I have encountered yet another Quebec genealogy mystery. As you might expect, this “new” mystery also involves the Deyo line. Nothing new there, I guess!
Here’s where things stand currently. The family in question are the Francois Lafaye/ Marguerite Foret family- my gggg-grandparents down my grandmother’s maternal line (mid 1700s).
Marguerite Foret/Forest appears ‘likely’ to have been the daughter of Bonaventure Foret/Forest and Marie-Claire Rivet. She as well as her entire Forest/Foret family were deported by the British ultimately landing in Louisiana as part of le Grand Dérangement; deportation records (on Ancestry.com) support that assertion as does a database on the Acadian-Cajun website. Additionally I have found the following history on the Acadiansingray website (for the complete history and sources click this link):
All of the Acadian Rivets who found refuge in Louisiana came from Maryland in the late 1760s:
Claire Rivet of Pigiguit age 42, wife of Bonaventure Forest, age 44, reached Louisiana in July 1767 with the second contingent of Acadians from Maryland. With them were four daughters, ages 18 to 12. They settled with the rest of the 1767 arrivals at St.-Gabriel d’Iberville south of Baton Rouge. Claire remarried to Abraham dit Petit Abram, son of fellow Acadian Abraham Landry and widower of Élisabeth LeBlanc and Marguerite Flan, probably at nearby Ascension in the 1770s. Claire died at Ascension in March 1780; the priest who recorded her burial said that she was 62 years old when she died, but she was closer to 57.
However there are other opinions on this including the following very nicely articulated by Paul Drainville of Springfield, Ma.
English: A painting of the portation in Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia. Français : Scène de la déportation des Acadiens en 1755. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
[...] I was able to read of the hardships “Marie Lore” went through in her conversion (to the religion of her youth) and in the help that she provided to Madame Feller in her establishment of [her] mission.
It was interesting to read that Madame Feller referred to Francois Lafay as having been a French sailor who left his ship in the area of Boston…
I also was directed by M. Doray to the marriage record for Marie Anne Lafay who married Francois Lord, June 6, 1806 St. Marguerite de Blairfindie. In this record Francois Lafay is listed as an officer. I then found through a google book search a book that listed Francois Lafay as being an officer who served in the Canadian militia (at L’Acadie) for Britain in the war of 1812 (he would have been in his early 70′s). So two differnet sources refer to him being an officer…
This likely confirmed for me what Prof. Stephen White had written to me that Francois Lafay was most likely educated as Francois signed his name “Francois Lafay” as someone educated in English would have signed. If Francois was an officer he most likely would have then been educated.
[...] Quebec records indicate a Boston connection (area of Boston could mean the whole of New England). Prof. White suspects a Connecticut connection, as that was the location Marguerite and her family had been exiled in the deportation.[...]
The curious counter-point I would mention is to be found on the marriage record of my ggg-grandparents- Ignace Denis dit LaPorte and Julie Lafaye. On their marriage document dated 1801, it is noted that Francois Lafaye is a Laboreur. As in the example above his signature remains the same. So was he a military man or was he a common man? If you are fluent in French, I’d appreciate comments on the marriage text below.
Map of Louisiana highlighting Iberville Parish (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
So what can I say? Marguerite’s husband, Francois, is a perplexing ‘mystery’. How and when Francois Lafaye arrived in the Southern colonies (today the US) is not certain. His position in life, uncertain. More frustratingly, Francois Lafaye is also extremely difficult to connect firmly to a set of parents- for now I have him linked with Francois Faille and Marie Anne Brosseau, because they had a son of the correct age and name (this is a commonly accepted, albeit, unreliable connection). The truth is, we don’t know who his parents were. The best I can do right now is guess.
To be genealogically more accurate and for me to be personally more comfortable, I really need some definitive information explaining how Francois came to the American colonies (Louisiana?). Finding that information, it then becomes more likely that we will be able to clearly identify his parents. But, to date I have not been able to find that information and those linkages. Perhaps some one out there has?! Ah well, such is the uncertainty of genealogy.
There seems to be a lot of confusion on the web regarding the ancestors and history of Marguerite Forest/Foret . But I, at least, am pretty happy saying she is the daughter of Bonaventure Foret and Claire Rivet. By that I mean I have found an adequate and cohesive amount of readily available circumstantial evidence. As was mentioned earlier, it seems probable that Marguerite and her family were deported to Maryland ending up in Louisiana in the south as part of the British deportation (ethnic cleansing) of Acadia; and, she resided in that area and perhaps the American Colonies during the 10 to 15 years after 1767 (this comment is based on the terminology used in her and Francois rehabilitation marriage record, above). As with most ‘removed’ Acadians, we tend to loose track of them once they departed Canada (such is largely the case with Marguerite). And as was explained above, there are other opinions, some seem very probable. But, each of the options seem to be missing hard evidence.
St. Gabriel (1761 – 1763) Church of the Iberville Coast [was] built by Acadian exiles in 1769. It was located in 1773 on Spanish Manchac on a grant given by that Government. [...] Believed to be the oldest Catholic church structure in Louisiana, St. Gabriel Church has been lovingly restored and maintained by the church congregation. It was built in 1769 and has been moved several times. [...]This area is in a part of Acadiana, which was founded by the Acadians, after their expulsion from Nova Scotia in the mid 1700s. St. Gabriel Roman Catholic Church is perhaps one of the oldest churches in the Louisiana Purchase Territory. [...]Tradition sets the date of the formation of the parish in 1761. According to the 1972 National Register nomination form, the Capuchin Vicar General, Father Dagobert, directed that a church be established in 1769, and tradition has it that the church building was completed in that same year. [...]The first baptism record available for the St. Gabriel Church is dated April 22, 1773, and the first marriage record is from January 1, 1773.
All of the above information certainly goes a long way towards explaining why the marriage of Francois Lafaye and Marguerite Foret required rehabilitation, it was never officially registered. or recognized by the Catholic Church. It may in fact have not even been conducted in a Church setting. hmmm.
Given the data I have discovered to-date, Francois Lafaye (Lafaille) & Marguerite Forest/Foret were most likely married in a non-Church setting (or minimally their wedding was unregistered) in Louisiana in 1767. This date is supported by PRDH & Drouin films, the location is up to the facts you choose to believe. I personally like the facts associated with the Rivet-Foret relocation through Maryland to St. Gabriel, Louisiana. The actual month and day, given on their rehabilitation record, seems to read 4 June 1767; other readers have translated the date differently. Most certainly, their marriage was rehabilitated 23 June 1792 in L’Acadie, St-Jean, Quebec. The rehabilitated marriage is signed by “Francois Lafay” not “Lafaille” or “Faille”.
We also, know that the couple had several children while living in the southern colonies who were re-baptized in that same church in L’Acadie, St-Jean, Quebec in the 1790′s (see image below). Julie Lafaye (my ggg-grandmother) was one of those children as her re-baptismal record attests. She (age 7) and her sister Brigitte (age 13) were re-baptized on the same day, 21 Sept. 1791; their brother Francois was also re-baptised that same year.
As Mr. Drainville’s note suggests, collateral searches are in order; without additional evidence this genealogy is at a brickwall. And so the search goes on!
To conclude our tale, Marguerite died 18 Feb 1819 in L’Acadie, Quebec. Francois Lafaye remarried Magdeleine Lepine 22 in Nov 1819 in L’Acadie, Quebec, Canada.
Francois Lafaye died June 1824 in L’Acadie, Quebec.
If you know of additional source information regarding this couple that you are willing to share, please let me know. Any/ all help are most welcome.
Finding “French Canadian” North American ‘relatives’ can be quite a challenge. My searches most often lead me to southernmost Quebec (Bas Canada, near La Prairie and Lacolle areas) as well as to Northern New York (specifically Clinton County, NY). It seems that is the general area where most of my French-speaking forebears lived (from 1780- 1925); on occasion they manage to spill into the Quebec or Montreal areas, but that is almost always in the years before 1780. As you might know, the area I search is rather small geographically, as well as from a population perspective. But my observation has been, even though folks did not move around very much, they hid very well.
Over the years, I have learned a few hard fought lessons in doing my Francophone Quebec/ New York genealogy. I hope my series of tips & pointers will save some of you a few steps and maybe even some time in your searches.
Tricks? I use to uncover my French Canadian family data includes…
Data discovery
I almost always start by performing a quick search for folks using Ancestry.com records, especially the Drouin records. You will need Ancestry’s mega world license in order to make this function work well for you. Remember Canada is not part of the US and Ancestry licenses the use of these records with great pride and price. They are included in the WORLD license!
If you are unable to afford the International license fees for Ancestry (and many people are not predisposed to that exorbitant license fee), then the next best thing is FamilySearch.org. FamilySearch has almost all of the Drouin records indexed and, on top of that, they are very easy to read (page by page). Just remember you will want to have a reliable and super fast Internet connection for this ‘reading effort’. Otherwise, the reading will be pure torture, because of its slowness. You will find the FamilySearch Drouin records information filed under: Quebec, Catholic Parish Registers, 1621-1900 Obviously, as the title implies, this information has a rather strict time frame limit constraint associated with it. For more detailed searching and reading the following documents plus numerous additional tomes are now online…
“For best results”I recommend always performing steps 1 & 2.
As with any genealogy search, I also rely on Mocavo.com queries. I love to see what others may have found, about those people I search. You never know where good information will appear.
NosOrigines is one of the best online databases for French Canada. The data is almost always accurate and it is closely monitored for quality and accuracy, unlike the junk you find promoted on OneWorld or other Ancestry or FamilySearch supported family trees (all of which are extremely unreliable, in my experience…).
Research Rootsweb looking for clues & hints. I have found some very useful information on family members and their already published trees there! I generally find this to be the second most helpful source of family members right after NosOrigines.
For older materials there are two essential sources of data one is:
Cyprien Tanguay’s Dictionnaire Genealogique des Familles Canadiennes which may be found in two locations:
Once you find useful Census reports. I recommend you take the time to read every page of the relevant Census document – even when they are dozens of pages long. I do this in both US and Canada Census documents in hopes of finding clues beyond those available for my original searched ‘person’. I have had great success using this method to identify/ validate other related families, friends, and family stories.
I recommend you conduct extensive research on siblings to find clues about parents. This is also a useful method for finding name variations, relatives, etc.
Much like with any Census data I find, when I find a grave I searched every online cemetery record in the surrounding area in hopes of finding additional information about family or family members and relationships.
When I find a useful Church record, if I have access to the entire church record, I scan the document for additional siblings, events, etc. If I have ordered and received the Church microfilm for my use in the local LDS Family History Center, I place any productive Church film on permanent hold. I like to keep my folks nearby for when I get another bright search idea.
When I’m on the hunt, I use as many spellings of surnames and given names as I can invent to conduct queries.. never say never! Not only will you discover that Census takers took liberties with names; parish priests, newspapers, gravestone makers, etc. did as well. Additionally, I have noted that there are regional preferences in terms of name use in documents. For example, NY Catholic Church records seem to prefer Latinate variants where Canadian’s seem to stick with native French, but often use short hand.
In both data discovery and refinement phases of your search, I recommend searching/posting messages to seek or share information. The Message Boards I most often use are on Ancestry.com and Genealogy.com.
When looking for burial information on this side of the border (US side), I make extensive use of the Northern New York Tombstone Project. I have found quite a treasure trove of useful information in their online database.
If you have additional ideas you would like me to share, please send them along and I’ll update this page. In another post I will be adding information regarding “where to find” and “how to get” non-online source materials.
This history will become the basis for my September 2011 tutorial at the Parker Genealogical Society. (Another example French Canada search for Francois Lafaye & Marguerite Foret/Forest is also underway at ManyRoads and may be used during the tutorial.)
Hyperlinks on this page will most often open source documents.
Comments, suggestions & questions are most welcomed.
For those of you who follow ManyRoads, you will recall that I have been looking for years for my great-grandmother’s family (Exina Menard- Deyo). I am sharing my work and data as it evolves (I hope much like a tutorial or case study.) for three reasons:
to help me keep things in one place (a running log?)
share the process of research with anyone interested in seeing my work as it stumbles, jerks and ultimately unfolds
to use in my September tutorial
Be aware, this page is being actively worked and its content will change!
This material grew in large part from a forum posting originally created by Bev Farrington (thank you Bev for the leads!). So far as I can tell, based upon Bev’s, as well as my own, research, our Alexandre Menard is NOT related to another Alexis Menard from Clinton County NY- he was the son of Francois Menard & Madeleine Matte.
Now on to what I believe we can say about Exina Deyo’s parents, Alexis/Alexandre Menard/Minar/Miner (also known as: Alexis Menard dit Bellerose) and Louise/Marie-Louise/LaLouisa Pageau/Pajeau/Painchaud/Page/Pigeon/Payette/Pajo/Pacheau.
In the 1851 Canadian Census, Alexis shows up as living with his parents (Alexis Menard- a farmer & Margueritte Barriere- housewife) as well as with his siblings (Pierre, Edouard, Abram- all three sons were classed as Laborers). Most peculiarly, the Alexis Menard family is listed on the exact same page of the 1851 Canada Census as the family of Joseph & Julie Dion/ Deyo/Deo (this is the family into which Exina later marries- George/ Georges Deo/ Deyo!).
Then if that weren’t odd enough, a very generous Menard Family Member (Jackie Menard Hillier) sent me additional information on Alexis; and there he was married to Aurelie Dion (10 Feb 1852). Be aware, this is the very same Dion family into which my g-grandmother Exina marries again (to a nephew of Aurelie) much later in time. To add further confusion to the mix, I have no children for this marriage, nor do I find a death for Aurelie (yet). My assumption, based upon the data I have, is that Aurelie and Alexis had no children. And, Aurelie disappears after this marriage; it is likely she dies.
Further research (perhaps I should say, fortuitous searching)also has lead me to the discovery of a Michel Page family in Huntingdon County Quebec. Is this the family of Louise Page? It looks like it might be. Certainly the name and location is correct. But most certainly we need more information.
Alexis’ & Louise’s marriage is likely to have taken place between 1852-1855 before 1856 (the assumed birth date of Marie-Louise Menard for whom I have yet to find a birth document) but after 1852, the marriage of Alexis to Aurelie this is based upon the fact that in 1851 Alexis was living with his parents in St. Bernard Lacolle, Quebec, Canada; and, the couple’s first known child was born in 1856. I expect that the actual marriage year is closest to 1855 (or 1856 minus 9 months).
Of an expected 13 children, we have, thus far, identified:
Son- Alexandre Thomas, born 26 May 1857, bapt 17 Oct 1857, St John the Baptist of Keeseville – the 1861 Canada Census notes his birth as being in L.C or Bas Canada (no birth record yet…)
Daughter- Marceline (Marie Marceline Menard), born about 1859, Lacolle Quebec, Canada. She appears to have died before 1863 when her sister Marie Celina was born. Based upon naming conventions, it is possible that they shared the same name.
The family is known to have resided in the following locations (this chronology is based largely upon children’s assumed or documented birth locations as well as Census data)….
The family has not been found in 1860 US Census which leads me to believe they may have resided in Canada during the time that enumeration was taken (the Census year of 1860) and perhaps for the duration of the US Civil War- the years 1861- 1865.
One fact supporting this contention is that in 1865, the year Aurelie was born in LaColle Canada, the family was noted as being members of the LaColle parish in Quebec. Additionally, I have found a record for one “Alex Manor of Mooers, NY” who was a private in the 118th Regiment, New York Infantry Company I (Adirondack Regiment) of the Union Armies during the years of 1862-1865. (For a timeline of the 118th access this link). Circumstantial evidence appears to point to this as our Alex Menard although thus far it is impossible to prove this ‘absolutely’. Interestingly, the 118th and Alex Manor were present at the cesation of hostilities following their participation in the Battle of Appomattox.
During the 1861 Canada Census, the family of Alexis Menard and Louise Pageau is living in Lacolle next to Alexis parents. Based upon this data, they appear, as of 1861 ‘not yet’ to have emigrated to the United States. This conflicts with the assumed residences listed in Bev’s original posting on the family. Birth records of the family’s pre- 1861 children will provide a more accurate indication of their home location during the first years of their marriage. Until I find something different, I will continue with my assumed chronology, above, using the mix of Census data and birth records I have at this time.
By the time of the 1870 US Census, we find the Alex MAINOR family living in Ellenburgh Center (Clinton County) NY. This would seem to indicate that they emigrated to the US sometime during the years between 1861 and 1869. In 1870 the family members include:
Alex, 42, Canada
Mary, 31, NY
Louisa, 14, NY
Alexander, 13, NY
Aurilla, 5, Canada
Jeremiah, 2, NY
Adelia, 2/12, NY
With the 1880 US Census, the “renamed” MINERs are located in Clinton (Clinton County) NY. By this time the family has grown to include:
Alexander, 48, Canada
Mary, 42, NY
Thomas, 23, NY
Aurilla, 15, Canada
Jeremiah, 12, NY
Delia, 10, NY
Agnes, 7, NY
Mary, 5, NY
Honora, 2, NY
Francis, 10/12, NY
Then sadly in August of 1883, we find that Louisa Page/ Miner has died. The words on Louisa Page/ Miner’s grave (located in St. Edmund’s Cemetery, Ellenburg Center, Clinton County, New York) read:
MINER
Louisa PAGE / Wife of / Alex MINER, / Died Aug. 21, 1883. / AE. 45 Yrs. /
May her soul rest in peace Amen /
She was mother of 13 children /
Francis / Their Son died / Sept. 1880. / Age 22. Mos. /
Catholic Church. St. Jean le Baptiste (Keeseville, New York)-Baptisms, marriages, burials 1853-1863 FHL US/CAN Film 1450720
St. Patrick’s Church of Chateaugay, N.Y., 1863-1915 FHL US/CAN Film 1450729
“Town of Mooers” book which was compiled in 2004 with the civil records of Mooers (1804 – 2004) from the Northern New York American-Canadian Genealogical Society
Tricks? I have used to uncover my data..
For more detailed pointers/tips see additional posts on searching for materials about Quebec ancestors:
I have read every page of each Census (US and Canada looking for clues beyond those found for an original searched ‘person’.
I have conducted extensive research on siblings to find clues about parents.
I have conducted numerous validation and exploratory searches on Canada Genealogy for information.
I have searched every online cemetery record/ database I could find for Clinton County NY; the northern NY transcription project being most heavily used.
I use as many spellings of surnames and given names as I can invent to conduct queries.. never say never!
Researched Rootsweb looking for clues & hints. I have found some very useful information on Alexis’ parents there!
I have read every page of the Church and Census records for the following Towns and years:
St. Bernard Parish in Lacolle, Quebec, Canada- 1854,1855,1856,1857 (on Ancestry.com)
St. Valentin Parish in Lacolle, Quebec, Canada- 1855-1867, 1847-1855, 1839-1847 volumes (for years 1852-1859 and 1839 on FamilySearch.org; 1856, 1839 (on Ancestry.com)
St. Constant 1852-1855 on FamilySearch.org
St. Bernard 1852-1855 on FamilySearch.org
Lapraire 1852-1855 also 1835-1841 on FamilySearch.org
Napierville 1852-1855 also 1835-1841 on FamilySearch.org
St Jean Chrysostome 1852-1855 also 1835-1841 on FamilySearch.org
St. Mathieu 1852-1855 also 1835-1841 on FamilySearch.org
St. Marc sur Richelieu 1852-1855 also 1835-1841 on FamilySearch.org
St. Antoine sur Richelieu 1852-1855 also 1835-1841 on FamilySearch.org
St. Philomena Parish in Churubusco, NY, USA- 1873-1915 (LDS Family History Center)
St. Joseph du Corbeau in Coopersville, NY, USA- 1855, 1856 (on Ancestry.com)
I have read the following Canada Census documents:
Huntingdon County, Quebec, 1861, 1851 (all)
I continue to seek additional clues for Alexis Menard dit Bellerose’s and Louise Pageau’s life, marriage, children, events and photos(?). Is there anyone out there who might have additional clues or pointers? If so, please contact me directly.
As I have written numerous times before the Deyo portion of my family is a bit of a challenge.
Well recently, my analysis and documentation of the Joseph Dion line was once again brought into question (by my new friend Craig LaPine!).
On Saturday the 24th of April, I received the following email note from Craig:
Hello Mr. Rabideau. I enjoy your [ManyRoads] site regarding the Deyo family. I am a descendant of Emma Deyo (a daughter of John and Mary Ann Bonah, whom I don’t see listed on your site [meaning I missed Emma]). I have specifics on her but she first married Charles Lagoy and the Fred Belair. I am from the Lagoy/Deyo line. Anyhow, I see that you listed John’s parents as Joseph and Julie Denis and his parents as Benoit Guyon and Marie Alain. Today I was looking up Joseph and Julienne’s marriage in the Drouin files and found that they were married in Napierville on 22 Jul 1828. Her parents were listed as Ignace and Julie Fall). Joseph’s parents were listed as Ignace (from St-Marc) and Marie Anne Gervais. Have you come across these names before?
Needless to say this brought to question my Joseph Dion to Benoit Dion/ Marie Allain family line. Not only had I missed his ‘Emma’ but I had introduced serious structural errors into the line. I reinvestigated. As I rummaged around, I stumble across a note from Wilfred Deyo that had been given me by Barb Deyo. Wilfred’s note [analysis] reads:
John Deyo & Mary Anna (Bonnin) Deyo
Short Genealogical History
According to his death certificate John Deyo was born in Rouses Point, New York on February 23, 1839. The year 1839 agrees with the data in various Census Reports on the family. He was born the son of Joseph Yon/Dyon and Julienne Denys. Julienne’s surname like Joseph’s took on many variations over the years- for example Denis and Dennis. She was also known as Julia, the English version for Julienne. There were many variations of the French Canadian names in the early years because of their inability to read and write in both their native tongue and English. Therefore they were unable to understand the names as they were spelled and entered in the records. And then there were priests in Canada in those early years that made personal decisions as to how the names of the family would be spelled. Most of the spelling of the names was based on the phonetic sound- the sound of the name as given by the person involved in providing the information for the records, such as births, marriages, deaths and of course Census Reports.
John Deyo was married under the name of John Dyon to Maria Bonin in St. Ann’s Church at Mooers Forks, New York on July 2, 1866 according to a copy of his “marriage certificate’ the writer has. The name Dyon appears to be a simple mis-interpretation of the name Dion. Maria was recorded under a number of names, both given and surnames as time went on. For example, she was known by the first names of Maria, Mary, and Anna. Mary, of course, being the English version of Maria. Surnames were also Bonin and Bonah. These names are all English versions of the French name Bonney. The name Bonney appears on a postcard that she received from a brother in Tacoma, Washington in the year 1915. The writer has that postcard.
John and Mary Deyo had 10 children. One name Jean Baptiste Yon (after his father) died in infancy.
John (Jean Baptiste) and another brother Frank (Francois) were both born in the United States while their sisters and brothers were born in Canada. Frank being born in 1837 and John in 1839 which were then known as the “Troubled Years” in Canada- that is when the French Canadians made an attempt to gain their independence and seize Quebec and failed. It appears that Joseph and other heads of French families living close to the American border (LaColle) decided to cross over and did return after the trouble was over. Joseph did migrate to the United States in the early 1850′s and become a U.S. citizen in October of 1861.
John Deyo died in Altona, New York on April 15, 1924.
Anna (Bonin/ Bonah) died in Altona, New York on February 17, 1937.
are both buried in the Holy Angels Cemetary in Altona, New York.
Note: Rough draft.
Date: September 3, 1986
writer: signed
Wilfred F. Deyo
No doubt, I had missed something important. The problem needed to be fixed. Craig and I discussed and analyzed the problem (via email); we were on our way to repairing my mistake. Craig and I compared notes… discussed options.
Our plan was a simple one. I would do the Ancestry re-work. Craig would trek to Plattsburgh to see what he could find. It was great having a partner doing our family genealogy. The fix was on!
Note:Several ManyRoads readers have questioned the accuracy of some of the Metis claims presented in this document by Mr. Garneau. Should you have evidence that you would like to present refuting the veracity and accuracy of any claims made by Mr. Garneau, which you would like us to present here, please contact us directly.
We are happy to present all relevant information here, in the interest of fairness, full disclosure and accuracy.
The following material is written by: R.D. (Dick) Garneau, who is solely responsible for its accuracy.
1635
Three marriages, four births and thirteen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle married Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619, see (II)-Pierre Boucher 1634 who married their daughter b-1636
About 31 women were recorded in Kebec at this time, three being Indian girls for marriage to French settlers. These are:
Three native maidens of marriageable age
(I)-Thomasse Gabarette, wife (I)-Francois Albert
Anne Couvent (Convent), b-1601 wife Phillippe Amyot
Simone d’Orgeville (1589-1649) wife (I)-Adrien d’Abancour dit Lacaille, d-1641,
Anne Ardouin d-1670 wife (I)-Jacques Badeau d-1658
(II)-Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet de Belleborne, Metis, b-1630 daughter (I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne (1598-1642) and Nipissirinienne sauvagesse, b-1610. (I)-Jean 2nd marriage Oct. 7, 1737 Kebec, (II)-Marguerite Couillard (1626-1705)
Helene Desportes wife (II)-Guillaume Hebert (1620-1639)
Jeanne Le Marchand wife (I)-Mathieu Michel Le Neuf du Herisson (1601-1642) brother (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie b-1606
(II)-Marguerite Le Gardeur, b-1608, wife (I)-Jacques Le Neuf de la Potherie, b-1606
(I)-Marie Le Neuf du Herisson (1612-1683) wife (1636) (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy de Linclot (1608-1681)
Marie d’Abancour (Avaugour) wife (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651)
Louise sauvagesse wife (1604-1704) (I)-Oliver De La Tour, Judge of Champlain
Marie Langlois wife Jean Junchereau de Maure
Madeleine Le Neuf du Herisson wife Jean Poutrel di Colombier
The Jesuits have established this year 6 residences in New France:
Residence of Sainte Anne at Cape Breton
Residence of Saint Charles at Misku, an island in the Bay of Chaleurs.
Residence of Nostredame de Recouvrance at Kebec, near the fort.
Residence of Nostredame de Anges about 1/2 league from Kebec. This is supported by Monsieur le Marquis de Gamache.
Residence of Conception at Trois Rivieres (Three Rivers)
Residence of Saint Joseph at Ihonatiria among the Huron (Wendat).
Their desire is to open a second residence this year among the Huron but at a different location.
Most Frenchmen were committed to the idea of having marriages that they considered to be valid by their own customs, and those who could afford to make the trip to a local priest generally had their marriages consecrated within the church. However, they could only receive clerical sanction of they married Indian women who had converted to Catholicism and received the sacraments. This and the continual shortage of clergy in the upper country would make this type of marriage uncommon.
The Jesuits send the second barbarian (savage) girl to France for education hopefully to discourage country marriages. They open a school at Quebec for Indian and French children.
The winter of 1634/1635 scurvy visited the Trois Rivieres settlement.
(I)-Rene Brisson b-1635, married (II)-Anne Vesinat (1651-1687) daughter (I)-Jacques Vesinat (Votmine) and Marie Bourdon. (I)-Rene Brison could be son Rene Risson of 1619?
(I)-Georges d’Eudemare arrived Kebec this year and is still in Kebec in 1645.
(I)-Robert Drouin (1607-1685), arrived Kebec 1635 married 1st July 12, 1837, Kebec, Anne Cloutier; see 1634
(I)-Gilles Nicolet arrived Kebec this year and returned to France 1657.
(I)-Francois Petit Pre a Jesuit engage is at Trois Rivieres this year
(I)-Nicolas Marsolet de Saint-Aignan (1587-1677) arrived Kebec having spent (1608-1677) as chief interpreter at Tadoussac, (Quebec). He would spend 1635 to 1677 in Kebec and 2nd married 1636 Marie Lebarbier, b-1620, epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec Denis Lemagire. No mention is made of his first wife in Tadoussac or his Metis children. He did however frequently visit them looking after their welfare.
(I)-Andre de Malapart (Malapart) is in Trois Rivieres this year and is made commandant in 1639.
The mission Trois Rivieres de la Province de Kebec is established this year.
(I)-Andre Malapert is at Trois Rivieres this year. He was still here in 1649.
Birth (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1690) son (I)-Nicolas Pelletier and (I)-Jeanne Du Roussy (1614/1622-1689); married April 1660 Tadoussac, (Quebec) Dorthee sauvagesse (1613-1661), Dorthee died L’Hopital de Quebec.
(I)-St. Jean arrived Kebec in 1635 or earlier.
The Huron People noticed that, with the arrival of the Jesuits, an unknown epidemic struck the villages.
Some Jesuits would prefer that New France remain lightly populated with Frenchmen, as they would be easier to control than a multitude. Immigration will decrease the peace, happiness and good feelings, but France needs an outlet for the multitude of workmen who lack employment. It is noteworthy that France has established a three level class system in New France:
The lowest paid people (engages) are the soldiers, ploughmen, diggers and pit men.
The middle class are tradesmen, masons, carpenters, nail smiths, ironmongers, wet coopers and bakers.
The highest paid are sailors, gunners and masters.
The New France engages are normally indentured for 3-5 years, then offered an opportunity to become colonists or return to France. Most would choose to return to France. After six years of service, one could aspire to become a master and thereby hold shop and train apprentices. The future reality, however, is that the system is designed so that 90% of the people remained as commoners, while only 10% can aspire to middleclass and none to nobility. 80% of New France will be farmers while 20% will be administrators, merchants, religious, soldiers, craftsmen and travelers. This system would encourage young men to become coureur de boise.
The Jesuit have six residences in New France, compared to three French settlements. The residences are; Sainte Anne at Capr Breton; Saint Charles at Miskou; Nostre Dame de Recouvrance near Fort Kebec, Nostre Dame des Anges, a half league from Kebec; Conception at Trois Rivieres; Saint Joseph Ihonatria in Huron Country. All residences are maintained by the Gentlemen of the Company of New France.
(I)-Marc Antoine Brasdefer de Chateaufort (Chasteau-fort) assumed command of Kebec on December 25, 1635 until June 11, 1636, but the effective leadership of New France passed to the Religious Order; in particular- the Jesuit. Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), of France ensured their religious control. One of their first steps was to prevent the French traders from living on Wendat (Huron) lands. Their intent was to control the trade by becoming middlemen as translators. Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), Governor (1672-82 & 1689-98), the Huguenot, would later denounce the Jesuit for not making the Natives adopt the dress and manners of the French, for keeping them isolated and for teaching them in their own language. He and others suggested that the Church’s motivation is economic control of the fur trade rather than spiritual control.
The Commandant at Trois Rivieres, (Quebec) is Marc-Antoine de Bras de Fer, Sieur de Chasteaufort, a Lieutenant who was made acting Governor of New France. The Jesuit had their doubts about the new acting Governor and requested his replacement. New France is controlled by Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), so his removal is inevitable.
A colony is established at Fort Amsterdam on Manhttes Island, (Manhattan Island), New Holland officially dated to1625. Actually Peter Minuit created a deed with the Manahatta Indians in 1626 thus ensuring legal possession of Manhattan. Others date the colony to 1609 when the Dutch ship captained by Henry Hudson landed New York Bay.
At Kebec 7 men harvested 8 puncheons wheat, 2 puncheons peas, 3 puncheons Indian corn, while also making hay, and other work.
(I)-Isaac de Razilly (1587-1636) (some suggest he died 1635) sent a vessel to Penobscot, (Maine) under command of (I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) to take the English trading house and to fortify this location. The settlers were told to remove themselves to below 40 degrees which is the end of French territory. The English hired Mr Girling for a payment of 200 £ to attack and take Fort Penobscot, (Acadia, New France) with his 25 man crew. He expended all his powder and failed to dislodge the 18 French defending their position so he withdrew.
The French abandoned their Fort La Have and moved the inhabitants to Port Royal, Acadia. This effectively changed the Capital of Acadia from La Have to Port Royal. Those settlers who had married Micmac women remained at La Have, Acadia.
(I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny, d-1651, Governor of Canada (1635-1648) ordered the building of the Jesuit College, Kebec
January: Kebec (I)-Pierre Delaunay, b-1616 is in Kebec as agent of the Hundred Associates, he married 1645, Kebec, (II)-Francoise Pinguet, d-1661. He was killed by the Iroquois in November 28, 1654. The savages had complained he was charging exorbitant prices.
January 6: Kebec, a savage girl b-1625 is baptised and is living with a French family.
January 15: (II)-Charles de La Tour (1593-1666) is granted land at the mouth of the St. John River, (Acadia, New Brunswick), where he built a trading post called Fort La Tour.
January 16: Kebec, birth (II)-Guillaume Couillard, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684);
February 18: Trois Riviers baptism Anne 8iperig8e 8a8akhi b-1600 a savagesse of Tadoussac, god father is Mr. de la Violette Governor Trois Riviers
January 27: The Algonquian arrived Trois Rivieres (Quebec) to show the French how to ice fish, thereby avoiding starvation, a secret not known to the Montagnas.
February 2: Kebec, a little savage girl who was sent to France for education is returned with smallpox, is baptised and died.
February 6: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Jean Guiot Le Negrier of Normandie.
March 6: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Pierre Drouet, a carpenter.
March 29: (I)-Francois Petit Pre a Jesuit engage is with the Huron Nation having escaped from the Hiroquois last year.
April 7: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Michel sonet.
April 10: (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, born April 10, 1635, Kebec, died April 25, 1699, Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’ecossais, (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis b-1611?); married January 21, 1648, Jean Cloutier..
