
Joan Lambert, married Étienne (Stephen) Bellinier dit La Ruine, said his name is La Ruine
Frances Latier, married Jean Levert
Marie Lefebvre, married Jean Delastre dit Lajeunesse, said his name is Lajeunesse
Barbara Lefebvre, said her name is Lacroix, married Mathurin Goyer dit Laviolette, said his name is Laviolette
Antoinette Legrand, married Nicolas Prunier dit Picard, said his name was Picard; 2nd marriage 1693 Thomas Neveu dit Lacroix, said his name is Lacroix
Joan Legendre, married Claude Sauvageau
Antoinette Legrand, married Nicolas Prunier dit Picard said his name is Picard; 2nd marriage 1693, Thomas Neveu dit Lacroix, said his name is Lacroix,
Nicolle Legrand, married François Noël,
Madeleine Leguay, married Jacques Larchevêque
Marie Lemaire, married Pierre Ratel,
Antoinette Lenoir, said her name is Pirois, married Jacques Leboeuf,
m. m. 2. 2. Arcouet, Jean, dit Lajeunesse, le 18 juillet, 1701 Arcouet, Jean, said Lajeunesse, July 18, 1701
François Loiseau, married Mathurin Grégoire,
Joan Magdelain, married Antoine Tapin
Joan Mansion, married Jean Cherlot dit Desmoulins, said his name is Desmoulins; 2nd marriage 1712 Vincent Tudault
Marie Marchessault, married Pierre Boutin; 2nd marriage 1670 Jean Michel,
Margaret Marshall, said her name is Dubois, married Sébastien Doison
Barbara Menard, b-1649 married Antoine Vermet (Vermette) dit Laforme, said his name is Laforme
Anne Michel, married Jacques Paviot dit Lapensée, said his name is Lapensée; 2nd marriage 1674 Jean (John) Massault dit St-Martin, said his name is Saint-Martin
Francoise Millot, married Lepicq; 2nd marriage 1688 René Mezeray dit Nopces; 3rd marriage 1697, Léonard Debord dit Lajeunesse, said his name is Lajeunesse
Charlotte Morin, married Pierre Letendre dit Laliberté, said his name is Laliberte
Mary Morin, married Noël ( Christmas) Boissel
Marguerite Navarre, married Étienne Roy (Stephen King)
Marie Madeleine Normand b-1651 married Alphonse Morin dit Valcourt
Agnes Olivier, Agnes, married Louis Sivadier
Anne Ollery, married Thomas Frérot Sieur de Lachenaye, kid brother, Thomas, Sieur de Lachenaye
Marie Pelletier, married Mathurin Renaud; 2nd marriage 1677, Pierre Canard,; 3rd marriage 1703, Jean Joubert,
Mary Pérodeau, married Georges Stems
Anne Perrault, b-1646 married Pierre Blais
Mary Petit, married Nicolas Delage, Nicolas; 2nd marriage 1686 Mathurin Thibodeau dit Lalime, said his name is Lalime,
Marie-Therese Petit, married Christophe Laurent dit Champagne, said his name is Champagne; 2nd marriage Jean Coitou dit St-Jean, said his name is St. John, 1676
Frances Pilois, married André Barsa dit Lafleur, said his name is Lafleur
Mary Poire, married Jean Hardy
Catherine Poitevin, married Adrien Isabel; 2nd marriage 1676 Jean Bourassa,
Margaret Prevost, married Martin (Fish) Poisson, Martin,
Marie Prevost, married François Bruneau,; 2nd marriage 1681 Jean Chauvet dit Lagerne, said his name is Lagern
Mary Priault, married Pierre Geoffrion
Anne-Michelle Renaud, married Jean Laspron dit Lacharité, said his name is Lacharité
Mary Renaud, married Charles Petit
Mary Richard, married Antoine Daunay
Catherine Roy, married Pierre Salvail; 2nd marriage 1669 Jean De Miray,
Nicole Saulnier, married Jean Brochu
Joan Sederay, married Pierre Picard,
Catherine Suret, b-1651 married Nicolas Fâche,
Margaret Tesson, marriage Jean-Paul Maheu,
Madeleine Tetu, married Jean Joubert,
Cecile (Cecily) Valet, married Michel Durand dit Larose, said his name is Larose
Madeleine Judith Vallée, married Jean Herpin dit Tourangeau, said his name is Tourangeau,
Catherine Verrier, married Pierre Rondeau
Margaret Vitry, married Jacques Déry dit Larose, said his name is Larose
Marie Vogue, married Louis Chiron
Quebec (I)-Renee Chanvreux, arrived Quebec, a Filles du Roi.
Father (I)-Claude Jean Allouez (1613-1689) marched southward from Green Bay into the upper Fox River to establish a mission among the Wisconsin People. He recorded this was a very attractive place of plains and open fields and only 6 days march from the Messi-Sipi River. He stayed in this mission until 1670.
The mission Laprairie de la Province de Quebec near Ville-Marie (Montreal), is established this year, as an Iroquois Mission, by Father Pierre Raffeix (1633-1724), a Jesuit. It was moved around over time and eventually settled at Kalmawake, opposite the Lachine Rapids.
Jacques Martin, Metis, b-1666, Acadia, son Pierre Martin, b-1631 and Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, b-1644; (1671 census)
One hundred and twenty five marriages, two hundred eighty eight births and sixty one deaths are recorded in New France.
Trois Tivieres, Quebec, birth, (III)-Madeleine Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue or Mitedmeg8k8e), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699); married October 1681, Boucherville, (II)-Maurice Menard dit Lafontaine, born June 6, 1664 Trois Rivieres and died May 9, 1741 Chambly. Maurice was a voyager, interpreter at Fort Michilimackinac (Mackinaw City, Michigan).
Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Louis Crevier Metis son (II)-Jean Crevier Sieur Duvernet-Duvernay, Metis b-1642 and (II)-Marguerite Hertel
(II)-Ignace Durand, Metis b-1669, died November 30, 1697, Cap St. Ignace, Quebec, son (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671) and Catherine Annennontank, Huronne b-1649; married February 24, 1691 (II)-Marie Catherine Miville daughter (I)-Jacques Miville, epouse September 16, 1701 Quebec, Rene Beaudoin..
A complaint was filed, stating that the last shipload of girls (‘filles du Roi’) from France had arrived and, being taken from a General Hospital, were not strong enough for farm work.
An ancestor of the Garneau clan, (I)-Robert Germain, was born in 1639, married 1669 Fort Quebec, New France Marie Coignart (Courtier) born 1643.
Monsieur de Courcelle (1665-1672) is ordered to organize the male subjects by appointing Captains, Lieutenants and ensigns so that every two or three years, 1,200 well-armed soldiers can be lead into the lands of the Iroquois and also into other Indian nations to maintain them in their obedience and duties to New France.
The French Minister of Marine, Jean Baptiste Colbert, is ordered by King Louis XIV to make the clergy subordinate to the Governor of New France. About this time, Colbert banned lawyers from practicing in New France.
‘Question Extraordinaire’ (torture used to extract testimony) was used in New France at least 30 times against men and women in New France. The Maitre des Hautes Oeuvres or torture master, bound boards to the defendants shins, inserted wedges, and then struck them with a hammer, painfully crushing the bones of the accused.
The people of New France, on their own, could not call a meeting or public assembly.
The inhabitants killed six Oneidas Indians and took their firs and in the spring of 1670 three soldiers killed a Seneca Chief. To prevent an uprising the three soldier were executed.
Parish of Champlain aka Notre Dame de la Visitation de Champlain is established this year
January 13; Quebec, birth (II)-Noel Vachon, Metis, died August 12, 1699, son (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married October 24, 1695 Beauport, Monique Girou
January 21: Marie Chauvet who married August 16, 1668, Quebec to Pierre Faye dit Vilfaghan is accused of adultery with Pierre Vivien and Etienne Le Roy and is condemned to be shaved and beaten with canes in the public square.
February 19: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (II)- Jean Baptiste Gadois, b-1641, died April 15, 1728 Ville-Marie (Montreal), married (II)-Marguerite Gervaise died January 18, 1690, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Ville-Marie (Montreal); married February 19, 1669, Ville-Marie (Montreal),
April 5: King Louis XIV inaugurated the ‘baby bonus’ in New France to encourage population growth. The parents of 10 legitimate children received a pension of 300 Livres, and 12 children 400 Livres.
April 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Pierre Fournier, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married November 24, 1695, St. Thomas, Marie Isabelle.
April 28 (29): Francois Blanche dit Langivan of Trois Riveres killed Daniel LaMaire dit des Rochers in a duel. This was the first death as a result of dueling in New France. Francois was sentenced to death and executed on July 8, 1669 in Quebec.
May 14: (I)-Jean Talon (1624-1694) is reappointed Intendant of New France from August 18, 1669 to August 1675.
June 8: Quebec, birth (III)-Joseph Miville. Metis, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687); married June 8, 1695, Cap St. Ignace, Genevieve Caron
June 10: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Du Bocq, Metis son (I)-Laurent Du Bocq b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse.
July: Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) falsely claimed to speak fluent Iroquois in order to join a Sulpician expedition into Iroquois country. Upon encountering the Seneca people, he had to admit his total ignorance of their language and departed the expedition to become a Coureurs des Bois. This expedition included 14 men in five canoes plus the Sulpician Dollier de Casson with three canoes and seven recruits along with Abbe Rene de Brehan de Galinee. The expedition soon realized that La Salle, although of wealthy birth ,was totally incompetent. They wrote that he was in a daze, more or less, not knowing where he is going.
September 28, Montreal birth (II)-Jean Gauthier dit Sakingoara Saguingoira, son (I)-Pierre Gauter dit Saguingoira (1629-1703) and Marie Charlotte Roussel b-1646; married 1701 Kaskakia (Illonois) Marie Suzanne Capei8suec8a
October 7: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Soumande, Metis, died May 22, 1716, Quebec, son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637; married October 30, 1698,m Quebec, Anne Chapoux,
October 13: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Francoise Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); 1st married February, 1, 1686, Chateau Richer, Antoine Doyon; 2nd marriage November 16, 1711, Chateau Richer, Joseph Paquier.
October 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage Jean Baptiste Gadois and (II)-Marguerite Gervaise died January 18, 1690, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Ville-Marie (Montreal).
November: On the north shore of Lake Erie, (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) announced he was sick and returning to Quebec. He disappeared into the bush.
November 1: Quebec, birth, (II)-Jean Dubeau, Metis, died September 12, 1743, St. Augustin, son (I)-Laurent Dubeau, b-1636, and Marie Felix d’Arontio, Huronne, sauvahesse, d-1689: married November 22, 1703, St. Augustin, Marguerite Harnois.
December 15: Quebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 to (II)-Elizabeth Langlois (1645-1696) veuve 1662, Quebec, Louis Cote, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) d-1665. Guillaume espouse October 12, 1699 Cap St. Ignace, (III)-Louise Picard, veuve Louis Gagne.
Note:Several ManyRoads readers have questioned the accuracy of some of the Metis claims presented in this document by Mr. Garneau. Should you have evidence that you would like to present refuting the veracity and accuracy of any claims made by Mr. Garneau, which you would like us to present here, please contact us directly.
We are happy to present all relevant information here, in the interest of fairness, full disclosure and accuracy.
The following material is written by: R.D. (Dick) Garneau, who is solely responsible for its accuracy.
1620
Population of Kebec 83 French
(I)-Adrien du Chesne (Duchene), a surgeon, from Dieppe arrived Kebec this year. He remained in Kebec with his wife during the English occupation.
Pierre Antoine Pastedechouan a young Montagnais is taken to France for an education in French, Latin and is baptized.
(I)-Abraham Martin dit l’Ecossais, (1589-1664) the father of the bride, (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679) was one of the earliest colonists of the country. Having arrived before 1610, with his wife, he practiced the trade of royal pilot. His presence in New France, during the occupation by the Kirke brothers, between 1629 and 1632, is not unanimous with historians. Some, following Benjamin Sulte, affirm it strongly. Archange Godbout doubts it. Marcel Trudel and Rene Jette are of the opinion that, he and his family returned to France, which seems to be the case if we believe the observations held by Father Le Jeune, in 1632. (II)-Eustache Martin, Metis, b-1621 the eldest son of Abraham and his sister, Marguerite, were baptized respectively in 1621 and 1623, were the second and third children of White men born at Quebec, the first having been their cousin Helene Desportes, born in 1620, to the marriage of Pierre Desportes and Francoise Langlois. See 1609 – 1610 & 1624.
Guers a commission agent of the Duke Montmorency is in Kebec.
Kebec, baptism (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) son (I)-Louis Hebert, Metis (1575-1727) and (I)-Marie Rollet d-1649; married October 1, 1634, Kebec, Helene Desportes .
(I)-Oliver Tardif dit LeTardif, b-1601, died January 28, 1665, Chateau Richer was in the employ of Samuel de Champlain as interpreter to the Huron Nation. Tardif joined forces with Roch Manitouabewich of the Huron Nation as a guide, scout and traveling companion. Roch and his Huron wife later had a child who they named Marie Oliver Sylvestre, b-1626 in honor of Tardif. Tardif adopted the girl so she could receive a Christian education and at 10 years of age, in 1636 was placed with the family of (I)-Guillaume Hubou, d-1653, and Marie Rollet,d-1649, epouse (I)-Louis Herbert.
(I)-Noel Morin aka Morini (1609-1679) (Morini means brown of skin) arrived Kebec 1619 or 1620, married December 27, 1639, Quebec (II)-Helene Desportes (1620-1675) daughter (I)-Pierre Desportes and Francois Langlois.
Most Frenchmen who took Indian wives, this century in New France, did so a la facon du pays (according to Indian customs), regardless of French marriage laws and customs. Unfortunately most were not recorded or their Metis offspring.
The pirates dominated the coast of New France from 1612 to 1620, having stole 40,800 L and 1,080 fur traders and fishermen who were sold into slavery. This is astonishing considering Kebec only has 60-67 colonists at this time. The Hurons are supplying 50-60% of the French furs, and their other major industry for trade is agriculture.
John Nutt of England with his wife and family lived at Torby, Newfoundland. He captured a French fishing boat and became a pirate 1620 to 1623 and then captured two more French ships.
(I)-Jacques Archambault (venu de France avec sa famille) b-1604, died February 15, 1688, Montreal. married 1629 France, Francoise Toureau, sauvageese, b-1600, died December 9, 1663 Montreal. Some suggest Jacques Archambault married January 24, 1629, France, Francois Toureau, b-1600 France, died December 1663. Others suggest he married Francoise Chanveau b-1599 on January 24, 1629 in France. Others suggest 1st married, January 24, 1620, France, Francois Toureau (Touraude) daughter Francois Toueaude and Marthe Noel; 2nd marriage, June 6, 1666, Trois River, Marie Denote. The children attributed to Jacques and Francoise are Anne b-1621, likely Metis, Marie (I), b-1636, Louise, b-1640, Laurent, b-1642, and Marie (2), b-1644. It is reported that Jacques, Francoise and family arrived Quebec 1645. Also see Tanguay for Francois Toureau. As I see it there are three possibilities, 1. Tanguay made an error, 2. There are two Jacques Archambault in New France, 3. Jacques was in New France in 1620 and returned to France then returned to New France in 1645 and had 3 marriages one a country marriage to a sauvageese in 1620. This may account for one child born 1621 and the next child born 1636. It’s possible (I)-Denis Archambault died, August 25, 1651, Montreal, when a canon exploded, and he might be mixed up in this genealogy? Why would Tanguay post this under 1620 and say he came with his family, he had no family at this time? Every time I look at this it gets more messed up. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646. My best guess is we are dealing with more than one Jacques Archambault. The (OMFR) Ontario Metis Family Records identified Francois Toureau (1559-1663) as aboriginal.