April 22: William Alexander, now Earl of Stieling, was given a new land grant in Canada by King Charles I.
May 25: A canoe arrived Kebec to say a French ship was at Tadoussac (Island of Bic) and 5-6 more are on their way. They are determined to attack all those found in the river without commission.
June: Kebec was in panic, all month, as all the men were away trading when they expected a Hiroquois (Iroquois) attack at any moment.
July: Kebec, chevalier de la Roche Jacquelin led 4 ships, one captained by Bontemps, Pierre de Nesle and Castillon.
July 4: A shallop arrived Kebec advising 8 ships arrived, 6 for Tadoussac, 2 for Miscou and 1 for Cape Breton.
July 12: The ship Saint Jacques cast anchor before Kebec.
July 18: Quebec, birth, (II)-Robert Langlois, Algonquin Metis, died June 19, 1654, Kabec, son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), Algonquin Metis, born Hochelaga (Montreal) area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec.
July 22: The French held an assembly at Kebec using interpreters between the French and Huron. The French were ceremonious, greatly offending the Savages, by demanding that the alliance is only possible if the Huron abandon their religion and culture and adopt the French beliefs and worship. The promised to marry the the Savages when they become Christians. This was a change from the Champlain agreement. They promised great trading advantages and would teach the People to make metal goods like hatchets and knives. The People learned that the French will promise anything to achieve their ends and don’t intend to deliver on their promises. The conclusion of the assembly did not end with an agreement as the Huron had no intention of honoring the demands. The Jesuit said their objective is to make the Savages sedentary and docile to French direction.
August 1: Trois Riviers, Father Buteux is at Trois Rivieres with some Montaignais savages hoping to make them sedentary and plant corn.
August 17: This season’s ships brought more Jesuits: Father Pierre Pijart (1608-1676), Father Claude Quentin (1597-1676), Father Le Mercier (1604-1690) and Father Jean de Quen (1603-1659), as well as lay brothers Pierre Le Tellier and Pierre Featue. It is reported that Turkish ships are pirating ships bound for the New World. The Jesuit record the waves of the sea, with hundreds of encounters with Turks, icebergs, reefs, and horrible storms mark our crossing upon leaving the English Channel, the Turks pursued us for 24 hours.
August 28: Fifteen Jesuit reside in New France and four brothers.
September 9: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, married Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis who died from a fall September 11, 1654: 2nd marriage August 21, 1655, Quebec, Anne Gasnier b-1614, died June 27, 1698, Quebec, veuve Jean Clement DuVault, seigneur de Monceaux, chevalier de St. Louis.
October 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Louis Cote, Metis, d-1699 son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married November 6, 1662, Quebec. Elizabeth Langlois.
November 17: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 to (II)-Anne Martin, Metis died December 4, 1684, Kebec, daughter (I)-Abraham Martin (1589-1664) and savage and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611, see 1624.
November 20: Kebec, marriage (I)-Martin Grovel to (II)-Marguerite Auber daughter (I)-Francois Auber (leader of a boat) and Anne Fauconner, died November 30, 1676, L’Ange Gardien, eglise: Marguerite epouse September 26, 1661, Quebec, Michel Filion. It’s interesting she is not on the 1635 list women in Kebec? Possible Metis not living Kebec?? see 1619 Felix Aubert?
December: Kebec, The savages inquired why thy Great King does not forbid them (Frenchmen) from bringing over these drinks that kill us. The Jesuit answered that the (civilized) Frenchmen needed them upon the sea and in the intense cold of this country.
December 9: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Jean Nicolet of Belleborne (1598-1642) is at Trois Riviers this date.
December 22: Monsieur de Malapart is at Trois Riviers involved in a baptism.
December 25: Kebec, death (I)-Samuel Champlain, b-1567, died December 25, 1635, Kebec son Antoine Champlain and Marguerite: married to Helene Boulle, died December 20, 1654
December 25: Stricken with a paralytic stroke, (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), Lieutenant of Fort Kebec, died on Christmas day, one hundred years after the discovery of Hochelaga. He left no known relatives. Some historians believe he suffered from senility, as he dictated a will leaving his possessions to the Virgin Mary. Dates of his death vary from 1635 to 1637. Some believe his grave is in Mountain Hill cemetery which adjoins the Chapel of Notre Dame de la Recouvrance. It is noteworthy that Champlain had crossed the ocean more than 20 times to support his colony in New France.
December 25: New France is effectively controlled by the Jesuits under the direct control of Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessie duc de Richelieu (1585-1642). The Jesuits were given a monopoly over New France. (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) Superior of the Jesuits in New France is also authorized to be Governor of New France in case of extraordinary events. He likely appointed (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort Commandant of Trois Rivieres as acting Governor. In fact the Jesuit had drawn up secret papers assigning him Governorship in the event of Champlain’s death.
(I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort assumed command at Kebec after the death of Champlain. He was General in command at Trois Rivieres.
December 27: Monsieur Maupertus is at Trois Rivieres involved in a baptism.
December 29: A notice is posted on the pillar in front of the Kebec Church listing prohibitions, with certain penalties against blasphemy, drunkenness, failing to attend mass and divine services on holidays.
1636
One marriage, six births and seventeen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. It is noteworthy that Arnault’s marriage is not acknowledged.
(II)-Jeanne Crevier Metis b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married July 9, 1652 Quebec (II)-Pierre Boucher, Metis (1622-1717) Governor Trois Riviers son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicole Lemaine (Lemoine)
(I)-Jean Rousseau de Paris, d-1743, killed by a discharge of a gun, arrived Kebec 1636 then relocated to Trois Rivieres.
Most likely Trois Riveries, birth (II)-Peter Esprit Radisson et Chonards, Metis, (1636-1710) son (I)-Sebastien Hayet de St Malo dit Radisson and unknown Metis or savage mother. Some suggest he was born 1640 but (II)-Peter himself claims 1636 as his birth year. He is known as a half brother to (II)-Marguerite Radisson, b-1632 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet de St Malo dit Radisson and Madeleine Herault. (II)-Peter claims his ‘natural parents’ are alive and well in Trois Rieieres in 1654, as are his brother and his brothers wife and children. (see Radisson 1631)
Six women and some children relocated from Tadoussac to Kebec this year. These likely include Metis or Savages with Metis children.
The Jesuits has caused much hostile criticism in France of their involvement in the peltries (Fur Trade).
The Jesuits said the barbarians prefer Trois Rivieres to trade than Kebec.
The Jesuit’s say the barbarians at Trois Rivieres do not usually harm women or children. Indeed, many a young man will not hesitate to marry a prisoner and she obtains full tribal status.
(I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) aka “The Little King of Tadoussac” has been in Canada since 1608 spending most of his time at Tadoussac married for the fourth time to Marie La Barbide, b-1619 epouse May 8, 1681, Kebec, Denis Lemaitre. His first three wives were at Tadoussac and likely relocated to Kebec. Marsolet was not subordinate to Champlain and it is presumed he still reported directly to France.
The Jesuits receive a few little native girls at Trois Riviers to educate in the French manner, who they expect to become wives of Frenchmen. These girls are sent to France for an education, usually adoption by a French family and returned to New France for marriage to a Frenchman. One unnamed Iroquois girl who was sent this year to Paris, France returned only to die of smallpox in 1640 in Quebec, she had acquired the French names of Anne Therese but her last name was not recorded..
(I)-Francois de re de Gand is given a small savage girl who he housed with Sieur Hebout’s. She is likely destined to be his wife?
Two or three little savage girls from Kebec are sent to France in care of the Hospital nuns for education and marriage to Frenchmen in New France.
One young savage girl could easily pass for a well-born French girl but her father will not allow her being sent to France for education.
An Algonkin woman is sent to France for education and to return to become a wife to a Frenchman. These women/girls are often taken in by French families and assume the family name. The Savages prefer Trois Rivieres over Kabec and another savage girl is given to the Jesuits who name her Marie. It would appear that 20-30 little girls are available for education in the manner of the French.
(I)-Martin Appendestiguy de Martiigon, France married (III)-Jeanne de Saint-Etienne La Tour, Metis daughter (II)-Charles de Saint-Etienne La Tour (1595-1665).
(II)-Marie Archambault, (Metis?), baptised, 1636, daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married September 28, 1648, Quebec Urbain Tessier. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
(I)-Antoine Arnault, a carpenter married 1636, Kebec Madeleine savage.
(I)-Francois Belanger (1612-1685), arrived Kebec, 1636, married July 12, 1637, Kebec (II)-Marie Madeleine du Buisson Guyon (1623-1696) daughter (I)-Jean Guyon, (1592-1663) and Mathurine Robin, d-1662
Monsieur de Castillon is at Trois Rivieres this year.
Monsieur de Courpon is at Trois Rivieres this year.
(I)-Nicolas Courson, surgeon, is at Trois Rivieres
(I)-Guillaume Du Plessis, died November 11, 1651 arrived Trois Rivieres as Governor.
Monsieur (I)-Francois de Gand is at Trois Rivieres this year.
Sieur (I)-Guillaume Hubou (Hebout), d-1653 who married the widow Marie Rollet d-1649 of Monsieur Hebert takes in a savage girl for education and marriage to a Frenchman at Trois Rivieres.
(I)-Jacques Le Neuf de la Poterie, b-1606 arrived Kebec 1636 with (II)-Pierre Le Gardeur De Repentigny, d-1675, (married Marie Favery d-1675 l’eglis of Quebec) whose sister (II)-Marguerite L Gardeur, b-1608 was his wife; He was made Governor in 1665. Governor (1645-1648), (1650-1651), (1652-1653) and (1658-1662). This family is confusing it appears he and his brother were here in 1634 and Marguerite was here in 1635? If this be true then (II)-Marguerite L Gardeur, b-1608 is actually Margaret Favery l’eglise of Quebec. Le Neuf has a son born 1640 Trois Rivieres, a daughter born 1640 no location recorded and a daughter b-1632 no location given. I highly suspect the Le Neuf brothers and Le Gardeur may be married to Metis or savagees?
Monsieur de Lisle (L’Isle) is at Trois Rivieres this year.
(I)-Nicolas Marsole(Marsollet) (1587-1677) the Little King of Tadoussac (1608-1635) upon hearing of the death of (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) departed Tadoussac for Quebec where he spent his remaining years. Some suggest he arrived Kebec 1635. This year he married 4th (I)-Marie Le Bardier (1620-1688), likely a savage or Metis. He had three savage girls previously by country style. He was a 50 year old man who married a 16 year old girl and they had 10 children. After his death Marie married 1680 Quebec, Denis Gabriel. It is noteworthy that there is no mention of his Montagnais Metis children fathered over the 27 years that he lived among them. He did however visit Tadoussac frequently over his life time. He went over to the English during the occupation.
(I)-Nicolas Peltier dit Marolles (1596-1679), (some suggest this marriage took place April 5, Kebec this year, his wife Jeanne de Voisy (Roussey) Indian/Metis (1612-1622-1689) and some suggest his sons (II)-Jean Peltier (1633-1692) (1) and (II)-Francois Peltier (1635-1688) (2) arrived Kabec this year. Some say he also married (2nd?) Madeleine Tegochix aka Tegoussi, Montagnaise, veuve d’auguste sauvage (*) and 3rd marriage June 3, 1677, Tadoussac, Francoise Ouechipichinokoue, Algonquin. It is highly likely Jeanne de Voisy (Roussey) (1612 or 1622-1689) is an Indian or Metis girl. (2) How can Francois arrive before he is born? (1) Also Tanguay positions Jean birth between 1646-1649? (*) this was the wife of Nicolas Jr. and no record of a third marriage, this appear unlikely if anything it was a first wife at Tadoussac.. (Doc Lussier suggests Jeanne Roussey is Micmac from Porty Royal)
(II)-Francois Peltier Metis (1635-1688) married Dorthee La Sauvagees who died April 13, 1661 Quebec; 2nd marriage September 26, 1661 Quebec Marguerite Mousseau.
(II)-Marie Peltier Metis born April 5, 1637 Kebec 1st married October 17, 1750 Quebec Nicolas Goupil; 2nd marriage August 30, 1655 Jean Denis
(II)-Louise Peltier Metis born May 10, 1640 Kebec, died November 9, 1713 Quebec, married November 17, 1653 Quebec Jean IIayot
(II)-Francoise Peltier Metis born April 13, 1642, Kebec, died July 17, 1707 Ste. Foye, 1st married August 17, 1654 Quebec Jean Beriau; 2nd marriage October 11, 1655 Quebec Sebasten Lienard
(II)-Jeanne Peltier Metis born March 19, 1644 married January 29, 1659 Quebec Noel Jeremie
(II)-Genevieve Peltier Metis born April 6, 1646 Kebec, died December 17, 1717 Quebec, 1st married November 5, 1663 Quebec Vincent Verdon; 2nd married Thomas Lefebcre.
(II)-Jean Piltier Metis died November 2, 1692 married August 21, 1662 Quebec Marie Genevieve Manevely de Rainville
(II)-Nicolas Piltier Jr. Metis born May 2, 1649 Sillery 1st married June 22, 1673 Madeleine Tegoussi; 2rd marriage Francoise Lamy.
Monsieur de la Poterie is recorded in Kebec this year.
(I)-Claude Poulin (1615-1687) arrived 1636 Kebec, married August 8, 1639, Kebec Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687).
(I)-Jean Rousseau who died 1643, killed by discharge of a gun, is at Trois Rivieres this year.
Issac Presseley arrived Acadia.
Monsieur de Repentigay is recorded in Kebec this year.
(II)-Jeanne Trahan likely daughter (I)-Guillaume Trahan, arrived Acadia and married Acadia (I)-Jacques Bourgeous who arrived Acadia 1641.
Sieur (I)-Oliver le Tardif (1601-1665) who married November 3, 1637 (II)-Louise Couillard d-1641 took in another savage girl for education and marriage to a Frenchman at Trois Rivieres.
Sieur de la Treille is at Trois Rivieres this year.
The mission (first Indian reservation) Sillery de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
De Lisle (L’Isle), a chevalier of the Knights of Malta is posted to Trois Rivieres (Quebec) 1636-1641.
The 7th Congregation of the Society of Jesus (Jesuit) forbids all kinds of commerce and business, under any pretext, whatever. The Canadian Jesuit argued that peltry is the coin of this country and the Jesuit continue to be involved in the trade. They are also becoming the largest land owner in the country.
Warfare, between the Savages, at this time, consists of small ambushes, one side against the other, in retaliation of some previous killing. It is true the Barbarians do not usually harm the women or children, except in sudden attacks. Many young men will not hesitate to marry a prisoner.
(I)-Guillaume Herbout (Hubou) who married 1629 (I)-Marie Rollet, the widow of (I)-Louis Herbert, the first resident of Kebec, houses a little Savage girl named Marie Oliver Sylvestre, b-1626 daughter Roch Manitouabewich and Huron wife. Oliver Letardif keep another. (This is the same girl that Tardif adopted from his good friend Roch and placed with the Hubou’s for education). These little Savage girls dress in the French fashion and will eventually marry November 3, 1644, Kebec, a Frenchman named (I)-Martin Prevest (1611-1691). Some Savage girls, are being sent to Old France for education and then returned. The French have not yet allied with the Tadoussac Savages by any marriage, (this however is not true). The Captain (savage) of Tadoussac said ” When your young men return from war after the massacre of our enemies, they will not have any trouble in obtaining our girls in marriage.” “As to children one does not see anything else but little savages in the houses of the French.” The Metis children would be considered as savage. “There are little boys there and little girls, what more do you want.” ” You are continually asking for our children, next you will be asking for our wives.: You continually ask for our children, and do not give yours.
Complaints were coming from Old France of how few baptisms were being performed in New France. The Jesuit are well aware that funding of their enterprise is dependent upon the good will of their patrons in Old France. As a result the Jesuit began to baptize, in secret, against the wishes of parents. Hereafter results would drive baptism rather than good judgment. This appears to be a fundamental turning point in the relationship of Europeans to the Native People.
Francois Oliver, a Savage is baptized at Kebec attended by Oliver, Clark, an interpreter and Madame Hebout. The Jesuit say baptism prevents death by sorceries.
Immigrants, of little means, to New France are expected to be indentured for five to six years. They should possess, in their own right, one-half of all land they clear after indenture is completed. Most, however, would return to France or become Coureurs des Bois before their terms had expired. One or two years of labor without wages should cover their board and tools.
Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) estimated that the Huron (Wendat) Nation numbered about 30,000 people in twenty towns. About 20,000 people would be killed over the next four years by disease and war.
The Island of Mont Real is still being used as a temporary camp and the Savages called the place ‘The Island Where There Was a Village’. The Savages like Trois Rivieres better than Kebec, they stop there oftener, and in greater numbers.
Governor (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), a.k.a Onontio, Governor New France from June 11, 1636 to August 20, 1648, went out of his way to pacify the Jesuits, fully understanding they controlled the position. (I)-Marc-Antoine Brasdefer, Sieur de Chasteaufort, becomes Governor Trois Rivieres, (Quebec). Influenza hit the colony and the Indians, this and next year. Father (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664), a Jesuit, wrote that there are mines of iron, copper and other metals discovered that will soon be worked. The Jesuit Father (I)-Pierre Chastellaine (1606-1684), Father (I)-Charles Garnier (1605-1649), Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646), Father (I)-Nicolas Adam (1588-1659), Father (I)-Paul Ragueneau, Father (I)-George Alexander d’Eudemare and brothers (I)-Ambroise Cauvet and (I)-Louis Gaubert arrived in New France. Monsieur (I)-Pierre Le Gardeur de Repentigny from Thury Normandy, arrived with his wife and four children as well as his brother and sister. He is a lieutenant of the Governor of New France. Monsieur (I)-Jacques Le Neuf de la Poterie b-1606 from Caen in Normandy, came with his wife (II)-Marguerite La Gardeur aka Favery l’eglise) b-1608 who was in Kebec in 1635? and daughter Marie b-1632, his brother (I)-Michel and two sisters and their families. (I)-Michel Le Neuf du Herisson is the head of the family. This appears to be speculation rather than fact.
The Governor of New France ordered that the Chateau Saint Louis at Kebec be rebuilt in brick and stone. (I)-Jean Bourdon (1601-1668), an engineer, is to draw up plans for the town.
Peltry is the coin of New France, and a 25% markup exists between Fort Kebec and France to cover the risk they run upon the sea, especially from pirates..
The Colony of Ville-Marie (Montreal) aka Hochelaga was a religious enterprise conceived in 1636 by Jerome Le Royer de la Dauversiere, Receiver of Taxes at la Fleche, in Anjou; and Father Jean Jacques Olier de Vemeuil, a young Sulpician priest of Paris.
Every year more come to cast themselves into the forests as if into the bosom of peace, to live here with more piety, more immunity and more liberty. The are leaving the exactions, deceits, thefts, rapes, assassinations, treachery, enmity, black malice that only visits Kebec once a year in the letters and gazettes which people bring from the Old France. The families of Monsieur de Repentigny, and Monsieur de la Poterie have recently joined the colony and word is that more settlers have arrived at Tadiussac, (Quebec). Kebec however has no room for those who cannot work.
The following questions were raised in Old France:
* Concern was express, because of the recent incursion of England into New France, if the Spanish were in a position to make incursions into New France?
* Is enough land cleared, ploughed and will it support the inhabitants. Sieur Giffard has been clearing land for two years and hopes to raise enough wheat to feed 20 people.
* How much can be cleared and at what cost. Twenty men can clear 30 arpents of land. The usual task is 1 1/2 arpents per man. The cost per man is 2 loves bread or 6-7 lbs, a week, a puncheon of wheat a year, 2 lbs lard, 2 oz butter, a little measure oil and of vinegar, a little dried codfish, that is, about a pound, a bowlful peas, a chopine (pint) all this for one week. A chopine of cider per day, or a quart of beer and occasionally a drink of wine, in the winter they are given a drop of brandy in the morning. The men also augment this by hunting and fishing.
* What is required. We have oxen and cows but horses would be helpful but no hurry to bring them over. We have cod fish at out door but eat cod from France because we have no men to fish. Porpoises and white whales swim in front of Fort Kebec but we lack men to capture them.
The Basques are still harvesting whales at Tadoussac, (Quebec) and further up stream.
A vessel arrived La Heve with an additional 78 passangers including (I)-Jeanne Motin, who immediately married (I)-Charles d’Aulnay who succeded (I)-Issac de Razilly.
The French ship Saint Jehan landed LaHave, Acadia with the first French women for that settlement. Eighty five men and 11 women arrived that date. It is noteworthy that (II)-Charles La Tour (1594-1666) arrived Port Royal, Acadia in 1630 with his wife Louise Indian. Some contend the first Acadian child is born, Mathieu Martin ((1636-1724), he died, unmarried. This is highly unlikely given the French were in Acadia in the early 1500′s.
After 40 years scarcely a family is added to Acadia. (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Charnisay (1604-1650) took possession of Port Royal and erected a new fort and brought his people from La Heve, Acadia. (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) held his fort at the mouth of the St. John River (Acadia) and his father (I)-Claude La Tour (1570-1736+) held Fort La Tour (Acadia)
The third Kebec fort was constructed in 1636 by Governor Charles Huault de Montmagny, who covered the second fort’s earthen ramparts with stonework. Construction lasted 24 years, finishing in 1660.
At this time in New France we see trees bearing apples, pear, plum, cherry and other wild fruit. Vines are loaded with grapes which is being turned into wine. Oxen, cows and asses are evident but no horses can be found.
The Jesuits are absolutely forbid all kinds of commerce and business, under any pretext whatever.
January: Kebec, (I)-Robert Giffard de Moncel (1587-1668), with 7 men has been clearing the land for 2 years now. The usual task is an arpent and a half per year per man.
January 1: Kebec (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort issued his first edict as Governor New France: Forbidding blasphemy, drunkenness and absence from church service. This was likely a condition of him being appointed as Governor.
January 6: Kebec, (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort condemned a drunkard and blasphemer to the pillory.
January 7: Sieur de Chesne, a surgeon is at Trois Rivieres.
January 7: (I)-Jean Nicolet of Belleborne (1598-1642) is at Trois Riviers this date.
January 7: Sieur de Launay is at Trois Rivieres this date.
January 22: Kebec, A frenchman was fined 50 livres for making a savage drunk.
January 25: It was not uncommon for the French to surname baptized Savages with a French name, thereby losing their cultural identity. A Savage was so named today as Paul Le Cadet (1619-1636).
January 15: Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny de St. Jean de Jerusalem, soldier (1583-1653), governor (1636-48), Knight of Malta, is appointed the first Governor of New France before the death of Champlain was known in France.
January 15: Jacques Castillon was granted the Isle d’Orleans (Quebec). He did not develop it and it was given to the Jesuits in 1662.
January 15: Antoine Cheffault is granted the seigniory of Cote de Beaupre.
February 18: Kebec Sieur (I)-Oliver le Tardif (1601-1665) the interpreter and Madame Hebout agreed to be god parents to a savage baptism who was named Francois Oliver.
March 10: France, (I)-Charles Hualt de Montmaguy is officially appointed Governor New France. Others as early as January 15, 1636 knew of his pending appointment.
March 17: A young un-named Frenchman, who can read and write, wintered with the savages, his brother is at Trois Rivieres this year. He sent a letter on a piece of bark to Trois Rieieres to inform the Jesuits a little boy was sick and dying, so he baptized him.
April 1: The St. Jehan arrives in Port-Royal, Acadia with French settlers, that includes both men and women.
April 1: When this document was discovered in the Paris, France Archives this was the first known passenger list to be found [and perhaps the only list] of the French who had sailed from LaRochelle, France to Acadia. No other lists has been found. Not all on the list remained in Acadia. It is believed some may have returned to France. Whatever the case may be, their names do not show up in later enumerations of Acadia so they did not become permanent residents of Acadie.
Nicollas LeCreux (Dubreuil), with Anne Motin (de Reux), his wife
Claude Motin, her brother,
Jehan Motin, also her brother,
Jehanne Motin, her sister,
Jacqueline de Glaisnée, their cousin
Jehanne Billard with their group
The following names are those of laborers who traveled with said Le Creux.
Firstly:
Jehan Chalumeau, laborer and his and wife
George Migot, from Dijon, laborer
Jehan Hyechtier, from Dijon, laborer
Simon Merllin, from Dijon, laborer
Jehan Pericaud from Dijon, log splitter
Jehan Guiot from Dijon, Laborer
Nicollas Bayolle, from Dijon
Isaac Pesselin from Champage
Hilaire Bicau from Champagne
Jehan Donno, native of Angers, master mill carpenter usually living in Paris
Roch Roche, also a carpenter, from Paris
Martin Le Doux, also a carpenter, from Paris
List of Anjou peasants who sailed on the Saint-Jehan to work in New France.
Firstly:
Tibault Destouches, with his wife and three children, laborer from the parish of Bourgueilavec near Chinon
Pierre Martin, laborer with his wife and one child, from Bourgueil
Jehan Mangoneau, laborer with his wife and one child also from Bourgueil
Pierre Choiseau, laborer with his wife and two children, also from Bourgueil
Widow Perigault with Michel and Julien Perigault, her children, also from Bourgueil, laborers
Hadrien Benoiston, laborer, also from Bourgueil
[Omitted], laborer, also from Bourgueil
Julien Aury, laborer, also from Bourgueil
Pierre Le Moine, laborer, also from Bourgueil
Nouel Tranchant, laborer, also from Bourgueil
Guillaume Trahan, officer of the cavalry, with his wife and two children and a servant, also from Bourgueil
Louis Deniau, from the city of Chinon, a cooper
Philippe Rat, from the city of Chinon, tailor
Daniel Chichereau, from the city of Chinon, tailor
Jehan Danjon, from the city of Chinon, laborer
Michel Callant, from the city of Chinon, laborer
Jehan Vache, from the city of Chinon, cobbler
Louis Blanchard, from La Rochelle, wine maker
Pierre Paquis, master gunsmith and locksmith
Aimé Diot, laborer from Paris
André Braconneau, laborer from Paris
François Guion, from La Rochelle, master baker
Gilles Tionne, master gardener from Paris
List of carpenters who went to build ships and boats in New France.
Firstly:
Jouannis Daprandestiguy, Basque, master
Jehan Debourgonare, also a Basque carpenter
Jouanis Dahausquin, also a Basque carpenter
Jehan De La Faye, also a Basque carpenter
Bernard Bugare, also a Basque carpenter
Jouanis Lavare, also a Basque carpenter
Bernard Tegarnous, also a Basque carpenter
Jouanis Destiquau, also a Basque carpenter
Abraham Dostique, also a Basque carpenter
Saint-Martin dit Gascon, to be a sailor
François Leteller dit Labrande, from La Tremblade, also a sailor
René Arquange, from La Rochelle, also a sailor.
List of salt workers who went to work in the marshlands in New France.
Firstly:
Jehan Sandre, with his wife, master salt worker or seller
Pierre Gabory, also a salt worker, from La Rochelle
Jehan Pronost, also a salt worker, from the islands
François Baudry, also a salt worker
Pierre Prault, also a salt worker
List of sailors who were part of the crew of the Saint-Jehan
Firstly:
Pierre Sauvic, master of said ship, from d’Auray river
Martin Lebagous, sailor, from d’Auray river
Jehan Margar, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Jacques De Lamer, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Marc De La Mer, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Jehan Piluesrie, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Guillaume Bellego, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Etienne Le Rouzic, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Allen Malloin, also a sailor, from d’Auray river
Domingo Basque, from Bayonne, also a sailor
Jouanis Basque, also a sailor, from Bayonne
Bertholome Demairon, also a sailor, from Bayonne
Jehan Roou, carpenter from St-Malo
Pierre Moysieau, master gunner from La Rochelle
Jehan Guiot, master valler from d’Auray river
Bonaventure Guibermin, “garçon” from Morbien
Henry Quinper, “garçon” from Brittany
Petiolle Périn,”garçon” from d’Auray river
(signature) N. Denys
Nicolas Denys
April 17: Trois Riviers baptism Mary a savagesse of Tadoussac born 1622/1623, god father is Mr. de la Violette Governor Trois Riviers. It is noteworthy that Mr. de la Violette Governor Trois Riviers was reported to have departed this date for France. This hardly seems likely?.
April 24: Kebec, (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy de Linclot (1608-1681) is a god parent to Madaelaine Savage. This is likely (II)-Madeline Hayet dit Radisson, b-1632 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Radisson and Madeleine Heraut. She is found living at the home of (I)-Jean in November 25, 1646, likely as a servant girl.
May 21: (I)- Francois Derre de Gand on route to Trois Rivieres gave the name Joseph (Miskouaseroutin) savage to a boy age 15
June: Kebec, the Norman family of (I)-Rene Le Gardeur, sieur de Tilly, married to Catherine de Corde, d-1657 arrived with two sons and a daughter, arrived in the same ship as (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), Governor New France
(II)-Pierre La Gardeur, b-France, d-1648, married Marie Favery, d-1675
(II)-Charles Le Gardeur, b-1611, France, died November 10, 1695 Quebec, married October 1, 1648 Kebec, (II)-Genevieve Juchereau Le Gardeur, b- France, d-1687
(II)-Marguerite Le Gardeur, aka Favery l’eglise, b-1608, married 1639 (I)-Jacques Le Neuf de la Poterie b-1606 (II)-Pierre Le Gardeur arrived with his wife Marie Favery d-1675 l’eblise (sister of (II)-Marguerite Le Gardeur, aka Favery l’eglise, b-1608,) of two daughters and one son:
(III)-Marie Madeleine Le Gardeur, married October 3, 1646, Kebec, (I)-Jean Paul Godefroy (Godfroy
(III)-Catherine Le Gardeur, married September 16, 1652, Quebec, Charles Daillebout
(III)-Jean Baptiste Le Gardeur, b-1632, married July 11, 1656, Quebec, Marguerite Nicolet
(III)-Charles Le Gardeur born March 17, 1637 Kebec married January 18, 1663 Marie MaCard; 2nd marriage December 22, 1669, Jeanne De Matras
(III)-Ignace Le Gardeur born January 29, 1639,Kebec, died June 5, 1644, Kebec
(III)-Ognace Le Gardeur b-1648
(III)-Godfroy Marie Charles b-1652.
June: Kebec, the Norman family of (I)-Mathieu Michel Le Neuf, (Leneuf) de Herisson (1601-1642), married to Jeanne Le Marchand, arrived with two sons and two daughters, arrived in the same ship as (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), Governor New France: Michel and brother Jacques appear to be in Kebec in 1634.
(II)-Marie Le Neuf, married December 15, 1636, Caen, (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy (Godfroy (1608-1681)
(II)-Michel Le Neuf,
(II)-Jacques Le Neuf, married Marguerite De Repentigny
(II)-Anne Le Nuf, married Antoine Desrosiers and settled Trois Rivieres
June 3: Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1636) is killed by the Mohawks at Ossernenon near Auries, New York.
June 11: A resident of Fort Kebec is pilloried in the market place for the crime of blasphemy. Pilloried = punish by placing in a wooden frame; and subject to criticism and ridicule
June 11: Kebec, Three ships arrived led by Duplessis Bochart, captain Savinien Courpon de la Tour and the ship Saint Joseph.
June 11: Kebec, (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), Governor New France, served in this position until August 19, 1648. He took over from (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, (Gras-De-Fer) sieur de Chasteaufort who had assumed command upon Champlain’s death, last year. He returned to Trois Rieieres to resume as Commandant of that location (1636-1639). Monsieur de la Poterie and 45 colonists arrived the same ship as (I)-Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), Governor New France,.
June 11: (I)-Pierre Chastellain, a Jesuit and (I)-Charles Garnieu, d-1649, Jesuit arrived Kebec.
June 11: (I)-Philippe Amyot aka Amiot, d-1639, arrived Kabec June 11, 1636, married 1626 France Anne Convent (1603-1675), epouse September 26, 1639, Kebec, Jacques Maheu, Two children were born France Jean b-1627 and Mathew b-1628. However Jean is not listed Tanguay and (II)-Jean Amyot (Amiot), also Gencien aka Antaiok, b-1627, an orphan, is sent by the Jesuits to live among the Huron at a young age. This appears strange unless he was adopted?
June 12: Kebec, (I)-Nicolas Adam, Jesuit arrived Kebec and 4 days later suffered a stroke causing paralysis of his hands and feet.
June 15: Kebec, arrival of (I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny, d-1651, the second French Governor of Canada (1635-1648). He was appointed Governor in 1635 before the death of Sieur de Champlain (1570-1635) was known in France.
June 16: Kebec, (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy (Godfroy (1608-1681) attended the baptism and named the savage, b-1635 as Jean Paul.
June 16: (I)-Robert Hache lives with the Jesuits in Trois Rivieres.
June 24: Kebec, the Jesuit record the first celebration of Saint Jean Baptiste Day. It originated about 1 AD in Gaul to celebrate Summer Solstice. Christianity combined the Summer Solstice celebration of June 21 with celebration of John the Baptiste and changed the day to June 24. This French celebration would eventually lose its Christian content and revert to its pagan source.
June 26: Monsieur Chevalier de I’Isle became godfather of Marie Savage.
July 7: Trois Rivieres, Sieur de la Treille as godfather named Marie Savage.
July 8: Trois Rivieres, Monsieur de Repentigny as godfather named Joseph Savage.
July 8: Kebec, Monsieur de Courpon, monsieur Gand, and Monsieur de Castillon are at Kebec.
July 21: (I)-Pierre Chastellain, a Jesuit and (I)-Charles Garnieu, d-1649, Jesuit arrived Trois Rivieres.
July 27: Quebec, contract of marriage, (II)-Anne Cloutier, (1625-1648), daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier (1590-1677) and (I)-Xainte Dupont; at age 10 years entered into a 1st. marriage to (I)-Robert Drouin, (1606-1685) son Robert Drouin and Marie Dubois. The contract states the marriage not to be consummated until Anne age 13. Drouin 2nd marriage November 29, 1649, Quebec, Marie Chapelier, b-1621, veuve de Pierre Petit.
June 28: Monsieur Charles du Plessis Bochart, commandant of the fleet, arrived Kebec. About 100 settlers arrived in this fleet including Father Ragueneau and Brother Louis Gobert.
August: Kebec, Sieur Hebout (Hubou) has taken into his home some savage girls to be brought up Christian and then married to Frenchmen.
August: Kebec, Sieur Oliver Le Tardif has taken into his home one savage girl to be brought up Christian and then married to Frenchmen.
August: Kebec, two or three savage girls are sent to France to be educated and returned to marry Frenchmen.
August: Kebec, Monsieur Grand gave a savage boy to Monsieur de Noyers
August 9: Five ships of the Gentlemen of the Company arrived Kabec.
August 14: Three Rivers: The French are given a young Savage slave girl captured in a Hiroquois war in compensation for three Frenchmen killed. The Slave girl said she is now of their nation, if she is commanded to marry, she would obey, but that no one, except he to whom she has been given, should approach her. She and a number of other girls are sent to France for education and eventual marriage to Frenchmen.
August 16: Kebec, (I)-Guillaume Isabel is granted 24 arpents of land by (I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny, (Montmaguy), d-1651, the Governor.
August 18: (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy (Godfroy (1608-1681), young man beat one of the visiting Huron in a race at Trois Rivieres.
August 19: Quebec, birth, (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis, died August 15, 1687, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, and Francoise Grenier (Garnier), Algonquin Metis, born Hochelaga (Montreal) area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec; Married August 10, 1660 Kebec Francois Miville.
August 26: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Amyot, died December 10, 1669, Kebec, son (I)-Philippe Amyot, and Anne Convent epouse September 26, 1639, Kebec Jacques Maheu; married May 2, 1660, Genevieve De Chavigny.
August 28: Kebec, at present there are 26 Jesuits in New France, 20 priests and 6 lay brothers:
Saint Joseph in the Huron country.
Jean Brebeuf
Francois Mercier
Pierre Pijart
Chastelain
Charles Garnier
Isaac Jogues
Residence of the Conception at Trois Rivieres
Jacques Butex
Charles du Marche
Residence Nostre Dame de Recouvarance at Kebec
Jean de Quen
Paul le Jeune
Residence Nostre Dame Des Anges
Charles Lallemant
Nicolas Adam
Edmond Masse
Anne De Noune
Daniel
Ambroisedavost
Brothers, Gilbert Burel, Pierre le Telier, Jean Liegeois, Pierre Feaute, Ambrose Cauvet, & Louys Gobert
Residence Misku
Claude Quentin
Charles Turgis
Residence Ste Anne at Cap Breton
Daudemare
Andre Richard
August 29: Monsieur Commandant weighted anchor at Fort Kedec bound for France taking three little Savage girls with him. These savages would be adopted by French families, given French names, educated and returned as wives to the colonists.
September 4: The Huron arrived Trois Rivieres (Quebec) stating that Monsieur de Champlain had promised the French and Huron would be one people. They asked for some Jesuit and Frenchmen to come to the Huron country and we will give some Huron.
October 1: Kebec, birth (III)-Joseph Hebert son (II)-Guillaume Hebert d-1639 and Helene Desportes, b-1620, epouse January 9, 1640, Kebec, Noel Morin
November 3: Kebec, birth, (III)-Joseph Hebert, Metis son (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) and Helene Desportes (see 1602): married October 12, 1660, Quebec, DePoitiers.
November 12: Kebec, birth (III)-Ignace Sevestre, died June 24, 1661, Quebec son (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec.
November 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jamen Bourguignon, d-1660 to Claire Morin de N.-D. de Mortagne, au Perche, Normandie, France, epouse July 26, 1662 Quebec, (I)-Jean Martineau dit LaPile, died March 29, 1666, Quebec.
December: A Frenchman is fined 50 francs to be paid in peltries for supplying wine to the savages.
December 1: Trois Rivieres (Quebec) burns but the storehouse was saved, for they said we are lost if that burns. Trois Rivieres is like Anjou, France, it is a sandy country and the fishing is excellent.
December 15: Kebec,or Caen France? marriage (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, (1608-1681) to Marie Le Neuf (1612-1688) daughter (I)-Mathieu Michel Le Neuf (1601-1642) and Jeanne Le Marchand
December 15: Kebec, marriage (I)-Mathieu Michel Leneuf (1601-1642) to Jeanne Le Marchand
December 15: Kebec, date of contract to marriage of (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot (1608-1681) ** married (II)-Marie Le Neuf, (1612-1688) (I)-Mathieu Michel Le Neuf, sieur du Herisson (1601-1642) and Jeanne Le Marchand de Caen
ELEVEN CHILDREN ARE RECORDED
(II)-Michel Godfroy, born October 21, 1637, died May 18, 1709, Quebec, married September 2, 1664, Montreal, Perinne Picote
(II)-Louis Godfroy, born March 20, 1639, married March 1663 Marguerite Seigneuret
(II)-Jacques Godfroy, born March 6, 1641,
(II)-Anonyme Godfroy, bor/died April 25, 1643
(II)-Jeanne Godfroy, born April 11, 1644, died 1669, religious Ursuline
(II)-Joseph Godfroy, born July 20, 1645, married October 21, 1675, Trois Rivieres, Catherine Poulain
* November 25, 1646
(II)-Amator Godfroy, born July 18, 1649, died September 10, 1730, Trois Rivieres, 1st married July 18, 1649, Trois Rivieres, Marguerite Jutrat: 2nd marriage July 22, 1682, Trois Riviers, Francois LePele
(II)-Pierre Godfroy, born January 20, 1651
(II)-Marie Renee Godfroy, born October 19, 1652,died 1736, married May 16, 1677 Quebec, Pierre Boulanger
(II)-Pierre born Godfroy, September 30, 1655,
(II)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy, born April 1, 1658
* (II)-Madeline Hayet dit Radisson, b-1632 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Radisson and Madeleine Heraut. She is found living at the home of (I)-Jean Godfroy on November 25, 1646, likely as a servant girl. She had two half-sisters and one half-brother in New France. She likely resided with this family until her marriage of November 25, 1646. The dowry given her by Godfroy suggests she was a servant or daughter of a servant..
** Is the founder of Trois Rivieres, according to Grace Lee Nute in Ceasars of the Wilderness.
1637
Six marriages, eight births and eight deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(II)-Antoine Arnault, Metis, b-1637, Kebec, son (I)-Antoine Arnault and Madeleine Savage.
(I)-Simon Baron, a Jesuit donnes and self taught surgeon arrived Trois Rivieres.
(I)-Francois Boule established Sillery and married, likely a sauvagesse.
(I)-Chateauneuf? is commandant aux Trois Rivieres; Governor is (I)-Marc Antoine Brasdefer de Chateaufort (1636-1639)
(I)-Nicolas Deny resided in the La Heve region and focused on fishing, fur trade and lumbering.
(I)-Thomas Hayot married Kebec, this year, Jeanne Boucher, one child is recorded (II)-Genevieve Hayot born this year, died March 1, 1651, Quebec, married 1650, Quebec, Claude Dorval, some suggest he was married July 15, 1629, St. Jean, Normandy and arrived Kebec 1638.
(I)-David Kirke alias Kertks (1597-1654) the French Huguenot is awarded Newfoundland for his conquest of New France in 1629. He and his wife (I)-Sara d-1680′s settled there and they had 3 sons.
(I)-Louis Henri Piguet (1588-1670) arrived Kebec with his family before 1637:
His wife Louise Bouche and three children:
(II)-Francoise Piguet d-1661, 1st married November 7, 1645, Kebec Pierre Delaunay: 2nd married February 8, 1655, Quebec, Vincent Poieier.
(II)-Noel Piguet, (1630-1685) married October 15, 1652, Quebec Marie Madeleine Du Mont, b-1636
(II)-Pierre Piguet (1630-1704) married November 4, 1659 Quebec, Anne Lechevalier.
(I)-La Treille is at Trois Rivieres.
Kebec or Tadoussac, birth (II)-Marie Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688) epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married April 30, 1652 Mathieu D’Amours. This is likely the daughter of one of his 1st three wives?
(I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1671) arrived Kebec 1637 with 2nd wife Francois Marie Grimoult.
(I)-Jean Terriau, b-1601, France, arriced Avadia, 1637, married 1635 (I)-Perrine Bourg.
Sieur (I)-Jean Nicolet (Nicollet de Belleborne (1598-1742) is acting as the Huron interpreter in Kebec and Trois Rivieres (Quebec). At Trois Rivieres, the River St. Jean is named after (I)-Jean Nicolet, interpreter and clerk of the store at Trois Rivieres. The River Des Prairies is named after a man, Des Prairies, who lost his way. Trois Rivieres was previously called the Island that contained a village. Sieur Nicollet brings three children to Kebec for the newly created Jesuit Residential School. It is not know if any of these children are his own Metis children.
The Jesuit opened a Residential School in Kebec but one of the young Savages asked soon after his arrival to return to his own country. Two of the young Savages died shortly after arriving. Paul Tisko, the son of Ouanda Koca, a Captain died after a Frenchman had hit the boy and some believe this caused his death. The boy had complained of the blows he had received to the head. The Jesuit claimed he died from overeating which is an absurd claim. Robert Satouta, a grandson of Tsondechaou Anouan an Admiral of the Savages also died as a result of a blow from a Frenchman, according to witnesses. They say the Frenchman drew his sword and hit the boy. The Jesuit attributed his death to a change of air and especially his diet. The Jesuit fabricated these wild stories out of fear of retaliation if violence can be proven, the French colony could be completely ruined. The Algonquin had witnessed the incidents and were fully aware of the lying nature of the Jesuits. Before their death, both boys were purged and bled to no avail. The Jesuits and Frenchmen involved were not punished.
The Sillery Reserve is cleared and houses built to settle the savages like the French. It later would be classified as a total failure. More Frenchmen went native than savages went French.
One young Savage said the Jesuit tried to make him believe in the French God by threats and by force, and, he refused to be forced by fear. The more threat of fire and eternal torments sometimes repels them.
The Jesuit say these young men are barbarians, have the law of wild asses, they are born, live and die in liberty without restraint, they do not know what is meant by bridle and bit. The Jesuit desire to have them conquer one’s passion is considered a great joke, while given free rein to the senses is a lofty philosophy. The Jesuit desire to place the French yoke on this boys. If you attempt to employ harshness to the Huron Nation is to throw them into rebellion. The Jesuit concluded that the young Savages in their possession being 300 leagues from their homes helps in their control .
The younger Savages defer to the older, but the larger ones do not command the others in an imperious or dictatorial manner, like the French, but amiably and differentially, like country People, as if exhorting them, and testifying their love. They as so united that, if one offends the least among them, they consider themselves all equally offended.
The threat of withholding food is of no value, as the young Savages advised the Jesuit that if they wish to have success in hunting, they fast for a week, drinking or eating nothing.
The young Savages are not taught survival skills; two Savages became lost in the woods, one nearly killed his companion while cutting down a tree. The young Savages attempted to plant a field of corn but they failed.
The ships from France arrived late at Fort Kebec and food was scarce this year. It was clear that the French also lacked basic survival skills.
Only three Savages remain at the first Residential School at Kebec. One is called Teouatirhon, another Arieihoua and a third called Aiacidance, not long removed from the breast.
Teouatirhon (Taratouan), war captain and uncle of Teouatirhon of the Kebec Residential School arrived Trois Rivieres (Quebec). He had come to return his nephew to the country on the pretext that the Hiroquois (Iroquois)are believed to be massing to attack the French. Two of the young Savages of the Residential School threw themselves down from the bastion of the fort, in order to escape and return to their country. The French, under arms, arrested the War Captain to prevent the loss of their young Huron from the school. After much discussion the two Teouatirhon, uncle and nephew departed Trois Rivieres and they fell into a Hiroquois ambush of 500 warriors. The uncle is captured but the nephew escaped and returned to Trois Rivieres.
At the General Assembly of the Huron Nation, the Council openly debated the execution of the Jesuits for bringing disease to the minds and bodies of the People.
Father (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) says that superstition, savagery and sin reign and triumph in New France. He advocates invading the enemies’ own territory in order to attack him with his own weapons of idiom of the Montagnais, Algonquin and Wendat. He supports starting schools for the Savages and trying inducements to settle in one place so they can be controlled. The Jesuit at Sillery, (Quebec) introduced European penance to the Indians.
An Indian is publicly flogged as a punishment for listening to a pagan suitor. The People learn that the French are intolerant.
The Jesuit Father (I)-Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673) wished for more harsh treatment, such as the sword that served the Roman Church so well in the past. The sword, in a holy manner, gives authority to the Roman Church decrees to maintain justice and to curb those who trample under foot, the holiness of her mysteries. The Jesuits, Father (I)-Claude PiJart, (I)-Nicolas Gondoin, (I)-Jacque de la Place and (I)-Charles Raymbault, arrived at Fort Kabec.
The French attacked the Iroquois but lost the battle, and the Iroquois retaliated by waging war on the French and Huron.
Sillery, Kebec is established as the first Indian Reservation in Canada.
January 14: Kebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.
January 16: The Company of New France received a grant to establish a nunnery and Jesuit church and seminary at Kebec.
March 17: Father Superior (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) and Father (I)-Francois La Mercier (1604-1690) visit Iahenhouton to propose whether it would be acceptable to them that some of our Frenchmen should marry in their country as soon as possible. The People said the Frenchmen who had resolved to marry were free to take wives where it seemed good to them; that those who had married in the past had not demanded a General Council for that purpose, but they had taken them in whatever way they had desired. The Father replied to this that it was very true that the Frenchmen who had hitherto married in the country had not made such a stir about it, but also that their intentions were far removed from ours, that their purpose had been to become barbarians (like the People of the country), and to render themselves exactly like them (Coureurs des Bois). He said we, on the contrary, aimed by this alliance to make them like us. This the People said would require a General Council. This is a significant turning point as most previous marriages are to barbarians by Coureurs des Bois and therefore not recorded in the marriage records of New France.
The Jesuits admit that Frenchmen have been taking savages as country wives where it seemed good to them and their purpose is to become barbarians. They wish to render themselves exactly like the savages.
The conditions necessary for their daughters to marry Frenchmen are as follows:
1. They needed to know what dowry the French would give to the wife, any wife’s family,
2. And know whether the wife would have everything at her disposal.
3. If the husband returned to France, would he take her with him? If not, what compensation would he pay?
4. If wife failed in her duty and is driven off by her husband, what could she take away with her? And if, on her own free will, the fancy seized her to return to her relatives, what could she take with her?
The Jesuits report that some Frenchmen were more hesitant in entering into a marriage with a savage upon learning the terms and conditions of marriage to these barbarian girls. Most Coureurs des Bois, however, didn’t give it a second thought, as they were committed to the relationship. It is noteworthy that many marriages of Frenchmen to barbarians are not recorded as such. Many Savage girls are given Christian names to hid their past.
January 14: Kebec, marriage Antoine Brossard to (I)-Francoise Emery, b-1671, died July 11, 1671, Quebec.
March: Kebec, arrival of (I)-Jacques Gourdeau b-1614 or 1624, a native of Pointou.
March 17: Kebec, birth (III)-Charles Le Gardeur, died September 23, 1684 Trois Rivieres son (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1675 and Marie Favery, d-1675.: 1st married January 18, 1663, Quebec, Marie Macard: 2nd marriage December 22, 1669, Jeanne Dematras.
March 26: Kebec, birth (II)-Jacques Bourdon, Metis, son (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
March 27: The Savages say the country is failing us, there is now scarcely any more game in the neighborhood of the French (Fort Kebec). Unless we reap something from the earth, we are going to ruin.
March 27: Monsieur de Champlain had promised to help the Montagnez to enclose a village at Trois Rivieres, to clear land, and to build some houses. Sieur Oliver, the translator and Sieur Nicolet also a translator confirmed this promise was true.
April 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Peltier Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier (1596-1679) and Jeanne de (Voisy) Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1612/1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. October 17, 1650, Quebec, (I)-Nicolas Goupil; 2nd marriage August 30, 1655, Quebec, Denis Jean.. The family is living at Sillery an Indian reservation so it is highly likely Marie is Metis?
May: (I)-Pierre Pijart (1608-1676), a Jesuit, established the Mission of the Immaculate Conception at Ossossane- the largest Huron village, near Elmvale, Ontario.
May: Kebec, arrival of (I)-Pierre De Laporte, a native of Paris.
June 14: Kabec, birth (II)-Antoine Arnault, Metis, son (I)-Antoine Arnault, a carpenter married 1636, Kabec , Madeleine savage
July: Kebec, an unknown number of ships arrived this month, one ship was called the Nicolas, a vessel with captain Fournier and a bark with captain Faybault, the others are unknown.
July: St Joseph de Sillery, 4 miles above Kebec, is established by Noul de Sillery, and contains two Algonkin families totaling 20 persons. This hardly qualifies as a settlement, but more as a traditional wintering location. Monsieur the Chavalier de Montmagny replaced the late Monsieur de Champellain.
July 5: A ship arrived Tadoussac (Quebec) bringing new settlers from France.
July 12: Kebec, marriage performed by Father Charles Lallemant, at Notre Dame des Anges (I)-Francois Belanger b-1612 to (II)-Marie Madeline Robin Guyon (1618/-1696) others say born March 18, 1624 France, daughter (I)-Jean Francois Huet (Guton) Guyon (Dion) dit du Buisson (1592-1663) Quebec and Mathurine Madeleine Avard Robin (1597-1663) died April 17, 1662, Quebec Is this the (I)-Jean Guyon who arrived Kebec 1619?? and children are possible Metis??
July 12: Kebec marriage Robert Drouin to Anne Cloutier age eleven
August 4: The whole country is enraged against the Black robes, especially the one called Brebeuf (1593-1649) who is considered a sorcerer. The Hurons hold a council to inquire into the cause of a terrible disease ravaging their people. They concluded it was caused by the sorceries of the Jesuits.
August 6: The Hiroquois (Iroquois) had effectively blockaded the Saint Lawrence River above Trois Rivieres (Quebec) preventing the Huron from reaching the French at Fort Kebec.
August 11: The French quickly responded to the Hiroquois (Iroquois) threat by dispatching to Trois Rivieres, 6 well equipped shallops for war. The French drove the Hiroquois from the area and only one canon was fired.
August 16: The Duchesse d’Aiguillon, Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu’s (1585-1642), niece, donated 22,400 Livres to establish Hotel Dieu (a hospital) at Fort Kebec.
September 2: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Hochelaga (Montreal) area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec. No marriage contract was found. (Francoise could be a Native or Metis? but most likely a sauvagesse however with a French name more likely Metis or adopted): married November 9, 1649, Kebec Jean Pelletier
September 2: Kebec marriage (I)-Pierre Nicolet to Nicolas Bonhomme.
September 21: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Selle dit de L’espine to (I)-Marie Berard dit Lepine b-1619, epouse November 5, 1719 Quebec, Pierre Pivain at (100 yrs).
October 7: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Nicolet, (1598-1642) a noble man and interpreter, who arrived Kebec 1618 married to (II)-Marguerite Couillard, daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert; Marguerite married 2nd time April 20. 1705 Kebec. Marguerite epouse November 12, 1646, Kebec, Nicolas Macard. Nicolet 1st married Nipissing woman , b-1610 and had one known daughter (II)-Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet, Metis.
October 7: The marriage of (I)-Jean Nicolet, (1598-1642) to Marguerite Couillard age 11, was attended by (I)-Francois Derre de Gand (chief of police), the late Oliver, Noel Juehereau, Pierre De la Portie, Guillaume Hubout, Guitianume Hebert, Marie Rolet, Claude Racine and Etienne Racine.
October 7: (I)-Pierre Nicolet was present at the contract to marriage of (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) who eventually married September 2, 1640 Catherine Goujet (1616-`1679)
October 21, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Michel Godfroy, died May 18, 1709, Trois Rivieres son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, (1608-1681) and Marie Le Neuf b-1612-1688); married September 2, 1664, Montreal, Perinne Picote
October 22, 1637 it is reported that (I)-Jean Nicolet attended the marriage contracts of Francis Derre, chief of police, Oliver Le Tardif, Noel Juehereau, Pierre De la Porte, Guillaume Hubout, Guiliaume Herbert, Marie Rolet and future epouse Claude Racine and (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607
November 3: Kebec, marriage (I)-Oliver Tardif (Letardif), b-1601, died January 28, 1665, Chateau Richer, (some suggest Tardif was an interpreter for Samuel de Champlain about 1620 and likely remained in Kebec during the English occupation) (others suggest he returned to France) he married 1st. November 3, 1737, Kabec (II)-Louise Couillard, b-1625, Kebec, died November 23, 1641, Kebec, daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, died March 4, 1663, Kebec and (II)-Guillemette Herbert b-1606, died October 20, 1684, Quebec: married 2nd (I)-Jean Aymart dit Aymard daughter (I)-Jean Aymart dit Aymard and Marie Bineau
November 13: David Kirke, Marquis of Hamilton and the Earls of Pembroke and Holland are appointed co-proprietors of Newfoundland. The prior rights of Lord Baltimore were deserted. (I)-David Kirke, as Governor of Newfoundland, brought out 100 colonists and built Fort Ferryland, Fort St. Johns and Fort Bay de Verde. This is in conflict with the Western Adventurers who want the Island free of settlers so as to maintain control of the Grand Bank’s fisheries.
December 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married November 16, 1649, Kebec, Pierre Soumande
December 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Jacqueline Sedilot daughter (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoultt, b-1606: married October 23, 1651, Kebec, Jean Chenier.
1638
Three marriages, nine births and two deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(II)-Nicolas Belanger son (I)-Francois Belanger b-1612, died October 20, 1682 Beaufort, and Marie Guyon (1618-1696: married January 11, 1660 Quebec, Marie De Rainville
(II)-Marguerite Boule, b-1638, died January 31, 1639, Trois Rivieres daughter (I)-Francois Boule established Sillery and married, likely a sauvagesse.
Ship list of colonists from Soleil, France to Kebec
Jacques Chauson, wood worker
Jeanne Chesson, a woman of precedent
Raymond Crubellet
Marie Griffon, woman of precedent
Helie (Elie) Grimard, carpenter, and settled Trois Rivieres
Francois Parpailler, labourer
Daniel Parpailler, labourer
Pierre unknown
Jean Vanuel, tailor
Francois Verdon, master baker
Two Christian Savage girls marry Frenchmen this year and are given some land to settle on. See September 3, 1639.
Genevieve Agnas Skanndharon b-1638, died November 3, 1657, Kabec daughter Pierre Ondakion, Huron and Jeanne Asenraquehaon, Genevieve is adopted by Mr. & Mrs. Bodeau common folks from Paris who paid 3,000 livres for the little girl
(I)-David Kirke (1597-1654) seized the property and mansion of Lord Baltimore, then occupied by William Hill, Newfoundland.
Father (I)-Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673), brother of (I)-Charles Lalemant, Superior (1587-1674) and uncle of (I)-Gabriel Lalemant, is made Superior of Huron Mission of the Society of Jesus of New France. (I)-Jerome Lalemant visited the Wendat mission, bringing a number of Frenchmen of various trades. In 1639 he centralized operations at Ste Marie to establish an ideal fortified village with 13 Jesuit priests..
(I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne (1598-1642), journeyed to Lake Superior to establish trade relations for the Company of New France.
The Jesuit are focusing on learning the Montagnais, Algonquian and Huron tongues.
St. Joseph Sillery, four miles above Kebec on the St. Lawrence River is established with two Algonkin families.
The Swedish West India Company established Fort Cristina (Wilmington, Delaware), consisting of some 200 to 300 Swedes and Finns in New Netherlands. Some contend they contributed log cabin construction to New England. The Dutch would annex the colony in 1655. The Jesuit Father Superior, Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673), introduced a centralization policy, ordering the Jesuit to live together in Sante Marie. This policy proved impractical, and the policy is reversed in 1643.
The New England colonies passed a law, making it a felony to run off to the Indians.
The parish Silleryr aka Mission de St Joseph de Sillery is established this year.
January 27: Kebec, birth (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis daughter (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis, (1604-1639) and Helene Desportes, b-1620, epouse January 9, 1640, Kebec, Noel Morin: married November 20, 1651, Kebec, Guillaume Fournier
February 10: King Louis XIII made Charles de Menou d’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650), a cousin (I)-Isaac de Launoy de Razilly (1587-1635), Lieutenant General of Acadia, with authority over Port Royal and La Heve and the command of Pentagouet (Acadia Maine); a trading post on the Penobscot River (Maine). (II)-Charles de La Tour (1593-1666) was granted the rest of Acadia ( Nova Scotia) and the command of Cape de Sable and Fort La Tour on the St. John River. This arrangement caused ill-feelings and hostility between the two.
February 22: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre:
April 30: The Island of Hochelaga (Montreal) concession is passed from (I)-Jacques Girard, Sieur de la Chaussee, who acquired it January 15, 1636 to (I)-Jean de Lauzon, being witnessed by (I)-Hardin-Huart and (I)-Haguenier.
May 13: Kebec, marriage (I)-Denis Duquet (1605-1675) to Catherine Gautier, b-1627
May 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 to (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679) daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais (1589-1664) and Huron savagesse and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis b-1611?, see 1624: It was on May 22, 1638 that, Father Nicolas Adam fulfilled his parish duties at Quebec. He blessed the union of (I)-Etienne Racine and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis, b-1624, now fourteen years old. Olivier Tardif/LeTardif and Guillaume Couillard were present. Promise of marriage was made November 16, 1637.
June 11: The Jesuit Relations reported an earthquake at Trois Rivieres (Quebec).
June 24: Saint Jean Baptiste Day is first celebrated in Kebec using bonfires which were common in France.
July: Kebec, an unknown number of ships arrived, two known are the Petit Saint Jean, captain J. Coupereau and Marie Marthe captain N. Eccussard.
July 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Blondel, died July 22, 1638, Trois Rivieres daughter (I)-Pierre Blondel, brewer at Fort Trois Riviers and Marie Gourdin Alyson
July 24: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Selle son (I)- Jacques Selle dit de L’espine to (I)-Marie Berard dit Lepine b-1619
August 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Noel Guyon son (I)-Jean Guyon, sieur du Buisson, a mason and educated man from Perche married to Madeleine Boule
September 3: Kebec Country Marriage (I)Guillaume Bigot b-1614 (contract of marriage December 19, 1639) married Marie Panis, slave of Jack and Marie Pouchet of St. Maclou, Bishopic of Rouen, France. This is likely one of those Indian or Metis girls sent to France for education and returned for marriage.
October 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Adrien Hayot son (I)-Thomas Hayot and Jeanne Boucher: 1st married November 24, 1661 Quebec, Marie Guyon: 2nd married February 18, 1686, Quebec, Marie Pechine..
November 16; Kebec, (I)-Etienne Racine and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679) were the heros of the celebration held in the house of (I)-Abraham Martin, (1589-1664). This document is the first to reveal to us the origins of the young fiance. He was the son of Rene Racine and Marie Loisel, from the parish Fumichon, in Normandy. For the occasion, he was assisted by his “kind friends” Guillaume Couillard and Adrienne d’Abancourt, the future bride of Jean Joliet.
November 22: (II)-Adrien Martin, Metis, born November 22, 1638, Kebec son (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’ecossais, (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?).
November 24: Kabec, birth (II)-Genevieve Bourdon, Metis, died December 13, 1700, Quebec, daughter ((I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
December 31: A lunar eclipse sighted in the Huron country, caused panic among the People who placed the blame on the Jesuits. It is likely the Jesuits used this natural phenomena to create converts, but it back fired.
1639
Five marriages, fifteen births and nine deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, who died January 12, 1668, in 1639 obtained the seigniories of Donbourg, Neuville, today’s Point aux Tremble, Quebec
(II)-Antoine Brossard, b-1639, died April 12, 1642, Kebec son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.
Francois de Champflour is Governor Trois Rivieres (1639-1645)
Marie Crespin, b-1639 Ville-Marie (Montreal) aka Hochelaga, married 1681 (I)-Jean Fournier, b-1627; she is likely a Metis, a daughter of a free trader in this area
(I)-Francois de Chamflour is commandant Trois Rivieres (Quebec).
(I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie b-1606 Governor Trois Rivieres (1645-1648), (1650-1651), (1652-1653) and (1658-1662) married Trois Rivieres (II)-Marguerite Le Gardeur b-1608 daughter (I)-Rene Le Gardeur and Catherine De Corde, died July 7, 1657 Quebec. Some suggest he married France about 1631?
(I)-Andre de Malapart (Malapart) arrived Trois Rivieres 1635 and is made commandant in 1639.
A coal mine is operating at Grand Lake (New Brunswick).
Jeanne Enard, b-1619 wife of (I)-Christophe Crevier, sieur de la Mesle arrives Trois Rivieres (Quebec) (not recorded by Tanguay) and begins a flourishing trade in brandy with the Natives. (I)-Christophe was involved in 27 court cases at Trois Riviers. I suspect Jeanne might be Metis or a savageese??
Smallpox hit this year in Fort Kebec and Trois Rivieres killing hundreds of people. The Huron (Wendat) lost half their population. The Jesuit, following their isolation policy, created the first Indian reservation- St. Joseph de Sillery, seven kilometers north of Fort Kebec, which included three thousand, five hundred hectares. The Jesuits, having failed to educate the Algonquian into Christianity, called on the Ursuline order of nuns to educate the women. They also would fail. This ill-conceived policy, however, would last for the next three hundred and fifty years, causing much suffering to the Native Peoples.
The Ursuline arrived to educate the savage girls. Marie de I’Incarnation said “A Frenchman is more readily become a savage than a savage a Frenchman”. It’s ironic that any analysis of the two cultures suggest the Europeans were the savages.
The Hospitan Nuns say; in France you have to be on guard every day, to prevent disputes among the poor, or to quell them, and in Kebec we have not observed the least discord among our sick Savages, not even a slight quarrel has arisen. How these persons, so different in country, age and sex, can agree so well. The love of the mother towards their children is very great.
In the Huron Country are 13 Jesuit and 27 Frenchmen. (II)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) served this mission (1639-1643) he is likely living with his Indian girl and they would settle Trois Rivieres. Father Superior, (I)-Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673), opened a mission among the Petuns and Neutrals, being fearful of the Dutch Calvinists’ influence, as the Jesuits had previously, vigorously opposed to them in India, Japan and the East Indies. The Jesuit Father (I)-Barthelemy Vimont (1594-1667) arrived at Fort Kabec this year for a second time. The Algonquin accused the Wa-mit-ig-oshe (Jesuit) and Christian Wendat of plotting to destroy the whole Nation of Peoples.
Smallpox, carried by the Jesuits, destroyed 50% of the Huron Nation, leaving only 10,000 people. Others suggest disease in 1634, 1636 and 1639 destroyed 18,000 Huron. Earlier unknown diseases (likely also smallpox) had already thinned their numbers. Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) in 1645 estimated the Huron numbered some 30,000 people in 20 towns.
The Company of (New) France issued a resolution that Savages should be on the same footing as the French at the Company stores. Savage girls who marry French husbands should be allotted a piece of land prepared for crop.
Fort Ste. Marie#1 The French Jesuits build Fort Ste. Marie #1 (1639-1649) on the River Wye, near Lake Attigouanatan (Huron), Ontario. Fort Ste Marie was burned down by the Jesuits in 1649.
Girls (Filles du Roi) are first mentioned in the Jesuit Relations as being sent to New France this year in their 1641 reports. The Jesuits said that rumors circulating in Paris in 1639, as to the girls virtue, were untrue, as the girls virtue was attested to by a doctor before they departed France. Rumors in Paris say this is not true.
The Wenrohronons, an associate nation of the Neutral Nation, had a falling out, for unknown reasons, and fled to New France. They traveled over 80 leagues, made by over 600 persons, the majority being women and children, many die in transit with most being sick on arrival. They were distributed among the various Huron villages. The best places of the cabins were given to them, the granaries or chests of corn were opened and they were given liberty to dispose of them as if they were their own. The Wenrohronons were grateful and the Jesuit saw this as an opportunity to make converts.
The European Islanders (English) who have settled to the south are barbarians who are hostile to the Roman Church and the Black Robes. They tell the Hiroquois, the Black Robes are associated to destroy and ruin the world. They said there are some Jesuit in England, but concealed, and as soon as caught, they are put to death.
(I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny, d-1651, the Governor of Canada (1635-1648) built Hotel Dieu, Kebec.
January 2: Kebec, birth (III)-Marie Madeleine Sevestre, died November 7, 1706, daughter (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec: 1st married October 22, 1653, Quebec, Jacques Loyer: 2nd marriage February 22, 1672, Quebec, Louis DeNiort.
January 29: Kebec, birth (III)-Ignace Le Gardeur, died June 5, 1644 Trois Rivieres son (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1675 and Marie Favery, d-1675.