The PRDH and Fischer Original, state the family all came from De Lardillière À Dompierre-Sur-Mer, Aunis, France, and Notary Adhemar reports their birth place as France, also.
SHARLENE BELL-HAUSSMANN says:
The first child I have is Jacques born c1629, (no other mention of him, so may have died in France) then Denis born 1630 then Anne I. the last child, of nine, is Marie II born 1644 in France.
Anne Archambault I – Born 1631 France.
ADHÉMAR — Fiche biographique
Archambault I, Anne
Informations générales
Sexe féminin
Naissance 1631/01/01 (Dompierre-sur-Mer, Lardillière)
Décès 1699/07/29 (Montréal)
Parents Archambault, Jacques ; Tourault, Françoise
Occupation(s) Connue(s)
Occupation Début Fin Groupe professionnel du chef de famille
inconnue 1678/07/16 1699/07/28 administration civile
Conjoints
Conjoint Début de l’union Fin de l’union
Chauvin dit Sainte-Suzanne, Michel 1647/07/29 1650/09/30
Gervaise, Jean 1654/02/03 1690/03/11
Laurent Archambault
ADHÉMAR — Fiche biographique
Archambault, Laurent
Informations générales
Sexe masculin
Naissance 1642/01/10 (Dompierre-sur-Mer, Lardillière)
Décès 1730/04/19 (Pointe-aux-Trembles)
Parents Archambault, Jacques ; Tourault, Françoise
Occupation(s) Connue(s)
Occupation Début Fin Groupe professionnel du chef de famille
cultivateur et charpentier 1672/03/03 1693/03/24 agriculture-grande
Conjoints
Conjoint Début de l’union Fin de l’union
Marchand, Catherine 1660/01/07 1713/02/24
Marie Archambault I
ADHÉMAR — Fiche biographique
Archambault I, Marie
Informations générales
Sexe féminin
Naissance 1636/02/24 (Dompierre-sur-Mer)
Décès 1719/08/16 (Pointe-aux-Trembles)
Parents Archambault, Jacques ; Tourault, Françoise
Occupation(s) Connue(s)
Occupation Début Fin Groupe professionnel du chef de famille
inconnue 1668/04/26 1702/01/21 agriculture-grande
Conjoints
Conjoint Début de l’union Fin de l’union
Tessier dit Lavigne, UrbainI_ 1648/09/28 1689/03/20
Port La Tour, Acadia, birth Andre Lasner, Metis son Louis Lasnier of Dieppe and Indian woman. Some believe this is the first recorded Metis birth in North America.
(II)-Anne Herbert, died Kebec, 1620, daughter, (I)-Louis Herbert, born 1575, died January 25, 1627, and (I)-Marie Rollet (d-1649); was married to (I)-Etienne Jonquit.
There is only sixty-seven official colonists, including women and children, in Fort Kebec (Quebec) at this time. Included are four French Recollects that are an offshoot of the Franciscan. The Franciscan or Minoritie are an old order, being established in 1223. The Franciscans are not popular with the Curia, as they demanded absolute poverty to awaken popular piety and scientific works. The Franciscan established themselves at St. Charles River. These first priests are Father’s Joseph Le Caron (1586-1632), Jean D’Olbeau, Dennis Jamey and Pacifique du Plessis. Father Jean D’Olbeau said the first mass in New France, then removed himself to the Tadoussac Trading Post. Carbon attached himself to the Wendat Nation. This would imply that 15 colonists either died, returned to France or are in the country as free traders?
Kabec begins to fortify their fort.
The free fur traders established a trading post called Palace Royal at Hochelaga (Ville-Marie Montreal). The Catholic Priests would later consider these free traders as having the instincts and morals of pirates. They would call them Coureurs des Bois. The priests would come to believe that free thinking and free trading pose a considerable threat to the fur trade and religious monopoly. Their thinking is consistent with the rising French philosophy of absolutism; one King, one Religion. Because of this absolutism belief, the Church historians largely ignore the contribution of the early Coureurs des Bois in opening up the continent. Unfortunately, they had to glorify some lesser men or claim the glory for themselves. Meanwhile, the Wendat (Huron) are building upon their farming and trading empire and are the major merchant center in New France. They would supply New France with beans and corn. Later tobacco would become a major trade item.
Few European women survived in New England, and the Company of Virginia undertook the recruitment of young and uncorrupted maids for Jamestown. The population of Jamestown, Virginia drops from 1,000 to 866 due to death or abandonment. The English Puritans who seceded from the Church of England exiled in the Netherlands, obtained patent for a settlement near the Hudson River in Southern Virginia. The Mayflower arrived on November 9, 1620 at Cape Cod (Provincetown) harbor. This location is outside Virginia, making their patent useless, so they claimed their own liberty, as none had the power to command them. They established a civil body politic, claiming submission and obedience to just and equal laws. They relocated to Plymouth on December 16 and, by spring, 52 of the 102 died. The Wampanoag Indians showed them how to plant and cultivate corn. They eventually would trade corn for beaver pelts.
(I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne (1598-1642) lived among the Algonquians of Allumette Island on the Ottawa River and Nipissing until 1620-1621. He spent the next 8-9 years(1622-1630/31) with the Algonquin Nipissiriniens at Lake Nipissing.. The French called the Nipissings the Nation des Sorciers. He traveled Green Bay and the Fox and Illinois Rivers. He had his own cabin which likely suggests he had a family. He married likely about 1622-1630) a Nipissing woman b-1610 and had a daughter Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet. Metis, born 1623-1631) and a 2nd marriage October 7, 1737, Kebec, (II)-Marguerite Couillard, Metis, b-1626
Father Joseph de la Roche, a Recollect, became a missionary to Kebec.
The Company of de Caen is created led by the De Caens, Guillaume Robin, Jacques de Troyes and Francois Herve, merchants; Francois de Troyes, chief of Royal Finances at Orleans, Claude le Ragois, receiver general of finance at Limoges; Pierre de Verton, counselor secretary of the King and others.
The first fort to occupy the top of the cliff at Quebec City was the one (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) constructed in 1620. It consisted of a few wooden buildings surrounded by a palisade.
New France begins formal registration of births, marriages and deaths at Kebec. Country marriages are not acknowledged.
The Recollets built a convent and chapel in 1620-1621 on St. Charles River, about one half a French league from Fort Kebec. They named it Notre Dame des Anges (on the site of the future General Hospital).
February 25: (I)-Henri II, Duc de Montmorency (1595-1632), is appointed Viceroy of New France, and (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) is confirmed as his lieutenant. He began construction of Fort Saint Louis on the cliff at Fort Kebec (Quebec). Henri II, Duc de Montmorency (1595-1632), Grand Admiral of France, had bought Prince de Conde’s interests, and he established Compagne de Montmorency for la Nouvelle France that gave a trade monopoly to Guillaume William de Caen, a merchant, and Calvinist and his cousin Emary, a naval Captain. He had an eleven-year trade monopoly that required he established six Recollects at Kebec and settle six French families per year. He is told to not annoy the Fathers or any of the Orthodox Christians. The Company of De Caen included Guillaume Robin, Jacques De Troyes, Francois Herve, Francois De Troyes, Claude Le Ragois, Pierre De Verton and others.
May 8: (I)-Helene Boulle born 1598 and married 1610 to (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) arrived at Kebec with her husband and four women servants.
June 3: The Recollets laid the cornerstone of the first stone church and convent in Kebec, Notre Dame des Anges on the St. Charles river, about 1/2 league from Fort of Kebec.
July 20, (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), an employee of The Company of De Caen, arrived in Kebec and began construction of Fort Saint Louis on Cap aux Diamants, on the cliff at Kebec.
August 30: family arrived Quebec, (I)-Abraham Martin, dit I’ecossois (1589-1664) a Scotsman, with 2nd wife Marguerite Langlois b-1611 he married this year in France, (not likely see 1609 – 1610 & 1624) her sister (I)-Francoise Langlois b-1600 who married December 31, 1620, France, (I)-Pierre Desportes, b-1600 and daughter (II)-Anne Martin. It is noteworthy that the Plains of Abraham is named after Martin. (I)- Pierre Desportes, b-1600 married December 31, 1620, France (I)- Francoise Langlois (1599-1629). This appears highly unlikely as Francoise was already in Kebec. Others suggest Martin & Desportes arrived Kebec in 1619 or 1620. Some suggest both families stayed in Kebec during the English occupation, while others say they were deported. It is noteworthy that (II)-Helene Desportes (1620-1675) daughter (I)-Pierre Desportes and (I)-Francois Langlois arrived this date, this year so it not likely they were married in December this year in France. This conflicting information could suggest Francois might be Indian or Metis?? Some suggest Tanguay made an error and (II)-Helene Desportes was b-1601?
August 30: Kebec (II)-Anne Martin (1614-1684) arrived with father (I)-Abraham Martin, a Frenchman and stepmother Marguerite Langlois, a shipmate aboard the Le Sallemande. Her biological mother was Guillemette Couillard. Anne married 1636 Kebec, Jean Cote d-1661, who arrived Kebec July 20, 1635.
November 8: Henri, Duc de Montmorency (1595-1632), Viceroy of New France, bought the Prince de Conde’s commercial interests and established the Compagnie de Montmorency pour la Nouvelle France which gave a monopoly to Guillaume de Caen and his cousin Emery.
December: Gape Cod, the colonists discovered a corpse with blond hair and assumed he was from a French shipwreck a few years earlier.
1621
Population of Kebec 85 French + 1 marriage + 1 birth
George Baltimore established a colony in Placentia Bay (Avalon), Newfoundland but was abandon in 1629.
(I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1658), a physician arrived and stayed Kebec until 1627 and had his own cabin in the woods. Others say he was in Kebec (1627-1629). see 1628 re, attempt to marry Indian girl.
(I)-Jacques Alard, Halard et Allard dit Labarre arrived Kebec this year.
(II)-Anne Archambault, Metis b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Montreal, daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married February 3, 1654, Jean Gervaise. Not listed as a family in 1629 in Kebec.
(I)-Rounier arried Kebec from Duponf
(I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) is in Georgian Bay this year.
(I)-Emery de Caen arrived Kebec this year and visited Kebec every year. He was provisional governor during Champlain absence and (1632-1633)
(I)-Jacques Alard Halard et Allard dit Labarre arrived Quebec 1621 and is at Tadoussac in 1624.
(II)-Radegonde Joy Lambert b-1621/1629 (Metis). d-1686, daughter (I)-Jean Antoine Lambert and Marie Radegonde Kagijonais a MicMac; married about 1642 Port Royal toJean Blanchard b-1611
(I)-Greffler Nicolas is at Kebec this year
(I)-Pierre Roy is living Kebec this year.
The mission Quebec de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
The Parish registers of New France contain about 300,000 entries describing all Catholic baptisms, weddings and funerals from 1621 to 1760 with very few missing records. The main reason was to guard against bigamy and consanguineous marriages. All French Canadians can trace their ancestors to some 10,000 French settlers. Only 27,000 Frenchmen came to Canada but 2/3rds returned to France, leaving no recorded descendents. The British, in the same period, would send over one million to America. Unfortunately, many of the mixed blood children would go unreported.
(I)-Abraham Martin’s wife Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611 (not likely see 1609 – 1610 & 1624) had the first (5th known) European child born in New France named (II)-Eustache Martin. The first known children were born 1610, 1611, 1619 and 1621 Kebec. The Metis children born New France are not considered European. This, of course, excludes the Viking, Basque, Spanish, Chinese and other previously born aliens, to say nothing of the mixed blood children. The Europeans, as a culture, is driven by a masochistic fetish to be recognized as the first to see or do in hopes of being recorded in history. This cultural inferiority complex appears very deeply rooted.
Jamestown, Virginia population stands at 843, down 23 from last year, even given the the influx of 1051 settlers this year. It is interesting to note that England began to diversify the Virginia economy by purchasing vines and olive trees from France for the colonies. France had no such self-sufficient policies for her colonies.
January 3: Henri, Duc de Montmorency (1595-1632), Viceroy of New France, named Guillaume de Caen, General of the Fleet of the new company known as the Compagnie de Caen. The company gained an 11 year monopoly of trade in the St. Lawrence River valley. The had to maintain six Recollet priests at Kebec, settle six families per year and not trade in arms with the savages.
June 3: The Dutch West India Company is created this year, as successor to the United New Netherlands Company chartered in October 11, 1614, and is trading guns to the Iroquois.
August 16: (I)-Oliver Le Tardif (1601-1665) signed a petition in Kebec to settle company disputes by Royal authority.
August 26: Kebec, marriage (II)-Guillemette Hebert, Metis b-1606, died October 20, 1684, Quebec, daughter (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1727) and (I)-Marie Rollet d-1649; married August 26, 1621, Kebec, Guillaume Couillard (see 1602)
August 26: Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663) who some say preceded the Herbert’s to Kebec. married (II)-Marie Guillaumette Herbert,Metis, (1606-1684), daughter of (I)-Louis Herbert, born 1575 died January 25, 1627 and (I)-Marie Rollet (d-1649) (some suggest she died May 27, 1619). It is believed Couillard is the second recorded marriage in Kebec.(see 1602)
September 10: King James I of Great Britain ignored the French Acadian claims and granted Acadia ( Nova Scotia), New Brunswick and Cape Gaspe to the St. Croix River in fact all of Canada to (I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640); a Scott. Alexander had convinced the King that he needed a New Scotlande comparable to New France, New Holland and New England. (I)-Alexander was made Lord Proprietor of the new territory, Acadia, to be called Nova Scotia. Alexander was to setup a colony called New Scotlande. (I)-Alexander however was unable to establish a settlement in the next six years. The term New Scotlande in Latin reads Nova Scotia.
October 24: Kebec, birth (II)-Eustache Martin, Metis, b-1621, Kebec, son of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage and or Marguerite Langlois, Metis b-1611; See 1609 – 1610 & 1624.
1622
Population of Kebec 69 French + 16 Huron
(I)-Le Baillif, a native of Amiens, France arrived Tadoussuc. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) claimed he was a vicious man.
(I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1632) and Grenolle met with the Ojibwa at Sault Ste Marie.
Guillaume Poulin, the Recollect, reached the Nipissing and encountered the Iroquois, suffering torture at their hands.
The Virginia Company allowed any Englishman who agreed to take 250 people to Virginia at his own expense, to choose a tract of land in the colony, of 1,250 acres or more. He would be given the powers of local self-government. Unfortunately, they didn’t negotiate the land acquisition with the inhabiting Indians. Powhatan, the brother of Pocahontas, died, and his brother, Opechancanough, resented the steady encroachment of the English on their cornfields. The Indians attacked the English, killing 347 colonists in Virginia.
A settlement is begun at Piscataquia (Kittery Point, Maine) and Monhegan Island, Maine.