February 13, 1639 birth (II)-Pierre Boucher son (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married April 4, 1663 Chateau Richer, Marie St. Denis
March 20, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Louis Godfroy, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie Le Neuf (1612-1688); married March 1663 (II)-Marguerite Seigneuret, b-1650
March 30: Kebec: birth (II)-Louise Giffard, died October 31, 1658, Quebec, 1665, Quebec daughter (I)-Robert Giffard de Moncel (1587-1658/1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599/1659: married August 12, 1652, Quebec, Charles De Lauzon
May 4: The St. Joseph sailed from Dieppe, France with the following passengers: Jesuit (I)-Joseph Antoine Poncet de La Riviere (1610-1675), Jesuit (I)-Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot (1611-1693) and Jesuit Barthelemy Vimont (1594-1667), new Superior of the Jesuits in Canada. Also included are Ursuline (I)-Marie Guyart aka Marie de I’Incarnation (1599-1672), Ursuline (I)-Marie de Savonnieres de La Touche, Ursuline Marie de Saint Joseph (1616-1652, and Mother (I)-Cecile de Sainte Croix. (I)-Marie Madeleine de Chauvigny de La Peltrie (1603-1671) was on board. Three Hospitallers were included: Mother Marie Guenat, Marie de Saint Ignace (1610-1646), Anne le Cointre, Anne de Saint Bernard and Marie Forestier and Marie de Saint Bonaventure (1615-1698).
July/August: Kebec, three ships arrived the Saint Joseph Captain Bontemps, the Saint Jacques captain Ancelot and one classified as a boat.
July 12: Kebec, birth (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married July 25, 1667, Chateau Richer, Suzanne Page
July 18: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Blondel, died August 10, 1639, Trois Rivieres son (I)-Pierre Blondel, brewer at Fort Trois Riviers and Marie Gourdin Alyson
August 1: Marie de La Peltrie and Marie de I’Incarnation founded the Ursuline convent. They were teaching nuns with a primary goal of educating Indian Girls as wives to Frenchmen. It was true that girls who converted to catholicism often desired to marry French Catholic husbands. The early records were lost in a fire the the schooling of Indian girls was said to be substantial. They were given practical household skills and provided with a dowry if they married a Frenchman. The actual convent was not built until 1641 and likely peaked at 60-80 girls. Many girls prior to 1641 were shipped to France for their education and were adopted into French families before being returned to New France. It is assumed many returned to the the convent before marriage but these records were lost in a fire.
August 2: Kebec, birth (III)-Angelique Hebert, Metis daughter (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) and Helene Desportes, b-1620, epouse January 9, 1640, Kebec, Noel Morin
August 8: Kebec, marriage (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) to Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687)
August 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Couillard, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684);
September 3: Kabec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Bigot, b-1614, child of Louis and Bertranne Malescot; married September 3, 1639, Kabec to Marie panis (slave) sauvagesse of Jacques and Marie Pouchet de St Maclou, bishopric de Rouen, France. Contract of marriage December 18, 1639 Greffe de Guitet.
September 3: Kabec, birth, (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis, died September 25, 1697, Beauport, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), Algonquin Metis born Hochelaga (Montreal) area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: married October 22, 1653, Kebec Paul Vachon
September 12: Kabec, marriage (I)-Jean Gory, b-1611 married Isabeau Panie, slave sauvagesse or Metis daughter Jacques and Marie Dousset de St. Maclou, eveche de Rouen.
September 26: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Maheu, d-1663 married Anne Convent epouse 1627, France (I)-Philippe Amiot and epouse September 10, 1666 Quebec, Etienne Blanchon
September 9: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) to Marie D’Abancour dite La Caille
November 1: Kebec: birth (II)-Marie Giffard, died June 3, 1714, Beauport daughter (I)-Robert Giffard de Moncel (1587-1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599: married September 22, 1649, Kebec, Nicolas Juchereau
December 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Francoise Guyon daughter (I)-Jean Guyon, sieur du Buisson, a mason and educated man from Perche married Madeleine Boule
December 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Gareman daughter (I)-Pierre Gareman dit Garnier (in 1666 census) and Madeleine Charlot: married January 29, 1652, Quebec, Mathurin Tru
December 18: Kebec, birth (II)-Adrien Sedilot, died March 1, 1715, son (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married October 23, 1651, Kebec, Jean Chenier: married September 22, 1661, Quebec, Jeanne Briere.
1640
Three marriages, twenty one births and two deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. The New France colony now totaled some two hundred and forty people. Others suggest Kebec population was 355. An unofficial census of New France recorded 375 people. The first count must only include Fort Kebec and area. Others suggest the total population of New France only numbered 359, this sounds like La Tour head count of Acadia?.
(I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) (1614-1694) see 1619 married Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English
Kebec birth (II)-Jeanne Auber died Batiscan December 8, 1687, daughter (I)-Francois Auber (leader of a boat) and Anne Fauconner; married 1681 Jacques Dubois
(II)-Zacharie Cloutier, died February 3, 1708 Chateau Richer married Madeleine Barbe Aymard, b-1626, died May 28, 1708, Chateau Richer
(I)-Francois Girouard, b-1621 arrived Acadia 1740, married Jeanne Aueoin, b-1631.
(II)-Catherine Le Neuf, b-1640 Trois Revieries daughter (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie, b-1606 and (II)-Marguerite Le Gardieur, b-1608, died 1697: married August 23, 1655, Kebec, Pierre Denis. Possible son (I)-Pierre St. Denis who arrived Kebec 1619 and therefore possibly Metis? Brother (II)-Michel Le Neuf was born October 31, Trois Riviers, died 1721 Quebec who married about 1666 (II)-Francois Denis. Catherine Le Neuf is listed born unknown? Also sister Marie b-1632 possible adoptees?
(II)-Marie Pasquier (1640-1685) born Kebec daughter (I)-Pierre Pasquier de Franclieu and Marie de Porta; married January 10, 1668 (II)-Charles Thomas Couillard, died May 8, 1715 St. Etienne de Beaumont epouse 1688 (II)-Louise Couture
(II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) commanded 359 people in Acadia and (I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) of Acadia could field 200 men, during the Acadian civil war, more than the total of New France.
(I)-Pierre Vachon, d-1640, Kebec
Some believe that many early French traders took Huron (Wendat) women for wife seeking short term personal gratification, trade advantages and did not expect their obligations to be permanent. The Metis children were absorbed into the matriarchal society and adopted the Huron culture. The Huron would not yield orphaned youngsters to French care as they were a cruel people using corporal punishment as discipline and as a teaching aid. The destruction of the Huron confederacy in 1649 drove these unrecorded Metis west and most were permanently separated from their French fathers. Subsequent history does not support this opinion. The French fathers likely did not abandoned their Huron wives but were likely separated due to the Iroquois war.
The Jesuits were approached secretly in Sillery by young Indian girl converts to find them suitable husbands.
At the General Assembly of the Huron Nation, the Council again openly debated the execution of the Jesuits or at least the driving of them back to the St. Lawrence Valley, for bringing disease to the minds and bodies of the People. Many Huron Villages had already closed their gates to the Jesuits. Women would run and hide their children at the approach of the Jesuits.
The Iroquois group of five nations, unlike the Algonquian, are intense farmers. The Huron (Wendat) are a part of the Iroquois family, but has aligned with the Algonquian culture. They are in constant conflict with the Iroquois. The center of the conflict, at this time, is that the Iroquois traded with the Dutch through Hudson River and the Huron ( Wendat) with the French by the St. Lawrence river, and both acted as merchants in the fur trade. The French believed the Dutch and English were behind the Iroquois’ stirring up of trouble and selling them guns. The Iroquois source of supply, however, is dwindling, whereas the Huron ( Wendat) trade is flourishing. Unknown to the French, the Huron ( Wendat) are the middlemen to the Ojibwa and Cree to the West. The Iroquois began attacking the French settlements, striking down the farmers in the field, burning their homes, barns and wheat fields.
The French noted that Natives show in sickness, astonishing patience and gentleness and most pious devotion. Accustomed to divide with one another their food, they also think it necessary to share their medicine. The Huron ( Wendat), however, noted that the black robes caused death wherever they went. In some villages they visit, everyone except three or four died. The black robes moved and the same thing happened again. They visited the cabins of other cities, and only those into which they did not enter have been exempted from illness or death.
The Jesuits (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot (1611-1693) traveled from the Huron Mission in the present Township of Medonte, near Penetanguishene, (Ontario) to the Indian Village Onguiara near Queenston (Ontario). This highly annoyed the Huron ( Wendat) who accused the Blackrobes of attempting to bypass them in trade. The Jesuit Order attempted to exclude the Recollets and Huguenots from New France. They firmly believed that the real enemies were the Dutch, English and the Huguenots.
By 1640, the Iroquois have swept away the Jesuits, Huron ( Wendat), and nearly destroyed the French trading colony. The first official census listed 375 people in New France.
The French Company of One Hundred Associates, that was effectively created by Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642) is on the verge of bankruptcy. It had been founded to control the fur trade and to keep protestants out of New France, founded on a church principle of absolutism.
The Jesuits, before the purge, could only count about 100 converts from the 16,000 Wendat (Huron), and these were mostly sick infants or aged persons who died soon after baptism. Where ever the Jesuit went death soon followed. Sillery, Kabec the major mission of the Jesuit only contained 35-40 families.
Many Huron believe the Jesuit have a secret league with the Hiroquois (Iroquois) likely because they baptized a few Hiroquois.
Father (I)-Jean Brebeuf (1593-1649) visited the Neutral Nation (Iroquois) and entered into secret treaty. He was denounced as a traitor full of treachery, on all sides. He denied that he did but others presented evidence that he was lying. The Jesuit Order fearing for his life recalled him to Kebec until things cooled down.
The Church of Kebec is burned and destroyed by fire, together with the house of the Jesuit Fathers.
The death of (I)-Issac de Launoy de Razilly (1587-1635/36) threw Acadia into turmoil, as (I)-Charles de Menou d’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650), Nicolas Denys and (II)-Charles de Saint Etienne de La Tour (1595-1665) divided the governing of Acadia and all claimed exclusive rights to trade. A civil war broke out and didn’t end until (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) killed? Charles d’Aulnay de Charinsay (1605-1650) and married his widow Madame Motin.
The Micmac scoffed at the notion of French superiority. They reasoned that if Christian civilization was so wonderful, why were its inhabitants leaving? In France, governments were harsh and the rule of law arbitrary. Famines, disease and death rampaged. The French were just plain dirty, physically weak, and sexually untrustworthy.
The Association for the Colony of Ville-Marie (Montreal. Quebec) is formed, headed by the founders Jerome le Royer de la Dauversiere, Receiver of Taxes at la Fleche, in Anjou; and Father Jean Jacques Olier de Vemeuil, a young Sulpican priest of Paris.
The Jesuit say; nearly all the barbarians (Huron, Algonquian and Iroquois) desire the Jesuit death, as passionately as they crave the preservation of their own lives; in their speech they talk of nothing but slaughtering us, that was an ordinary theme of their Councils, so reported the Jesuits.
A ship arrived Acadia with 25 men and 5 women.
(I)-Guillaume Couture (Cousture), (1617-1701) departed Trois Riviers with Jésuit priests (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646), (I)-Rene Goupil (1608-1642), and 19 Huron Indians. In the vicinity of lake Saint-Pierre, the small convoy was attacked by a group of about 80 Iroquois and are taken prisoner by the Iroquois
January 9: Kebec, marriage (I)-Noel Morin, (1616-1680) to Helene Desportes, epouse October 1, 1634, (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis, b-1606 d-1639.
February 14: Kebec, birth (II)-Paul Selle son (I)- Jacques Selle dit de L’espine to (I)-Marie Berard dit Lepine b-1619
April 11: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 testified in court as a witness.
April 30: Sillery, birth (II)-Nicolas Peltier dit Marolles Metis, died December 2, 1729, Tadoussac, son (I)-Nicolas Pelletier and Jeanne Roussy Metis/Indian (1622-1689); 1st married June 22, 1673 Quebec Madeleine Tegoussi (Montagnaise) sauvagess, veuve d’Augustie sauvage; 2nd marriage June 3, 1677, Tadoussac, Francoise Ouechipichinokoue, Algonguin; 3th marriage (II)-Francoise Lamy, daughter (I)-Isaac Lamy; 4rd marriage August 5, 1715, Quebec, Marie Anne Outchiouanich Nanabesa; Sillery is an Indian reservation so it is highly likely he is a Metis
Marriage #2 produced two Metis children Nicolas & Francois and they produced 10 Metis children.
May 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Peltier, Metis died November 9, 1713, Quebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married November 17, 1653, Quebec, Jean Hayot
May 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Francois Crevier Metis son (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619
May 17: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Marsolet, Metis, died April 19, 1712, Kebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688) epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married October 20, 1653, Kebec, Jean Lemire
May 24: Father (I)-Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot (Chaumonnot, Calvonotti) (1611-1693) wrote; The Missionaries have been frequently persecuted, but non have yet perished. Pierre is fully aware that the Algonquin, Huron and Iroquois all have the Jesuit under Assembly, Council or Grand Council orders to be executed for their evil deeds.
June 24: An Englishman arrived Sault Saint Louis and River des Prairies. The first rapid found in the great river St. Lawrence, which we call “sault saint Louis,”: we come to another stream crossed the “River des Prairies. This river is thus named after a Frenchman called des Prairies. This Englishman had one servant and 20 Abnaquiois, who reside between the Acadian Sea and the St. Lawrence River, in canoes to search for the Northern Sea. He had spent two years following the coast from Virginia to New Mexico attempting to find the route to the North Sea (likely looking for the Mississippi River) but had failed to do so. The French at this time believed the route to the North Sea is via Lake Superior based upon (I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne (1598-1642) account. The Frenchman was refused permission to venture to Fort Kebec and told to return from whence he came. He said he was unable to do so as the streams were dried up. He requested and received permission to go to Tadoussac (Quebec) to find voyage back to England.
June 27: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Jacques Boissel son (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697)
June 30: Tadoussac, (Quebec) three ships arrived, the Esperance 90 tonnage captain Savinien Courpon de la Tour, the Saint Jacques, captain Ancflot and an unnamed ship captain Cabot. Other ships arrived July/August but the numbers and names are unknown.
July 1: Kebec, (I)-Noel Desnoyers, a carpenter of the Ursulines arrived and died July 3, 1640, Kebec.
July 26: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Hayot daughter (I)-Thomas Hayot and Jeanne Boucher: 1st married October 28, 1652, Quebec, Etienne Tenevert: 2nd marriage Leonard Dubord.
July 29: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620.
July/August: An unknown number of ships landed Kebec.
August 7: In Paris, the Island of Montreal, (Quebec) passed into the hands of Jerome Le Rouer (Royer), sieur de la Dauversiere, Sieur de La Dauversiere and Pierre Chevrier, Baron de Fancamp to set the stage for the Montreal Company or Society of Notre Dame de Montreal. Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676) is to be the new Governor of the Ville Marie de Montreal. The Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement, formed in 1639; a secret society of Counter-Reformation zealots in France, is the prime mover. Father Jean Jacques Olier is also a founding member.
August 19: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Belanger, died December 15, 1692 Chateau Richer, son (I)-Francis Belanger b-1612 and (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696): married November 21, 1663 Chateau Richer, Barbe Clouter
September 2: Kebec marriage (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) married Catherine Goujet (1616-1679)
September 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Etienne Sedilot, died November 10, 1688, Quebec, son (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married October 23, 1651, Kebec, Jean Chenier: married August 11`, 1664, Quebec, Madeleine Carbonnet.
September 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis, daughter of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage; married 1st February 6, 1653, Quebec, Nicolas Froget, 2nd marriage February 1, 1681, Repentigny, Jean Baptiste Fonteneau
September 14: Kebec, death Marguerite Petitpas who married (I)-Etienne Sevestre
THREE CHILDREN ARE RECORDED
(II)-Etienne Sevestre died May 2, 1640, Kebec, drowned with Adrien D’Abancour.
(II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Quebec, married 1627, Marie Pichon
(II)-Jacques Sevestre, died June 12, 1685, Quebec
September 30: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Racine, Metis, child of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679)
October 19: Kabec, birth (II)-Marie Bourdon, Metis, died 1660 Quebec, son (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
October 22: Kabec, marriage (I)-Claude Etienne, b-1610 married (II)- Helene Martin, born June 21, 1627, Metis, daughter (I)- Abraham Martin (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611; 2nd marriage Helene September 3, 1647 to (I)-Medard Chouart.
October 31: Trois Rivieres, birth, (II)-Michel Le Neuf, son (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie, b-1606 and (II)-Marguerite Le Gardieur, b-1608, died 1697: married Marie Francoise Denis
November: (I)-Pierre Pijart, Jesuit is in the Tabacco Nation.
December 4: Trois Rivieres, birth/death (II)-Ignace Nicolet son (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) and (II)-Marguerite Couillard
December 17: The Hundred Associates agreed to grant Montreal Island to the Society of Notre Dame de Montreal, except for the mountain and an area to the southeast, and added the seignior of St. Sulpice.
1641
Three marriages, sixteen births and eight deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Brossard b-1641, died December 21, 1709 Quebec daughter (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.: married February 7, 1656 Kebec Jacques Hedouin
Guillaume Des Chesnes, Voyage Couillard dit Des Chesnes, en 1641.
(I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers, (1618/21-1696), pilote, arrived Kebec, 1641, explorer, fur trader, married 1st. September 3, 1647, Kebec (II)-Helene Martin, 2n marriage August 24, 1653, Quebec, (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, was involved in 31 court cases at Trois Rivieres and was resentful on the injustices at the hands of French officials. He and his brother-in-law (II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis, (1632-1710) helped found the Hudson Bay Company. (II)-Pierre is listed as (II)-Marguerite’s half sister. (see Radisson 1631)
Monsieur de Courpon is admiral of the fleet of New France (Canada). Sieur Maisonneuve his surgeon is given to the New Colony of Montreal.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Nicolas Crevier dit Bellerive Metis son (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married 1664 Trois Rivieres, Louise Leloutre, b-1648
(I)-Francois Petit Pre a Jesuit engage is at Trois Rivieres this year
Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Hayot born likely 1641 or earlier, Kebec son (I)-Thomas Hayot and Jeanne Boucher: married November 17, 1653 Quebec, Louise Pelletier..
(I)-Charles Lemoyne de Longueuil, et de Chateauguay b-1624 arrived Kebec this year. He would marry 1654 Montreal, a 13 year old orphan named Catherine Primot, b-1641 whose real name is Catherine Tierry daughter Guillaume Tierry and Elizabeth Messier.
(II)-Marie Anne Le Neuf, b-1641/42 likely Trois Revieries daughter (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie, b-1606 and (II)-Marguerite Le Gardieur, b-1608, died 1697
(I)-Paul De Maisonneuve a noble of Chomeday, arrived New France 1641.
(I)-Jeanne Mance, b-1607, died June 19, 1673, Montreal, arrived Kebec this year.
The Pelletier brothers arrived Quebec; (I)-Guillaume Pelletier (1598-1657) and wife Michelle Mable (1592-1665) and brother (I)-Antoine Pelletier d-1647 drowned when his canoe capsized at Montmorency Falls
Some historians consider a colony of 240 people in 106 years since discovery as hardly representing a commitment by France towards New France.
(I)-Andre Bernard, b-1620, France arrived Acadia to work at Jemseg, Saint John River, (New Brunswick). Fort Jemseg fell in 1645 and Andre was expelled to France but he returned later. He married 1st about 1642 Kebec? an Indian; married 2nd Marie Andree Guyon (1618-1696)? daughter Francois Guyon. The Guyon clan arrived 1619. Marie Andree Guyon (1618-1696)? is recorded married 1637 Kebec, (I)-Charles Belanger b-1612 who arrived Kebec 1619.
TWO CHILDREN ARE RECORD as children (I)-Andre Bernard and Indian Woman
(II)-Michel Nicolas Bernard, Metis b-1662 and married Margurite Indian (1649-1671)
(II)-Rene Bernard, Metis b-1663
If this is correct this marriage likely occurred 1661? It’s also possible he had two Indian wives?
Nicolas Giffar is working among the Huron for the Jesuit.
Mathurin Parisien, Metis b-1641, baptized 1644 Trois Rivieres (Quebec) son Jean Parisien and Francoise Sauvagesse.
(II)-Jean Poirier arrived Acadia son (I)-Jean Poirier
The resident population of New France is two hundred and forty French, increased by 70 with the arrival of (I)-Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve (1612-1676) and (I)-Jeanne Mance (1606-1673)- all committed to sacrificing their lives in the service of God and their fellow man. These religious zealots would go on to establish Ville-Marie (Mountain of Montreal). Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), based on others advice, considered the project insane. They dubbed the project ‘The Foolish (Absurd) Enterprise’.
(I)-Charles Le Moyne de Longueuil (1626-1685) arrived New France to work for the Jesuit in Huron Country. It is believed that (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618/21-1696) also arrived in New France as a servant of the Jesuit whom he remained indentured to until 1646.
The Puritans of Massachusetts established the Body of Liberties and the General Fundamentals of the Plymouth Colony. Liberty included jury trial, no taxation without representation, free elections, no one deprived of life, liberty or property- save by due process of law or those compelled to incriminate themselves. Torture and cruel and barbarous punishment are prohibited. Foreigners are assured equal protection of the law, and cruelty to animals is forbidden. As to cruelty to wives, a husband is forbidden to beat his wife unless in his own defense upon her assault. It is small wonder that the Jesuits would consider these English as more evil than the savage barbarians.
The Iroquois formally declared war against the French.
There are only an estimated 120 French settlers in all of Nova Scotia (Acadia). I am not sure if the same rules apply here as in New France a settler is one who is married and has children, not those married to indigenous women.
Fort Richelieu (Sorel, Quebec) is built this year.
St. Joseph de Sillery, Kabec is established with some 30 families, but is soon abandoned due to its vulnerability to Iroquois attacks. Some held out until 1655/56 when the Iroquois raids and fire finally destroyed the village.
(I)-Thomas Godfroy, Sieur de Normnville (d-1652) of Trois Rivieres, (Quebec) is captured by the Iroquois, but released later this year during peace negotiations. The Iroquois would later kill him in 1652.
(I)-Paul de Chromedey, sieur de Maisonneuve (1612-1676) with 40 Frenchmen began the construction of the Ville-Marie (Montreal) settlement.
It is reported in Paris that a vessel laden with girls (bound for New France) whose virtue had not the approval of any doctor; the Jesuit claim this is a false report. It is not stated if their virtue in question is not correct or if the vessel laden with girls is not correct. It is possible the exporting of the Kings Daughters started earlier than is commonly believed.
The Ursuline nuns wrote that the savages who were not christans were considered by them to be very stupid. The Augustinian nuns marveled that in the hospitals not even a slight quarrel has arisen, although the savages were in great pain. Those savages not once complained.
January 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Agnes Drouin, died November 8, 1641, Kebec son (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) and (II)-Anne Cloutier, died February 3, 1648, Kebec
February: Jesuits (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumont (Chaumonnot, Calvonotti) (1611-1693) returned to Ste Marie among the Huron from a visit to the Neutral Indians at Lake Erie.
February 10: I’Ange Gardien, marriage (II)-Antoine Trudel, died Nay 22, 1701, Montreal to (II)-Madeleine Gariepy, died November 17, 1695, Montreal.
February 12: Francois Marguerie and Thomas Godefroy is captured by the Hiroquois, (Iroquois) they are taken 17-18 days journey south, they are treated like the Savages own children. The Dutch provided clothing and other necessities to the prisoners. They were released later at Trois Rivieres (Quebec) during peace discussions.
February 13: (I)-Menou d’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) requested the return to France and the revoking of the commission of (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665). La Tour disobeyed and remained in Acadia. Thus started the Acadian civil war.
February 24: Kabec, birth, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, died August 26, 1687, Quebec son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: married October 19, 1665, Chateau Richer, Francoise Belanger
March 6, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jacques Godfroy, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, (1608-1681) and Marie Le Neuf b-1612-1688);
April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Nicolas Couillard, Metis died June 24, 1661, Quebec, son (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684);
May 9: Two ships with settlers for Ville-Marie (Montreal) departed France. Among the passengers are (I)-Jeanne Mance (1606-1673) and Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676)- the new Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal).
May 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Noel Boisse, died May 20, 1721 Quebec, son (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697): Married July 23, 1669, Quebec, Marie Morin
May 21: Kebec (I)-Francois De Re de Gand is chief of police in Kebec, died May 21, 1641.
May 27: A Great Fur Market is conducted at Trois Rivieres (Quebec).
June: Four ships arrive Kebec, the Gaston 100t captain G. Joubert, the Rene captain N. Pernet and unknowns.
June: Kabec, four ships arrived, the Gaston of 100 tonnage captain G. Joubert, the Rene 100 tonnage captain N. Pernet, two unnamed ships and a 5th ship arrived August with the first settlers for Ville-Marie (Montreal).
August 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Boucher daughter (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Quebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married January 12, 1655 Chateau Richer Louis Houde
August 8: (I)-Jeanne Mance (1606-1673) arrived in New France.
August 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Gagnon, died May 24, 1699, Quebec daughter (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620. Married April 26, 1654, Quebec, Jean Chapeleau.
August 23: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) and Marie Marguerie d-1700, epouse Moral de St. Quentin. Tanguay attributes three children to this marriage but the inventory dated August 21, 1651 lists no children.
August 20: So as not to lose perspective, the Huron Christian Church only contained 60 zealots.
September 2: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Racine, Metis, died January 5, 1675 Chateau Richer, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married November 10, 1653, Quebec, Simon Guyon
September 3: Kebec, marriage (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1626 son (I)-Martin Boucher 1589-1671) and Julienne Barry; married Florence Gareman, b-1629
September 20: Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676), the new Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal), arrived in New France.
September 25: Kebec, marriage (I)-Rene Mezeray aka Mezler, (1611-1695) to Helene Chastel; 2nd marriage Francoise Milot, died April 5, 1703, Pointe aux Trembles, espouse September 30, 1697, Quebec, Leonard Durord dit Lajeunesse; 3rd marriage October, 1645 Kebec, (II)-Nicole Gareman..
September 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Maheu, died October 19, 1641 Kebec, daughter (I)-Jacques Maheu, d-1663 and Anne Convent, epouse 1627, France (I)-Philippe Amiot and epouse September 10, 1666 Quebec, Etienne Blanchon
October 6: Kebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Damien, b-1611 to Marie Joly, b-1623
October 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine De Chavigny daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: married July 24, 1662, Kebec, Jean Lemoyne, epouse August 13, 1652, Kebec Jacques Gourdeau: et October 15, 1663, Kebec, Jacques Descailhant..
October 19: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis , died August 26, 1687, Quebec son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec. No marriage contract was found. (Francoise could be a Native or Metis? but most likely a sauvagesse): married October 19, 1665, Chateau Richer, Francoise Belanger
October 14: Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676), the new Governor of Montreal, arrived in Ville-Marie (Montreal) and assumed his duties.
November: (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) sent (I)-Nicolas Garcot de la Rochette to Boston to enter into treaty with the English which was only partially agreed to.
November 12: Kebec, death (I)-Andre Samson.
November 24: Kebec birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Bonhomme, died March 23, 1642 Kebec daughter (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679)
December 29: Kebec, birth (III)-Jeanne Sevestre, died January 5, 1648, Quebec son (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec.
1642
Three marriages, nine births and six deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
The mission Ville-Marie (Montreal) de la Province de Quebec is established this year. There are an estimated 200 residents of New France.
In the autumn of this year (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1648 and his future son-in-law (I)-Jean Paul Godefroy, who married 1646, (III)-Marie Madeline Le Gardeur, sailed for France. Their objective was two fold:
1. A petition for trading rights for Ville-Marie (Montreal)
2. A petition for the return of the Recollets, claiming the Jesuits are attending to the savages but not the French
They achieved the first with conditions, but lost the second.
(II)-Laurent Archambault, (Metis?) b-1642, son (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married January 7, 1660, Ville-Marie (Montreal) Catherine Marchand. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
(II)-Felix Aubert (Auber) b-1642, died February 20, 1690, son (I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) and Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English; married April 15, 1670 Chateau Richer, Claire Francoise Thibault
Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Auber, died December 8, 1687, Batiscan, daughter (I)-Francois Auber and Anne Fauconner, died November 30, 1676, L’Ange Gardien, eglise: married 1681 Jacques Dubois
Port Royal; (I)-Jean Blanchard b-1611 married about 1642, Port Royal (II)-Radegonde Joy Lambert b-1621/1629 (Metis). d-1686, daughter (I)-Jean Antoine Lambert and Marie Radegonde Kagijonais a MicMac;
(I)-Francois L’Esguillon dit Lachapelle is at Sillery this year.
(I)or(II)-Pierre Martin married 1642 Madeleine Panis or Pavis: Panis evolved from Pawnee meaning Indian slave and later any slave in New France, Tanguay appears to be confused on these two entries, he says they were both born LaRochelle, France however he also records Panis to mean Savage. I highly suspect this family line is Metis, likely a Savage slave shipped to France, educated, baptized and returned to Kebec. Someone else will have to track this one down! (III)-Madeleine Martin, Metis married Nicolas Frangey, daughter of Pierre (See 1624, very interesting?)
THREE CHILDREN ARE RECORDED
(III)-Charles Martin, Metis b-1648, married Catherine Dupuy; 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Marie Batanville a Boucherville
(III)-Pierre Martin, Metis b-1643, died October 9, 1713 Ste Foye
(III)-Madeleine Martin, Metis, married Nicolas Frangey
One birth is (II)-Germain Morin (1642-1702) who will become the first Canadian born priest.
Most habitants of Kebec now produce wheat, rye, peas, barley and other grains to last 6 months, some only 5 months. Others suggest wheat was not introduced until 1644.
This past winter the French colony had enjoyed good health. The first ship to arrive Kebec informed that the supply ship from France had been sunk or captured by the Dunkirkers.
Jules Cardinal Mazarin became Chief Minister of France following the death of Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642). Fort Richelieu is established at the mouth of the Richelieu River, Quebec. The death of Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642), a Jesuit, who had absolute control over New France, saw the Jesuits attempt to regain this political power by any means possible for the next 60 years plus.
Queen Mother Anne of Austria responded to the appeals of the Society of Ville-Marie (Montreal) and sent forty soldiers to Ville-Marie (Montreal) to deal with the Iroquois problem that was created by the French to isolate the Iroquois and therefore the Dutch from the Indian Fur Trade.
The Jesuit Father (I)-Charles Raymbault or Raimbault (1602-1642) died at Fort Kebec of an illness.
(I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642), the wonder man, Commissary General at Kabec, after spending 35 years in New France, drown near Sillery, (Quebec) as he didn’t know how to swim.
The Sillery Indian Reserve, at this time, contained thirty families; making up one hundred and fifty people. (I)-Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve (1612-1676), a soldier, on authority of the Jesuit, established a mission, Ville Marie, replacing the Algonquian historic settlement site of Hochelaga and the free trader haven that is later to become the Mountain of Montreal. The Jesuit Father (I)-Barthelemy Vimont (1594-1667) hoped this move would strangle the Coureurs des Bois main trading route with the savages and limit their expansion and exploration. No trade, however, exists for the next two season between the Georgian Bay Jesuit and the mission of the Mountain of Montreal, Jesuit traders.
Fort Maisonneuve (Montreal) is established by (I)-Paul de Maisonneuve (1612-1676) at Point Calliere near the ancient site of Hochelaga.
The Jesuit attempt to humiliate the Nipissing Algonkins religious beliefs, calling them superstitious and licentious in their beliefs arousing much opposition and even threatened him with physical harm. This is significant as these People are known to be slow to anger and very tolerant of other opinions.
The harquebus are traded to the Christian Savages but refused in trade to the infidel Savages. The trade decision is hereby given to the Jesuit at the peril of the colony.
The Agneronons live between Trois Rivieres and the Upper Hiroquois (Iroquois) who comprise 700 to 800 men of arms. They trade with the Dutch and have acquired 300 arquebuses (harquebus). They prey on the Huron who have not a single aquebuses (harquebus) because the Jesuit will not allow their trade to the Huron infidels. The beaver obtained from raids on the Huron is used to buy more powder, shot and guns. The Dutch have been encouraging the Hiroquois to drive the French from the New World.
Since the neophytes proclaimed their faith they have been visited by extraordinary misfortunes, pestilence, famine and war. The Christian neophytes say “you tell us that God is full of goodness; and then we give, ourselves up to him, he massacres us. The Iroquois do not believe in God, they are more wicked than demons; and yet they prosper.” The Jesuit say: God uses the Iroquois as a whip, in order to correct you. The Savages say then why did he not begin with the Iroquois? Why did he not try to give them sense first? The Jesuit say few persons go to paradise without passing through the fire of purgatory.
Self flagellation is being encouraged by the Jesuit at Sillery, Kabec for the Savages.
The drum is banned among the Christian Savages at Sillery, Kabec as they represent forbidden superstitions. The Jesuit say by giving up the drum they renounce the Devil.
Among the prisoners is little Therese, the seminarist of the Ursulines, is much sought after in marriage, her uncle named Joseph escaped to tell the tail. The Ursuline convent is completed this year. Marie de I’Iincarnation reported they had 48 pupils. It was not uncommon for Frenchmen to convince girls into country marriages and escape into the bush. After all the girls were being educated for marriage to Frenchmen.
The parish Montreal aka Notre Dame de Montreau is established this year.