March 20: Louis XIII merged the Compagne de Montmorency and the older Compagne des Matchands de Rouen and de Saint Malo, under the direction of the William de Caens- a Calvinist.
June: (I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640) sent colonists from Scotland to Acadia ( Nova Scotia), but they wintered at St. John’s, Newfoundland.
1623
Population of Kebec 36 French + 16 Huron
(I)-Etienne Brule an intermediary for the Hurons and French since 1611 came to Kebec with Desmaris. Etienne was given over to the English, he was killed and eaten by the Hurons.
(I)-Jean Le Cocq was killed by a block at Kebec.
(I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627) is granted more land at Kebec. He was granted 10 acres in 1616.
(II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) 1st married an Micmac Indian Woman and they had 3 Metis daughters and one Metis son. One daughter Antoinette became an Ursuline nun. He had a second marriage to Francois Jacquelin to improve his standing in France she was more of a business partner. He was likely a bigamist.
(I)-Jean Le Cocq, died 1623 Kebec.
(I)-Oliver Le Tardif (1601-1665) is serving as an interpreter, that he was proficient in the Montagnais, Algonkin, and Huron dialects.
A road was completed to the upper town of Kebec.
A delegation of western savages arrived in Kebec to trade, and they complained that the Huron and some Algonkin had held them up and robbed them of much of their cargo, as they were being bypassed in trade.
Father (I)-Nicolas Viel, d-1625, a Recollet, and lay brother (I)-Gabriel Sagard Theodat d-1636, visited the Huron (Wendat). Friar (I)-Gabriel Sagard Theodat d-1636, a Recollet considered the savages quite kind, more so than many civilized people, but he condemned their religious ignorance and stressed the need for them to learn to live like Frenchmen. The missionaries found the savages going about naked most disconcerting. Trial marriage also disturbed them, but the Huron could not understand why these French are so coy when other Frenchmen previously encountered had not rejected the advances of the young unmarried girls. Friar (I)-Gabrial Sagard noted that several French men are in the interior; one 100 leagues north of the lakes, with the Neutrals and Tobacco nations. This is likely a second hand story, as the Neutrals and Tobacco Nations are south of the lakes.
Friar Gabriel Theodat Sagard, a Recollet complained bitterly of the hardships endured by traveling and living with the savages when they established a mission at Quienonascaran.
Fort Nassau (Gloucester, New Jersey) is established this year.
Fort Orange is established on the Hudson River, New York.
(I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640) and his settlers arrived Cape Sable but found the region in full possession by the French so he returned to England.
Since I came out of the ship, I never ate anything but peas, and loblollie (that is water gruel) as for deer or venison I never saw any since I came into this land, there is indeed some fowl, but we are not allowed to go, and get it, but must work hard both early, and later for a mess of water gruel, and a mouthful of bread, and beef, a mouthful of bread for a penny loaf must serve for 4 men….–Richard Frethorne, 1623
February 4: Henri II, Due de Montmorency (1595-1632), Grand Admiral of France, began the feudal land system in Canada by granting the fief of Sault au Matelot to (I)-Louis Herbert (1575-1627). This grant is based on an assumption that all lands discovered belong to the King. Originally, most people believed God owned all the lands and men were only the caretakers. When ancient Middle East peoples invented the belief that Kings are gods, a natural conclusion is a belief that the King owned the land.
April 7: George Calvert (1580-1632) obtained a Royal Charter for the Province of Avalon, Newfoundland, which he acquired from William Vaughn.
June 28: (I)-Gabriel Theodat Sagard a Recollet frier, d-1636 arrived this date Kebec. He would return to France in 1625 to write a history of New France. He was possessed with Demonic possessions and of diabolical apparitions. He had an undeniable credulousness. It was his testimony that destroyed (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) reputation with (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635). It’s possible he also poisoned the Huron mind against Brule and the belief he was killed because of immorality with the Indian women..
1624
Population of Kebec 47 French + 10 Huron + 1 birth
(I)-Pilote Gascoin arrived Kabec this year.
(I)-Jacques Alard Halard et Allard dit Labarre arrived Quebec 1621 and is at Tadoussac in 1624.
(I)-Acadia, marriage Charles de LaTour to a Louise Sauvagesse, d-1704. Charles married a native woman of the First Nations in 1624 and he had a daughter, (II)-Jeanne de LaTour, Metis born in 1625, who married c. 1655 Martin de Martignon d’Apprendisteguy, a Basque who raised his Metis family in La Rochelle, France. Charles had previously had other children including a son by another Indian woman who was named (II)-Stephen La Tour, Metis. It’s highly likely Martins Metis children returned to New France maybe under the sir name Martin as Basques were not appreciated in New France. (See 1642 Pierre Martin, very interesting?)
(I)-Nicolas Pivert and wife Marguerite Lesage, d-November 20, 1643 Kebec are living Kebec at this time.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), lieutenant of the Compagnie de Chaen, laid the cornerstone for a new stone Habitation at Kebec on the site of the original one.
Only Father (I)-Le Caron, (1586-1632) Recollet, remained at the mission Quienonascaran, Huronia to service 30,000 Savages.
The Recollet Gabriel Sagard, d-1636 began his campaign to discredit (I)-Etienne Brue (Brule) (1592-1632) because of his loose morals with his Country wife a Huron with whom he fathered a number of Metis children. Sagard also claimed Brule was working with the free trading fur merchants.
The Recollet had established six missions in New France: Tadoussac, Kebec, Trois Rivieres, Carhagouha in Huron Country, and one among the Nipissing. Another location is Acadia on St. John River being established in 1619 and closed 1624. The Recollet by their charter were forbidden to own property. Trois Rivieres was a major historic trading center and was occupied by the French free traders during the English occupation.
The Iroquois came to trade and make peace with the Huron and Algonkin. Champlain agreed to mediate and could have achieved a lasting peace. The Company Directors, however were horrified, as peace would allow the savages to divert some of the trade to the Dutch. This all or nothing philosophy, derived from One God, One King, One Church principle, is the foundation of war. The French failed to understand that the Indians had practiced free trade for generations. The Indians also practiced the freedom of religion. The French would instigate measures to ensure that peace was not achieved.
A peace treaty is established between the French, Algonquins, Wendat (Huron) and the Iroquois.
Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642), at age 39 years, became Chief Minister to the French Crown until 1642. He, in effect controlled France and, therefore, became the absolute master of New France. He imposed a New France monopoly on all commerce and proclaimed equal rights to all baptized Natives. Church and State would later repeal this order. He basically imposed absolutism on New France. Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642), believed that the colonies exist to enrich the mother country by exporting raw materials and by importing finished manufactured products. This philosophy, with slight modifications, became entrenched into Canadian culture and survives, especially in the Liberal Party, into the twenty first century.
Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642), began recruiting a hundred French-Roman Catholic men of wealth and affluence to make a covenant with the King for control of New France. (VIII)-Francis Xavier Garneau, however, would later write that Cardinal Richelieu committed a ‘great mistake’ when he consented to exclude the Protestants from New France. Xavier fully understood the implications of not giving equal rights to Protestants or non-baptized persons. The Roman Catholic Church contributed to the creation of a cast system in Canada that would remain into current times. As a result many mixed marriages and Metis offspring were not recognized.
The Company of New France was personally controlled and managed by Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642). The Company was given authority over America from Florida to the Artic Circle, from New Found Land to Lake Huron. Only Roman Catholics were allowed to join and no Huguenot or foreigner is allowed into New France.
Gabriel Sagard, the Recollet, denounced (I)- Etienne Brule (1591-1633), claiming he was working for the fur merchants who were opponents of Compagnie de Chaen. This is likely a false allegation because Brule had a country wife and fathered a number of Metis children and the Recollet considered this an immoral act, Demonic possession.
The Dutch West India Company established Fort Orange (Albany).
Robert Gorges established a colony at Agamenticus (York, Maine).
Helen Boulle departed Tadoussac for France
–Journals of the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1624, on life in Virginia during the Starving Times
So lamentable was our scarcity that we were constrained to eat dogs, cats, rats, snakes, toadstools, horsehides, and what not. One man out of the misery he endured, killing his wife, powdered her up to eat her, for which he was burned. Many besides fed on the corpses of dead men, and one who had gotten insatiable out of custom to that food could not be restrained until such time as he was executed for it.
January 4: Kebec, baptism, (II)-Marguerite Martin, the daughter of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’ecossais (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, (Metis or savage), b-1611, was baptized at Quebec, on January 4, 1624 and displayed the freshness of her thirteen years against the mature thirties that her suitor had already accumulated. The young girl was assisted by her godfather and godmother, Nicolas Pivert and Marguerite Lesage and Guillaume Hebert . What probably appeared to her as a fortune was the 200 livres promised from her groom to her, plus a dowry of 50 livres. The couple benefited also from the 100 livres in silver which Abraham Martin gave Etienne after the wedding, plus utensils and clothes valued at 64 livres. The godfather and godmother, who had no children, also gave a gift of 100 livres, in silver, several articles of clothing and utensils appraised at 260 livres, for a total value of 524 livres. Also noted was the presence of Guillaume Hebert, Olivier Tardif/LeTardif, general clerk and Adrien Duchesne, the first surgeon of Quebec. Also see 1609 – 1610
January 4: (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis, born January 4, 1624, Kebec, died November 25, 1679, Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’ecossais, (1589-1664) and savage and or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?); married May 22, 1638, Kebec, (I)-Etienne Racine (1607-1689). Thierry Des Dames is godfather of (II)-Marguerite Martin, a girl of (I)-Abraham Martin, in 1624, Kebec . Marguerite Lesage, wife of (I)-Nicolas Pivert is godmother to (II)-Marguerite Martin.
August 15: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), lieutenant of the Compagnie de Chaen, departed Kebec, arriving at Dieppe, France on October 1.
October 18: King James I created the order of Knights Baronet of Acadia ( Nova Scotia). Any man could become a Baronet of Acadia ( Nova Scotia) if he lived on his grant of land or paid £150.
September: One of the Compagnie de Caen’s vessels, on its way to New France, is captured by the Turks, and the Frenchmen are carried away as slaves.
1625
Population of Kebec 59 French + 1 birth
(I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) married Julienne Barry (Baril), possible daughter (I)-Jean Barry, d-1658, servant Lambert, one son born 1626 (II)-Francois Boucher b-1626 Not included in Tanguy list families in 1629. 2nd marriage 1632 Perinne Malet (1606-1687), neither women are mentioned anywhere, therefore possible savages?
Some contend (I)-Etienne Brule (1592-1632) was in the Detroit area 1625/1626.
(II)-Louise Couillard, Metis, b-1625 Kebec, daughter (I)-Guillaume Concillard and (II)-Guillemette Hebert, Metis, b-1606. (see 1602)
Jean Juchereau d-1661, Quebec, married 1625, (I)-Marie Langlois, died January 15, 1661, Quebec.
Acadia, marriage (II)-Charles De Saint Etienne De La Tour (1595-1665) son (I)-Claudew De Saint Etienne De La Tour; married Acadia Louise Mi’Kmaq a native person; the had four children (III)-Jeanne La Tour, Metis, who married Martin d’Aprendestiguy de Martigon’ (III)-Antoinette La Tour, Metis, who became a nun, (III)-Marie La Tour, Metis, who also became a nun and possibly a Metis son. The marriage was blessed in 1626 and the children were baptized . (III)-Stephen LaTour Metis a son of (II)-Charles LaTour was recorded as traveling with his father.
(II)-”Charles LaTour traveled the woods with 18 or 20 men, mingled with the savages and lived an infamous and libertine life, without any practice of religion, not even bothering to baptize the children they procreated and instead abandoned them to their poor, miserable mothers as the coureurs de bois still do today. These half-breed children, called METIS by the French, became some of the staunchest allies of the first French families of Acadia. Many of them were baptized by French missionaries and clung to the faith of their fathers. They diligently pursued the trade in furs that sealed the relationship between the worlds of their fathers and their mothers.”
Pierre Antoine Pastedechouan a young Montagnais is taken to France in 1620 for an education in French, Latin and is baptized and returned to Kebec this year..
Father/brother? Nicolas Viel, d-1625, a Recollet Father/brother left a dictionary of the Huron (Wendat) language. He died in the rapids of Sault-au-Recollet. The Jesuits lied and told France that the Recollets didn’t understand the Huron language. This was a cover up for their difficulty in learning the language.
The Jesuit (Black Robes) arrived Kebec this year. They resided with the Recolet Fathers as there was no room at Fort Kebec. Their effort to impose alien religion upon the savages was appreciated by few. The Jesuits were impervious to criticism on this score, believing that any unconvinced of the savages, was a small price to pay for salvation. Despite their diligent efforts, the number of actual converts remained small. The Jesuit were also impervious to the savage claim that they were spreading disease and were the main reason for the fall of the Huron Nation.
Friar Gabrial Sagard, d-1636 of the Recolettes wrote: The country is almost uninhabited (by the French) and uncultivated (less than 15 acres) and this through the negligence and lack of interest of the merchants who hitherto have been satisfied to get furs and profits out of it without having been willing to make any outlay for cultivation, settlement, or progress of the country. It is noteworthy that the French trading establishment Kebec numbered less than 70 people, and the religious, themselves refused to cultivate their own needs, expecting handouts from the garrison and Savages.
(II)-Charles (Turgis) de Saint-Etienne de La Tour (1595-1665), son (I)-Claude La Tour; 1st married 1625, Acadia, a Mi’Kmaw woman (1st of three marriages) daughter Chief Membertou. They had three daughters and one son. (III)-Jeanne de Saint-Etienne de la Tour, Metis, born this year, who married 1655 Pentagouet, Acadia, d’Apprendestiguy de Martignon. 2nd marriage La Tour put aside his Indian family and entered into a apologists union with Francoise Jacqueune, a Huguenot who died 1645: 3rd marriage February 24, 1653, Madamine d’Aulnay widow Charles d’Aulnay de Charinsay (1605-1650)
Father Nicolas Viel, d-1625 a Recollect drowned in the rapids, some suggest he drown in 1624 having only arrived June 28, 1623. Others suggest in the summer of 1625 on a voyage with the Huron to Kebec, the Huron threw him to his death with his disciples in the rapids above Hochelaga (Montreal), which from that time was named Sault au Recollet. Other accounts suggest they were killed for being witches and then they threw them into the river.
The historical period of 1625 to1658 is dominated by the Jesuits Relations Historia; a collection of Canadian missionary letters highly edited under censorship from a Jesuit perspective. The Jesuit Relations is a biased embellished plea for canonization based on the glories of martyrdom. The Jesuits are religious activists, organized along military lines. The Jesuit Order has wealth and power, along with access to the purse of the wealthy in France. The Jesuits are very familiar with the writings of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca (1490-1557) who lived among the Indians (1527-1537) and who urged a peaceful winning of the Indians to King and Church, saying that the Indians believed in God, heaven and the brotherhood of man and that the Indians are cultured, the Spanish and English being the real savages. The question becomes why, then, do the Jesuits pursue such an anti-Christian course of action. The answer is reflected in three of the rules of the Jesuit Order established by St. Ignatius Loyola.
* Rule #1 “All judgment laid aside, we ought to have our mind ready and prompt to obey, in all, the true Spouse of Christ Our Lord, which is our Holy Mother the Church hierarchical”. History has ruled that individuals are responsible for their own evil actions; they can’t use obedience to Church or State as an excuse for these actions. This rule effectively places the Church above God.
* Rule #13 “To be right in everything, we ought always to hold that white which I see, is black, if the hierarchical Church so decides it.” This is the greatest evil of all as it systemizes all the evils of mankind and especially organized religion. This systemic evil has woven its way into the current cultural fabric of our times. We now call resigning our free will as politics, or politically correct or its not my fault, its the system or its because of drugs, alcohol or gaming. machines, anything but self. This effectively removes honor, truth, wisdom and free will from the agenda of man.
* Rule #14 “No one can save himself without being predestined.” The Jesuits were told they were predestined for heaven by the hierarchical Church. It is noteworthy they were denied entry into China because China believed in God and the hierarchical Church didn’t want to repeat this error again so rule #13 was evoked. This supported their belief that the end justifies the means.
Some suggest I and the world are being unjust towards the actions of the Jesuits, that is why I have added these old world and new world comments. Their rules and actions are not supported by scripture as some contend. Finally, the civil courts are ruling on religious value cases, as the religious are unable to manage their own cultural sets of beliefs and values. We, however, still have a long way to go to right the wrongs of the past four hundred years.
The Jesuits Relations (1632-1673) speaks for itself. It deals with the conversion of the savages in the New Country. The Jesuits deliberately do not name men who are in their disfavor so as not to immortalize them. The Jesuits suggest the savages need to be subjugated just like the Romans subjugated Europe. The Jesuits apply this analogy to the Roman Catholic Church. Subjugation is considered a virtue, provided the Church is the subjugator. The fear of the Jesuits was well founded as, later, most agreed the Jesuits were extremely wicked men, the sepulchers of piety and religion, and ought to be destroyed and driven out of New France because they lacked integrity. All of Europe would eventually agree with this position and demand that they be driven out of Europe. The First of the Jesuit Blackrobes to arrive in the Canadian River Valley (St. Lawrence) are Charles Lalemant (1587-1674), Masse and Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) this year.
The Compagnie de Caen had sent out no settlers. Very little land is under cultivation, and the Huguenot Christians and Roman Catholic Christians are constantly squabbling. The colony had little to show for nearly twenty years effort.
This year, in ten days, pirates had seized 27 ships and 200 men off the New France coastal waters.
The savages presented three little girls to (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) to compensate for the killing of two Frenchmen and also to avert famine and to cement treaty. Champlain accepted the girls, although a French surgeon had asked for a savage girl as a wife and been refused by the French council.
New Netherlands in the Hudson River Valley has 200 settlers.
It is believed that Riviere des Prairies located in the northern portion of the Island of Montreal was named by (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) because his companion Francois des Prairies was lost there.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) is ordered back to France and (I)-William de Caen, a Calvinist, replaces him. The Jesuit immediately began to conspire against (I)-William de Caen, blaming him for the poor reception of the Jesuits. (I)-Raymond de la Ralde would replace him by the following year.
The parish Sault au Recollet aka La Visitation du Sault au Recollet is established this year.
January: Henri II, Duc de Montmorency (1595-1632), Grand Admiral of France and Viceroy of New France, resigned in favor of his nephew, Henri de Levis, Duc de Vantadour, who became Viceroy. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) remained as a lieutenant of the Compagnie de Chaen
January 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Couillard, Metis died November 23, 1641, Kebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); married November 3, 1637, Kebec, Oliver LeTardif, (see 1602)
April 1: Acadia ( Nova Scotia) was divided into two provinces with counties, bishoprics and baronetcies.
April 26: The Jesuits: (I)- Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649), Father Superior (I)- Charles Lalemant (1587-1674) and Father (I)- Enemond (Ennemond) Massie (1574-1646), with two lay brothers: (I)- Francois Charton and (I)- Gilbert Burel, arrived in Kebec (Quebec) on June 19, being the first of their Order. They are not well received either in the settlement or the Fort, and it is suggested they return to France. Only the Recollet Fathers would take them in out of charity. (I)-Jean de Brebeuf eventually went to live with the Huron (Wendat), and the rest remained near Fort Kebec. The Recollet missionary Father (I)- Nicholas Viel is deliberately drown in the Ottawa River near the Mountain of Hochelaga (Montreal). He is considered the first martyr in Canada. The Jesuit considered the Algonquin and Montagnais Savages as wretched tribes with universal ignorance and with moral depravity, idolatry, brutal savagery and foul nudity which are universal. Most New France citizens disliked the Jesuits and ignored Father (I)- Charles Lalemant (1587-1674), refusing to attend his services. Father (I)- Charles Lalemant is also known as Lallemant, L’Alemand, L’Amand, and Allemand. His birth is recorded as 1593 and November 17, 1587.
August 12: The mayor of Plymouth reported that 27 ships and 200 men had been taken in 10 days by pirates.
August 27: On the north eastern corner of Cape Breton the 48 gun, 600 ton, French man-of-war, the pride of the French navy the Le Chameau (the camel) was lost. All aboard, 316 persons perished and 180 bodies washed up on shore. Included in the dead were Me De Chazel, new Intendant of Quebec, de Louvigny, Governor Three Rivers and Jacques L’Hermitte a military engineer. Included were new recruits for Louisbourg, soms as young as age 14.
1626
Population of Kebec 74 French + 10 Huron + 1 birth
Kebec birth (II)-Francois Boucher son (I)- Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619 and Julienne Barry; married September 3, 1641, Kebec, Florence Gareman
(I)-Gervais Monier, a Recollet arrived Kebec.
(I)-Nicholas Pivert, his wife Marguerite Lesage, d-1643 and a niece, also with a hired hand, are at Cap Tourments, Beaupre attending to the Kebec cattle.
(I)-Oliver Le Tardif (1601-1665) was a sub-agent for the Hundred Associates (1626-1629) he gave up the keys to Kirk in 1629 and returned to France..
Acadia: (II)-Charles LaTour (1596-1665) son (I)-Claude de Saint Etienne La Tour, (II) Charles, lived among the Indians in Acadia since 1610 and married a Mi’Kmaq (Micmac) girl and they had 3 Metis daughters and one Metis son. He had a second bigamist union to (I)-Francois Jacquelin, a Huguenot to improve his standing in France and she to become a business partner. The marriage was more of a contractual arrangement. His 3rd marriage was to Madame Motin widow Charles de Menou de Charnizay aka Chevalier Charles d’Aulnay de Charinsay (1605-1650) and they had 5 more children.
(I)-Rene de Rohault proposed establishing a college at Kebec.
Kebec has only 18-20 acres under cultivation; mainly wheat, rye and peas.
Isle aux Couldres, 10 leagues below Kebec is established as a cattle colony with a few men to care for their needs.
Lobsters, or sea crabs, were caught by the French of St. Sauveur in their great poverty.
The Jesuits were amazed that the savages knew the name of Jesus and the Jesuits assumed the Basques had told them as they frequented this place (Kebec). However the Recolet Fathers had lived among the savages for at least 10 years. The Jesuit were amazed that the savages knew two days before a ship arrived at Kebec. When asked how they knew, they say they saw it in a dream.
The Basque fishermen controlled the fishery of the northeast coast of Canada from 1525 to 1626. They set up fishing camps where they set up scaffolding to dry codfish and built stone ovens to prepare whale oil. Their encounters with Natives, particularly the Micmac, were friendly. Tadoussac, Quebec, one of their major trading centers, is booming, with as many as twenty ships being in the port at one time. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), for the Compagnie de Caen, had imposed a monopoly, reducing the number to two ships per year, and the Tadoussac settlement consists of 40 people or less. It is likely the free-traders move to new locations about this time. Twenty two thousand furs are taken this year with the usual average being 12,000 -15,000. The Company of Merchants in France received a 40% return on their investment.
Some French free traders are wintering for trade 25 leagues above the Kebec settlement. Father Brebeuf would venture into this wintering region to assess the situation. This is likely Trois Rivieres which is a historic trading location.
About 20 ships visited Tadoussac but since the fur business was given to the Association they see only 2 ships once a year. They say 40 men are in New France devoted to the fur trade.
There appears to be two interpreters operating in Kebec and are well paid for their services. The Recollets have been try since 1615 to have them teach the Savage language but they have always refused.
It is estimated that 8,000 beaver and other furs were traded to the Dutch.
The Jesuits had succeeded in disrupting the affairs of New France and would now begin their campaign to establish a French Roman Catholic citizenship with the Jesuits in control. The French colony of Fort Kebec (Quebec) is in great distress due to lack of provisions, and Father (I)-Charles Lalemant (1587-1674) accepted a invitation of de la Ralde to return the Jesuits, except for five, to France. Only forty or fifty-five men remained at Fort Kebec (Quebec). The number of free traders is unknown.
The Dutch West India Company established New Amsterdam (New York City). They claimed to have purchased Manhattan Island for about forty dollars in trade goods. The Dutch are Protestant and love liberty, but have no surplus population to emigrate. The Dutch, English and French developed rivalry over trading commerce. The Dutch had established Fort Nassau (Gloucester, New Jersey) by this time.
A trading post is established at Penobscot Bay (Castine, Main).
Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649), the Jesuit, and Anne de Nouve traveled to Huronia. The Jesuit complained of the Calvinists at Tadoussac and would not be satisfied until all Protestant heretics were driven from New France and Roman Orthodox Catholic administrators are assigned. The Jesuit requested of the Kings Council that the fur trade be taken away from the Calvinists and given to the Jesuit, as these evil men are blocking the attempts to Christianize the savages. The French Calvinists, hearing of the Jesuit intrigue, curtailed supplies and obstructed the sailing of ships to New France. The Jesuit embraced the principle that the end justifies the means.
Pere Joseph visits the Neutrial People who considered the French magician, unsociable, rude, sad, and a melancholy people. It is likely that the Huron (Wendat) spread these stories so that they would not be by-passed in trade.
The Jesuit noted that some Savages can tell you two days before a ship is coming and the hour of its arrival.
Father Philibert Noyrot (1592-1629), a Jesuit, arrived Kebec with 20 workmen to build a residence for the Jesuit. Father Lalement immediately sent him back to France to have the Huguenots removed from the direction of the Mercantile Company resulting in the Company of New France. Noyrot attempted to send a year supply for the Jesuit and workman but De Caen stopped the ship at Hontleur, from resentment over Jesuit complaints of the Recollet conduct. The workmen had to be recalled due to lack of provisions.
Jesuit Father Philibert Noyrot (1592-1629) proposes to Cardinal Richelieu that missionary work in New France be organized and strengthened. The first 4 Jesuits arrive in Huronia under Father Paul Le Jeune.
The Mercantile Company only cleared one arpent of land in 22 years, an arpent is 191.85 English feet.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) began expanding his Kebec facilities in 1626. This second fort was surrounded by ramparts of wood and soil
March 10: The Seigniory of Notre Dame des Anges, on the St. Charles River near Fort Kebec (Quebec), is the first of many grants to the Jesuits.
April 15: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), lieutenant of the Compagnie de Chaen, is ordered back to Kebec.
July: The Jesuits Fathers Brebeuf, Noue and Daillion left Quebec to re-establish a mission on Georgian Bay at the present site of Penetanguishene.
July 5: Champlain arrived in Kebec and completed the building of an outpost at Cap Tourmente.
August 1: Father (I)-Joseph de la Roche-Dallon (d’allion), a Recollet, accompanied the Jesuit to New France and went to the Neutral Nation.. More Recollet arrived including brother (I)-Gervas Mohier.
August 1: The Jesuit are allowed into New France and those arriving include:
Father (I)-Charles Lalemont, superior,
Father (I)-Enemond (Ennemond) Massee (1574-1646)
Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649)
Father (I)-Anne de Nouve (1587-1646)
Brother (I)-Gilbert Burel d-1635
Brother (I)-Jean Goffestre
Brother (I)-Francois Charrenton (Carton) d-1626
August 1: The Jesuit entered the Huron Country with a set of preconceived beliefs.
* The Savages are beggars.
* They consider the French less intelligent than themselves.
* Their rude and untutored minds, able to comprehend so little.
* They live licentious and lazy lives.
* Vices of the flesh are common among them.
* They are very dirty about their eating.
* They are covered with vermin in their cabins.
* They believe in the immortality of the soul.
* They call the sun Jesus and it is believed the Basques frequented Kebec and likely told them this.
* They believe that there is one who made all, but they do not render him any homage.
* They have physicians, and cure all kinds of disease.
August 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Couillard, Metis, died April 20, 1705, Kebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); 1st married October 7, 1637, Kebec, (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642): 2nd marriage November 12, 1648, Kebec, Nicolas Macard. Nicolet was first married to a Nipissing woman and had a daughter Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet., Metis.
October 20: Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) wintered among the Savages about 20-25 leagues from Kebec, returning March 27, 1627. It is noteworthy that after called the Savages lazy the Jesuit complain they can’t keep pace with the Savages and how hard they work is.
1627
Population of Kebec 71 French + 1 birth, this was 60 men, 5 women and 6 young girls. Those living outside Kebec and the Metis are not counted.
(I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1658), a physician, is in Kebec 1627-1629, others say 1621-1627 and built a cabin in the woods. He had asked for permission to take a savage wife but was turned down. It is likely he took a country anyway
(I)-Pierre Magnan, baptised 1627, arrived Kebec 1617, is killed by the Iroquois 1627
(I)-Francois Marguerie, from Normandy arrived Kebec 1617 as an interpreter to the Algonkins.
The Jesuits recorded that to the west from Kebec are 38 to 40 tribes of savages before the ocean sea of China.
Kebec started out with only one resident (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627) and wife (I)-Marie Rollet d-1649 epouse Hebout (Hubou). This is not true as Guillaume Couillard who married Hebert’s Metis daughter was farming at the same time as Herbert. Some call him the first tiller of the soil. The Jesuit said in 1636 he was seeking passage back to Old France in order to live under the laws of the true religion. The Jesuit could be confusing Louis with Marie’s second husband? Hebert had planted apple trees, that did quite well, but the cattle spoiled the trees. Others had escaped into the forests during the English occupation but the Hebert family remained to Kebec. Some suggest as many as 20 people remained in New France after the deportation of 1629.
The Jesuits concluded the Basque had frequented the savages near Fort Kebec before this period. From this date, Missionary work in Canada is restricted to Roman Catholics. No Protestant worship nor Protestant teaching is permitted in Canada. Many would pay lip service to the governing church and practice their religion in secret.
The Jesuit planted peas, rye, oats and Meslin this year.
New France had a population of 107. New England and Newfoundland had a population of 2,100, not counting the 4,000 fishermen.
The Superior of the Quebec mission, Father (I)-Charles Lalemant (1587-1674) decides that work cannot continue with the Huguenot in power. He lobbies Cardinal Richelieu, the powerful advisor to King Louis, to annul the traders’ charter. Little does he realise he bagan the down fall of New France. Richelieu does so, forming his own company, the Company of New France, headed by himself and composed of 100 Associates who each contribue 3,000 livres and together receive a fief running from the North Pole to Florida. The rules are: it is to form a Catholic colony, no foreign Protestants are allowed; the Company will defray the costs of running a mission, the seigneurial land system will be inaugurated and baptized Indians are entitled to French naturalization. They have a 15 year charter and a formidible budget. There are about 100 habitants in Quebec.