January 2: A young Savage woman wishes to leave her husband and return to her people. Father de Quen (Dequen) (1603-1659), the masochist, had her seized and thrown into jail, to bring her to her duty. She was without food, fire, or covering, in the mid of winter, this being according to the Father enough to terrorize this poor creature and others.
February: Menou d’Aulnay ordered the arrest of (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) of Acadia for insubordination and perfidious conduct.
February 14: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) to Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695).
April 1: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Nicolet daughter (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) and Marguerite Couillard: married July 11, 1656, Quebec, Jean Baptist Le Gardeur
April 3: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Crevier Metis son (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; married November 26, 1663 Trois Rivieres Marguerite Hertel
April 12: Kebec, death (II)-Antoine Brossard b-1639 son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.
April 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Francoise Peltier, Metis died July 17, 1707, Ste. Foye, daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. August 17, 1654, Quebec, Jean Beriau; 2nd marriage October 11, 1655, Quebec, Sebastien Lienard
April 14: An eclipse on the moon occurred this evening in Kebec.
May 17: (I)-Paul de Maisonneuve (1612-1676), a soldier, (I)-Jeanne Mance (1606-1673), (I)-Mme de La Peltrie and other colonists arrived Montreal Island. One group of mystics called the Society of Notre Dame du Montreal (conceived in 1636) desires to establish a holy city in the wilderness. The Jesuits are against the venture, as is the Governor of Kebec. They label the enterprise as foolish. It would appear that (I)-Paul de Maisonneuve (born February 15, 1612 died 1676) is their leader. (Others suggest (I)-Paul Shamaul de Duneneff, a 32 year old soldier is their leader, but I was unable to find any verification of this man being in New France.) They purchase the Island of Montreal (in 1640 by Girard de la Chaussee) for their colony. They have 50 settlers to establish the first Ville-Marie (Montreal) Colony. They would labor for 20 years, but are not successful in maintaining a permanent religious settlement. They slowly drift from this settlement. Source is Jesuit Relations 1642 notes. (some value-adds were provided by Francine Bernier).
May 31: Kebec, birth (II)-Joseph Marsolet, Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre
June 1: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Brossard, died September 22, 1712, Quebec daughter (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: 1st married October 29, 1656 Kebec, Louis Fontaine: 2nd marriage May 2, 1703, Quebec, Jean LeNormand
June 9: Five Frenchmen, only 200 paces from Mont-Real are attacked. Three are beat to death on the spot and two are taken prisoner. They camped near Mont-Real with no fear of being attacked. The next day they crossed the river and 13 Huron are beaten to death. Eight or ten days later one Frenchman escaped to report that a number of French captives are tilling the soil for the Hiroquois (Iroquois).
June/July: Kebec, four ships landed, the Esperance 90 tonnage captain H. Langevin, the Saint Francois 130 tonnage captain J. Barraud, the Saint Nicolas 80 tonnage captain J. Richard and the Saint Pierre 80 tonnage captain G. Fincard.
July 3: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Francois Hertel, died May 31, 1722, Boucherville son (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) (who was captured by the Iroquois) and Marie Marguerie epouse Moral de St. Quentin: married July 3, 1664, Montreal, Marguerite De Thauvenet.
July 16: Kebec, birth (II)-Mathieu Cote, Metis, son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married 1669 Elizabeth Gravelle
June 22: Kabec, marriage Jean Brossier to Marguerite Banse.
August 2: The Jesuits (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646), Brother (I)-Guillaume Couture (Cousture) (1617-1702) and (I)-Rene Goupil (1608-1642), traveling Ste Marie among the Huron to Kabec, are captured by the Iroquois near Trois Rivieres (Quebec) along with twenty-two Wendat. (I)-Rene Goupil, (1608-1642) a young surgeon and companion of (I)-P. Jogues is beaten to death.
August 13: (I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653), with 100 men, built Fort Richelieu at the mouth of the Richelieu River to protect against the Iroquois.
September 10: Monsieur d’Alibour (D’Ailleboust), his wife and sister are at Ville-Marie (Montreal). Fort Richelieu is almost abandoned except for 8 or 10 soldiers.
September 29: (I)-Rene Goupil (1608-1742), a prisoner of war, is killed by the Iroquois after being observed making the sign of the cross over a Mohawk (Iroquois) child. Brother (I)-Guillaume Couture (d-1702) and Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1636) are spared and made prisoner, but later escape and flee to France in December 1643.
October: The English at Boston refused to get involved in the civil war in Acadia that was escalating.
October 9: Kebec, death (I)-Jean Nicolet, b-1598 drown near Kebec.
October 12: Kabec, birth (II)-Marguerite Bourdon, Metis, d-1693 Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
October 22: Father (I)-Charles Raymbault (Raimbault, Raymbault) (1602-1642) died this year.
October 29: Sillery, (I)-Jean Nicolet is at Sillery with (I)-Jean Ferre, died October 29, 1642, Kebec and (I)-Noel Girardeau, died October 29, 1642, Kebec.
November: The Atticameges who live 3-4 days to the North of the Saint Lawrence River arrived Sillery, Kabec in 13 canoes with 60 people to trade. They included their entire family, contrary to normal practice.
November 1: (I)-Jean Nicollet de Belleborne (1598-1642) interpreter and agent of the Company of Gentlemen of New France, being unable to swim, drown on his way to Trois Rivieres. He asked Monsieur de Savigny, who could swim, to look after his wife and daughter. He had been in New France for the past 25 years.
November 19: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Millouer dit Du Maine, b-1616 to 1st. Barbe Hubou child of Jean Hubou and Jeanne Goupil, de Du Mesnill Durant; married 2nd November 28, 1651, Quebec, Jeanne Le Roy, b-1626
1643
One marriages, fifteen births and five deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
LISTED AMONG THE FILLE DU ROI IN 1667 ?
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1643), married Pierre Pouillard, October 12, 1667
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1647), married Michel Verret, Michel, dit Laverdure, October 13, 1669 Michel Verret,
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1656), married 1672, Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre, 1672;
Possibility Marie Deschamps is a savague?
Venant Baubrian, Metis b-1643 son Pierre Baubrian b-1620, arrived Kebec 1643 and unknown, most likely a sauvagesse.
Kebec birth (II)-Guillaume Bonhomme, died March 14, 1710 Ste Foye son (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); 1st married October 30, 1664 Quebec Francoise Hachee; 2nd marriage 1704 Marie Therese Piron.
(I)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) served as a soldier at Fort Kebec (1643-1645), it would appear his Indian wife and family are living Trois Riveries.
(I)-Jean Chevalier, b-1629, died August 5, 1699 LaPrairie married 1643 Marguerite Le Normand: one child is recorded (II)-Jeanne Marguerite, b-1644, died November 25, 1716 Riviere Ouelle: married April 5, 1701 la Riviere Ouelle Jean Baptiste Deschamps.
(I)-Jacques De Cheurainville married Marguerite Baudon
(I)-Andre Crevier, a doctor is in Trois Rivieres this year.
(I)-Joseph Debeaune is living Trois Rivieres
Simeon Heron a servant of the Jesuits is at Kabec this year.
Marie Hirouin (Kirwin) a refuge from Scotland arrived Kebec from France in 1643, she returned to Dieppe but returned to Quebec in 1657.
Monsieur (I)-Nicolet, interpreter and agent of the gentlemen of the Company of New France, died in a shipwreck. He spent 25 years (1618-1643) in New France.
(III)-Pierre Martin, Metis b-1643, died October 9, 1713 Ste. Foye son (II)-Pierre Martin de St. Pierre Il d’Oleron and Madeleine Panis (Slave) de La Rochelle.
(I)-Pierre Mignot arrive Kebec this year and resided with the Ursulins seminars for savages until 1647 where he learned French and the gave him the name od dit Chatillon. He later gave them 300 livres.
(I)-Guillaume Tronquet is at Kebec 1643-1646
Ship list of colonists to Kebec in 1643
Guillaume Amette dit Bontemps, b-1608 de Rouen
Urbain Aubin dit Saint Aubin, b-1619 de Rouen
Jean Baudon dit Beloeillet, b-1623 de Lignieres in Berry
Jacques Bauricus, b-1623 de Montauban
Louis Bayard dit Larose, b-1623 de Normandy
Pierre Bonnet, b-1613, de Brouage
Jean Bucheton, b-1622 de Baignon close to Nates
Pierre Campion dit Lamote, b-1613 de Poitiers
Lazare Cauberch dit Champmartin, b-1618 de Saumur
Isaac Cousseau dit Laroche, b-1619 de LaRochelle
Charles Crestien dit Desmarais, b-1605 de Angers
Marc Antoine Galibart dit Colombier, b-1624 de Bordeaux
Jacques Gaynes dit Beauregard de Mortagne in Pole
Rene Gergault, b-1621 de Scaubon
Antoine Geroult dit Laviolette, b-1618 de Freiburg
Pierre Giraud dit Laplante, b-1605 de LaRochelle
Jacques Guesdon b-161617 de Brouage
Jean Hennequin dit Lapointe, b-1593 de Metz
Nicolas Herier, b-1607 de Brouage
Louis of Jard dit Sainte Catherine, b-1603 de LaRochelle
Francois Latour dit Sainte Marie, b-1615 de Nancy
Jean Laurent dit St. Lawrence, b-1621 de LaRochelle
Martin Leroux, b-1591 de Castle de Dormouse
Pierre Lostellier dit Lapree, b-1610 de Cormecluze close to Coze in Saintonage
Isaac Mainvielle b-1613 de Freiburg
Pierre Papinet dit Perodiere, b-1588 de Parthenay in Poitou
David Pariset dit Francoeur, b- 1623 de Lausanna in Switzerland
Forier Peredeau dit Laviolette, b-1618 de Chair the Viscount
Jean Potet dit LaFortune, b-1624 de Lucerne
Nicolas Rouillon dit Pensee, b-1615 de Serras in Lyonnais country
Jacques Roy, b-1611, de Echillais in Saintonge
Andre Savrignac, b-1611 de LaRochelle
Map of New France
New FranceCardinal Mazarin (1643-1661), age 41, assumed Cardinal Richelieu’s position and policies in the governing of France and New France. The Jesuit Father (I)-Leonard Garreau (1609-1656), Father (I)-Gabriel Druilletes (1610-1681), Father (I)-Martin de Lyonne and Father (I)-Noel Chabanel (1613-1649) arrived at Fort Kebec.
The Dutch Governor, Kieft, disliked the Algonquian tribes along the Hudson River. This year, unprovoked, he massacred the peaceful Wecquaesgeek tribe at Pavonia, sparking off a war. The Royal Dutch Company replaced him with Peter Stuyvesant who had a bad temper and autocratic methods.
Eight years ago one could see 80-100 cabins, now we see barely 5-6, a captain had 800 warriors, now 30 or 40, a fleet of 300 to 400 canoes, now we see 20 or 30, the remnants of the Huron Nation now consists almost entirely of women, widows and girls, who cannot find lawful husbands.
At this time, most French households in the French colony of Kebec maintained a six month supply of wheat, rye, peas, barley and other grains necessary to life of man.
(I)- Pierre de Voyer d’Argenson (1612-1660) played a leading role in the newly established Ville-Marie (Montreal, Quebec).
Ville-Marie (Montreal) had grown from 50 people to 70 people by this year.
Fort Amsterdam, New Holland contained 60 soldiers on the Island of Manhttes and their resides about 400 to 500 men of various sects and nations. Forty Hollanders were killed this year and their houses were burned by the savages. New colonists are furnished with horses, cows etc. which they must pay back when they are established, and 10% of their produce to The Company of the West Indies.
New Holland is limited on the north, New England, side by a river called the Fresh River aka. Quinnehtukgut (land of the long tidal river) discovered 1614 by Allen Block, a Dutchman. The English prefer to settle on the Dutch side because the English Milords, extract rents and like to put on airs of being absolute. On the other side to the south has a river called South River aka. Delaware, discovered 1609 by Hendrik Hudson, 1st settled 1623 Fort Nassau (Gloucester, New Jersey). In 1638 a Swedish settlement is established across the Delaware called Fort Christiana (Wilmington, Delaware). The Swedish settlement is being supplied by Amsterdam Merchants much to the consternation of the habitants.
The Savages killed a few Dutch settlers and the Dutch retaliated by savagely killing 50 men, women and even little children. The Savages then retaliated by killing 40 Dutch farmers and burning their houses. The Dutch fielded 600 soldiers who worked in shifts killing 1,600 men, women and children. The Savages were appalled at such barbarianism and were forced to to make peace or be annulated. It is noteworthy that early encounters with the natives suggested that women and children were immune from harm even during times of war.
Louis d’Ailleboust commanded additional colonists to the Island of Montreal settlement and named the settlement Ville-Marie
Roger Williams governor Rhode Island wrote: nasaump is a kind of meale pottage. The English samp is corn, beaten and boiled and eaten hot or cold with milk or butter. The Acadians sweetened it with maple sugar or molasses. The Algonquian called it Narraganset and the Massachusetts called it saupaum both meaning ‘water softened’.
January 1: Kabec, birth, (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis, daughter, (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: married January 9, 1656, Quebec, Rene Chevalier: married January 9, 1656, Quebec, Rebne Chevalier
January 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Barbe Martin, Metis, died October 5, 1660 Chateau Richer, daughter of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611? see 1624 1609 & 1610; married January 12, 1655, Kebec, Pierre Biron
January 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Duquet, died October 13, 1687, Quebec son (I)-Denis Duquet (1605-1675) and Catherine Gautier, b-1627: Married August 25, 1666, Quebec, Anne LaMarre.
February 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Belanger daughter (I)-Francis Belanger b-1612 and (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696): married August 7, 1656 Kebec, Bertrand Chesne dit Lagarenne Sieur de Lothainville
March 27: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Charles Gareman son (I)-Pierre Gareman dit Garnier (in 1666 census) and Madeleine Charlot: married 1676, Marie Gonnentenne, Quebec Rene Mezeray.
April 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Sedilot daughter (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married October 23, 1651, Kebec, Jean Chenier: married 1st April 12, 1655, Montreal, Jean Aubuchon; married 2nd February 10, 1687Montreal Pierre Lusseau..
April 8: Kebec, birth (II)-Renee Gagnon, son (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620. married Quebec, Jean Ouimet
April 25, Trois Rivieres, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Godfroy, child of (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, (1608-1681) and Marie Le Neuf b-1612-1688);
May 1: Kebec, birth (III)-Jean Boucher son (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1626 and Florence Gareman, b-1629
May 3: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Gagnon, died October 27, 1699 Chateau Richer, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695). Marriage Quebec, Marguerite Racine.
May 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Madeleine De Chavigny daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married July 26, 1656, Quebec, Thomas Douaire Bondy: 2nd marriage November 19, 1671, Quebec, Jacques Alexis De Fleury.
May 31: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Maheu, died 1674 son (I)-Jacques Maheu, d-1663 and Anne Convent, epouse 1627, France (I)-Philippe Amiot and epouse September 10, 1666 Quebec, Etienne Blanchon: 1st married July 16, 1663, Quebec Marguerite Corriveau: 2nd marriage September 18, 1673 Chateau Richer, Mathurine Belanger.
June: (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) blockaded La Tour’s fort on the mouth of the St. John River. (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) received help from Boston and drove (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) ship back to Port Royal where it was beached in panic. A pinnace with 400 moose hides and a like number of beaver is captured from (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) and used to pay for the Boston help.
June 9: Montreal, death Bernard Berte de Lyon, killed by the Iroquois along with (I)-Guillaume Boissier and Laforest
June 22: Kebec, marriage Jean Brossier to Marguerite Banse
June 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Gagnon, daughter (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695).
July 21: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Jean Rousseau de Paris is killed by a discharge of a gun, he arrived Kebec 1636.
August: Kabec, Admiral Courpon led a fleet of 4 ships having lost a 5th on at sea. The Esperance at 90 tonnage Admiral S. Courpon of the Tour, the Saint Francois at 130 tonnage captain J. Barraud, the Madeleine at 80 tonnage captain J. Jouet, the Marie at 86 tonnage captain P. Metifeu, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage that arrived with supplies for Ville-Marie (Montreal).
September 20: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Boissel daughter (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697): 1st married October 6, 1657 Etienne Bouchard: 2nd marriage January 7, 1687, Quebec, Julien Joyan.
October 19: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Drouin, died October 4, 1710, Chateau Richer daughter (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) to (II)-Anne Cloutier, died February 3, 1648, Kebec: married April 24, 1656, Quebec, Romain De Trepagny
November 21: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Leblanc, b-1620 to Euphrasie Madeleine Nicolet, b-1636: epouse February 22, 1663, Quebec, Elie Dusceau
November 29: Kebec, death Marguerite Lesage wife of (I)-Nicolas Pivert long time residents Kebec from before 1624.
December 26: Kebec, birth (II)-Noel Racine, Metis, son of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married September 12, 1667, Chateau Richer, Marguerite Gravelle.
1644
Four marriages, ten births and nine deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(II)-Marie Archambault, (Metis?) b-1644, daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married November 27, 1656, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Gilles Lauzon. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.
Kebec, birth (II)-Alexander Brossard, died January 14, 1688 Ste Famille son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.
(I)-Martin Duclos a soldat is at Kebec.
Jean Juchereau de la Ferte son Jean Junchereau seignereau du Maure married Marie Francoise, age 11 years, 5 months daughter sieur Giffard.
(I)-Jean Poisson married likely Kebec Jacqueline Chamboy b-1628, epouse Michel Pelletier de le Prade
Rhode Islanders proposed that unity can be achieved by adopting a common principle of religious liberty. Roger Williams of Rhode Island pushed this principle to the point of heresy among the Puritans when he proclaimed that maybe the Indian religion is equally acceptable to God as with Christianity.
Father d’Endemare wrote: It is almost impossible to make either peace or war with these barbarians (Iroquois). Not peace because war is their life, their amusement, and their source of profit all in one. Not in war because they make themselves invisible to those who seek them and only show themselves when they have heavy odds in their favor. Go to hunt them in their villages and they fade into the forest.
The Jesuits believed the Huron (Wendat) represented the door to the west, as far as China, that is full of Nations more populous than the Huron. Towards the south, we see other Peoples beyond number, to whom we can access only by means of this door at which we now stand.
Father (I)-Jacques Buteux (1600-1652) noted that the Captains of the Savages are very poorly obeyed by their People, because they use no violence. He encouraged them to use sticks on their backs.
Father (I)-Jacques Buteux (1600-1652) ordered the public beating of a Savage for beating his wife for an act of disobedience. The Jesuit appear unaware that violence begets violence.
An overly zealous neophyte, at Tadoussac, who shaves his head like the Jesuit, uses a whip of rope to beat the people to prayer, if they do not respond fast enough.
Madame de la Peltrie journied to Tadoussac to wintess the brutalities.
Father Ignace, a Jesuit responsible for the Mission at Tadoussac, represents the most infamous of the Black Robes. He believed that guided by the Holy Ghost, flagellation and whipping, as a penance, is to be inflected upon the Savages. The good Father provided the whip and the little children are stripped naked, before the alter of God, to receive up to twenty five blows for their transgressions. Some children were still at the breast. Some mothers used their rosaries to beat the children. The Jesuit considered this perverted practice as a Holy Ceremony. It is noteworthy that before the Jesuit arrived an Indian never raised a hand to any child, for any reason and the men offered themselves, for punishment, threatened against a French boy. This perverted European practice is surely the work of the Devil and a clear indication that the Jesuit walk in the Darkness. It is noteworth that a religious Nun in 2002 in Canada received 8 months in prison for doing the same things as Father Ignace. Father (I)-Jean De Quen (Dequen) (1603-1659) preceded Father Ignace and condoned the practice, Father (I)-Jacques Buteus (1600-1652) preceded Father (I)-Jean De Quen and also approved of this type of brutality. The fact that it was published suggests this was a common practice.
Queen Mother Anne of Austria responded to the appeals of the Society of Montreal and sent 60 soldiers to deal with the Iroquois problem.
January: marriage, Kebec, (I)-Martin Prevost, b-1611, died January 26, 1691 to Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620 daughter Roch Manitouabewich and Outchibaha Manikoue, 2nd marriage November 8, 1665 (II)-Marie D’Abancour, b-1618, veuve de Godfroy Guillot.
February 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Cote, Metis, son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: 1st married November 11, 1669, Kebec, Anne Couture: 2nd marriage February 25, 1686, Kebec, Genevieve Verdon.
March 19: Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Peltier daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married January 29, 1659, Quebec Noel Jeremie.
March 30: (I)-Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve and 30 settlers repelled a large war party of Iroquois intent on taking Ville-Marie (Montreal). (I)-Guillaume Lebeau died this day killed by the Iroquois, as was Pierre Bigot and Jean Mattemasse
April 11, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jeanne Godfroy, died June 28, 1713, Quebec daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie LeNeuf b-1612-1688);
April 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Boucher daughter (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married November 6, 1656 Kebec, Charles Godin
April 29: Father (I)-Francesco Gioseppi Bressani (1612-1672) is captured by the Iroquois near Fort Richelieu, at the mouth of the Richelieu River, but escaped and returned to France in November 15.
May 1: Kebec, marriage (I)-Masse Joseph Gravelle (1616-1686) to Marguerite Tavernier (1627-1697)
May 5: Kabec, birth Charles Brossier son Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.
May 15: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Masse to (II)-Marie Pinel De La Chenaire
May 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Cesar Leger and 1st marriage Roberte Gadois; 2nd marriage August 26, 1647, Kebec Marguerite Berard.
June: Kabec, five ships arrived, the Dauphin at 200 tonnage captain Baudouin, the Saint Clement at 120 tonnage captain J. Guyonneau, the Vierge at 120 tonnage captain H. Bourget, an unnamed ship admiral Courdon and the Nortre Dame at 250 tonnage for Ville-Marie (Montreal).
June 4: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Jolliet child (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) and Marie D’Abancour dite La Caille
July 25: Kebec, birth (III)-Catherine Sevestre, died January 24, 1670, Quebec daughter (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec.
July 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Martin Etienne, Metis, died September 10, 1644, Kebec son (I)-Claude Etienne b-1610 and (II)-Helena Martin, Metis b-1627, epouse September 3, 1647, Kebec, Jean Chouard
August 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Marsolet, Metis, daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1601-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married September 4, 1662, Quebec, Michel Guyon
August 29: Kabec, birth (II)-Anne Bourdon, Metis, died November 4, 1711 Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
September 7: Twenty two soldiers are dispatched to the Huron Country for one season.
October 8: Hotel Dieu is opened at Ville-Marie (Montreal) by Jeanne Mance.
October 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Sedilot daughter (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married 1st, August 16, 1660, Quebec, Julien Trotier; married 2nd, Rene Blanchet
November 3: Kebec, marriage (I)-Martin Prevost, b-1611, died January 26, 1691 Beauport to Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665), daughter Roch Manitouabewich and Huron wife and was the adopted child of (I)-Oliver Tardif (Letardif) (1601-1665) and was living with (I)-Guillaume Hubou and Marie Rollet, veuve (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627). Others suggest the marriage was January 3, 1644 and the witness were (I)-Oliver Letardiff (1601-1665) and (I)-Quillaume Couillard, d-1663. Prevost second marriage November 8, 1665, Quebec (II)-Marie D’Arancour, b-1618, Veuve October 9, 1639, Kebec, Jean Jolet and veuve October 19, 1651, Kebec, de Godfroy Guillot dit Lavalet. (II)-Marie was daughter (I)-Adrien D’Abancour, dit Lacaille and Simone D’Orgeville, b-1589, died January 14, 1649. Some suggest this was the first ‘recorded’ marriage between a Frenchman and a savage.
1645
Four marriages, ten births and one death are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Ambroise Cauvert, A Jesuit lay brother is at Kebec this year.
(I)-Charles Chevalier a surgeon, is resident in 1645 at Trois Rivieres, married a sauvagesse?, but not named. One child is recorded (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis, married Quebec, November 4, 1659, Quebec, (II)-Pierre Pinguet, b-1630, died April 22, 1704 Ste. Foye, Quebec.
(I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers, (1618/21-1696), worked for the Jesuits (1645-1646) at Ste Marie in Huronia.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Crevier Metis daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; 1st married May 14, 1757 Trois Rivieres Jacques Fournier; 2nd marriage 1663 Michel Gamelin; 3rd marriage August 21, 1683 Boucherville Francois Renou
(I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 married about 1645, likely Trois Rivieres, marriage is to Jeanne Aunois aka (Nounau?), of the Indian Nation, (Algonquaine?) b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres.
(I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie b-1606 Governor Trois Rivieres (1645-1648) and (1650-1651)
(I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) married likely 1645 Trois Rivieres to (II)-Jeanne Mechin, Metis b-1630 likely daughter (I)-Jean Mechin drown November 6, 1626 on his way to Trois Rivieres and unknown mother likely Indian or Metis..
New France only contained 600 residents and a few hundred engages (indentured slaves). In comparison, this is smaller than a single large Iroquois village. The New France culture, the grand utopian plan of Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642), just did not appeal to the French citizens. Freedom was not an option that the Roman Catholic Church was willing to offer.
Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653) forbade the Algonquin and Wendat to torture their Iroquois prisoners because they would be disgraced to be outdone in clemency. Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1636-48) is recalled to France as the colonists and Maisonneuve of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) are not pleased with his governorship. (I)-Louis d’Ailleboust, seigneur de Coulonge et d’Argenteny (born about 1612 Ancy-le-Franc, France died 1660 Ville-Marie (Montreal) became temporary Governor of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) (1645-1646).
(I)-Francois Marguerie, an interpreter, married and settled down at Trois Rivieres. Later, (I)-Jean Amyot and (I)-Francois Marguerie are crossing the St. Lawrence River near their homes and are caught in a storm. Marquerie drown. (I)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) also settled at Trois Rivieres with his Indian girl and likely his Metis children..
The Hiroquois were on the Saint Lawrence River on a foray when Simon Pieskaret, a Captain of the Algonquin perceived them, he prepared an ambuscade and captured them, turning them as prisoners to the French.
January 23: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Brossard daughter (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: married March 4, 1658, Quebec, Jean Lemelin.
January 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Lafond, (1615-1665) to (II)-Marie Boucher, d-1706.
January 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Pepin, Sieur De Lafond b-1615, died September 15, 1665 Trois Riviers; married (II)-Marie Boucher (1630-1706) daughter (I)-Gaspard Boucher
February: (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) received word from two Friars that La Tour’s fort was only defended by 50 men. He lost no time in attacking the fort but on first encounter lost 20 men with 13 wounded before he withdrew.
February 6: Kebec, marriage (I)-Claude L’Archeveque to Marie Simon
February 12: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Gagnon, daughter (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620. married November 16, 1661, Chateau Richer, Jean Caron
March 6: The Company of New France agreed to assign its fur trade monopoly to the Kabec based Compagnie des Habirants or Habitants Company. Fifteen businessmen, frustrated with the Jesuit control of trading, created the Compagne des Habitants, (Habitants Company) reserving its rights of ownership over all fur trade of New France. The Jesuits suggest the onerous cost of settlement caused the transfer of the Company of New France to the Habitants of New France, but that they retained their seigniorial rights. It is noteworthy that the peasants, servants and slaves were not called inhabitants until the late 17th century. The French colony established a Canadian Company (Community of the Habitants of New France) to restore the fur trade and finally received the blessing of the Jesuit. An overriding royalty of 1,000 pounds of fur is to be paid annually to the old company. Over sixty Wendat (Huron) boat loads of furs arrived at the mission of the Mountain of Montreal, and, in 1646, this increased to eighty boats with thirty two thousand pounds of beaver pelts. At this time, the whole St. Lawrence valley contained only six hundred registered French and a few hundred engages. This is smaller than one large Native village. France, at this time, is still not encouraging immigration to New France. The Crown, however, sent engages or indentured workmen, bound for thirty-six months before they could became free. More than half of the several hundred engages who arrived each year over the next ten years would stay on in the colony. Many would escape their indenture by becoming Coureurs des Bois.
March 7: Quebec, birth, (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: 1st married November 6, 1662, Quebec, Louis Cote; 2nd marriage December 15, 1669, Quebec, Guillaume Lemieux.
March 23: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, daughter of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?, see 1624, 1609-1610; married November 12, 1658, Quebec, Jacques Rate
April: After years of blockades and sporadic fighting, (I)-Menou d’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) of France attacked (II)-Charles de LaTour’s (1595-1665) French stronghold of Fort Sainte Marie at St. John, New Brunswick. LaTour was in Boston seeking help, so his wife since 1640 (I)-Francoise Marie Jacquelin (1602-1645) with 45 men held the Fort for three days against the attacking army of 200 men. A Swiss guard was bribed and (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) army gained access to the fort. The advancing army however lost 12 killed and numerous wounded. Francoise agreed to surrender the fort under condition the garrison would be spared. Sieur Charnisay (1604-1650) agreed to the terms but upon possession he executed all the men except one who agreed to be the executioner. (I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650), went down in the annals of Acadia as a villain. Francoise being deceived and heart broken at the slaughter of her people died in a few short weeks. It is noteworthy that Charnisay was a cousin of (I)-Isaac de Razilly (1587-1636). This civil war effectively ruined both men and Charnisay was labeled as being hard, cruel and incapable of pity. He lost all his friends in France. He admitted taking 55,000 $ of worth of furs and probably got her personal 2,000 pounds. (I)-Charles D’Aulnay (1604-1650) also had the decency of sending her baby back to France after her death. Ironically (II)-Charles de LaTour’s (1595-1665) would marry his widow after (I)-Charles D’Aulnay (1604-1650) death.
April 13: (I)-Francoise Marie Jacquelin (1602-1645) surrendered Fort Sainte Marie at St. John, New Brunswick, and Menou d’Aulnay, an arrogant man, of France hanged most of the surviving Frenchmen. Mme La Tour died soon afterwards. (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) of Acadia, by 1646, became a fur trader in Kabec; likely a Coureurs des Boise.
May 2: Sillery, birth (II)-Denis Masse son (I)-Pierre Masse & (II)-Marie Pinel De La Chenaire; married 1672 Catherine Pinel
June 5: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Michel Dodier son (I)-Sebastin Dodier and Marie Bonhomme
July 14: Peace is arranged by the arrogant Kiotsaton of the Iroquois, and the French and her allies by (I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653).
July 20, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Joseph Godfroy, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie LeNeuf b-1612-1688); married October 21, Trois Rivieres Catherine Poulain
August 5: Kabec, five ships arrived the Cardinal at 300 tonnage, the Saint Sauveur at 150 tonnage captain Jean Paul Godefroy, two unnamed ships and the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage for Ville-Marie (Montreal) captain Charles Le Gardeur def Tilly.
August 7: Kebec, death (I)-Jacques Boisseau, b-1630
August 9: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Joseph Fafard son (I)-Bertrand Fafard dit Laframboise, b-1620, died November 3, 1660, Trois Rivieres and Marie Sedilot, b-1627, epouse February 16, 1681, Trois Rivieres, Rene Benard
August 29: Kebec, birth (II)-Joseph Giffard d-1706 son (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668) and Marie Renocard b-1659; married October 22, 1663 Quebec Michelle Therese Nau
August 29, the Journal of the Jesuits noted:
“Those who returned this year from the Hurons were Pierrot Cochon, Gilles Bacon, Daniel Carteron, Jean Le Mercier des Groseillers, Racine & Eustache Lambert who was a donne and had to go back & in fact he went back with the above said named; & in addition he was in charge of two calves”.
September: (I)-Pierre Pijart, Jesuit is at Trois Rivieres
September 2: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Hertel daughter (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) (who was captured by the Iroquois) and Marie Marguerie epouse Moral de St. Quentin: married October 29, 1658, Trois Rivieres, Louis Pinar
September 7: The 22 soldiers from the Huron Country returned with 60 Huron Canoes, laden with beaver. Most if not all soldiers are involved in the fur trade.
September 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Louis Jolliet son (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) and Marie D’Abancour dite La Caille: married October 7, 1675, Quebec, Claire Francoise Bissot.
October: Nicolas Giffar is working among the Huron for the Jesuit since 1641. He agreed this year to work with Master Zacharie, a carpenter, for the next 5 years and both profit in beaver.
October: Kebec, marriage (I)-Rene Mezeray aka Mezler, (1611-1695) to 1st September 25, 1641, Kebec, Helene Chastel; 2nd marriage 1645 Francoise Milot, died April 5, 1703, Pointe aux Trembles, espouse September 30, 1697, Quebec, Leonard Durord dit Lajeunesse; 3rd marriage October, 1645 Kebec, (II)-Nicole Gareman..
October 10: Kebec, marrage (II)-Nicole Madeleine Gareman son of (I)-Pierre Gareman aka Garnier and Madeleine Charlot: married Rene Mezeray
October 10: Kebec, marriage Rene Mezeray to (II)-Nicole Madeleine Gareman b-1631 Kebec? daughter (I)-Pierre Gareman dit Garnier (in 1666 census) and Madeleine Charlot:
October 17: Chrestiennaut was sent to Trois Rivieres in the employ of the Jesuits. He had come to New France in the employ of Monsieur de Repentigny and was discontented, so he had resolved to retreat to the woods rather than go back to France. He was not under written contract.
October 26: Kebec, marriage (I)-Francois Marguerie d-1648 married (II)Louise Clotier (Cloutier) the daughter of Master (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, b-1631 and Xainte Dupont(1596-1677): epouse November 10, 1648, Kebec Jean Mignot.