Philibert Noyrot secured permission to revoke the Nantes Edict of 1598 in New France, allowing religious and civil liberty to the Huguenot and thereby ensuring the Catholic fur trading monopoly and setting the stage to replace the less zealous Recollects in New France. Francois Marguerie arrived this season at Fort Kebec (Quebec).
(I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640), a Scott, joined forces with the Kirke brothers to create the Scottish and English Company, a pirate organization, to seize Port Royal and establish trade in Acadia and the St. Lawrence. The Kirke company captured Tadoussac and off the Gaspe Peninsula (Quebec) they captured the French ships with 400 settlers. David Kirke (1597-1654) held Tadoussac while brothers Lewis Kirke (1599-1660) and Thomas Kirke went on to take Kebec.
As of this date, all descendants of Frenchmen, as well as converted Natives, will be considered as French citizens and may live in France without further declaration of nationalization. Political rhetoric but largely ignored by New France especially the Jesuits.
It is recorded that upwards of 20 ships are in Tadoussac at one time this year, vying for trade.
Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642), while arranging to send settlers to New France, barred any non-Catholics from settling.
Virginia, New England had a population of 2,000 people who were basically engaged in the tobacco trade.
March: England and France again commence hostilities.
April 25: King Louis XIII’s minister, Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), revoked the charter of the Montmorency Company based on the Jesuit reports and formed the Compagnie de la Nouvelle France (Company of New France), also called the One Hundred Associates or Compagnie Des cents-associes. Huguenots, Calvinists or other aliens are excluded from joining the company, as are foreigners. Only Catholics are allowed to settle, and the company is required to settle 4,000 before 1643. Each settlement must support three priests. The Company, in perpetuity, gains the whole of New France, extending from Florida to the Arctic Circle in width, from New Found Land to the Great Lakes called the freshwater sea. The William de Caen charter had been revoked. The One Hundred Associates had full seigniorial ownership, a perpetual fur monopoly and a 15-year trade monopoly in New France, Acadia and Newfoundland. It is to nominate a Governor and settle 200 per year to 4,000 colonists by 1643. This population level, however, would not be achieved until about 1667. The Company of New France was unsuccessful in its goals. Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642), hoped to populate Kebec with settlers who were moved more by religious and patriotic motives than by the hope of economic enrichment.
June 21: (II)-Helene Martin, Metis, born June 21, 1627, Kebec daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’ecossais, (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?); married 1st. October 22, 1640, Kebec, (I)-Claude Etienne b-1610; married 2nd September 3, 1647, Kebec, (I)-Medard Chouart b-1621.
1628
Population of Kebec 34 + 21 Huron French, source Tanguay
The estimated French population of Fort Kebec (Quebec) is some 76 persons?
Basque fishermen are at Kebec.
A young man named Grec or Le Grec is in Kebec
Marguerite Couillard b-1628, Kebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard and Guillemette Herbert.
(I)-Nicolas Pivert and his wife Marguerite Lesage, died November 29, 1643, Kebec was at Cap Tourmentse this year.
Raymond de la Ralde attacked the English in Newfoundland.
Father Joseph de la Roche-Dallon (d’allion), a Recollet, went to Huron Country.
Friar Le Caron is at Kebec with brother Recollet. They discovered Foucher, who commanded Cape Tourmente and was disabled in a canoe on the river.
Montagnais dit Kebik (the Algonquian People) gave to (I)-Samuel Champlain (1570-1635) three young girls who he named Foi (Faith) b-1617, Esperance, b-1616 and Charity, b-1613 but Faith returned to her people.
The French, in 1687, claim that King Louis XIII established a new Company to which he conceded all countries of Canada including the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay). Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642), also a Duke, had recruited 100 investors to send 400 settlers to Kebec. The Company of New France issued an edict that no Huguenot or foreigner be allowed into New France. The charter obligated the Company to send 4,000 colonists before 1643. This however was beyond their ability, therefore in 1645 they turned it over to the inhabitants of Kebec. Their monopoly of the fur trade, with their debts and other obligations.
It is noted that the Huron have their own religion and do not want the Black Robes amongst them. The Huron believe in the immortality of the soul, and they believe they will go to heaven when they die. This accounts for the Recollect’s young servant boys’ (15-16 years old) reluctance to be converted.
King Charles I of England authorized the Thomas Kirk and his brothers, Lewis, John, James and David, along with other English merchants, to take possession of Canada. Captain Michel and ten French settlers who were in the service of Caens and were expelled as Huguenots. They were determined to seek vengence.
A trading post is established on the Kennebec, not far from Casco Bay, Maine.
Isle aux Couldres, 10 leagues below Kebec is destroyed by the Kirk brothers and they captured Nicholas Pivert, his wife and niece as well as the men who took care of the cattle.
(I)-Jean Nicollet de Belleborne (1598-1642) returned to Kebec and was appointed agent and interpreter and was sent 300 leagues to the west, to ‘The People of the Sea’, to secure a peace treaty. He was considered by the People as Manitouiriniou or the Wonderful Man. He met with 5,000 People and concluded peace and returned to Three Rivers.
(I)-Claude La Tour, (1570-1736+) the elder, a Huguenot is captured by David Kirk and sent to England and was imprisoned. He eventually deserted his French heritage and pledged allegiance to the English. His son (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) had fortified himself and gathered the Acadians in Fort La Tour near Cape Sable, Acadia. Kirk took Port Royal and captured the French fleet of 18 vessels on their way to Acadia.
(II)-Charles LaTour, (1595-1665) was captured in 1628 or 1629 and taken to England.
An English fleet moves into the St. Lawrence and is able to remain there until 1632
The first fleet sent by the Company of 100 Associates to Kebec is captured by the English.
January; (I)-Samuel Champlain (1570-1635) writes “Robert Giffard (d-1668), some time before, wished to have a young Indian woman to educate her & to marry her, but her people would not give her up to him, what ever offers he made.” It was customary for Canadian women to enter into marriages for the benefit of trade, but they rarely left their own villages, preferring instead that their husband visit when he could, and remain loyal to her people; but any offspring were raised in her own community. Obviously Robert wanted to take her away, and this was rarely acceptable.
February 2; (I)-Samuel Champlain (1570-1635) officially adopted three young girls, aged 11, 12 and 15; whom he named Faith, Hope and Charity. The girls were given instruction from some of the veteran women, who taught them how to dress and behave as good French wives; But the young girls were miserable, and missed their old lives and families at Tadoussac. When the Kirk brothers arrive things were settled. Faith, Hope and Charity were taken as prisoners, of the English, thrown into the hold and the trap door nailed shut. To make matters worse, Marsolet had taken a fancy to young Hope, but when she spurned his advances, he turned his attention to her sister Charity; who threatened to tear his heart out and eat it. Out of revenge, he told Kirke that the Montagnais wanted them back or they would wage war on the British, hoping that Kirke would then release the girls into his custody, with a promise to take them home. Instead, they were invited to dine with the captain, and after getting assurances that they would not incite war, he allowed them to remain with Guillaume Couillard, who would be staying on under British rule.
February 12: France marriage (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668), a physician, to Marie Renocard, b-1659, Tanguay obviously is confused:
Remember this is the man who wanted a savage girl as a wife and was turned down by the council, so he built a cabin in the woods.
March: Jarvis Kirke, a merchant of London, outfitted three ships manned by 200 men to set sail and capture Kebec for the English. He captured the French Company of New France ships en route and the trading post at Tadoussac. David Kirke alias Kertks (1597-1654) a French Huguenot sailing for England was sent to demand the surrender of Kebec. The remaining supply ships were captured, numbering 11 ships, and 600 prisoners were taken and returned to France. David Kirke alias Kertks (1597-1654) returned to London and was confident he could return next year and finish the job. This action was the damnation of many French Canadians. The Kertks were French Huguenots who escaped French Religious persecution by fleeing to England. It is ironic how the French in their religious fanaticism breed hate that returns to pay them back.
April 27: Kebec, the plow is first used in Canada by (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663), son-in-law of (I)-Louis Herbert (1575-1727). France had no desire for Canada to go to agriculture.
April 29: (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663), (I)-Louis Hebert’s son-in-law, is the first recorded person to use the plow in Canada.
May 6: The Council of the State of France gave the One Hundred Associates full seigniorial ownership, a perpetual fur monopoly and a 15 year trade monopoly in New France, Acadia and Newfoundland. The company is to nominate a governor to be appointed by the king, and settle 4,000 colonists by 1643.
July 10: The Company of Kirkes captured Tadoussac, Miscou, and Cap Tourmente and seized the 1st supply ship of the Hundred Associates before it reached Kebec. They demanded that (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) surrender. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) refused, and the Company of Kirkes assumed he did so from a position of strength so they withdrew. It is noteworthy that (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) would likely not be aware that the company he worked for had been replaced by the Hundred Associates. About 20 French Huguenots led by Desdames landed Kebec in a small boat and entered on friendly terms but soon began to pillage and burn, killing the cattle.
July 18: Returning to England, the Company of Kirkes encountered the French supply fleet off Gaspe. They engaged the fleet under command of Claude Roquemont de Brison (1570-1636) and captured the four ships. Roquemont and associates are taken to England as prisoners.
October 29: The third Huguenot war ended with the surrender of La Rochelle, France.
1629
Population of Kebec 76 French + 600 English + 1 marriage + 1 birth
When the Kirk brothers controlled New France only five women are noted: the widow of Hebert who was married to Guillaume Hubon, her daughter Marie Lamglois, married to Jean Juchereau, Guillemette Couillard wife of Abraham Martin and two women of lesser note, not remembered by name. They could be two of the five Indian girls married to Frenchmen before 1629. Some say the 17th century French had little detachment to people of other races or cultures that carried into the 18th century. Some religious took exception to these relationships especially the country marriages which they refused to record or their offspring.
Folks are split some suggest (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais and family was sent to France, during the English occupation, the other camp suggest they remained in New France. I would suggest that (I)-Abraham was sent to France and his wife and four children remained in New France. (II)-Helen was born 1627 and (II)-Marie born 1635 and no children born 1628-1634. The wife was most likely savage and therefore returned to her people, during the occupation.
The inhabitants of Kebec are forced to sign an allegiance to England, thereby renouncing their allegiance to France. Among those signing are the Herberts, Couillards and Piverts. The only ones who did not sign were those who escaped to live among the Indians and those others who were deported.
(I)-Le Baillif, a native of Amiens, France defected to the English. He ill-treated the French who remained in Kebec. He plundered the French stores of 3,500 to 4,000 beaver skins.
Breton a ships captain was in Canada this year and Kebec 1630
(II)-William Alexander’s son brought 70 settlers to Port Royal and built Charles Fort, New Scotlande.
(II)-Louis Couillard, Metis, b-1629 Kebec, son (I)-Guillaume Concillard and (II)-Guillemette Hebert, Metis b-1606; married 1653, Kebec, (II)-Genevieve Despres, b-1639, died May 11, 1706.
Sieur (I)-Jean Paul Godefroy (Godfroy) (1608-1681) returned to France with Champlain. He was back at Trois Rivieres in 1636.
(I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan arrived Kebec 1613 and worked as interpreter until the Kirk brothers arrived this year.
(I)-Francois Marguerie from Normandy arrived Kebec 1627 as interpreter to the Algonkins, and during the English occupation he lived with the Algonkins.
The Jesuits say Jacques Michel, a Huguenot led the English to Kebec.
(I)-Jacques Hertel d-1651, some say died August 10, 1651, an interpreter, took refuge among the Savages when the Kirke Brothers captured Kebec. (I)-Etienne Brule (1592-1632), an interpreter, also took refuge among the Indians as did (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (1587-1677), an interpreter at Tadoussac. Of the 13 known Frenchmen who remained in New France, 7 were interpreters. All these people likely had Metis families. (I)-Etienne Brule (1592-1632) and (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (1587-1677) refused to return to France not wanting to desert their Country wives and Metis families. It was also very clear that if they returned to France they would be hung because of false reports of the Recollets and (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635).
(I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne born 1598 and died October 9, 1642, Sillery; 1st known marriage about 1629 (or earlier) Nipissirinienne sauvagesse, b-1610 and one daughter resulted from this union, Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet, Metis; 2nd marriage 1737, Quebec, (II)-Marguerite Couillard Metis, (1626-1705), daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663) (died March 4, 1663 Kabec) and (II)-Guillaume Herbert (1606-1684), epouse November 12, 1646, Quebec (I)-Nicolas Macard dit Champagne died October 5, 1659, Quebec, Quebec. (I)-Jean and his family stayed in New France during the English occupation. He returned to Quebec 1632.
(I)-Samuel Champlain (1570-1635) took two of his girls, Esperance Montagnais, b-1616 and Charity Montagnais, b-1613 to Tadoussac for a trip to France but the Kirke Brothers refused to let them embark. The Kirkes had them placed in the care of (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespindcy (1591-1663) who arrived 1617 (son-in-law of (I)-Louis Hebert, (1575-1627)). No further mention is made of these girls. Others suggest: (I)-William Couillard (Coullart) who arrived 1613 and who Champlain said, he was one of the earliest settlers in Kebec. It was him who Champlain trusted the care of his two savage girls, who he considered his daughters, with a promise they would become foster parents until his return, him being sent to France by the English. It is said (I)-William is a son-in-law to Madame Hebert. Some say Louise Couillard b-1625 is his daughter. It is also interesting that (II)-Louise Couillard, (1625-1641) who married 1637, (I)-Oliver LeTardif, (1601-1665) and sister (II)-Marguerite Couillard, (1626-1705) who married 1637, (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) are believed by some to be the daughters of (I)-William?. See 1635 list of women in Kebec.
Father Francois Ragueneau, a Jesuit & Father (I)-Charles Lalemant (1587-1674) were sent back to France with Champlain.
London, authorized by Charles I, declared war on the Jesuits.
Mynheer Wouter Van Twiller is appointed Governor of the Providence of Nieuw Nederlandts (New Netherlands).
The Company of Adventurers to Canada captured the French party sent to meet the supply ships from France.
The Huguenots in France revolted against the French Crown.
Plans were made in 1626 to establish a college at Kebec by Rene de Rohault and his father but was interrupted by the Kirk Brothers.
(I)-Oliver le Jeune is believed to be the first slave to have been transported directly from Africa to Canada and sold this year. About 1,000 black people were bought from New England or the West Indies as slaves for New France to 1760. This, however, is misleading, as by 1759, there was 3,604 slaves in New France, including 1,132 of African origin. The Loyalists would bring another 2,000 black slaves.
King Charles I of England declared a private war by giving permission to make prize of all French and Spanish ships and their goods, at sea or land. The Scots sent 70 men (tua weemen) to occupy (Acadia) Port Royal and Baleine on Cape Breton Island. These privateers would be shipped home in 1633 after King Charles I married the sister of France’s King Louis XIII.
(I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640) finally secured his grant to Acadia by landing 70 Scot settlers in Port Royal. They would secure this site 1629-1632 when they were forced to leave.
Tanguay suggests the following census in 1629, Kebec.
He suggests their are only 4 families but the census suggests 8 families but the other 4 are likely French/Savage families. Namely: Jonquest – Couillard – Hubou – Hebert This excludes the Martin family
Recollets = 4
Jesuits = 4
Men =47
Women = 8
Enfants =15
Officers =22
TOTAL 100 Other records suggest the population is only 76 French, the balance may be with the Huron in the bush?