October 26: Chateau Richer, marriage (II)-Louise Cloutier, b-1621, died June 22, 1699, Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680): 1st married October 26, 1645 Chateau Richer, Francois Marguerie: 2nd marriage November 10, 1648, Kebec, Jean Migot: 3rd marriage February 3, 1684, Chateau Richer, Jean Mataut
October 29: Five vessels departed New France with 20,000 pounds weight beaver skins for the habitants and 10,000 for the General Company.
November: Wood is being sold for the first time in Kebec.
November 7, Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Delaunay, b-1616 died November 28. 1654 killed by the Iroquois, and (II)-Francoise Pinguet, d-1661, daughter (I)-Louis Henri Pinguet (1588-1671) and Louise Bouche, d-1649; epouse February 8, 1655 Vincent Poirier, .
November 7: Monsieur (I)-Pierre Delaunay, b-1616, who arrived Kebec 1636 married (II)-Francoise Piguet (Pinguent) daughter (I)-Louis Henri Pinguet (1588-1671) and Louise Bouche, d-1649; 2nd marriage of (II)-Francoise Piguet (Pinguent) February 8, 1655, Quebec, Vincent Pierre.
November 7: Kebec, marriage Pierre Launay (1645-1654) to (II)-Francoise Bouchier (1625-1661) daughter (I)-Louis Henry Pinguet (1590-1671) and (I)-Louise Lousche Boucher b-1589; 2nd marriage of Francoise 1655 Vincent Poirier
November 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Fransoise Duquet, died September 15, 1719, Quebec daughter (I)-Denis Duquet (1605-1675) and Catherine Gautier, b-1627: 1st married January 19, 1660, Quebec, Jean Madry: 2nd marriage September 14, 1670, Quebec, Oliver Morel De La Durantaye
November 12: Kebec, marriage Nicolas Macard married Marguerite espouse Jean Nicolet the explorer.
November 15: A notice is posed at Trois Rivieres that no one is to trade with the savages. The Jesuit at Kebec are concerned it might apply to them also.
November 15: Vimont obtains des Chastelets’s consent that the prohibition of trade with the Indians does not apply to the Jesuit fur trade, but they are told they must carry it out quietly.
November 21: The vessel that operates between Kebec and Trois Rivieres was wrecked this year with a loss of 9 men. Much of the cargo was saved.
November 21: Kebec: marriage (II)-Jean Juchereau De La Ferte, d-1685 to (II)-Marie Francoise Giffard, died August 11, 1665, Quebec daughter (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599:
November 23: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Belanger, died January 22, 1703 Quebec, daughter (I)-Francis Belanger b-1612 and (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696): 1st married November 19, 1663 Chateau Richer, Antoine Berton dit Chatillon: 2nd marriage December 13, 1666 Chateau Richer, Louis Levasseur
November 27: Kebec, marriage (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson, b-1620, died January 14, 1692/94, Chateau Richer son of (I)-Jean Gui (Guyon), d-1663 and Mathureine Robin, d-1662: married (II)-Elizabeth Couillard, born February 9, 1631, Kebec, died April 5, 1704 Chateau Richer, daughter (II)-Guillaume Couillard, and (II)-Guillemette Herbert;
1646
Four marriages, sixteen births and 15 deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Guillaume Couture (Cousture) (1617-1702) is believed to have country married an Iroquois woman during his captivity but proof is lacking.
Michel Blanot dit Lafontaine married (I)-Elizabeth De Lugny, b-1627
(II)-Marie Lefebvre, Metis, likely born 1646, Trois Riviers or in the wild, daughter (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married Andre Martel.
Kebec, birth (II)-Jacquess Boissel, died June 2, 1674, Quebec, son (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697)
(I)-Charles Drouillar, a farmer arrived Kebec
Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Gagnon, died August 10, 1687 Ste. Anne, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695). married 1669 Chateau Richer, Barbe Fortin
Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Poulain, daughter (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) and Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687): married Pierre Mauffis.
(II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis (1640-1710) was often in Trois-Rivieres and is considered a true Coureur des Bois. He married at least three times, one being Elizabeth Hainault, 1656, Trois Rivieres, daughter Madeleine Hainault; another one being the daughter of one of the Kirke Brothers, John Kirke, in England. He likely had many country wives during his long life in the country. He had at least 9 known children and became a citizen of England in 1687. (See Radisson 1631)
Peace, Union, and concord have flourished this year in the Island of Montreal.
During a religious procession, one’s profession represented their social standing in the following order: carpenters, masons, sailors, toolmakers, brewers and bakers, naturally the clergy are first.
The Superstitions and the Sorcerers (medicine men or sometimes those not Christian) are banished from Saint Joseph at Sillery, Kabec.
Jesuit (I)-Father Gabriel Lalemant (1610-1649) arrived in Fort Kabec. (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseillier (1618-1696?) had become a disciple of the Jesuit fathers and is serving as a lay assistant at their Wendat (Huron) mission near Georgian Bay.
Free-traders are again threatening the viability of the General Company of New France. The King of France decreed that all trade goods shall be placed in the public stores and consigned by the Company merchants. Public stores shall be located at Fort Kabec, Trois Rivieres and Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal). Any goods imported and used as trade goods are subject to confiscation and the revoking and annulling of all passports. Trading of wine and brandy with the Indians is under penalty of corporal punishment.
(II)-Charles La Tour, (1595-1665) visited Kebec to a hero’s welcome, he had lost but won the hearts of the people and this was not lost on France.
(I)-Guillaume Couture (1617-1702) , judge of the Cote Lauzon, and faithful companion of P. Jogues. In 1646 at Trois Riveres made a feast for the sauvage P. Jhandich an Iroquois. He was given the name Acrika by Mr Nicolet to the joy of the Huron, Algonquins and Aunieonous.
Those who returned from the interior, Huronia, to Trois Rivieres this year are:
Pierrot Cochon (Cauchon)
(I)-Gilles Bacon, d-1654, married 1647 Kebec, Marie Tavernier, b-1632
Daniel Carteron
Jean Le Mercier
(I)-Desgrosillers – (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618-1696)
(I)-Racine – likely (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607, married May 22, 1638 Kebec, (II)-Marguerite Martin, born January 4, 1624, Kebec, d-1679.
(I)-Eustache Lambert (1618-1673), married about 1656 Marie Laurence (1632-1686)
January 14: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean L’Archeveque, died April 6, 1699, Quebec son (I)-Claude L’Archeveque and Marie Simon
January 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve De Chavigny, died April 21, 1724, Quebec, daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married May 2, 1660, Quebec, Charles Amiot: 2nd marriage October 23, 1680, Quebec, Jean Baptiste Couillard
February 1: Father (I)-Anne de Noue (1587-1646), a Jesuit of noble birth, left Trois Rivieres for Fort Richelieu, about 40 miles away, but lost his way, just outside the Fort and perished in the snow. He was not properly dressed, had no blanket or matches and ventured out in the middle of the night without a Savage guide. The balance of his party arrived next day at Fort Richelieu and went in search of the good Father.
March 17: Kebec, birth (III)-Elizabeth Boucher, died September 24, 1685, Quebec, daughter (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1626 and Florence Gareman, b-1629: married October 21, 1659, Quebec, Denis Guyon
April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Peltier, died December 17, 1717, Quebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. November 5, 1663, Quebec, Vincent Verdon; 2nd marriage Thomas Lefebvre.
May 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Noel Cote, Metis, son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married Helene Graton
April 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jacques Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin, Metis b-1630; married November 16, 1671 Trois Rivieres, Jeanne Caiet
May 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean LaFond son (I)-Etienne LaFond, (1615-1665) and (II)-Marie Boucher, d-1706: 1st marriage Catherine Senecal: 2nd marriage August 28, 1697, Batiscan, Catherine Ananontha.
June 11: Beauport, was made the separation of two sharecropper farmers of the Jesuit lands at Beauport but (I)-Thomas Hayot stayed by agreement.
June 18: Kebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Martin dit Montpellier, d-1659 to (III)-Denise Sevestre, b-1628, died December 14, 1700 Quebec, daughter (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec: (III)-Denise 2nd marriage August 4, 1659, Quebec, Phillippe Hepveu.
July: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptist Trotter, died May 24, 1703, Batiscan, son (I)-Jules Gilles Trotter, b-1691, died May 10, 1655, Trois Rivieres and Catherine Loiseau, b-1596, died January 25, 1656, Trois Rivieres.
July 8: Charite (1641-1646), a Savage, is buried at the French cemetery, where her father is buried, implying she is a Metis.
July 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Racine Metis, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married November 22, 1661, Chateau Richer, Noel Symar.
September/October: Four ships arrived Kebec, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage captain Pierre Legardeur de Repentigny, the Saint Sauveur or Neuf at 150 tonnage captain Paul Godefroy, the Petit Saint Christrophe at 50 tonnage captain I. Richard and the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage for Montreal captain Charles Legardear de Tilly.
September: Kebec (I)-Pierre Deschamps, b-1615, died October 2, 1695 Baliscan arrived Kebec.
September 24: Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646) and (I)-Jean De La Lande d-1646, a Jesuit woodsman, set out on another peace mission. They are abandoned by their Huron guard at Fort Richelieu. Not taking the hint, they press on and are taken prisoner by the Iroquois.
September 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married 1st. April 30, 1652 Mathieu D’Amours? married Francois Guyon..
September 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Trottier, died May 25, 1703, Batiscan son (I)-Jules Trotier (1590-1655) and Catherine Loyseau, d-1663.
October 3: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Paul Godfroy to (II)-Marie Madeleine Le Gardeur daughter (I)-Pierre Le Gardeur De Repentigny, lieut. goverueur, d-1675 and Marie Favery, died September 20, 1675 Kebec
October 18: Quebec, birth, (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec:
October 18: Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646) is put to death, and on October 19, (I)- Jean De La Lande d-1646, a Jesuit woodsman, is put to death by the Mohawk, claiming the Jesuit sorcery tainted their corn crops and the spread of smallpox. The Wendat prisoners in the camp confirm their sorcery. The Iroquois believed that the French intended to destroy the Iroquois as well as the Wendat. It is noteworthy that the Roman Church considered sorcery justifiable grounds for execution during this period.
October 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Goulet, died December 14, 1646, Kebec, daughter (I)-Jacques Goulet (1615-1688) (who worked at the mill of Mr. Deschatelets) and Marguerite Maillier b-1631
November 4: Kebec, birth Marguerite Brossier died November 18, 1646 Kebec daughter Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse
November 6: (I)-Jean Mechin drown on his way to Trois Rivieres and is likely the father of Jeanne Mechin b-1630 who married 1645 Trois Riviers (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne b-1607 who arrived Trois Riviers 1633-1634?
November 6: Trois Rivieres, boat hit a tree and sunk. Ten men died:
(I)-Jean Basque – (I)-Jean Fleury – (I)-Jean Fougereau – (I)-Jean Mechin – (I)-Jacques Arenaine de Tours – (I)-Guillaume La Sue – (I)-Jacques Cleque – (I)-Lafontaine – (I)-Goualt – (I)-Gaspard.
November 6: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Francois Gaspard Gouault arrived Kebec for Trois Rivieres.
November 12: Kebec, marriage (I)-Nicolas Macard dit Champagne, d-1659 to (II)-Marguerite Couillard, died April 20, 1705 Quebec, veuve Jean Nicolet
November 13: Two Frenchmen from Ville-Marie (Montreal) are carried away by the barbarian Iroquois.
November 18: Kabec, birth Marguerite Brossier, died November 18, 1646, Kebec, daughter Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.
November 20: Kebec, birth (III)-Charles Sevestre, died April 9, 1661, drowned, Montreal, son (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec.
November 25: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Jean Veron de Grandmenil du Bourg de Livaro, en Normandie to (II)-Marguerite Hayet dit Radisson, b-1632 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Radisson de St. Malo and Madeleine Heraut: Marguerite epouse August 24, 1653, Quebec, (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/21-1696) and (II)-Helene Martin. (II)-Marguerite Radisson was living with (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot (1608-1681) prior to this date. She is said to have two half sisters (II)-Francoise Radisson, b-1636, Elizabeth Radisson, b-1638 and one half brother, (II)-Pierre Radisson, b-1636, living in New France at this time.
1647
Fifteen marriages, nineteen births and eleven deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
LISTED AMONG THE FILLE DU ROI IN 1667 ?
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1643), married Pierre Pouillard, October 12, 1667
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1647), married Michel Verret, Michel, dit Laverdure, October 13, 1669 Michel Verret,
Marie Deschamps, (around in 1656), married 1672, Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre, 1672;
Possibility Marie Deschamps is a savague?
Port Royal, birth (II)-Martin Blanchard b-1647 Metis son (I)-Jean Blanchard b-1611and (II)-Radegonde Joy Lambert b-1621/1629 (Metis). d-1686, daughter (I)-Jean Antoine Lambert and Marie Radegonde Kagijonais a MicMac; married 1671 Marie Francoise Leblanc b-1653
Kebec birth (II)-Ignace Bonhomme, died April 22, 1711 Quebec son (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); married 1st January 12, 1671 Quebec Agnas Morin; 2nd marriage 1690 Anne Poirier
(I)-Mathieu Choret, died March 28, 1664, Quebec, married Sebastienne Veillon, b-1626, spouse August 25, 1664, Quebec, Pierre Aufroy
Nicolas Garnier, d-1646, Kebec is at Trois Rivieres this year.
Kebec, birth (II)-Francois Peltier son (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. about 1660 Quebec Dorothee La Sauvagesse, died April 13, 1661, Quebec; 2nd marriage September 26, 1661 Marguerite Mousseau
Kebec, marriage Julien Perrault to (II)-Marie Pelletier, daughter (I)-Guillaume Pelletier, b-1598 died November 28, 1657, Kebec and Michelle Morille (Mabile) (1592-1665)
(I)-Louis Prud’Homme, a bigamous, married 1647, Quebec to Anne Archambault, annulled 1651 as had wife in France. Not listed Tanguay.
La Prairie a seigniorial near Montreal was conceded to the Jesuits.
Father Ragueneau, a Jesuit, believes they have been too severe towards the Wendat: One must be very careful before condemning a thousand things among their customs, which greatly offend minds brought up and nourished in another world. It is easy to call irreligion what is merely stupidity and to take for diabolical working something that is nothing more than human, and then one thinks he is obliged to forbid as impious certain things that are done in all innocence or, at most, are silly but not criminal customs. This was certainly not the attitude of the other Jesuits. It is noteworthy that the Wendat found little in the Christian way of life that appealed to them over their own religion. The Jesuits attacked their most fundamental belief of freedom. They attempted to undermine the centuries old religious beliefs of the Indians, thereby destroying their culture. The French hold their religious beliefs and cultural beliefs as two separate things; the Wendat held them as one.
Only six Huron (Wendat) arrived Ville-Marie (Montreal) to trade due to fear of the Iroquois who are roaming the country.
A Frenchman, named Chastillon, urgently desires to marry an Indian girl educated by the Ursulines but she rejects him as she prefers a husband of her own people, following the wishes of her parents.
(I)-Menou D’Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) died and not a friend could be found to speak well of him. The words used to describe him were rapacity, cruelty and tyranny. (II)-Charles La Tour ventured to France and cleared his name and became absolute monarch of Acadia. Upon his return he married the widow of (I)-Menou D’Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) to secure his position.
The assassination of Piescaret an Algonquin chief, marked the decline of the Algonquin and Huron territory. The Iroquois reigned supreme in the greater part of known Canada until 1665.
January 7: Kebec birth Nicolas Hebert Aubert died May 14, 1657 Quebec
January 12: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jacques Lefebvre, Metis, died February 19, 1720, La Baie du Febvre son (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married November 11, 1670 Trois Rivieres
January 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Sedilot son (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married November 27, 1669, Quebec, Marie De La Hogue.
February 2: Kabec, birth (II)-Jean Francois Bourdon, Metis, son (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
February 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Drouin, daughter (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) to (II)-Anne Cloutier, died February 3, 1648, Kebec: married November 10, 1659, Quebec, Pierre Maheu
February 7: Kebec, birth Antoine Brossier died February 26, 1649 Kebec son Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse
February 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Gravelle, died September 29, 1677, Chateau Richer, son (I)-Masse Joseph Gravelle (1616-1686) and Marguerite Tavernier (1627-1697): married Madeleine Cloutier.
February 17: Kebec, birth (II)-Charlotte De Chavigny daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married November 6, 1668, Quebec, Renee Breton: 2nd marriage September 2, 1709. Quebec, Jean Girou
March: Beer is brewed for the first time at Sillery, Kabec.
March 4: Kebec, marriage, (I)-Julien Petau to Marie Peltier.
March 11: The Saint Lawrence River ice begins to melt at the end of a ‘winterless winter’.
March 27: By Royal decree, the Council of Quebec was created, comprised of the Governor of New France, Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal) and the Jesuit Superior.
May 2: Kebec, marriage (I)-Gilles Bacon d-1654 Kebec to Marie Tavernier b-1632
May 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Guillaume Boucher son (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married November 21, 1672 Chateau Richer Marguerite Thibaut.
May 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Couillard, Metis, died May 8, 1715, St. Etienne de Beaumont, son (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); 1st married January 10, 1668 Kebec, Marie Pasquier (1640-1685): 2nd marriage Louise Couture,
June 25: The first horse arrived in Quebec from France and the Natives called it the French moose. The horse imported as a gift to Governor de Montmagny by the Compangnie des Habitants, later disappeared.
June 25: five ships arrived Kebec, one ship with captain Pierre Legardeur de Repentigny, the ship Ange Gabriel, the Saint Francois or Bon at 90 tonnage, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage and the Marguerite at 70 tonnage, other ships arrived in August.
June 25: The first horse is brought into Quebec.
June 25: Fort Richelieu is abandoned.
June 25: The priest of the Ursulines attempts to set his own price on some beaver skins; but these are confiscated, some 200 lbs., and taken from his room.
July 3: Kebec, birth (III)-Noel Juchereau son (II)-Jean Juchereau De La Ferte d-1685 and (II)-Marie Francoise Gillard d-1665.
July 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Joseph Le Petit son (I)-Pierre Le Petit and Catherine Desnoyers
July 16: Father (I)-Jean de Quen (1603-1659) discovered Lac Saint Jean and the route leading into the interior of Saguenay.
July 27: Kebec, marriage (I)-Michel Chauvin, b-1617 married (I)-Anne Archambault (1631-1699) They had two children before it was discovered that (I)-Michel Chauvin was already married. As a result on October 8, 1650 the marriage was annulled and he was banished from Montreal. Epouse February 3, 1653 Montreal, (I)-Jean Gervais
(II)-Paul Archambault Chauvin born March 27, 1650, died April 09, 17650 Montreal
(II)-Marie Charlotte Chauvin born April 05, 1651 Montreal and died October 31, 1718 Pointe Aux Trembles..
August: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married November 23, 1683 Boucherville, Madeleine Louiseau
August 2: Kebec, death (I)-Jean St. Leger, drowned
August 17: Quebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Pelletier to Francoise Morin, epouse January 28, 1648, Kebec Etienne Dumay.
August 23: Kebec, birth (III)-Marie Madeleine Guyon DuBuisson, daughter (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson, d-1694 and (II)-Elizabeth Couillard, d-1704: married November 24, 1661, Kebec, Adrien Hayot
September 3: Kabec, marriage (I)-Medard Chouart, Sieur des Groseilliers (1618/21-1696) married (II)- Helene Martin, Metis born June 21, 1627, Kebec, d-1651, daughter (I)- Abraham Martin (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611; 2nd marriage 1653 (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, d-1651, daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Hayot dit Radisson and Madeleine Heraut. 1st marriage Helene October 22, 1640, Kebec, (I)-Claude Etienne, b-1610,
September 3: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marin De Repentigny, Sieur de Francheville, b-1619 to (I)-Jeanne Jallaut (1624-1708), epouse, September 9, 1654, Trois Rivieres, Maurice Poulain.
September 11: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Macard, died February 14, 1667 Quebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Macard dit Champagne, d-1659 and (II)-Marguerite Couillard, died April 20, 1705 Quebec, veuve Jean Nicolet; married January 18, 1663 Quebec Charles Le Gardeur.
September 19: Kebec, marriage (I)-Charles Guillebout (1617-1658) to Francoise Bigot b-1632, epouse May 8, 1658. Quebec, Denis Briere.
September 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Mathurin Gagnon (1606-1690) to Francoise Boudeau, also Godeau (1634-1696)
October 3: Kebec, death (I)-Antoine Pelletier he drowned when his canoe capsized at Montmorency Falls. His property reverted to his brother (I)-Guillaume Pelletier (1598-1657)
October 4: Kebec, death (I)-Gabriel Tru, killed during a meeting with the Iroquois.
October 8: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Aubuchon dit LeLoyal a master carpenter to Mathurine Poisson, d-1681, he was involved in forty four legal cases in Trois Rivieres.
October 9: Kabec, birth/death Anonyme Brossier child Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.
October 14: Kebec, marriage (I)-Emery Caltaut (Cailleteau), b-1606, died June 2, 1653 Trois Rivieres to Marie Madeleine Couteau (Cousteau),b-1606, died September 10, 1691, Batiscan
November 3: Montreal, marriage (I)-Mathurin Meunier (Le Mounier. b-1619 to Francoise Fafart, (1624-1702)
November 13: Marriage (I)-Etienne Seigneuret, sieur de L’Isle, b-1620, died June 10, 1677, Trois Rivieres married (II)-Madeleine Benassis, died December 3, 1716 Trois Rivieres. Daughter (II)-Marguerite was born November 16, 1653, Trois Rivieres.
November 15: likely Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Urbain Daudry dit Lamarche (1621-1682) to (II)-Madeleine Boucher (1634-1691)
November 18: Montreal, marriage (I)-Jean Desroches (1621-1684) to (II)-Francoise Gode b-1635 daughter (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657) and Francoise Gaddis (1586-1689) Soeur de Pierre I.
December 3: (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseillier (1618-1696?) married Helene Martin, in Fort Quebec and settled down in Trois Rivieres; being the first wedding in several years (this is not true). Helene is the daughter of a river pilot, Abraham Martin, whose land would become known as the Plains of Abraham. Medard’s second marriage after the death of his first wife, is to (II)-Marguerite Hayet dit Radisson,a half sister of (II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis, (1632-1710). Pierre Radisson, at age 15, while out on a duck shoot, is captured by the Mohawks and taken to Lake Champlain. He is adopted by the tribe and became an Indian. He and a Algonquin escaped but were soon captured. The Algonquian is killed and (II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis (1632-1710) is tortured but rescued by his adoptive family. He later escaped to the Dutch Fort Orange near Albany, New York, worked as an interpreter for the Dutch, and then made his way back to Trois Rivieres- all before turning 21 years old. (see Radisson 1631)
December 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Guillaume Brossard son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: married February 15, 1672, Quebec Catherine Louvet.
December 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Nicolas Goulet, son (I)-Jacques Goulet (1615-1688) (who worked at the mill of Mr. Deschatelets) and Marguerite Maillier b-1631: married November 24, 1672 Chateau Richer, Xainte Cloutier
December 18: Kebec, death (I)-Leonard Pichon de Limoges
December 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis , died February 5, 1648, Kebec, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620
December 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665); 1st marriage unknown: married 2nd June 11, 1670 Ste Famille, Michel Aubin
1648
Twelve marriages, thirty one births and twenty four deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. Some claim the first white child born in Ville-Marie (Montreal) was Barbe Meusnier. There were 191 births to date in New France, and this might imply the majority are Metis.
(I)-Boisvert a soldat is at Kebec.
(II)-Pierre Boucher, sieur De Gros Bois, seigneur de Boucherville, Governor Des Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicolas Lemaine; married about 1648 likely Trois Riveries 1st. married Marie Madeleine Chretienne sauvagesse; 2nd married July 9, 1652, Quebec, (II)-Jeanne Crevier.
(I)-Jacques Brisset b-1626, died December 1, 1701, Champlain, married likely 1647-48, Trois Rivieres, (I)- Jeanne Feteis (Fetive or Frontier) b-1626, died November 30, 1698 Champlain.
(II)-Jacques Brisset b-1648 son (I)-Jacques Brisset b-1626, died December 1, 1701 Champlain married likely 1647-48 Jeanne Feteis (Fetive or Frontier) b-1626, died November 30, 1698 Champlain: married Marguerite Dandonneau..
Kebec, birth (II)-Francoi De Chavigny son (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married June 19, 1675, Quebec, Antoinette De L’Hopital: 2nd marriage April 20, 1699, Beauport, Genevieve Guyon.
(I)-Guillaume Isabel, d-1652 married this year Kabec Catherine Dodier, b-1628, epouse Pierre Le Pelle.
(I)-Chirurien Lacroix is at Montreal.
(I)-Nicolas La Morandiere (de) dit Le Depensier is in Kebec this year.
Birth likely Kebec? (III)-Ignace Le Gardeur, son (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1675 and Marie Favery, d-1675.
(III)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 son (II)-Pierre Martin born La Rochelle and Madeleine Panis (Indian slave) de la Rochelle (see 1642); 1st married November 28, 1663 Montreal, Catherine Duval; 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville, Marie Batanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier, epouse February 25, 1686 Boucherville, Francois Cesar
Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Peltier, Metis died November 2, 1692, Sorel, son (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married August 21, 1662, Quebec, Marie Manevely
Oliver Le Tardif married Kebec, (II)-Barbe Aymard, daughter (I)-Jean Aymard and Marie Bineau
In Massachusetts the act of 1648 made Indian wampampeag legal tender. I was also noted that the Iroquois didn’t have wampampeag so it was inferred they didn’t reach the Atlantic coast. However the sea shell to make wampampeag was very rare.
The mission of St. Peter on Manitoulin Island is established for the Ojibwa. (I)-Louis de Coulonge d’Ailleboust (1612-1660) is appointed Governor (1648-51) of New France. In Huron Country there are 19 Jesuit and 42 Frenchmen. The Iroquois Nation launched a full-scale attack against the Wendat Nation; some 35,000 people. The first series of encounters at Saint Joseph (Teanaostaise) resulted in 700 Wendat dead. The Iroquois then turned toward the French Colony. The citizens of Quebec, this season, are allowed to engage independently in trade, as the Iroquois had effectively severed normal Company trade. Father Superior, Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673), complained that drunkenness at Tadoussac was becoming as bad as in Germany. It is noteworthy that most Jesuits had wine on their own tables.
Jesuit Missions in Huronia included St. Michel (Scanonaenrat), St Joseph II (Teanaustaye), St. Ignace I (Taenhatentaron), Ste Marie II, St. Joseph I (Ihonatiria), La Conception (Ossossane), St. Louis, and St. Ignace III. Huronia was divided into four clans: the Bear People (Attignaouantan), the Deer People (Tahontaenrat), the Cord People (Atinqueenonniahak) and the Rock People (Arendahronon).
(I)-Louis d’Ailleboust, seigneur de Coulonge (1612-1660), returned to New France as Governor, from August 20, 1648 to October 4, 1651, to replace Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653) of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal). The Jesuits were not pleased with his removal.
The Jesuit were fully aware that the faith is usually followed by afflictions in the country of this new world. The history of plagues in Europe, taught the Jesuit that they were the carriers of disease. The disease seized upon them, and followed them into the vary depths of their great woods, where it destroyed a great number of them. The Savages believed these French are bringing disease to the People.
The Savages believed those who venture to the Black Robes are going to seek disease. The Jesuits say such talk is the Devil inspired. The Jesuit however know that disease is spread from person to person. The Savage say they are going because the Jesuit are their only means of commerce and trade.
The Savages said when we obey the Great Manitou (God), my traps for bears, beavers and other animals never fail. When we abandon our God, the Savages died of hunger and disease, because they amused themselves with certain words or certain prayers that were taught to them. He had a vision and the souls of the baptized and of the un-baptized go, and that neither heaven nor the pit, but a place towards the setting sun, where they meet together.
The Jesuit say the disease and famine is nothing compared to the fires of hell.
The Governor of New France issued a decree (ordinance) that foreign liquors should not be sold under any circumstances. French traders had been secretly selling foreign liquor to the Savages. A second decree commanded was that, without exception , unbelievers and apostates should withdraw from the abodes of Christians. These proclamations are read to the Algonquin, Wendat and Montagnais. This proclamation divided families, reducing their ancestral customs and traditions and made the people more vulnerable to the Iroquois advances. The Algonquion prophecy that the French are intent on destroy the Wendat is again remembered. A Wendat is warned in a dream to throw down the Frenchmen’s bell before it is too late.
The Jesuit speak of the fresh water sea to the west and two other lakes which are still larger further to the west. Lakes Erie, Ontario and Niagara Falls is well known.
The Jesuits had established a policy of only selling guns to baptized Savages and, even with this incentive, only 15% of the Huron are baptized. The Huron only had 120 guns, whereas the Iroquois guns numbered 500. The Jesuits forbade converts to participate in public traditional feasts and celebrations. They were instructed to abandon all their traditional religious practices which were the very foundation of their culture. Christian warriors refused to fight alongside traditionalists. The Huron’s ability to defend themselves was being eroded. Christian warriors were driven from their wives and mother’s longhouses resulting in a rapid increase in divorces.
The Iroquois see that the Huron are gravely weakened by the Black Robes. The Black Robes have brought disease and demoralization to the Huron Nation. They make plans to attack this once powerful brother of theirs.
A vessel arrived Kebec with a number of sick which seldom happens.
The first fort and Chateau St. Louis was built by Governor Charles Huault de Montmagny in 1648.
January 12/25: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Marie Cote, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684:
January 13: Montreal, marriage (I)-Louis Loisel (1617-1691) to Marguerite Charlot, b-1631
January 21: Kebec, marriage (II)-Jean Cloutier, b-1621, died October 16, 1690, Chateau Richer, son (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680): married Kebec, (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, born April 10, 1635, Kebec, died April 25, 1699, Kebec
January 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Dumay, carpeter b-1626 to Francoise Morin d-1666, veuve (I)-d’Antoine Pelletier d-1647
February 2: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Chouart, Metis, child of (I)-Medard Chouart, Sieur des Groseilliers, (1618/21-1696) and (II)-Helene Martin, Metis, (1627-1651), veuve October 22, 1640, Kebec, Claude Etienne, b-1610;
February 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Gagnon, son (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620. married October 26, 1670 Chateau Richer, Marguerite Drouin
February 15: Kebec birth (II)-Marie Bonhomme, daughter (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); married Jult 21, 1661 Quebec Jean Nau
February 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Francois Belanger, died February 6, 1682 Cap St. Ignace, son (I)-Francis Belanger b-1612 and (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696): married November 17, 1671, Chateau Richer, Marie Cloutier
March 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Amador Martin, Metis, died June 19, 1711 Quebec second priest New France born, son of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?;
March 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Aubuchon, died September, 1655 Trois Riviers, son (I)-Jacques Aubuchon, d-1681 and Mathurine Poisson d-1681.
April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Jolliet daughter (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) and Marie D’Abancour dite La Caille: married April 6, 1660, Quebec, Francois Fortin.
April 28: Jacques Douart (1626-1648) is killed, by a blow of a hatchet, at St. Marie, by the Huron. Six Captains had ordered the killing because the Christians are trying to ruin the Country, by reproving their faith. At Fort St. Marie are 18 Jesuit Fathers, four coadjutors (assistants), twenty-three donnes (merchant traders), seven servants, four boys and eight soldiers.
May 18: Two canoe of Hiroquois landed on the Island in sight of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal). Soldiers were sent to reconnoiter. The Hiroquois said they had war only with the Algonquians not the French.
May 23: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Francois Marguerie, from Normandy arrived Kebec 1617 as an interpreter to the Algonkins, lived with the Algonkins during the English occupation drowned crossing the Saint Lawrence River, near Trois Rivieres with his friend Jean Amiot. Some reported that two Frenchmen, Francois Marguerie and Jean Amiot (Amyot) drown in the Saint Lawrence River, in plain view of the habitants.
May 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Delaunay son (I)-Pierre Delaunay (1616-1654) and (II)-Francoise Pinguet
June 1: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Vernon daughter (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632 See Radisson 1631.
June 6: Kebec, death Nicolas Garnier who was at La Pointe Levis same day.
June 22: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Grimard, died March 22, 1700 Batiscan, son (I)-Elie Grimard, b-1586 and Anne Perrin, (1619-1685): married 1662 Christine Reynier
July 3: Kebec, birth (II)-Medard Blanot son (I)-Michel Blanot dit Lafontaine and Elizabeth Derlugny
July 4: Father (I)-Antoine Daniel (1601-1648) a Jesuit, is killed by the Iroquois at Teanaostae near Hillsdale, Simco County, Ontario. Both the Huron and Iroquois had vowed to kill the Jesuit so it should not be ruled out that all Jesuit deaths can be attributed to the Iroquois.
July 4: Trois Rivieres, De la Chausse is killed by the Iroquois.
July 5: Sillery, birth (III)-Genevieve Gareman daughter (I)-Rene Mezeray aka Mezler, (1611-1695) and (II)-Nicole Garman; 1st married January 24, 1661 Quebec Etienne Letellier, 2nd married 1676 Francois Dusault
July 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Jacques Leblanc, died November 29, 1660, Quebec, son (I)-Jean Leblanc, b-1620 to Euphrasie Madeleine Nicolet, b-1636:
July 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Gagnon, died September 27, 1648 Kebec, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695).
August: Kabec, four ships arrived, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage captain Jean Pointel, the Neuf or Saint Sauveur at 150 tonnage, the Saint Georges, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage.