Emery de Caen is at Tadpussac and sends Froidemouche a French envoye to deliver a message that a peace treaty was signed but the envoye only made it to La Malbaie (Quebec)
The second fleet sent by the Company of 100 Associates to Kebec is captured by the English. The English Kirke brothers seize raid up and down the St. Lawrence and seize Kebec.
(I)-Francois Grave, sieur Du Pont (Pontegrave) (1560-1629) departed Kebec with Champlain and is believed to have died on the returning ship or in France.
February 4: The rival commercial interests of (I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640) and the Company of Kirke’s combined forces in support of the Calvinists under the Company of Adventurers to Canada, with a monopoly of the trade of the St Lawrence and the power to remove the French. The Kirke’s alias Kertks French Huguenots included David Kirke (1597-1654), Lewis Kirke (1599-1600), Thomas Kirke, John Kirke and James Kirke who were determined to drive the French from Canada and Acadia.
March: The Kirke brothers, with Jacques Michel, a deserter from Champlain, explained the sorry state of Kebec and again acting as pilot on the river guided the Kirks in the conquest of Canada. It is noteworthy that the Kirke brothers and Jacques Michel were Huguenots and some suggest it was out of revenge for the persecution of the Huguenots by French Catholics.
April 24: The Treaty of Susa established peace between France and England. The terms of the treaty were that all territory captured after the signing would be returned. The Company of Adventurers to Canada had already sailed.
May 16: Kebec, marriage, (I)-Guillaume Hubou, died May 13, 1653, Quebec; married Marie Rollet, died May 27, 1649, Kebec, veuve de (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627).
May 18: Kebec, birth (II)-Louis Couillard, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); married April 29, 1653, Genevieve Despres (see 1602)
June 15: The nine ships of the Company of Adventurers to Canada reached the Gaspe. The invading force is under the command of David Kirke alias Kirke (1597-1654); a French Huguenot and others say a mixed blood English-French with orders to take possession of the French colony. The Calvinists, including Jacques Michel, who were expelled from New France provided the English with full details of the desperate condition of New France and the ships that would sail this year.
July 1: James Stuart, Lord Ochiltree, who had been granted a barony by (I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640), landed 60 colonists at Baleine, Cape Breton Island. Most would depart by 1632, except for one of two families who elected to remain in Acadia ( Nova Scotia).
July: The Recollets were offered the protection of the Huron Nation to provide them shelter until such time as the French returned. The Recollets declined this offer and returned to France as English prisoners. The Recollet would later be highly criticized by their order for abandoning their missions. They however had no idea that Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642) would prevent their return to New France and give 14 years of labor and all their missions to the Jesuit.
July: The Kebec settlement is near starvation; they are grubbing for roots. The English, through Basque fishermen, requested that Champlain surrender. The English interception of their supply ship at Tadoussac was the last straw. The men of the colony are fearful of the pending English attack. Some are no longer content to exist on starvation rations. Most of these colonists are convicts or indentured slaves. Some escaped into the woods during the confusion. They had little loyalty to (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) or their wives and children who remained in the Fort. They joined the bands of migrating Native hunters, which added to the growing ‘Bois Brule’ (burnt wood) Metis population. Most chose to live in freedom with the Natives rather than be killed or captured and returned to France via England. They chose to become free traders and explorer entrepreneurs. This would become a recurring theme in New France.
July 19: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Jean Nicollet (1598-1642) arrived with his country born daughter Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet a Nipissing Metis. Upon hearing the Kirke Brothers had taken Kebec he fled back into the woods to avoid deportation.
July 19: Captain Louis delivered an ultimatum of surrender on July 19. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), lieutenant, had no more then sixteen men at his command at this time, including the priests of St. Charles. In reality, only one man held the Fort, the others are in the woods in search of food. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) surrendered the Fort to Captain Louis and discovered that (I)-Etienne Brule (1582-1632) and (I)-Nicolas Marsolet de Saint Aignan (1587-1677), who had been living with the Wendat and Iroquois, had led the English to Fort Kebec (Quebec). This was Champlain’s account but Marsolet was living Tadoussac 1608-1635 at the time. Champlain hated Marsolet because he reported directly to the King. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) would plot (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633)’s future demise. Brule became the word to describe all those who renounced French rule to live with the Natives. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) attempted to barter to allow his two native girls about 17 & 12 years of age to return with him to France, but is refused by the English. One girl had previously returned to her People. The English shipped all the colonists to France by way of England, including the priests. (I)-Lewis Herbert’s family claimed to have escaped deportation and remained with the Indians and 7 free traders in New France. (I)- Etienne Brule (1591-1633) and (I)-Nicolas Marsolet de Saint Aignan (1587-1677) claimed they were taken by force, and they believed if they were taken to France they would be hung. This is to counter claims that they aided the Kirk Brothers. Others suggest it was Jacques Michel, who led the Kirke’s to victory over (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) .
July 19 (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) recounted: “Louis Kirke landed about 150 armed men and took possession of the settlement. He came to the fort to drive me out. He planted the English flag on one of the bastions, sounded the drum, assembled his soldiers and fired the cannon to signal his joy.”
July 22: David Kirke (1597-1654), Lewis Kirke (1599-1660) and Thomas Kirke stormed Fort Saint Louis built on the St Lawrence River in 1620. The Kirke’s alias Kertks were French Huguenots who escaped French Catholic persecution by escaping to England.
July 24: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) left Kebec as a prisoner of the Company of Adventurers to Canada.
(I)-Nicolas Pivert and his wife Marguerite Lesage, died November 29, 1643, Kebec are still in Kebec after (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) left Kebec.
July 25: The English encountered the French ship commanded by Emery de Caen, who also surrendered.
August 1: At Tadoussac, (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) reprimanded (I)- Etienne Brule (1591-1633) and (I)- Nicolas Marsolet de Saint Aignan (1587-1677) who had gone over to the Indians. Both men had fathered Metis children. Champlain had no authority over Marsolet and this bothered him greatly. Marsolet was one of 7 interpreters who remained in Kebec during the Kirk occupation, in fact he became great friends with the English brothers. He had three savage wives by country marriage.
August 24: Father (I)-Philibert Noyrut (1592-1629) is lost in a shipwreck off Cape Breton, as is Brother (I)-Louis Malot (1592-1629).
August 29: L’Estourneau wrecked off Canso, Nova Scotia, 14 died.
1630
Population of Kebec 26 French + 90 English. Others suggest the total population of Kebec was 103.
Some believe (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort is appointed Governor of Trois Rivieres this year. There was secret papers created by the Jesuits to make him acting Governor of New France in event of Champlain’s death.
Breton a ships captain was in Canada 1629 and Kebec 1630
The Plymouth Company established a trading post at the mouth of the Penobscot River (Maine)
(I)-Jacques Badeau d-1658 Quebec married Anne Ardouin d-1670.
(II)-Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet de Belleborne, Metis, b-1630 daughter (I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne born 1598 and died October 9, 1642, Sillery; and Nipissirinienne sauvagesse, b-1610.
(I)-Adrien du Chesne (Duchene), a surgeon, from Dieppe who arrived Kebec 1620. remained in Kebec with his wife during the English occupation. It is likely his wife was savage and with his skills he was considered an asset by the English. There is no record of children but they would not be recorded by the religious.
(I)-Francois Marguerie had fled the English to live among the Wendat (Huron) and learned their language to later become an interpreter.
Portugal Cove (St. Philips), Newfoundland is named after Portugal fishermen who occupied this area prior to this time.
The Great Puritan migration of the 1630′s had a profound impact on New England (American culture). These English and Scottish Puritans branched into the Congregational, Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, Unitarian, Quaker and other Protestant sects. Their Protestant ethic suggested the Roman Catholic Church had taken a wrong turn after the fifth century by adding forms, ceremonies and dogmas with no basis in the Holy Scriptures. They rejected the Church of England because they retained bishops, vestments and ritual. They wanted to worship as the early Christians had worshiped. The French Huguenots and Scotch, German, Scandinavian and Netherlands Calvinists are essentially Puritan in nature, differing only in details. Charles I is told by Bishop William Laud to considered the Puritans as blasphemous because they brushed aside candles, the cross, kneeling and chanting along with other forms of worship. Persecution by Bishop William Laud would drive 10,000 Puritans to New England over the next four years.
The Dutch colony of Rensselaerswyck is established near Fort Orange, New York.
New Amsterdam (New York), a Dutch colony, had 300 people by this date with neat gabled houses and a brick church. Baie Forteau in the Strait of Belle Island, is a long time Basque-whaling station.
The Iroquois gained ascendancy over the Algonquins, thanks to the firearms sold to them by the Dutch.
The third fleet sent by the Company of 100 Associates to Kebec is lost.
March 29: The Treaty of Saint Germain en Laye was signed by England and France. The colonies of Canada and Acadia were returned to France. King Charles I, however, had refused to restore the captured territories until further settlements were made.
April 30: (I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640) granted a barony in Acadia ( Nova Scotia), from Yarmouth to Lunenburg to (I)-Claude La Tour (1570-1736+) and (II)-Charles de La Tour (1595-1665) if Charles would defect to the English..
May 12: (I)-Claude de Saint Etienne de La Tour, (1570-1736+) who transferred his allegiance from France to England, enrolled his son (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665), a Frenchman, as an English baronet. (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) knew nothing of his father’s actions until his father appeared before Cape Sable, Acadia ( Nova Scotia) where (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665), the son, commanded the French Fort La Tour (Lomeron). (I)-Claude La Tour, (1570-1736+) the father, attempted to persuade (II)-Charles La Tour, the son, to surrender the Fort to the English, and when this failed, father fought son until (I)-Claude, the father, and the English withdrew. The English had promised land grants to entice the son to join the English. The English suffered significant losses after two assaults were repelled. As a result (I)-Claude La Tour (1570-1736+) and his second wife were reduced to beggary and settled in Port Royal, Acadia among the Scots who were settled there by (I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640). The first winter 30 of the original 70 Scot settlers died.
August 1: Saint Jacques de Dieppe, France, baptism Pierre Martin son of Abraham Martin and Marguedith Langlois is likely not Abraham (1589-1664)
The French Captain Marot arrived Fort La Tour with supplies of arms and ammunitions. The war ship was put under command of (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) who enticed his father to quit Port Royal and join him at Fort La Tour, which he did. He brought news that the Scots planned to attack Fort La Tour. (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) started construction of a new fort at the mouth of the St. John River to repel the English by sea and secure the river for trade..
1631
Population of Kebec 25 French + 76 English + 1 birth
One birth is recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Simon Baron, a Jesuit donnes and self taught surgeon arrived Chibou, Cape Breton Island.
(I)-Hubert Anselme ordered a vessel of the Company of the Hundred Associates to Tadoussac and in 1632 voyages de Champlain.
France: (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) is appointed Superior of the Jesuits in New France. He also is appointed to act as Governor of New France in case of any extraordinary event. He had the unusual power of superseding Champlain’s authority when he deemed it advisable.
(II)-Charles De Saint Etienne De La Tour Metis (1595-1665) is made a baronet of Nova Scotia by Sir William Alexander in 1631. (II)-Charles LaTour Metis was already a “seigneur d’Acadie” by de Bienville’s will. Also in 1631, Louis XIII of France grants (II)-Charles LaTour, (1595-1665) a concession at the mouth of the St.John River, now in New Brunswick, where he builds Fort Ste-Marie in Jemseg.
(II)-Nicole Madeleine Gareman b-1631 Kebec? daughter (I)-Pierre Gareman dit Garnier (in 1666 census) and Madeleine Charlot: married October 10, 1645, Quebec Rene Mezeray.
(II)-Louise Garnier, b-1631, Lachine, daughter (I)-Charles Garnier and Jeanne Labraye. Another daughter is b-1627 no location given and an older daughter Louise age nor location not given.
Marriage likely 1631, assumed St. Malo, France (I)-Sebastien Hayet aka Hayot dit Radisson married to Madeleine Herault aka Hainault, second marriage likely Metis or savage still alive in 1654 at Trois Rivieres.
FIVE CHILDREN ARE RECORDED
(II)-Francoise Radisson, no birth date given, but likely died young, is listed Tanguay
(II)-Marguerite Radisson b-1632, 1st married 1646, age 12 yrs. most likely Trois Rivieres? to Jean Vernon Grandmenil, Tanguay
The following children are considered to be half sisters and a half brother to (II)-Marguerite
(II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis, b-1636, married about 1653, likely Trois Rivieres, (I)-Claude Volant de St Claude, b-1636
(II)-Pierre Esprit Chouard dit Radisson Metis, (1636/40-1710) Marguerite is recorded as half sisters to (II)-Pierre.(*)
(II)-Elisabeth Radisson, Metis, (1638-1722)
#0 (II)-Pierre calls himself Peter Efprit Radiffon, likely his ‘S’ looked like ‘F’
#1 (II)-Pierre swore while in England, he was born 1636, St. Malo, France.
#2 A search for baptismal records suggests (II)-Pierre was not born St. Malo, France
#3 The English believed (II)-Pierre to be Italian not French. (**)
#4 Some claim (II)-Pierre is the son of Pierre Esprit Radisson, b-1590, Avagon, France and Madeleine Heraut.
#5 No record exists in New France that Pierre Esprit Radisson, b-1590, Avagon, France is in New France.
#6 (II)-Pierre claims he arrived Quebec, May 24, 1651.
#7 (II)-Pierre claims capture by the Mohawk Iroquois May 24, 1651 near Trois Rivieres & escaped October 29. 1653
#8 (II)-Pierre claims he was captured by the Irokoits in 1652
#9 (II)-Pierre claims to be among the Dutch in 1653, and claims to be from Trois Rivieres.
#10 The Dutch believed (II)-Pierre was an Indian
#11 (II)-Pierre claims to be in Holland January 4/7, 1654.
#12 (II)-Pierre claims to have married 1656, Trois Rivieres, Elizabeth, daughter Madeleine Hainault
#13 (II)-Pierre claims to be in Quebec May 17, 1654 and then Trois Rivieres to see ‘his relatives’ all at Trois Rivieres..
#14 (II)-Pierre claims ‘his relatives’ are his ‘natural parents’, and ‘Country People’, and ‘my brother, his wife & children’.
#15 (II)-Francoise Radisson, b-1636 married Quebec 1654, Trois Rivieres, Claude Volant (***) de St Claude, b-1636
#16 Some claim (II)-Pierre married England daughter of John Kirke.
#17 (II)-Pierre has been known to stretch the truth, if it serves his purposes.
#18 Some suggest (II)-Marguerite Radisson, b-1632 is (II)-Francoise Marguerite (1635-1677)
#19 (II)-Marguerite first child born June 1648, Trois Rivieres.
#20 (II)-Marguerite is living with (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy (1608-1681) on November 25, 1646, as though a servant?
(*) This position of birth is very problematic, as is his claim of, ‘Country People’, as relatives.
Country People usually refers to mixed marriages Indian/European unions or Metis People.
(**) During my life time a Metis was said, by the English, to have a bit of Italian in them!
(***) Tanguay says Volant dit is deRadisson, (II) Pierre’s brother & family?
It is fairly obvious that the second (II)-Francoise, (II)-Pierre and (II)-Elizabeth are Metis, therefore not listed by Tanguay.
The English of Kebec are represented by Governor Captain Thomas Ker, originally from Dieppe, France, his brothers David and Louys Ker and Jacques Michel, also originally from Dieppe, all being Huguenots and are now working for the English. These English-Frenchmen are held responsible for the destruction and plunder of New France. The home and property of Madame (I)-Herbert is not damaged, nor her property taken. Her daughter and her husband are also not molested. They likely made some arrangements with the English. Sieur Brusle, a Frenchman, is also known to have gone over to the English during occupation but was killed by the Huron for unknown reasons. This must be a reference to (I)-Etienne Brule (1582-1633) who is killed in 1632. The Kirks brought the first known slave to Canada, a Negro or Moor slave, later to be sold to Le Bailly at Kebec for fifty ecus. The first recorded Black African slave in Canada was Oliver Le Jeune who was sold this year in Quebec. The Savages of the Kabec region had been trading and supporting the English during the years of occupation.
Slavery became a common practice in New France and the Church became the largest slave owner. Many have asked how could this happen, when in 1435 Pope Eugene IV in his Bull Sicut Dudum condemned slavery and those engaged in it, and those who ignore the Bull are excommunicated, ipso facto. In 1537, Pope Paul III issued the Bull Sublimis Deus that condemned slavery, Popes Gregory XIV, 1591, Pope Urban VIII, 1639, and Pope Benedict XIV, 1741 also condemned slavery. We can only assume those Jesuits and Religious Sisters who held slaves were automatically excommunicated, ipso facto.
King Charles I granted Cape Breton Island to Robert Gordon of Lochinvar and his son Robert Gordon.
February 8: Louis XIII named (I)-Charles de La Tour (1595-1665) Governor and Lieutenant General of New France.
February 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Elizabeth Couillard, Metis, died April 5, 1704 Chateau Richer daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); married November 27, 1645, Kebec (I)-Jean Guyon: Elizabeth was baptised, not by a French Priest, but by Anglais minister. Because during Kirk occupation, there was no priest in Kebec. Is this (I)-Jean Guyon who arrived Kebec 1619 and is possibly (I)-Jean Guton (Guton) (Dion) dir du Buisson (1592-1663)???
April 28: Luke Fox (Foxe) (1586-1635) departed London in search of the North West passage. He skirted the western shore of Hudson Bay and discovered relics of the 1612 Button expedition.
July 10: King Charles I instructed (I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640) to give Port Royal back to the French and to destroy Fort William; built by his son (II)-William Alexander.
August 29: Luke Fox (Foxe) (1586-1635) met Thomas James (1593-1635), an English explorer, near Cape Henrietta Maria. Fox sailed into Foxe Channel as far as Cape Dorchester and established that the Hudson Bay did not offer a passage to the east.
September 7: Thomas James (1593-1635) sailed for two days before Luke Fox sailed from England to Hudson Bay, and they met by accident. Thomas James wintered on Charlton Island, James Bay. He recorded the presence, on nearby Danby Island, of stakes that were driven into the ground, being cut with a hatchet. Some speculate this represents the presence of Henry Hudson. Eskimo tradition suggests a live white boy is rescued from a boat in Hudson Straits with a dead white man. (I)-Claude de La Tour (1570-1736+) built a fort on Portland Point at the East Side of St. John harbor.
1632
No marriages, births or deaths recorded in Kebec.
Marriage (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687), 1 child reported 1st marriage, 5 children 2nd marriage.
(I)-Jean Bigot de Tourouvre, au Perche married 1633 Kebec, Thomine Chastel is in New France 1633 to 1636, however 1st child (II)-Francoise Bigot (most likely Metis) is born 1632 and 1st married 1647 Charles Guillebout and 2nd married May 8, 1659 Denis Briere, Kebec .
It is believed that 6 households of French remained in Kebec during the English occupation along with 7 interpreters who were living among the savages.
Francois Albert married Kabec Thomasse Gabarette.
(I)-Gilbert Burel, Jesuit lay brother returned to Kebec with LeJeune another lay brother.
Guillaume Guillemot, sieur Duplessis Bochart aka Duplessis Quebodo is a lieutenant of Emery de Caen in Kebec.
(II)-Marie Le Neuf, b-1632 likely France, December 5, 1702 L’egglise des Recollets, daughter (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie, b-1606 in Kebec 1636 and (II)-Marguerite Le Gardieur, b-1608, died 1697
(I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) Superior of the Jesuits in New France and acting Governor New France arrived Kebec. It’s likely (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort also arrived about this time to become Governor Trois Rivieres and under secret papers to act as Governor of New France in event of the death of Champlain. There is little doubt that (I)-Paul Le Jeune, Jesuit exercised his unusual authority, but he appears to always act through others.
P. Lejeune said mass at (I)-Guillaume Couillard’s house and Francais was not heard in past three years.
(I)-Jean Nicollet de Belleborne (1598-1642) returned from the interior after living 12 years among the savages, taking at least one wife and a 2nd wife in Kebec in 1637. He worked for the One Hundred Associates.
Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), executed Henri II, Due de Montmorency (1595-1632), Grand Admiral of France, for participating in an abortive revolt.
(I)-Etienne Brule (1592-1632), the first known Coureurs des Bois of Kebec, is killed by the Huron for unknown reasons. If the Jesuits are correct in saying he was much addicted to women, then it is highly likely that he was killed for impropriety. Others suggest he sided with the English and that being the reason he was killed. Still others suggest he killed another man and was killed for that reason. He left a Huron Country Wife and Metis children who were lost to history.
The Jesuits Fathers (I)-Antoine Daniel (1601-1648) and Ambrose Davost (1586-1643) went to Cape Breton this year, then moved to Fort Kebec in 1633.
(I)-Nicolas Denys Bras d’Or (1598-1688), a La Rochelle Merchant, sailed for La Have (Bridgewater, Nova Scotia), Acadia and would spend the next forty years trying to develop new colonies. They, Isaac de Razilly and Denys, first established a fur trading post then established fishing establishment at Port Rossignol (Liverpool, Nova Scotia). They also started a lumbering venture.
The (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663) and Herbert family is believed to be the first slave owners in New France.
(I)- Isaac de Razilly (1587-1635) with 300 soldiers and settlers arrived to reoccupy Acadia. Included are Charles De Menou, sieur d’Aulnay, Charmisy and likely Nicolas Denys. They founded a new colony at La Heve on September 8.
Father Gabriel Sagard wrote: The French themselves, better educated and raised in the school of faith, are becoming Savages for no better reason than that they live with the Savages. Father Paul Le Jeune wrote: Let no one be astonished at these acts of barbarism. Before the faith was received in Germany, Spain or England, those nations were not more civilized. Both these men had no understanding of the attraction for the Coureurs de Bois. Freedom, adventure and democracy, terms the French could not understand.
King Charles I of England effectively sold their interest in New France and L’Acadie to France for $240,000. The St. Lawrence River has been closed to Frenchmen during the past three years.
Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), of France, excluded the Recollets from New France, opening the field to complete Jesuit control. The Jesuits were to assimilate by civilizing and were to convert to French/Roman Catholic Christianity, the Savages of the New World. They had very little success but would continue towards this end until the mid to late twentieth century.
The Couillard-Hébert family receives the first slave of the colony. He is a Black boy from the West Indies. The historian Marcel Trudel has counted 4092 slaves throughout Canadian history, of which 2692 were Indians (the favorites of French-speakers) and 1400 Blacks (the favorites of English-speakers) owned by approximately 1400 masters. The region of Montréal dominates with 2077 slaves compared to 1059 for Québec and 114 for Trois-Rivières. Many were held by religious orders. Several marriages took place between French colonists and slaves (31 unions between with Indian slaves and 8 with Black slaves) which means that a number of Québécois today have slaves somewhere in their family trees.
March: The treaty of St. German En Laye restored New France and Acadia to France. New France, for the past three years, was under the rule of English free traders. Acadia Fort La Tour was not taken and much blood was shed before Port Royal, Acadia was returned. William de Caen, a Calvinist, is appointed Governor of New France because he is a man of means. (I)-Isaac de Razilly (1587-1636) was equipped to remove all English and Scots from Acadia by force if necessary. Port Royal promptly surrendered. Acadia is also restored to France, and (I)-William Alexander’s settlement returns to Scotland, except for one or two families who chose to remain among the French and Metis Acadians.
March 27: (I)-Isaac de Launoy de Razilly (1587-1636) and Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), agreed that (I)-Isaac de Razilly (1587-1636) was to take over Port Royal Acadia for the Company of New France. (I)-Isaac de Razilly (1587-1636) settled at Le Heve, built a Fort and brought 40 settlers out. English Governor Winthrop was concerned with the Le Heve Fort and ordered construction of a Fort at Boston, a Fort at Natascott and a plantation at Agawam.
May: (I)-Isaac de Launoy de Razilly (1587-1636) is named Lieutenant General for the King in New France and is granted a tract of land at Ste Croix.
June: (I)-Etienne Brule (1592-1632) is killed by the Hurons, likely near Penetanguishe, Ontario
July: The De Caen’s French ship, on July 4th, is lost in a storm not far from Fort Kebec. The Savages came to see the men, having discovered the abandoned ship grounded in the mud. This year a single French ship arrived at Fort Kebec with Captain Emery de Caen- brother of William, Guillaume Guillemmot, Sieur Duplessis Bouchart (Kerbordo or Quebordo?) with forty men including three Jesuit missionaries, Father Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664), Father Anne de Noue (1587-1646) and a lay brother- Gilbert Burel, but no Recollects. The English, under Kirke, turned Fort Kebec over to Caen. Kirke departed on July 13 with two shiploads of booty. The Hebert family and five other families had been allowed by the English to remain in Fort Kebec to protect their holdings. The Hebert family is likely allowed to remaim because they are Metis. Father Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664), a Jesuit of Huguenot parents, one of the three, in letter, said the Fort at Kebec and some huts on the Island of Hochelaga (Montreal), at Three Rivers and Tadoussac, along with a few fishermen’s log cabins on the St. Lawrence, is about all there is to show for the discovery of New France. The English-French had not only plundered but also burnt a greater part of the buildings. Captain Thomas Ker, a Frenchman, who had gone over to the English with David and Louys Ker, his brothers and one Jacques Michel d-1632, all are Huguenots, were involved in the destruction of Kebec. De Caen says the Kebec inventory of 9,000 beaver skins valued at 40,000 livres is missing. Madam Herbert, her family and most of her farm was intact but the Savages killed her cows. A little Negro and his French family were also left by the English. (I)-Jacques Hertel d-1651 in Canada since 1615 took refuge among the Savages when Kebec was captured and is recorded as the first farmer at Three Rivers. One however is hard pressed to place colonization much before this date. Even this modest toehold would not have been possible were it not for the Coureurs-des-Bois.
July 4: (I)-Charles de Memou d’Aulnay (1596-1650) arrived Acadia and later married Jeanne Motin daughter Louis Motin de Corcelles and Marie De Salins.
July 5: The French De Caen with the Jesuits Father Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) and Father Anne de Noue (1587-1646), arrived at Kebec but the English still occupied the fort.
July 13: The French, (I)-Emery de Caen and du Plessis Bouchart, finally entered Fort Kebec which the English handed over to them.
July 13: Three ships departed France for Acadia with 300 people mostly men but some say there might have been 12-15 women aboard.
August 25: The Canadians arrived Kebec; the Montagnard, the Huron, the Nation of the Bear (Huron), the Tobacco Nation, and the Nation of the Sorcerers (Hiroquois), and many others, arrived in 50 canoes.
September 8: (I)-Issac de Launoy de Razilly (1587-1635), Lieutenant General of New France, with three ships and 12-15 families, but with 300 men arrived at Acadia. Some suggest 40 families are settled at La Have, Acadia but this count must have included the mixed marriages with the Micmac. They built their settlement at La Have, on the site of Riverport, Nova Scotia. A Micmac village was located nearby. Subsidiary communities soon sprang up, Port Rossignel for fishing and Mirligueche for lumbering. (II)-Charles de La Tour (1595-1665) and (I)-Isaac de Razilly d’aulnay (1587-1636) was designated Lieutenant-General of all parts of New France called Canada and the Governor of Acadia, he returned to France, having assumed control of La Have, Port Royal and the Ste Croix region of Acadia. Some early names include Dugas, Gaudet, Landry and Aucoin. Names to arrive later include Lablanc, Cormier, Gallant, Legere, Saunier, Arsenault, Boudreau, Comeau, Robichaud, Theriault and Thibodeau, to name a few of the several hundred colonists. The colonists built dikes to reclaim the fertile lands of the Bay of Funday, rather than clear the forested upland areas. As a result, they posed no threat to the Micmac People and a great friendship grew between the Peoples. Many of the early French settlers took Micmac wives, and La Have was known as an Acadian Metis settlement. It is noteworthy that La Have from 1632 to 1635 was the capital of Acadia.
October 25: The Manitougache (Montagnait) asked shelter for his family as the Hiroquois had been seen near Kebec. The Jesuit said he and his sons are most welcome but girls and women are not allowed to sleep in our house. The Jesuit sleep in the Huron cabins with the men, girls, women and dogs but can’t provide sanctuary for the Huron. The Jesuits would not see that they had just rejected Jesus Christ by rejecting these girls and women. The first Europeans encountered drank blood (red wine) and ate wood (dry biscuits). The French they called Ouemichtigouchiou (man who work in wood). The Savages have long memories.
December 2: The Jesuit say from this date on we were required to wear raquettes (snow shoes). The Savages can jump like bucks or run like deer wearing these raquettes. They make shoes of elk skin that they use with these raquettes.
September 8: Charles Daniel (d-1661) attacked Ochiltree’s settlement, capturing the Fort and the colonists at Baleine, Cape Breton Island..
September 14: Most of the French settlers are deported from Kebec except for five families and 7 interpreters who are living with the Natives.
October 29: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) and the French prisoners reach England.
November 30: (I)-Claude de Saint Etienne de La Tour, (1570-1736+) a prisoner in England since 1628, is enrolled as a baronet of Acadia ( Nova Scotia) and transferred his allegiance to the English.
December: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) is in France urging the return of Canada to French control.
1633
One birth is recorded in Kebec, New France.
Barthelemi Bertaut aka Bertault, a gunsmith is listed as single but was involved in 44 court cases in Trois Rivieres
Pierre Bienvenu, savage; It is common practice for the French to give the savages French names. Savages at this time means wild, runners of the woods, free not under control of church or state.
Birth (II)-Jean Galeran Boucher son (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married September 1, 1650 Kebec, Jean Plante
(I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort is Governor of Trois Rivieres and would assume Governor New France upon the death of Champlain.
(I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot (1608-1681) returns to Kebec this year and is credited by some to be the official founder of Trois Riviers.
General du Plessis Bouchard, is at Tadoussac.
(I)-Oliver Le Tardif (1601-1665) returned to Kebec this year or next.
(I)-Jean Bigot de Tourouvre, au Perche married 1633 Kebec, Thomine Chastel is in New France 1633 to 1636, however 1st child (II)-Francoise Bigot is born 1632 and 1st married 1647 Charles Guillebout and 2nd married May 8, 1659 Denis Briere, Kebec .