August 20, Kebec, (I)-Louis D’Aillebout, governor of New France, arrived Kebec, died June 7, 1660, Montreal, married Barbe De Boulogne, b-1618, died June 7, 1685, Kebec, daughter (I)-Florentin De Boulogne and Gertridude Phillippe, one child is noted (II)-Barbe D’Aillebout who married Jean De Lauzon.
September 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Barbe Godfroy daughter (I)-Jean Paul Godfroy and (II)-Marie Madeleine Le Gardeur daughter (I)-Pierre Le Gardeur
September 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Gertrude Couillard, Metis, died November 18, 1664, Kebec, daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); married February 6, 1664 Beaufort, Charles Aubert.
September 24: Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Banse to Marguerite Bigor.
September 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Paul Chalifou, b-1618 to Jacquette Archambault, b-1632, died December 17, 1700 Quebec.
September 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) to (II)-Marie Archambault, (Metis?) baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married December 5, 1675, Quebec, Marie Cadieu Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646. Some say Marie Archambault was baptised February 24, 1636
September 29: Sillery, birth (III)-Pierre Boucher son (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1626 and Florence Gareman, b-1629: married 1672 Helene Gaudry.
October 1: Kebec, marriage (II)-Charles Le Gardeur de Tilly, b-1611, died November 10, 1695 Quebec son (I)-Rene Le Gardeur and Catherine De Corde, d-1657: married October 1, 1648, Kebec (II)-Genevieve Juchereau. Charles was Governor Trois Rivieres (1648-1650)
October 1: Kebec, marriage (II)-Charles Le Gardeur de Tilly, d-November 10, 1695, Kebec son (I)-Rene Le Gardeur sieur de Tilly. de Thury, en Normandie and Catherine De Corde, died July 7, 1757, Quebec: married (II)-Genevieve Juchereau, died November 5, 1687, Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Juchereau
October 2: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1601-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre
October 12: Montreal, marriage (I)-Leonard Lucault (Lukos dit Barbot) (1616-1651) to Barbe Poisson, b-1634, epouse November 19, 1651 Montreal Gabriel Celle Duclos.
October 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Nicolas Boissel, died December 25, 1660, Quebec son (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697)
October 17: Ste Anne, birth (II)-Martin Poulain, died January 16, 1710, Quebec, son (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) and Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687): married January 21, 1688 Ste Anne, Jeanne Barette
October 19: Kebec, marriage (I)-Guill Gauthier de la Chenaye, d-1657 and Ester De Lambourg, b-1630
October 25: Kebec, marriage (I)-Francois Bissot, Sieur de la Riviere, (1613-1678) to (III)-Marie Couillard, epouse September 1675, Quebec, Jacques de la Lande
October 25: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie LaFond daughter (I)-Etienne LaFond, (1615-1665) and (II)-Marie Boucher, d-1706:
November 10: Kebec, marriage (II)-Louise Cloutier, b-1621, died June 22, 1699, Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680): 1st married October 26, 1645 Chateau Richer, Francois Marguerie: 2nd marriage November 10, 1648, Kebec, Jean Migot: 3rd marriage February 3, 1684, Chateau Richer, Jean Mataut
November 10: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Mignot dit Chatillon to (II)-Louise Cloutier veuve Francois Marguerie, elle epouse February 3, 1684 Jean Pierre Mataut of Chateau Richer. It would appear he might have had a daughter by a sauvagesse in February 1647. He arrived 1643 and was living with the Ursulins in the savage quarters until this year learning French. See below differing info.
November 10: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Mignot dit Chatillon b-1628 married (II)-Louise Cloutier b-1631 daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680). Louise epouse October 26, 1645 Kebec Francoise Marguerie
November 15: Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Griveran, b-1620 and Suzanne Bugeaux
November 24: Montreal, birth (II)-Barbe Meuier, died December 3, 1648, Montreal, daughter (I)-Mathurin Meunier (Le Mounier. b-1619 & Francoise Fafart, (1624-1702)
December 4 Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Dodier son (I)-Sebastin Dodier and Marie Bonhomme: a son named (II)-Sebastien is also listed but no date of birth.
December 4: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Catherine Lefebvre, Metis, died November 30, 1705 Batiscan daughter (I)-Pierre Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, b-1621, died February 11, 1697 Trois Rivieres: she married Antoine Trotier: Two other children were born but no birth date listed, Marie a Metis, likely b-1646, who married Andre Martel and Jacques a Metis born Trois Rivieres (likely 1647) birth date was January 12, 1647, Trois Rivieres, who married November 11, 1670, Trois Rivieres, Marie Baudry.
December 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Agnes Duquet, died April 4, 1702, Quebec, Ursuline, daughter (I)-Denis Duquet (1605-1675) and Catherine Gautier, b-1627:
December 20: Quebec, birth, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: married December 5, 1675, Quebec, Marie Cadieu
1649
Ten marriages, forty three births and twenty one deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. New France has nearly 1,000 inhabitants.
(I)-Martin Chauvin dit La Fortune, b-1619 married 1649 Gilette Ban, b-1629, epouse 1653 Jacques Bertant.
(I)-Nicolas Colson, b-1626, usher of Council, Kebec in 1649
(I)-Claude David, (1621-1687) married likely Trois Rivieres Suzanne De Noyon, b-1633
(I)-Mathurin Guillet was at Trois Rivieres this year where he settled.
(II)-Pierre Lamoureux de St. Germain b-1649 son Jean Lamoureux; married Marguerite Pigarouiche sauvagesse b-1647.
February 15: Kebec, (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais (1589-1664) is imprisoned on a scandalous charge concerning a girl 15-16 years old who was executed this year for theft. It is said this old pig Abraham had debauched the girl. This could be the reason the birth and marriage records are not retained, the Jesuits likely cleared the files?
Fishing is almost a total failure in Kebec except for the sturgeon.
Famine is prevalent this year, more than has been since the French entered Quebec. The Iroquois attacked Saint Ignace (Taenhatentarow) killing 400 Huron. Fifteen Huron villages have been abandoned.
Jerome Le Rouer (Royer) de la Dauversiere, a co-founder of the mission of the Mountain of Montreal, is almost bankrupt and his goods are going to be seized.
Father (I)-Charles Garnier (1606-1649) believed the ruin of the Huron was clearly part of God’s grand design and that now they would have to work among the more distant nations. It was clear the Jesuit saw no fault among themselves.
Father (I)-Noel Chabanel (1613-1649) of Toulouse died, having been unable to learn the language thereby making him most ineffectual. He also had a great aversion to the customs of these Barbarians.
Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, is stationed to Tadoussac, Quebec.
Only a few thousand Wendat remain out of a 30,000 people nation.
An ancestor of the Garneau Clan, (II)-Catherine Annennontak (Huronne), is born 1649, daughter (I)-Nicholas Arendanki of Arenda, Sainte Marie Madeleine, La Conception and Jeanne Otrihoandit.
Louis Gaudet Dufont, a Royal Commissioner, concluded that New France is governed by men without education or experience and that nearly all were incapable of resolving problems of any consequence.
The Huron culture was in disarray. 50% were converted to Christianity by the Jesuits. Many non-catholic Huron, being rejected by their wives longhouses, joined the Iroquois and played a leading role in taking vengeance against the Jesuits and their Christian Huron allies. Some 700 Huron died this year or are captured by the Iroquois/Huron army. Many more Huron would join the Iroquois against the French. The Jesuits Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and (I)-Gabrial Lalemant (1610-1649) were executed for their crimes against the People. Bruce Trigger notes: “The situation would have been far worse for the French if the Huron traditionalists had been able to conclude an alliance with the Iroquois”.
Kebec, a fleet of 6 ships arrived led by admiral Jean Paul Godefroy, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage, the Neuf or Saint Sauveur at 150 tonnage captain Jammes, the Bon-Francois at 90 tonnage, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage, the Anglois and an unnamed ship captain Jean Poulet.
January 1: Three soldiers in prison died of suffocation by the fumes of charcoal.
January 4: Kebec, death (I)-Louis Robichau, b-1609.
January 11: Montreal, marriage (II)-Francois Gode son (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657) and Francoise Gaddis (1586-1689) Soeur de Pierre I; married (I)-Francoise Bugon, b-1626, St Pierre de Clermont, epouse September 26, 1667 Montreal Francois Bots.
January 11: Montreal, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Desroches child (I)-Jean Desroches (1621-1684) and Francoise Gode b-1636
January 19: A female of age 15 or 16 is hung at Quebek (Quebec) for theft and Monsieur (I)-Abraham Martin, dit I’ecossois (1589-1664) a Scotsman is accused of violating (raping) her. Some suggest a sixteen year-old girl in Quebec, sentenced to death for theft, escaped death by acting as her own executioner. Still others suggest the executioner is a pardoned criminal and the girl is hung.
January 15/28: Kebec, Birth/death (II)-Paule Hebert daughter (I)-Augustin Hebert and Adriane Du Vivier, b-1626, epouse Robert Cavelier.
January 29: Kebec, birth (III)-Joseph Guyon son (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson: married November 24, 1661, Kebec, Adrien Hayot: married Genevieve Cloutier
January 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Gaudin, died December 4, 1726 Pointe aux Trembles, daughter (I)-Barthelemi Gaudin (1608-1697) and Marthe Coignat (1606-1689): 1st married October 29, 1665 Quebec, Antoine Boutin: 2nd marriage 1677 Jean Beland
January 30: There are eighteen Jesuit priests in Wendat country. The Jesuits (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and (I)-Gabrial Lalemant (1610-1649) are killed at St. Louis. The Iroquois saw the Jesuits as their trading enemies, and one thousand Iroquois and Hurons attacked Taenhatentaron, killing or capturing three hundred and ninety Wendat. The Iroquois knew that the Jesuits longed for martyrdom and they said, mockingly: You see we are your friends because we will be the cause of your eternal happiness. The more you suffer the greater will be your reward from your God. The Huron Nation will be reduced from 25,000 or 30,000 people to about 1,000 this year as a result of their alliance with the French. In just 40 years a Great Nation is utterly destroyed. The Jesuits claim the destruction is the will of God. The Indians do not believe God is a vengeful God, they rightfully blame the Black Robes and carry this message to the Ojibwa of the West and beyond. It is noteworthy that the Jesuit especially Brebeuf are under sentence of death by the Huron Nation for evil activities.
January 31: Kebec, birth (II)-Eilzabeth De Chavigny daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: married October 10, 1667, Quebec, Etienne Landron
January 31: Kebec, death (I)-Philippe Gosselin who was married to Vincente Despres.
February 7: Kabec, birth Antoine Brossier, died February 26, 1649, Kebec, son Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.
March 16: About 1,000 Iroquois captured St. Ignace then went on to capture St. Louis.
March 17: Father (I)-Gabriel Lalemant (1610-1649) a Jesuit, is killed by the Iroquois at St. Ignace of the Hurons, halfway between Coldwater and Vasey, Simco County, Ontario. Father Jean de Brebuef (1593-1649) also is killed this date by the Iroquois. Both the Huron and Iroquois had vowed to kill the Jesuit so it should not be ruled out that all Jesuit deaths can be attributed to the Iroquois.
April: An old man, head servant at the warehouse, suspected of theft, proved to be lost, it is believed he went to drown himself.
April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Alexis Gravelle, died March 18, 1715, Quebec, son (I)-Masse Joseph Gravelle (1616-1686) and Marguerite Tavernier (1627-1697): married Marie Lesot.
April 8: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Plusson and Marie Regnault.
April 8: Chambly, marriage (I)-Pierre Boucher born August 1, 1622 Governor Trois Riviers to Marie Madeleine (Chretienne) Ouebaddinoukoue Huron savagesse; 2nd marriage July 9, 1652 Quebec (II)-Jeanne Crevier b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier and Jeanne Enard b-1619; only one child recorded of 1st marriage (II)-Jacques Boucher Metis b-1650. It is noteworthy that Pierre had the idea of creating a new people by the union of French men and Indian women.
April 12: Kebec, birth (II)-Jacques Goulet, son (I)-Jacques Goulet (1615-1688) (who worked at the mill of Mr. Deschatelets) and Marguerite Maillier b-1631
April 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Pepin Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married October 3, 1663, Trois Rivieres, Gilles La Rue
May 2: Sillery, birth (II)-Nicolas Peltier Metis son (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. June 22, 1673, Madeleine Tegoussi; 2nd marriage Francoise Lamy
May 24: Kebec, birth (II)-Francois Poisson, died December 13, 1708, Champlain son (I)-Jean Poisson married likely Kebec Jacqueline Chamboy b-1628, epouse Michel Pelletier de le Prade: married November 11, 1687 Trois Rivieres, Marguerite Baudry.
May 31: Montreal, birth (II)-Marie Dumay daughter (I)-Etienne Dumay, carpeter b-1626 to Francoise Morin d-1666
June: The Algonquian traded with the Petite Nation returning via Ville-Marie (Montreal) with their peltry for trade.
June 6: Thirty four Frenchmen departed for Huron Country.
June 9; Kenec, birth (II)-Marie Aubert (Auber) b-1649, died July 28, 1715, daughter (I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) and Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English; married December 2, 1663 Chateau Richer, Jean Premont.
July 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre De Repentigny, died August 7, 1713, Montreal, son (I)-Martin De Repentigny, b-1619 and Jeanne Jallaut, b-1624
July 18, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Amator Godfroy, died September 10, 1730, Trois Rivieres, (Filleul de Charles Amaior de le Tour, de l’Acndie) son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie LeNeuf b-1612-1688); 1st married November 12, 1675 Trois Rivieres, Marguerite Jutrat; 2nd marriage July 22, 1682 Francoise LePele
July 21: Montreal, birth (II)-Jeanne Loisel daughter (I)-Louis Loisel (1617-1691) and Marguerite Charlot, b-1631: married November 23, 1666 Montreal Jean Beauchamps
August: Charles Albanel, (1616-1696) a Jesuit arrived Kebec to serve the Lower Algonquians or Montagnais, at Tadoussac.
August 9: Kebec. birth (III)-Catherine Le Gardeur daughter (II)-Charles Le Gardeur de Tilly, d-1695 and (II)-Genevieve Juchereau, d-1687: married October 10, 1668, Sillery, Pierre De Saurel
August 22: Kebec, birth (II)-Francois Racine, Metis, died February 26, 1714, St. Anne, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married October 29, 1676, Ste Familie, Marie Bauche
August 23: Montreal, birth (II)-Marie Boudart, died September 1, 1649, Montreal daughter (I)-Jean Boudart, died May 6, 1651 Montreal, silenced by the Hurons and Catherine Mercier who was taken with her husband by the Iroquois 1651.
August 26: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Hertel, daughter (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) (who was captured by the Iroquois) and Marie Marguerie epouse Moral de St. Quentin: married November 26, 1663, Trois Rivieres, Jean Crevier
September 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Paul Gagnon, ordained December 21, 1677, Kebec, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695).
September 11: Kebec, birth (III)-Joseph Guyon DuBuisson, son (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson, d-1694 and (II)-Elizabeth Couillard, d-1704: married January 29, 1674 Chateau Richer Genevieve Cloutier
September 20: The French traders, soldiers and Indians descend to Trois Rivieres and Kebec with 5,000 livres’ weight of beaver skins. This year trade totaled 100,000 livres.
September 21: (I)-Martin Montagne a carpenter is at Trois Riveres
September 22: Kebec: marriage (I)-Nicolas Juchereau, Sieur de St. Denis, seigneur de Beauport to (II)-Marie Therese Giffard, died June 3, 1714, Beauport, daughter (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599:
September 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Mathieu Hubou dit Des Longschamps. (1628-1678) to Suzanne Botfaite (Bottfair)
September 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Antoine Brossard, died February 22, 1715, Quebec, son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: married August 26, 1672 Quebec, Jeanne Quelue.
October 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Chalifou, died October 12, 1663, Quebec daughter (I)-Paul Chalifou, b-1618 and Jacquette Archambault, b-1632: Married November 5, 1662, Quebec, Loachim Martin.
October 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Macard, died February 23, 1724 Quebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Macard dit Champagne, d-1659 and (II)-Marguerite Couillard, died April 20, 1705 Quebec, veuve Jean Nicolet; 1st married January 11, 1666, Quebec, Charles Bazire: 2nd marriage August 1, 1679, Quebec, Francois Provost: 3rd marriage November 5, 1703, Quebec, Charles D’Alogny.
October 11: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Gautier daughter (I)-Guill Gauthier de la Chenaye, d-1657 and Ester De Lambourg, b-1630
October 13: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Etienne Vernon, died May 18, 1721, Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632: married May 30, 1677 Trois Rivieres, Marie Moral. See Radisson 1631.
October 23: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Blanot child (I)-Michel Blanot dit Lafontaine and Elizabeth Derlugny
October 24: Kebec, birth (II)-Sebastien Griveran, son (I)-Guillaume Griveran, b-1620 and Suzanne Bugeaux
October 31: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Etienne Vernon, died May 18, 1721, Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632: married May 30, 1677, Trois Rivieries Marie Moral. See Radisson 1631.
November 7: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Mathurin Guillet son (I)-Pierre Guillet dit Lajeunesse, b-1626, carpenter and Jeanne De Launay de St. Per, b-1629: married Marie Charlotte Lemoyne
November 9: Kebec, marriage (II)-Jean Pelletier, b-1631, died February 25, 1698, Riviere Ouelle, son (I)-Guillaume Pelletier b-1598, died November 28, 1657, Kebec and Michelle Morille (Mabile (1592-1665); married (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis (1637-1704) daughter (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) sauvagesse, d-1665 (II)-Jean 2nd marriage January 8, 1689 Riviere Ouelle (II)-Marie Anne Huot born Jauuary 9, 1666 Riviere Ouelle
November 11: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Michellent to Perinne Baudry.
November 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Louis Fafard, died February 4, 1717 Batiscan, son (I)-Bertrand Fafard dit Laframboise, b-1620, died November 3, 1660, Trois Rivieres and Marie Sedilot, b-1627, epouse February 16, 1681, Trois Rivieres, Rene Benard: 1st married Marie Lucas: 2nd marriage July 19, 1703, Batiscan, Francoise Lapond
November 16: Kebec, marriage (I)-Oliver Le Tardif (1601-1665) 1st married November 3, 1637, Quebec, (II)-Louise Couillard, d-November 23, 1641: 2nd marriage November 16, 1641, Quebec, (II)-Barbe Aymart daughter (I)-Jean Aymard and Marie Bineau ou “bureau” Greffe d’audouard 1649
November 16: Pointe Levy, Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Couture (Cousture), (1617-1701) married (II)-Anne Esmard Aymard (1629-1700), daughter (I)-Jean Aymard and Marie Bineau
November 16: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) to (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637 daughter (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684.
November 29: Quebec, marriage (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) 1st married July 12, 1637 Kebec, (II)-Anne Cloutier: 2nd married Marie Chapelier
December 3: Montreal, birth (II)-Mathurine Meunier, died February 27, 1650, Montreal, & (II)-Charles Meunier, died February 27, 1650 Montreal sons of (I)-Mathurin Meunier (Le Mounier. b-1619 & Francoise Fafart, (1624-1702)
December 7: Father (I)-Charles Garnier (1605-1649) a Jesuit, is killed by the Iroquois at Petun Village of St. Jean (Etharita) near Osprey, Grey County, Ontario. Both the Huron and Iroquois had vowed to kill the Jesuit so it should not be ruled out that all Jesuit deaths can be attributed to the Iroquois.
December 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Francois Bissot, died November 26, 1663 Quebec son (I)-Francois Bissot, Sieur de la Riviere, (1613-1678) and (III)-Marie Couillard, epouse September 1675, Quebec, Jacques de la Lande
December 8: Father (I)-Noel Chabanel (1613-1649) a Jesuit, is killed by the Christian Huron at the mouth of the Nottawasaga River, Ontario.
December 11: Trois Riveres, birth (III)-Jacques Boucher, Metis son (II)-Pierre Boucher, sieur De Gros Bois, seigneur de Boucherville, Governor Des Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicolas Lemaine; married about 1648 likely Trois Riveries 1st. married Marie Madeleine Chretienne sauvagesse: 2nd marriage (II)-Jeanne Crevier?. ((II)-Jeanne Crevier, Metis b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier and Jeanne Enard b-1619, Metis) married July 9, 1652 (II)-Pierre Boucher Governor Des Trois Rivieres. He only had one recorded son (III)-Jacques Boucher, Metis b-1650
December 11: Montreal, birth (II)-Nicolas Desroches son (I)-Jean Desroches (1621-1684) and Francoise Gode b-1636
December 14: Kebec, birth (II)-Ursule Prevost, Metis, died April 1, 1661, Kebec, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, (1620-1665
Note:Several ManyRoads readers have questioned the accuracy of some of the Metis claims presented in this document by Mr. Garneau. Should you have evidence that you would like to present refuting the veracity and accuracy of any claims made by Mr. Garneau, which you would like us to present here, please contact us directly.
We are happy to present all relevant information here, in the interest of fairness, full disclosure and accuracy.
The following material is written by: R.D. (Dick) Garneau, who is solely responsible for its accuracy.
1620
Population of Kebec 83 French
(I)-Adrien du Chesne (Duchene), a surgeon, from Dieppe arrived Kebec this year. He remained in Kebec with his wife during the English occupation.
Pierre Antoine Pastedechouan a young Montagnais is taken to France for an education in French, Latin and is baptized.
(I)-Abraham Martin dit l’Ecossais, (1589-1664) the father of the bride, (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679) was one of the earliest colonists of the country. Having arrived before 1610, with his wife, he practiced the trade of royal pilot. His presence in New France, during the occupation by the Kirke brothers, between 1629 and 1632, is not unanimous with historians. Some, following Benjamin Sulte, affirm it strongly. Archange Godbout doubts it. Marcel Trudel and Rene Jette are of the opinion that, he and his family returned to France, which seems to be the case if we believe the observations held by Father Le Jeune, in 1632. (II)-Eustache Martin, Metis, b-1621 the eldest son of Abraham and his sister, Marguerite, were baptized respectively in 1621 and 1623, were the second and third children of White men born at Quebec, the first having been their cousin Helene Desportes, born in 1620, to the marriage of Pierre Desportes and Francoise Langlois. See 1609 – 1610 & 1624.
Guers a commission agent of the Duke Montmorency is in Kebec.
Kebec, baptism (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) son (I)-Louis Hebert, Metis (1575-1727) and (I)-Marie Rollet d-1649; married October 1, 1634, Kebec, Helene Desportes .
(I)-Oliver Tardif dit LeTardif, b-1601, died January 28, 1665, Chateau Richer was in the employ of Samuel de Champlain as interpreter to the Huron Nation. Tardif joined forces with Roch Manitouabewich of the Huron Nation as a guide, scout and traveling companion. Roch and his Huron wife later had a child who they named Marie Oliver Sylvestre, b-1626 in honor of Tardif. Tardif adopted the girl so she could receive a Christian education and at 10 years of age, in 1636 was placed with the family of (I)-Guillaume Hubou, d-1653, and Marie Rollet,d-1649, epouse (I)-Louis Herbert.
(I)-Noel Morin aka Morini (1609-1679) (Morini means brown of skin) arrived Kebec 1619 or 1620, married December 27, 1639, Quebec (II)-Helene Desportes (1620-1675) daughter (I)-Pierre Desportes and Francois Langlois.
Most Frenchmen who took Indian wives, this century in New France, did so a la facon du pays (according to Indian customs), regardless of French marriage laws and customs. Unfortunately most were not recorded or their Metis offspring.
The pirates dominated the coast of New France from 1612 to 1620, having stole 40,800 L and 1,080 fur traders and fishermen who were sold into slavery. This is astonishing considering Kebec only has 60-67 colonists at this time. The Hurons are supplying 50-60% of the French furs, and their other major industry for trade is agriculture.
John Nutt of England with his wife and family lived at Torby, Newfoundland. He captured a French fishing boat and became a pirate 1620 to 1623 and then captured two more French ships.
(I)-Jacques Archambault (venu de France avec sa famille) b-1604, died February 15, 1688, Montreal. married 1629 France, Francoise Toureau, sauvageese, b-1600, died December 9, 1663 Montreal. Some suggest Jacques Archambault married January 24, 1629, France, Francois Toureau, b-1600 France, died December 1663. Others suggest he married Francoise Chanveau b-1599 on January 24, 1629 in France. Others suggest 1st married, January 24, 1620, France, Francois Toureau (Touraude) daughter Francois Toueaude and Marthe Noel; 2nd marriage, June 6, 1666, Trois River, Marie Denote. The children attributed to Jacques and Francoise are Anne b-1621, likely Metis, Marie (I), b-1636, Louise, b-1640, Laurent, b-1642, and Marie (2), b-1644. It is reported that Jacques, Francoise and family arrived Quebec 1645. Also see Tanguay for Francois Toureau. As I see it there are three possibilities, 1. Tanguay made an error, 2. There are two Jacques Archambault in New France, 3. Jacques was in New France in 1620 and returned to France then returned to New France in 1645 and had 3 marriages one a country marriage to a sauvageese in 1620. This may account for one child born 1621 and the next child born 1636. It’s possible (I)-Denis Archambault died, August 25, 1651, Montreal, when a canon exploded, and he might be mixed up in this genealogy? Why would Tanguay post this under 1620 and say he came with his family, he had no family at this time? Every time I look at this it gets more messed up. Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646. My best guess is we are dealing with more than one Jacques Archambault. The (OMFR) Ontario Metis Family Records identified Francois Toureau (1559-1663) as aboriginal.
The PRDH and Fischer Original, state the family all came from De Lardillière À Dompierre-Sur-Mer, Aunis, France, and Notary Adhemar reports their birth place as France, also.
SHARLENE BELL-HAUSSMANN says:
The first child I have is Jacques born c1629, (no other mention of him, so may have died in France) then Denis born 1630 then Anne I. the last child, of nine, is Marie II born 1644 in France.
Anne Archambault I – Born 1631 France.
ADHÉMAR — Fiche biographique
Archambault I, Anne
Informations générales
Sexe féminin
Naissance 1631/01/01 (Dompierre-sur-Mer, Lardillière)
Décès 1699/07/29 (Montréal)
Parents Archambault, Jacques ; Tourault, Françoise
Occupation(s) Connue(s)
Occupation Début Fin Groupe professionnel du chef de famille
inconnue 1678/07/16 1699/07/28 administration civile
Conjoints
Conjoint Début de l’union Fin de l’union
Chauvin dit Sainte-Suzanne, Michel 1647/07/29 1650/09/30
Gervaise, Jean 1654/02/03 1690/03/11
Laurent Archambault
ADHÉMAR — Fiche biographique
Archambault, Laurent
Informations générales
Sexe masculin
Naissance 1642/01/10 (Dompierre-sur-Mer, Lardillière)
Décès 1730/04/19 (Pointe-aux-Trembles)
Parents Archambault, Jacques ; Tourault, Françoise
Occupation(s) Connue(s)
Occupation Début Fin Groupe professionnel du chef de famille
cultivateur et charpentier 1672/03/03 1693/03/24 agriculture-grande
Conjoints
Conjoint Début de l’union Fin de l’union
Marchand, Catherine 1660/01/07 1713/02/24
Marie Archambault I
ADHÉMAR — Fiche biographique
Archambault I, Marie
Informations générales
Sexe féminin
Naissance 1636/02/24 (Dompierre-sur-Mer)
Décès 1719/08/16 (Pointe-aux-Trembles)
Parents Archambault, Jacques ; Tourault, Françoise
Occupation(s) Connue(s)
Occupation Début Fin Groupe professionnel du chef de famille
inconnue 1668/04/26 1702/01/21 agriculture-grande
Conjoints
Conjoint Début de l’union Fin de l’union
Tessier dit Lavigne, UrbainI_ 1648/09/28 1689/03/20
Port La Tour, Acadia, birth Andre Lasner, Metis son Louis Lasnier of Dieppe and Indian woman. Some believe this is the first recorded Metis birth in North America.
(II)-Anne Herbert, died Kebec, 1620, daughter, (I)-Louis Herbert, born 1575, died January 25, 1627, and (I)-Marie Rollet (d-1649); was married to (I)-Etienne Jonquit.
There is only sixty-seven official colonists, including women and children, in Fort Kebec (Quebec) at this time. Included are four French Recollects that are an offshoot of the Franciscan. The Franciscan or Minoritie are an old order, being established in 1223. The Franciscans are not popular with the Curia, as they demanded absolute poverty to awaken popular piety and scientific works. The Franciscan established themselves at St. Charles River. These first priests are Father’s Joseph Le Caron (1586-1632), Jean D’Olbeau, Dennis Jamey and Pacifique du Plessis. Father Jean D’Olbeau said the first mass in New France, then removed himself to the Tadoussac Trading Post. Carbon attached himself to the Wendat Nation. This would imply that 15 colonists either died, returned to France or are in the country as free traders?
Kabec begins to fortify their fort.
The free fur traders established a trading post called Palace Royal at Hochelaga (Ville-Marie Montreal). The Catholic Priests would later consider these free traders as having the instincts and morals of pirates. They would call them Coureurs des Bois. The priests would come to believe that free thinking and free trading pose a considerable threat to the fur trade and religious monopoly. Their thinking is consistent with the rising French philosophy of absolutism; one King, one Religion. Because of this absolutism belief, the Church historians largely ignore the contribution of the early Coureurs des Bois in opening up the continent. Unfortunately, they had to glorify some lesser men or claim the glory for themselves. Meanwhile, the Wendat (Huron) are building upon their farming and trading empire and are the major merchant center in New France. They would supply New France with beans and corn. Later tobacco would become a major trade item.
Few European women survived in New England, and the Company of Virginia undertook the recruitment of young and uncorrupted maids for Jamestown. The population of Jamestown, Virginia drops from 1,000 to 866 due to death or abandonment. The English Puritans who seceded from the Church of England exiled in the Netherlands, obtained patent for a settlement near the Hudson River in Southern Virginia. The Mayflower arrived on November 9, 1620 at Cape Cod (Provincetown) harbor. This location is outside Virginia, making their patent useless, so they claimed their own liberty, as none had the power to command them. They established a civil body politic, claiming submission and obedience to just and equal laws. They relocated to Plymouth on December 16 and, by spring, 52 of the 102 died. The Wampanoag Indians showed them how to plant and cultivate corn. They eventually would trade corn for beaver pelts.
(I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne (1598-1642) lived among the Algonquians of Allumette Island on the Ottawa River and Nipissing until 1620-1621. He spent the next 8-9 years(1622-1630/31) with the Algonquin Nipissiriniens at Lake Nipissing.. The French called the Nipissings the Nation des Sorciers. He traveled Green Bay and the Fox and Illinois Rivers. He had his own cabin which likely suggests he had a family. He married likely about 1622-1630) a Nipissing woman b-1610 and had a daughter Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet. Metis, born 1623-1631) and a 2nd marriage October 7, 1737, Kebec, (II)-Marguerite Couillard, Metis, b-1626
Father Joseph de la Roche, a Recollect, became a missionary to Kebec.
The Company of de Caen is created led by the De Caens, Guillaume Robin, Jacques de Troyes and Francois Herve, merchants; Francois de Troyes, chief of Royal Finances at Orleans, Claude le Ragois, receiver general of finance at Limoges; Pierre de Verton, counselor secretary of the King and others.
The first fort to occupy the top of the cliff at Quebec City was the one (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) constructed in 1620. It consisted of a few wooden buildings surrounded by a palisade.
New France begins formal registration of births, marriages and deaths at Kebec. Country marriages are not acknowledged.
The Recollets built a convent and chapel in 1620-1621 on St. Charles River, about one half a French league from Fort Kebec. They named it Notre Dame des Anges (on the site of the future General Hospital).
February 25: (I)-Henri II, Duc de Montmorency (1595-1632), is appointed Viceroy of New France, and (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) is confirmed as his lieutenant. He began construction of Fort Saint Louis on the cliff at Fort Kebec (Quebec). Henri II, Duc de Montmorency (1595-1632), Grand Admiral of France, had bought Prince de Conde’s interests, and he established Compagne de Montmorency for la Nouvelle France that gave a trade monopoly to Guillaume William de Caen, a merchant, and Calvinist and his cousin Emary, a naval Captain. He had an eleven-year trade monopoly that required he established six Recollects at Kebec and settle six French families per year. He is told to not annoy the Fathers or any of the Orthodox Christians. The Company of De Caen included Guillaume Robin, Jacques De Troyes, Francois Herve, Francois De Troyes, Claude Le Ragois, Pierre De Verton and others.
May 8: (I)-Helene Boulle born 1598 and married 1610 to (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) arrived at Kebec with her husband and four women servants.
June 3: The Recollets laid the cornerstone of the first stone church and convent in Kebec, Notre Dame des Anges on the St. Charles river, about 1/2 league from Fort of Kebec.
July 20, (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), an employee of The Company of De Caen, arrived in Kebec and began construction of Fort Saint Louis on Cap aux Diamants, on the cliff at Kebec.
August 30: family arrived Quebec, (I)-Abraham Martin, dit I’ecossois (1589-1664) a Scotsman, with 2nd wife Marguerite Langlois b-1611 he married this year in France, (not likely see 1609 – 1610 & 1624) her sister (I)-Francoise Langlois b-1600 who married December 31, 1620, France, (I)-Pierre Desportes, b-1600 and daughter (II)-Anne Martin. It is noteworthy that the Plains of Abraham is named after Martin. (I)- Pierre Desportes, b-1600 married December 31, 1620, France (I)- Francoise Langlois (1599-1629). This appears highly unlikely as Francoise was already in Kebec. Others suggest Martin & Desportes arrived Kebec in 1619 or 1620. Some suggest both families stayed in Kebec during the English occupation, while others say they were deported. It is noteworthy that (II)-Helene Desportes (1620-1675) daughter (I)-Pierre Desportes and (I)-Francois Langlois arrived this date, this year so it not likely they were married in December this year in France. This conflicting information could suggest Francois might be Indian or Metis?? Some suggest Tanguay made an error and (II)-Helene Desportes was b-1601?