(I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651), an interpreter, who took refuge among the Savages when the English captured Kebec is given a land grant at Trois Rivieres, being the first to settle there, he married 1641 Marie Marguerie. This is not likely as Trois Rivieres has been in use since 1615, however mostly as a trading center for the free traders.. Some suggest, 7 to 15 Frenchmen remained in New France during the British occupation.
(I)-Madame Coullart gave birth to a boy child, in Kebec.
De La Tour (a judge of Champlain) married Louise de sauvagesse, according to Tanguay. Date/location not identified.
Pastedechouan, savage was sent to France by the Recollects and is returned to Emery de Caen at Kebec with the name Pierre and he is given to the Jesuits as an interpreter.
Father (I)-Gilbert du Thet, d-1633, a Jesuit is killed by the English at St-Sauveur-Des-Monts, Kebec
Captain Thomas Ker, David Ker, Louis Ker and Jacques Michel all Frenchmen and alleged Huguenots had gone over to the English.
Frenchmen who took country wives were officially listed as single as country marriages were not considered as binding. Many early country marriages were not recorded and their children were recorded as savages.
The Huron said that the Hiroquois had killed three Frenchman this year.
Those Frenchmen who did not produce baptized children are not considered settlers in New France. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) produced no children therefore he was not a settler.
Lawyers are not allowed to immigrate to New France or even visit, by Royal decree. This policy remained in effect until 1765.
The first French ship to return after the English occupation stopped at Basque Scaffold near Tadoussac a place so called because the Basque go there to catch whales.
The French teach the Savages the art of bleeding to cure illness. Some of the Savages are using the French practice of blood letting to allow evil spirits to escape the body.
The Montagnard say he who made everything is called Atahocan. Others say the Manitou is God. They say Messou restored the world after it was lost in the waters (deluge) that drowned the whole world.
The Jesuits are now in full control, having effectively replaced the Recollect-Franciscans. They have a pathological desire to create a religious monopoly, with the state being sub-servant to Rome. This year marks an end to a century long quest by the Huguenots to establish a colony in Canada. Huguenots had to convert to Roman Catholic to remain in New France.
The Jesuits claim humility is born of truth, vanity of errors and falsehood. The Savages (Montagnais) claim liberty is by ‘right of Birth’. The Jesuits say they are real buffoons. It is noteworthy that the Jesuit in the future are expelled from most countries because of their intrigue and falsehoods.
Louis Amantacha, a Wendat (Huron), arrived at Fort Kebec and returned for his people who came with some 500 Wendat, followed a little later with 140 canoe furs. The Jesuit wished to return with the Wendat but are refused because they say the Algonquin might kill them. They would be allowed to go the next season.
The Huron (Wendat) are competitors with the Algonquin over the fur trade. Rumors abound that the Jesuits are more interested in beaver-skin than winning souls.
The Jesuit have two cows, two little heifers, and a little bull. They have two fat sows with 4 suckling little pigs. Monsieur (I)-Robert Giffard de Moncel (1587-1668) also has a cow.
It is estimated that 30,000 furs are being traded to the Dutch, exhausting the supply of furs in Iroquois territory. The Iroquois attacked the French on the St. Lawrence above Kebec, killing two French and wounding four others.
A party of French pirates plunder the English at Penobscott, Maine and said they were from the Isle of Rhe. It is believed (II)-Charles La Tour, (1595-1665) is believed behind this attack. They encountered an English sahallop commanded by Dixy Bull and robbed him of his goods. Dixy Bull as a result turned pirate and plundered Pemaquid, Maine. The English spent two months trying to find him without success.
More ships arrive La Have, Acadia with men and supplies but no women.
February 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Couillard, Metis, daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); 1st married October 25, 1648, Kebec, Francois Bissot: 2nd marriage September 7, 1675, Jacques De Lalande. Marguerite Lesage, wife of (I)-Nicolas Pivert is godmother to Marie Couillard.
March 1: Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), commanded (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) to take control of Fort Kebec with two hundred colonists including Fathers (I)-Antoine Daniel (1601-1648), (I)-Ambroise Davost (1586-1643), Father (I)-Ememond Masse and Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649). Sieur (I)-Jean de Bourdon arrived, an engineer and surveyor in the service of the crown. The objective is two fold: to harvest furs and souls.
April: The Jesuits were amazed at the harmony among and between the savage families living in such close proximity. The French would be squabbling all the time. They noted that the savage women have an equal voice in important matters. A man may promise you something, and, if he does not keep his promise, he thinks he is sufficiently excused when he tells you that his wife did not wish to do it. I told him then that he was the master, and that in France women do not rule their husbands. The Jesuit would try to overturn the culture of the country.
April: The Frenchmen from Old France are astonished that the Jesuit say nothing about the conversion of the Savages during the many years that they have been in New France. The Jesuit list numerous feeble reasons for their lack of progress. The Savages say the French are worthless, they are wicked men, they do not tell us what you, Father Eschom (Brebeuf), tell them, and never the less it is of importance that we ought to talk of it at the Council of the whole land. The implications are if the French traders don’t believe the Jesuit why should the Huron. It is noteworthy that the Savages listen to reason readily, not that they always follow it, but generally they urge nothing against a reason which carries convection in their mind. The Jesuit however often do not respond to reason especially if it contradicts pre-established beliefs about New France. Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649).was given the name Eschom when he visited the Huron this year. He likely departed from the trading post at Trois Rivieres. The Huron planted corn but only two families had stored any corn.
May 14: (I)- Olivier Le Jeune (d-1654), a Negro slave, named Oliver Le Jeune d-1654 belonging to (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663) is baptized at Fort Kebec. The Kirk brothers had abandoned him. Others suggest he was sold to Couillard.
May 14: Kebec, baptism, a Negro slave from Madagascar, who was sold by the English Captain Ker, a Frenchman, for fifty ecur to Le Bailly. Le Bailly eventually presented him to another family that is settled in Kebec.
May 19: News reached Kebec that an English ship had entered Tadoussac, (Quebec) a few days ago. They did not know if it was a trading vessel or if France and England was again at war. Everyone was upon his guard.
May 22: Kebec, three ships arrived, the Saint Piere at 150 tonnage, captain Pierre Gregoire, the Saint Jean at 160 tonnage, captain Pierre de Nesle and the Don-de-Dieu at 90 tonnage, captain Pierre Morieult.
May 22: Monsieur Emery de Caen gave the keys of Fort Kebec to Monsieur General du Plessis Bouchard who delivered them next year to Monsieur Samuel de Champlain (1570-1635), to take command of the ships according to the decree of Monseigneur the Cardinal.
May 23: France reclaims Kebec.
May 30: An Algonquin killed a Frenchman and is put in chains at Fort Kebec.
May 31: La Nasse, a Savage, reported to the Jesuit that he had a vision (a dream) that some Frenchman would be killed
June 2: The Hiroquois (Agnieeronons) near Trois Rivieres, (Quebec) killed two Frenchmen and wounded four others, one of whom died shortly afterwards, just as the savage La Nasse had dreamed.
June 23: Sieur General du Plessis Bouchard sent word that 12-14 canoes of Sorcerers is at Sainte Croix, 15 leagues above Kebec. A few days earlier a dozen called Iroquet had passed this location with no fear. The French called the Hiroquois Sorcerers because they consulted Manitou (God) who the Jesuit considered as the Devil. It is noteworthy that all the nations had no Devil concept and all consulted the Great Manitou (God) and would eventually also be called Sorcerers by the Jesuit.
June 28: The English are still at Tadoussac (Quebec) trading in brandy.
July 2: A Frenchman is struck down while washing his cloths in a brook near Fort Kebec. He died two days later and a Savage of the Petite Nation who struck him down was captured and taken to the fort.
July 10: The Jesuit received news that a Savage (Algonquian) was sick, a half-league from the Jesuit Residence. They took a canoe to the Savage cabins. They encountered a unnamed Frenchman near the cabins, who said that the Savages did not want to show their child to the French. The Jesuit implied this Frenchman maybe trading in brandy secretly.
July 13: (I)-Emery de Caen b-1606, a Huguenot is appointed Provisional Governor of New France, and he took formal possession this date along with Monsieur General du Plessis Bouchard. Some Frenchmen were still in the woods who do not appear before the others because they had surprised, massacred and eaten their companions. The survivors at Trois Rivieres are in pitiful shape.
August 16: The French ships departed Kebec for Old France.
November 5: The Huron showed the French a palisade village where French resided, the Hiroquois had burned it down and killed the occupants. It was noted that a field was cultivated and Indian corn was growing. This is likely Trois Rivieres?
1634
Two marriages, one birth and one death are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Simon Baron arrived Kebec 1634
(I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) one of the more famous Coureur Des Bois is believed to have reached the Mississippi River this year. He always wore a Chinese robe during his travels.
(I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne, b-1607, died August 12, 1697, Trois Rivieres is believed to be at Trois Rivieres this year. He was a syndic of Trois Rivieres, then judge of the seigniory of Champlain, Three Rivers was officially established this year. Some claim Guillaume was born 1620 and arrived Three Rivers 1633. However he was a syndin in 1633 age 13, not likely.
A brother and sister savage are given to the Jesuits who name them Brehault.
During the winter of 1633/1634 the Basque had left a boy at Gaspe to learn the language but the savages had him killed and ate him.
(II)-Jean Bigot, (most likely Metis), b-1634, Kebec, died September 24, 1648, Kebec son (I)-Jean Bigot de Tourouvre, au Perche who married 1633 Kebec, Thomine Chastel is in New France 1633 to 1636, however 1st child (II)-Francoise Bigot (most likely Metis) is born 1632 and 1st married 1647 Charles Guillebout and 2nd married May 8, 1659 Denis Briere, Kebec, 2nd child Jean born this year.
(II)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicole Lamaine, arrived this year Kebec with his family, he married April 8, 1649 Kebec his first wife Marie Madeleine (Chretienne) Ouebaddinoukoue, a Huron Indian girl, they had a son (III)-Jacques Boucher b-1650; his second marriage July 9, 1652 Kebec is (II)-Jeannie Crevier, b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard b-1619. He settled Trois Rivieres, likely about 1645, but may have located his Metis family at Trois Rivieres in 1642/43 while working Kebec. It’s noteworthy that sauvagesse married to Frenchmen were not welcome in Kebec unless they were baptized. Now Governor Pierre had the idea of creating a new people by the union of French men and Indian women. So it is likely his second wife was at least a Metis woman.
(I)-Martin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1634, married 1st. February 7, France Julienne Baril, d-1727; 2nd marriage 1628, France, (I)-Pierrine Mallet (1604-1687). Three child arrive with family (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1618, married September 3, 1641, Kebec, Florence Gareman; (II)-Louis Martin Boucher, b-1630 and (II)-Jean Galleran Boucher, b-1633.
(I)-Jasper Bouchard arrived Kabec 1634
(I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort, commandant of the new trading post at Trois Riveres, whose commission, likely since 1632, had been in the hands of (I)-Paul Le Jeune, (1591-1664) Superior of the Jesuits in New France. It is noteworthy that some believed Chasteaufort received his commission in 1630 but didn’t exercise it until 1634. Others suggest Monsieur de Maupertus was in charge of the trading post at Trois Rivieres (1635-1636). Could this be a reference to the old vs. new trading posts?
(I)-Jean Burbon arrived Kebec 1634
(I)-Zacharie Cloutier (1590-1677) married July 18, 1616, France, (I)-Xainte Dupont, arrived Kebec with a family of 7 this year.
(I)-Pierre Cluster arrived Kebec 1634
(I)-Jean Coste arrived Kebec 1634
(I)-Simon Baron, a Jesuit donnes and self taught surgeon arrived Kebec
(I)-Jean Cote (1603-1661) arrived Kebec 1634, married November 17, 1635, Kebec, (II)-Anne Martin daughter (I)-Abraham Martin and savage and/or Marquerite Langlois, b-1611, see 1624
(I)-Pierre Drouet a carpenter, died March 6, 1635, arrived Trois Rivieres to work for (I)-Nicolas Goupil, Sieur Laviolette (1604-1660), some suggest Nicolas Goupil and Laviolette are two different persons. Tanguay suggest Laviolette is an alias for Goupil.
Louis Amantacha Sainte Foy, a savage baptized in France is returned to Kebec.
(I)-Jean Guton (Guyon) (Dion) dit DuBuisson (1592-1663) married June 2, 1615, France (I)-Mathurine Madeleine Robin,d-1662, this family of 8 arrived Kebec this year. Or is this the (I)-Jean Guyon who arrived Kebec 1619?? Very suspicious!
(I)-Guillaume Guillemot, sieur Duplessis Bouchard aka Duplessis Quebodo a lieutenant of Emery de Caen transported (I)-Robert Giffard’s de Moncel (1587-1668) colony to Beauport and helped in the foundation of Trois Rivieres.
(I)-Jean Guyon, sieur du Buisson, a mason and educated man from Perche married Madeleine Boule
(I)-Noel Juchereau des Chastelets, arrived Kebec 1634
Manitouchatche La Nasse, a Savage is baptized a relative of Pierre Antoine, Savage.
Monsieur de Lauson is at Trois Rivieres this year.
(I)-Robert Lecorg arrived Kebec 1634
Sasousmat Marsolet, b-1605/09, a Savage is baptized and given the surname Marsolet.
(I)-Jacques Michel, a French Huguenot who brought the English to Kebec, died this year in Kebec.
Sieur (I)-Oliver is at Kebec (an interpreter of the Algonquins?).
(I)-Francois Petit Pre a Jesuit engage is captured by the Hiroquois in the spring of this year. He managed to escape to the Huron Nation.
Father (I)-Nicolect, a Recolect is believed to have been drowned by the Huron. This must apply to pre 1629 as the Recollet are not allowed into New France after 1632. This would be Father Nicolas Viel d-1625. He produced the first dictionary of the Huron Language.
Under the orders of (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), (I)-Nicolas Goupil, Sieur of Laviolette (1604-1660) travels to the mouth of the Saint-Maurice river to found a fur trading post and a fort. It will come to be known as Trois-Rivières. For a long time, this site will be one of the most advantageous for the activities of fur traders. Tanguay suggests Laviolette is an alias for Goupil, others however suggest Nicolas Goupil & Laviolette are two different persons.
By this year, more than 50 seigneuries were assigned along the St. Lawrence River. The seigneur or lord had to declare himself a vassal of the King. The soil belonged to the seigneur, but the King held the title to all lands. The King retained the mineral or subsoil rights and all oak trees on the property. The peasant settlers could only rent the land and were servants of the lord.
Cap de la Madeleine near Trois Rivieres (established July 1, 1634) is established this year and becomes the home of many Metis People..
Between 1634 and August 1663, while the colony was governed by the Compagnie des Cent Associes, about 262 filles a marier (marriageable girls) were recruited by individuals
By way of a bit of background, the texts discussed here are called: Dictionnaire généalogique des Familles Canadiennes depuis la fondation de la colonie jusqu’à nos jours (Genealogical Dictionary of Canadian Families from the Founding of the Colony to Our Time). This body of genealogical work is generally recognized as the seminal work for all French-Canadian genealogy. It is “printed” in seven (7) volumes. This huge and historically significant textual documentation is most amazingly the work of but one single person, Father (Abbé/ Abbott) Cyprien Tanguay. To quote Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online:
1837 Patriots Rebellion