August 30: Kebec (II)-Anne Martin (1614-1684) arrived with father (I)-Abraham Martin, a Frenchman and stepmother Marguerite Langlois, a shipmate aboard the Le Sallemande. Her biological mother was Guillemette Couillard. Anne married 1636 Kebec, Jean Cote d-1661, who arrived Kebec July 20, 1635.
November 8: Henri, Duc de Montmorency (1595-1632), Viceroy of New France, bought the Prince de Conde’s commercial interests and established the Compagnie de Montmorency pour la Nouvelle France which gave a monopoly to Guillaume de Caen and his cousin Emery.
December: Gape Cod, the colonists discovered a corpse with blond hair and assumed he was from a French shipwreck a few years earlier.
1621
Population of Kebec 85 French + 1 marriage + 1 birth
George Baltimore established a colony in Placentia Bay (Avalon), Newfoundland but was abandon in 1629.
(I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1658), a physician arrived and stayed Kebec until 1627 and had his own cabin in the woods. Others say he was in Kebec (1627-1629). see 1628 re, attempt to marry Indian girl.
(I)-Jacques Alard, Halard et Allard dit Labarre arrived Kebec this year.
(II)-Anne Archambault, Metis b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Montreal, daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married February 3, 1654, Jean Gervaise. Not listed as a family in 1629 in Kebec.
(I)-Rounier arried Kebec from Duponf
(I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) is in Georgian Bay this year.
(I)-Emery de Caen arrived Kebec this year and visited Kebec every year. He was provisional governor during Champlain absence and (1632-1633)
(I)-Jacques Alard Halard et Allard dit Labarre arrived Quebec 1621 and is at Tadoussac in 1624.
(II)-Radegonde Joy Lambert b-1621/1629 (Metis). d-1686, daughter (I)-Jean Antoine Lambert and Marie Radegonde Kagijonais a MicMac; married about 1642 Port Royal toJean Blanchard b-1611
(I)-Greffler Nicolas is at Kebec this year
(I)-Pierre Roy is living Kebec this year.
The mission Quebec de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
The Parish registers of New France contain about 300,000 entries describing all Catholic baptisms, weddings and funerals from 1621 to 1760 with very few missing records. The main reason was to guard against bigamy and consanguineous marriages. All French Canadians can trace their ancestors to some 10,000 French settlers. Only 27,000 Frenchmen came to Canada but 2/3rds returned to France, leaving no recorded descendents. The British, in the same period, would send over one million to America. Unfortunately, many of the mixed blood children would go unreported.
(I)-Abraham Martin’s wife Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611 (not likely see 1609 – 1610 & 1624) had the first (5th known) European child born in New France named (II)-Eustache Martin. The first known children were born 1610, 1611, 1619 and 1621 Kebec. The Metis children born New France are not considered European. This, of course, excludes the Viking, Basque, Spanish, Chinese and other previously born aliens, to say nothing of the mixed blood children. The Europeans, as a culture, is driven by a masochistic fetish to be recognized as the first to see or do in hopes of being recorded in history. This cultural inferiority complex appears very deeply rooted.
Jamestown, Virginia population stands at 843, down 23 from last year, even given the the influx of 1051 settlers this year. It is interesting to note that England began to diversify the Virginia economy by purchasing vines and olive trees from France for the colonies. France had no such self-sufficient policies for her colonies.
January 3: Henri, Duc de Montmorency (1595-1632), Viceroy of New France, named Guillaume de Caen, General of the Fleet of the new company known as the Compagnie de Caen. The company gained an 11 year monopoly of trade in the St. Lawrence River valley. The had to maintain six Recollet priests at Kebec, settle six families per year and not trade in arms with the savages.
June 3: The Dutch West India Company is created this year, as successor to the United New Netherlands Company chartered in October 11, 1614, and is trading guns to the Iroquois.
August 16: (I)-Oliver Le Tardif (1601-1665) signed a petition in Kebec to settle company disputes by Royal authority.
August 26: Kebec, marriage (II)-Guillemette Hebert, Metis b-1606, died October 20, 1684, Quebec, daughter (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1727) and (I)-Marie Rollet d-1649; married August 26, 1621, Kebec, Guillaume Couillard (see 1602)
August 26: Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663) who some say preceded the Herbert’s to Kebec. married (II)-Marie Guillaumette Herbert,Metis, (1606-1684), daughter of (I)-Louis Herbert, born 1575 died January 25, 1627 and (I)-Marie Rollet (d-1649) (some suggest she died May 27, 1619). It is believed Couillard is the second recorded marriage in Kebec.(see 1602)
September 10: King James I of Great Britain ignored the French Acadian claims and granted Acadia ( Nova Scotia), New Brunswick and Cape Gaspe to the St. Croix River in fact all of Canada to (I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640); a Scott. Alexander had convinced the King that he needed a New Scotlande comparable to New France, New Holland and New England. (I)-Alexander was made Lord Proprietor of the new territory, Acadia, to be called Nova Scotia. Alexander was to setup a colony called New Scotlande. (I)-Alexander however was unable to establish a settlement in the next six years. The term New Scotlande in Latin reads Nova Scotia.
October 24: Kebec, birth (II)-Eustache Martin, Metis, b-1621, Kebec, son of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage and or Marguerite Langlois, Metis b-1611; See 1609 – 1610 & 1624.
1622
Population of Kebec 69 French + 16 Huron
(I)-Le Baillif, a native of Amiens, France arrived Tadoussuc. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) claimed he was a vicious man.
(I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1632) and Grenolle met with the Ojibwa at Sault Ste Marie.
Guillaume Poulin, the Recollect, reached the Nipissing and encountered the Iroquois, suffering torture at their hands.
The Virginia Company allowed any Englishman who agreed to take 250 people to Virginia at his own expense, to choose a tract of land in the colony, of 1,250 acres or more. He would be given the powers of local self-government. Unfortunately, they didn’t negotiate the land acquisition with the inhabiting Indians. Powhatan, the brother of Pocahontas, died, and his brother, Opechancanough, resented the steady encroachment of the English on their cornfields. The Indians attacked the English, killing 347 colonists in Virginia.
A settlement is begun at Piscataquia (Kittery Point, Maine) and Monhegan Island, Maine.
March 20: Louis XIII merged the Compagne de Montmorency and the older Compagne des Matchands de Rouen and de Saint Malo, under the direction of the William de Caens- a Calvinist.
June: (I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640) sent colonists from Scotland to Acadia ( Nova Scotia), but they wintered at St. John’s, Newfoundland.
1623
Population of Kebec 36 French + 16 Huron
(I)-Etienne Brule an intermediary for the Hurons and French since 1611 came to Kebec with Desmaris. Etienne was given over to the English, he was killed and eaten by the Hurons.
(I)-Jean Le Cocq was killed by a block at Kebec.
(I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627) is granted more land at Kebec. He was granted 10 acres in 1616.
(II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) 1st married an Micmac Indian Woman and they had 3 Metis daughters and one Metis son. One daughter Antoinette became an Ursuline nun. He had a second marriage to Francois Jacquelin to improve his standing in France she was more of a business partner. He was likely a bigamist.
(I)-Jean Le Cocq, died 1623 Kebec.
(I)-Oliver Le Tardif (1601-1665) is serving as an interpreter, that he was proficient in the Montagnais, Algonkin, and Huron dialects.
A road was completed to the upper town of Kebec.
A delegation of western savages arrived in Kebec to trade, and they complained that the Huron and some Algonkin had held them up and robbed them of much of their cargo, as they were being bypassed in trade.
Father (I)-Nicolas Viel, d-1625, a Recollet, and lay brother (I)-Gabriel Sagard Theodat d-1636, visited the Huron (Wendat). Friar (I)-Gabriel Sagard Theodat d-1636, a Recollet considered the savages quite kind, more so than many civilized people, but he condemned their religious ignorance and stressed the need for them to learn to live like Frenchmen. The missionaries found the savages going about naked most disconcerting. Trial marriage also disturbed them, but the Huron could not understand why these French are so coy when other Frenchmen previously encountered had not rejected the advances of the young unmarried girls. Friar (I)-Gabrial Sagard noted that several French men are in the interior; one 100 leagues north of the lakes, with the Neutrals and Tobacco nations. This is likely a second hand story, as the Neutrals and Tobacco Nations are south of the lakes.
Friar Gabriel Theodat Sagard, a Recollet complained bitterly of the hardships endured by traveling and living with the savages when they established a mission at Quienonascaran.
Fort Nassau (Gloucester, New Jersey) is established this year.
Fort Orange is established on the Hudson River, New York.
(I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640) and his settlers arrived Cape Sable but found the region in full possession by the French so he returned to England.
Since I came out of the ship, I never ate anything but peas, and loblollie (that is water gruel) as for deer or venison I never saw any since I came into this land, there is indeed some fowl, but we are not allowed to go, and get it, but must work hard both early, and later for a mess of water gruel, and a mouthful of bread, and beef, a mouthful of bread for a penny loaf must serve for 4 men….–Richard Frethorne, 1623
February 4: Henri II, Due de Montmorency (1595-1632), Grand Admiral of France, began the feudal land system in Canada by granting the fief of Sault au Matelot to (I)-Louis Herbert (1575-1627). This grant is based on an assumption that all lands discovered belong to the King. Originally, most people believed God owned all the lands and men were only the caretakers. When ancient Middle East peoples invented the belief that Kings are gods, a natural conclusion is a belief that the King owned the land.
April 7: George Calvert (1580-1632) obtained a Royal Charter for the Province of Avalon, Newfoundland, which he acquired from William Vaughn.
June 28: (I)-Gabriel Theodat Sagard a Recollet frier, d-1636 arrived this date Kebec. He would return to France in 1625 to write a history of New France. He was possessed with Demonic possessions and of diabolical apparitions. He had an undeniable credulousness. It was his testimony that destroyed (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633) reputation with (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635). It’s possible he also poisoned the Huron mind against Brule and the belief he was killed because of immorality with the Indian women..
1624
Population of Kebec 47 French + 10 Huron + 1 birth
(I)-Pilote Gascoin arrived Kabec this year.
(I)-Jacques Alard Halard et Allard dit Labarre arrived Quebec 1621 and is at Tadoussac in 1624.
(I)-Acadia, marriage Charles de LaTour to a Louise Sauvagesse, d-1704. Charles married a native woman of the First Nations in 1624 and he had a daughter, (II)-Jeanne de LaTour, Metis born in 1625, who married c. 1655 Martin de Martignon d’Apprendisteguy, a Basque who raised his Metis family in La Rochelle, France. Charles had previously had other children including a son by another Indian woman who was named (II)-Stephen La Tour, Metis. It’s highly likely Martins Metis children returned to New France maybe under the sir name Martin as Basques were not appreciated in New France. (See 1642 Pierre Martin, very interesting?)
(I)-Nicolas Pivert and wife Marguerite Lesage, d-November 20, 1643 Kebec are living Kebec at this time.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), lieutenant of the Compagnie de Chaen, laid the cornerstone for a new stone Habitation at Kebec on the site of the original one.
Only Father (I)-Le Caron, (1586-1632) Recollet, remained at the mission Quienonascaran, Huronia to service 30,000 Savages.
The Recollet Gabriel Sagard, d-1636 began his campaign to discredit (I)-Etienne Brue (Brule) (1592-1632) because of his loose morals with his Country wife a Huron with whom he fathered a number of Metis children. Sagard also claimed Brule was working with the free trading fur merchants.
The Recollet had established six missions in New France: Tadoussac, Kebec, Trois Rivieres, Carhagouha in Huron Country, and one among the Nipissing. Another location is Acadia on St. John River being established in 1619 and closed 1624. The Recollet by their charter were forbidden to own property. Trois Rivieres was a major historic trading center and was occupied by the French free traders during the English occupation.
The Iroquois came to trade and make peace with the Huron and Algonkin. Champlain agreed to mediate and could have achieved a lasting peace. The Company Directors, however were horrified, as peace would allow the savages to divert some of the trade to the Dutch. This all or nothing philosophy, derived from One God, One King, One Church principle, is the foundation of war. The French failed to understand that the Indians had practiced free trade for generations. The Indians also practiced the freedom of religion. The French would instigate measures to ensure that peace was not achieved.
A peace treaty is established between the French, Algonquins, Wendat (Huron) and the Iroquois.
Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642), at age 39 years, became Chief Minister to the French Crown until 1642. He, in effect controlled France and, therefore, became the absolute master of New France. He imposed a New France monopoly on all commerce and proclaimed equal rights to all baptized Natives. Church and State would later repeal this order. He basically imposed absolutism on New France. Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642), believed that the colonies exist to enrich the mother country by exporting raw materials and by importing finished manufactured products. This philosophy, with slight modifications, became entrenched into Canadian culture and survives, especially in the Liberal Party, into the twenty first century.
Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642), began recruiting a hundred French-Roman Catholic men of wealth and affluence to make a covenant with the King for control of New France. (VIII)-Francis Xavier Garneau, however, would later write that Cardinal Richelieu committed a ‘great mistake’ when he consented to exclude the Protestants from New France. Xavier fully understood the implications of not giving equal rights to Protestants or non-baptized persons. The Roman Catholic Church contributed to the creation of a cast system in Canada that would remain into current times. As a result many mixed marriages and Metis offspring were not recognized.
The Company of New France was personally controlled and managed by Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642). The Company was given authority over America from Florida to the Artic Circle, from New Found Land to Lake Huron. Only Roman Catholics were allowed to join and no Huguenot or foreigner is allowed into New France.
Gabriel Sagard, the Recollet, denounced (I)- Etienne Brule (1591-1633), claiming he was working for the fur merchants who were opponents of Compagnie de Chaen. This is likely a false allegation because Brule had a country wife and fathered a number of Metis children and the Recollet considered this an immoral act, Demonic possession.
The Dutch West India Company established Fort Orange (Albany).
Robert Gorges established a colony at Agamenticus (York, Maine).
Helen Boulle departed Tadoussac for France
–Journals of the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1624, on life in Virginia during the Starving Times
So lamentable was our scarcity that we were constrained to eat dogs, cats, rats, snakes, toadstools, horsehides, and what not. One man out of the misery he endured, killing his wife, powdered her up to eat her, for which he was burned. Many besides fed on the corpses of dead men, and one who had gotten insatiable out of custom to that food could not be restrained until such time as he was executed for it.
January 4: Kebec, baptism, (II)-Marguerite Martin, the daughter of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’ecossais (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, (Metis or savage), b-1611, was baptized at Quebec, on January 4, 1624 and displayed the freshness of her thirteen years against the mature thirties that her suitor had already accumulated. The young girl was assisted by her godfather and godmother, Nicolas Pivert and Marguerite Lesage and Guillaume Hebert . What probably appeared to her as a fortune was the 200 livres promised from her groom to her, plus a dowry of 50 livres. The couple benefited also from the 100 livres in silver which Abraham Martin gave Etienne after the wedding, plus utensils and clothes valued at 64 livres. The godfather and godmother, who had no children, also gave a gift of 100 livres, in silver, several articles of clothing and utensils appraised at 260 livres, for a total value of 524 livres. Also noted was the presence of Guillaume Hebert, Olivier Tardif/LeTardif, general clerk and Adrien Duchesne, the first surgeon of Quebec. Also see 1609 – 1610
January 4: (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis, born January 4, 1624, Kebec, died November 25, 1679, Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’ecossais, (1589-1664) and savage and or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?); married May 22, 1638, Kebec, (I)-Etienne Racine (1607-1689). Thierry Des Dames is godfather of (II)-Marguerite Martin, a girl of (I)-Abraham Martin, in 1624, Kebec . Marguerite Lesage, wife of (I)-Nicolas Pivert is godmother to (II)-Marguerite Martin.
August 15: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), lieutenant of the Compagnie de Chaen, departed Kebec, arriving at Dieppe, France on October 1.
October 18: King James I created the order of Knights Baronet of Acadia ( Nova Scotia). Any man could become a Baronet of Acadia ( Nova Scotia) if he lived on his grant of land or paid £150.
September: One of the Compagnie de Caen’s vessels, on its way to New France, is captured by the Turks, and the Frenchmen are carried away as slaves.
1625
Population of Kebec 59 French + 1 birth
(I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) married Julienne Barry (Baril), possible daughter (I)-Jean Barry, d-1658, servant Lambert, one son born 1626 (II)-Francois Boucher b-1626 Not included in Tanguy list families in 1629. 2nd marriage 1632 Perinne Malet (1606-1687), neither women are mentioned anywhere, therefore possible savages?
Some contend (I)-Etienne Brule (1592-1632) was in the Detroit area 1625/1626.
(II)-Louise Couillard, Metis, b-1625 Kebec, daughter (I)-Guillaume Concillard and (II)-Guillemette Hebert, Metis, b-1606. (see 1602)
Jean Juchereau d-1661, Quebec, married 1625, (I)-Marie Langlois, died January 15, 1661, Quebec.
Acadia, marriage (II)-Charles De Saint Etienne De La Tour (1595-1665) son (I)-Claudew De Saint Etienne De La Tour; married Acadia Louise Mi’Kmaq a native person; the had four children (III)-Jeanne La Tour, Metis, who married Martin d’Aprendestiguy de Martigon’ (III)-Antoinette La Tour, Metis, who became a nun, (III)-Marie La Tour, Metis, who also became a nun and possibly a Metis son. The marriage was blessed in 1626 and the children were baptized . (III)-Stephen LaTour Metis a son of (II)-Charles LaTour was recorded as traveling with his father.
(II)-”Charles LaTour traveled the woods with 18 or 20 men, mingled with the savages and lived an infamous and libertine life, without any practice of religion, not even bothering to baptize the children they procreated and instead abandoned them to their poor, miserable mothers as the coureurs de bois still do today. These half-breed children, called METIS by the French, became some of the staunchest allies of the first French families of Acadia. Many of them were baptized by French missionaries and clung to the faith of their fathers. They diligently pursued the trade in furs that sealed the relationship between the worlds of their fathers and their mothers.”
Pierre Antoine Pastedechouan a young Montagnais is taken to France in 1620 for an education in French, Latin and is baptized and returned to Kebec this year..
Father/brother? Nicolas Viel, d-1625, a Recollet Father/brother left a dictionary of the Huron (Wendat) language. He died in the rapids of Sault-au-Recollet. The Jesuits lied and told France that the Recollets didn’t understand the Huron language. This was a cover up for their difficulty in learning the language.
The Jesuit (Black Robes) arrived Kebec this year. They resided with the Recolet Fathers as there was no room at Fort Kebec. Their effort to impose alien religion upon the savages was appreciated by few. The Jesuits were impervious to criticism on this score, believing that any unconvinced of the savages, was a small price to pay for salvation. Despite their diligent efforts, the number of actual converts remained small. The Jesuit were also impervious to the savage claim that they were spreading disease and were the main reason for the fall of the Huron Nation.
Friar Gabrial Sagard, d-1636 of the Recolettes wrote: The country is almost uninhabited (by the French) and uncultivated (less than 15 acres) and this through the negligence and lack of interest of the merchants who hitherto have been satisfied to get furs and profits out of it without having been willing to make any outlay for cultivation, settlement, or progress of the country. It is noteworthy that the French trading establishment Kebec numbered less than 70 people, and the religious, themselves refused to cultivate their own needs, expecting handouts from the garrison and Savages.
(II)-Charles (Turgis) de Saint-Etienne de La Tour (1595-1665), son (I)-Claude La Tour; 1st married 1625, Acadia, a Mi’Kmaw woman (1st of three marriages) daughter Chief Membertou. They had three daughters and one son. (III)-Jeanne de Saint-Etienne de la Tour, Metis, born this year, who married 1655 Pentagouet, Acadia, d’Apprendestiguy de Martignon. 2nd marriage La Tour put aside his Indian family and entered into a apologists union with Francoise Jacqueune, a Huguenot who died 1645: 3rd marriage February 24, 1653, Madamine d’Aulnay widow Charles d’Aulnay de Charinsay (1605-1650)
Father Nicolas Viel, d-1625 a Recollect drowned in the rapids, some suggest he drown in 1624 having only arrived June 28, 1623. Others suggest in the summer of 1625 on a voyage with the Huron to Kebec, the Huron threw him to his death with his disciples in the rapids above Hochelaga (Montreal), which from that time was named Sault au Recollet. Other accounts suggest they were killed for being witches and then they threw them into the river.
The historical period of 1625 to1658 is dominated by the Jesuits Relations Historia; a collection of Canadian missionary letters highly edited under censorship from a Jesuit perspective. The Jesuit Relations is a biased embellished plea for canonization based on the glories of martyrdom. The Jesuits are religious activists, organized along military lines. The Jesuit Order has wealth and power, along with access to the purse of the wealthy in France. The Jesuits are very familiar with the writings of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca (1490-1557) who lived among the Indians (1527-1537) and who urged a peaceful winning of the Indians to King and Church, saying that the Indians believed in God, heaven and the brotherhood of man and that the Indians are cultured, the Spanish and English being the real savages. The question becomes why, then, do the Jesuits pursue such an anti-Christian course of action. The answer is reflected in three of the rules of the Jesuit Order established by St. Ignatius Loyola.
* Rule #1 “All judgment laid aside, we ought to have our mind ready and prompt to obey, in all, the true Spouse of Christ Our Lord, which is our Holy Mother the Church hierarchical”. History has ruled that individuals are responsible for their own evil actions; they can’t use obedience to Church or State as an excuse for these actions. This rule effectively places the Church above God.
* Rule #13 “To be right in everything, we ought always to hold that white which I see, is black, if the hierarchical Church so decides it.” This is the greatest evil of all as it systemizes all the evils of mankind and especially organized religion. This systemic evil has woven its way into the current cultural fabric of our times. We now call resigning our free will as politics, or politically correct or its not my fault, its the system or its because of drugs, alcohol or gaming. machines, anything but self. This effectively removes honor, truth, wisdom and free will from the agenda of man.
* Rule #14 “No one can save himself without being predestined.” The Jesuits were told they were predestined for heaven by the hierarchical Church. It is noteworthy they were denied entry into China because China believed in God and the hierarchical Church didn’t want to repeat this error again so rule #13 was evoked. This supported their belief that the end justifies the means.
Some suggest I and the world are being unjust towards the actions of the Jesuits, that is why I have added these old world and new world comments. Their rules and actions are not supported by scripture as some contend. Finally, the civil courts are ruling on religious value cases, as the religious are unable to manage their own cultural sets of beliefs and values. We, however, still have a long way to go to right the wrongs of the past four hundred years.
The Jesuits Relations (1632-1673) speaks for itself. It deals with the conversion of the savages in the New Country. The Jesuits deliberately do not name men who are in their disfavor so as not to immortalize them. The Jesuits suggest the savages need to be subjugated just like the Romans subjugated Europe. The Jesuits apply this analogy to the Roman Catholic Church. Subjugation is considered a virtue, provided the Church is the subjugator. The fear of the Jesuits was well founded as, later, most agreed the Jesuits were extremely wicked men, the sepulchers of piety and religion, and ought to be destroyed and driven out of New France because they lacked integrity. All of Europe would eventually agree with this position and demand that they be driven out of Europe. The First of the Jesuit Blackrobes to arrive in the Canadian River Valley (St. Lawrence) are Charles Lalemant (1587-1674), Masse and Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) this year.
The Compagnie de Caen had sent out no settlers. Very little land is under cultivation, and the Huguenot Christians and Roman Catholic Christians are constantly squabbling. The colony had little to show for nearly twenty years effort.
This year, in ten days, pirates had seized 27 ships and 200 men off the New France coastal waters.
The savages presented three little girls to (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) to compensate for the killing of two Frenchmen and also to avert famine and to cement treaty. Champlain accepted the girls, although a French surgeon had asked for a savage girl as a wife and been refused by the French council.
New Netherlands in the Hudson River Valley has 200 settlers.
It is believed that Riviere des Prairies located in the northern portion of the Island of Montreal was named by (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) because his companion Francois des Prairies was lost there.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) is ordered back to France and (I)-William de Caen, a Calvinist, replaces him. The Jesuit immediately began to conspire against (I)-William de Caen, blaming him for the poor reception of the Jesuits. (I)-Raymond de la Ralde would replace him by the following year.
The parish Sault au Recollet aka La Visitation du Sault au Recollet is established this year.
January: Henri II, Duc de Montmorency (1595-1632), Grand Admiral of France and Viceroy of New France, resigned in favor of his nephew, Henri de Levis, Duc de Vantadour, who became Viceroy. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) remained as a lieutenant of the Compagnie de Chaen
January 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Couillard, Metis died November 23, 1641, Kebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); married November 3, 1637, Kebec, Oliver LeTardif, (see 1602)
April 1: Acadia ( Nova Scotia) was divided into two provinces with counties, bishoprics and baronetcies.
April 26: The Jesuits: (I)- Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649), Father Superior (I)- Charles Lalemant (1587-1674) and Father (I)- Enemond (Ennemond) Massie (1574-1646), with two lay brothers: (I)- Francois Charton and (I)- Gilbert Burel, arrived in Kebec (Quebec) on June 19, being the first of their Order. They are not well received either in the settlement or the Fort, and it is suggested they return to France. Only the Recollet Fathers would take them in out of charity. (I)-Jean de Brebeuf eventually went to live with the Huron (Wendat), and the rest remained near Fort Kebec. The Recollet missionary Father (I)- Nicholas Viel is deliberately drown in the Ottawa River near the Mountain of Hochelaga (Montreal). He is considered the first martyr in Canada. The Jesuit considered the Algonquin and Montagnais Savages as wretched tribes with universal ignorance and with moral depravity, idolatry, brutal savagery and foul nudity which are universal. Most New France citizens disliked the Jesuits and ignored Father (I)- Charles Lalemant (1587-1674), refusing to attend his services. Father (I)- Charles Lalemant is also known as Lallemant, L’Alemand, L’Amand, and Allemand. His birth is recorded as 1593 and November 17, 1587.
August 12: The mayor of Plymouth reported that 27 ships and 200 men had been taken in 10 days by pirates.
August 27: On the north eastern corner of Cape Breton the 48 gun, 600 ton, French man-of-war, the pride of the French navy the Le Chameau (the camel) was lost. All aboard, 316 persons perished and 180 bodies washed up on shore. Included in the dead were Me De Chazel, new Intendant of Quebec, de Louvigny, Governor Three Rivers and Jacques L’Hermitte a military engineer. Included were new recruits for Louisbourg, soms as young as age 14.
1626
Population of Kebec 74 French + 10 Huron + 1 birth
Kebec birth (II)-Francois Boucher son (I)- Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619 and Julienne Barry; married September 3, 1641, Kebec, Florence Gareman
(I)-Gervais Monier, a Recollet arrived Kebec.
(I)-Nicholas Pivert, his wife Marguerite Lesage, d-1643 and a niece, also with a hired hand, are at Cap Tourments, Beaupre attending to the Kebec cattle.
(I)-Oliver Le Tardif (1601-1665) was a sub-agent for the Hundred Associates (1626-1629) he gave up the keys to Kirk in 1629 and returned to France..
Acadia: (II)-Charles LaTour (1596-1665) son (I)-Claude de Saint Etienne La Tour, (II) Charles, lived among the Indians in Acadia since 1610 and married a Mi’Kmaq (Micmac) girl and they had 3 Metis daughters and one Metis son. He had a second bigamist union to (I)-Francois Jacquelin, a Huguenot to improve his standing in France and she to become a business partner. The marriage was more of a contractual arrangement. His 3rd marriage was to Madame Motin widow Charles de Menou de Charnizay aka Chevalier Charles d’Aulnay de Charinsay (1605-1650) and they had 5 more children.
(I)-Rene de Rohault proposed establishing a college at Kebec.
Kebec has only 18-20 acres under cultivation; mainly wheat, rye and peas.
Isle aux Couldres, 10 leagues below Kebec is established as a cattle colony with a few men to care for their needs.
Lobsters, or sea crabs, were caught by the French of St. Sauveur in their great poverty.
The Jesuits were amazed that the savages knew the name of Jesus and the Jesuits assumed the Basques had told them as they frequented this place (Kebec). However the Recolet Fathers had lived among the savages for at least 10 years. The Jesuit were amazed that the savages knew two days before a ship arrived at Kebec. When asked how they knew, they say they saw it in a dream.
The Basque fishermen controlled the fishery of the northeast coast of Canada from 1525 to 1626. They set up fishing camps where they set up scaffolding to dry codfish and built stone ovens to prepare whale oil. Their encounters with Natives, particularly the Micmac, were friendly. Tadoussac, Quebec, one of their major trading centers, is booming, with as many as twenty ships being in the port at one time. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), for the Compagnie de Caen, had imposed a monopoly, reducing the number to two ships per year, and the Tadoussac settlement consists of 40 people or less. It is likely the free-traders move to new locations about this time. Twenty two thousand furs are taken this year with the usual average being 12,000 -15,000. The Company of Merchants in France received a 40% return on their investment.
Some French free traders are wintering for trade 25 leagues above the Kebec settlement. Father Brebeuf would venture into this wintering region to assess the situation. This is likely Trois Rivieres which is a historic trading location.
About 20 ships visited Tadoussac but since the fur business was given to the Association they see only 2 ships once a year. They say 40 men are in New France devoted to the fur trade.
There appears to be two interpreters operating in Kebec and are well paid for their services. The Recollets have been try since 1615 to have them teach the Savage language but they have always refused.
It is estimated that 8,000 beaver and other furs were traded to the Dutch.
The Jesuits had succeeded in disrupting the affairs of New France and would now begin their campaign to establish a French Roman Catholic citizenship with the Jesuits in control. The French colony of Fort Kebec (Quebec) is in great distress due to lack of provisions, and Father (I)-Charles Lalemant (1587-1674) accepted a invitation of de la Ralde to return the Jesuits, except for five, to France. Only forty or fifty-five men remained at Fort Kebec (Quebec). The number of free traders is unknown.
The Dutch West India Company established New Amsterdam (New York City). They claimed to have purchased Manhattan Island for about forty dollars in trade goods. The Dutch are Protestant and love liberty, but have no surplus population to emigrate. The Dutch, English and French developed rivalry over trading commerce. The Dutch had established Fort Nassau (Gloucester, New Jersey) by this time.
A trading post is established at Penobscot Bay (Castine, Main).
Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649), the Jesuit, and Anne de Nouve traveled to Huronia. The Jesuit complained of the Calvinists at Tadoussac and would not be satisfied until all Protestant heretics were driven from New France and Roman Orthodox Catholic administrators are assigned. The Jesuit requested of the Kings Council that the fur trade be taken away from the Calvinists and given to the Jesuit, as these evil men are blocking the attempts to Christianize the savages. The French Calvinists, hearing of the Jesuit intrigue, curtailed supplies and obstructed the sailing of ships to New France. The Jesuit embraced the principle that the end justifies the means.
Pere Joseph visits the Neutrial People who considered the French magician, unsociable, rude, sad, and a melancholy people. It is likely that the Huron (Wendat) spread these stories so that they would not be by-passed in trade.
The Jesuit noted that some Savages can tell you two days before a ship is coming and the hour of its arrival.
Father Philibert Noyrot (1592-1629), a Jesuit, arrived Kebec with 20 workmen to build a residence for the Jesuit. Father Lalement immediately sent him back to France to have the Huguenots removed from the direction of the Mercantile Company resulting in the Company of New France. Noyrot attempted to send a year supply for the Jesuit and workman but De Caen stopped the ship at Hontleur, from resentment over Jesuit complaints of the Recollet conduct. The workmen had to be recalled due to lack of provisions.
Jesuit Father Philibert Noyrot (1592-1629) proposes to Cardinal Richelieu that missionary work in New France be organized and strengthened. The first 4 Jesuits arrive in Huronia under Father Paul Le Jeune.
The Mercantile Company only cleared one arpent of land in 22 years, an arpent is 191.85 English feet.
(I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) began expanding his Kebec facilities in 1626. This second fort was surrounded by ramparts of wood and soil
March 10: The Seigniory of Notre Dame des Anges, on the St. Charles River near Fort Kebec (Quebec), is the first of many grants to the Jesuits.
April 15: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), lieutenant of the Compagnie de Chaen, is ordered back to Kebec.
July: The Jesuits Fathers Brebeuf, Noue and Daillion left Quebec to re-establish a mission on Georgian Bay at the present site of Penetanguishene.
July 5: Champlain arrived in Kebec and completed the building of an outpost at Cap Tourmente.
August 1: Father (I)-Joseph de la Roche-Dallon (d’allion), a Recollet, accompanied the Jesuit to New France and went to the Neutral Nation.. More Recollet arrived including brother (I)-Gervas Mohier.
August 1: The Jesuit are allowed into New France and those arriving include:
Father (I)-Charles Lalemont, superior,
Father (I)-Enemond (Ennemond) Massee (1574-1646)
Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649)
Father (I)-Anne de Nouve (1587-1646)
Brother (I)-Gilbert Burel d-1635
Brother (I)-Jean Goffestre
Brother (I)-Francois Charrenton (Carton) d-1626
August 1: The Jesuit entered the Huron Country with a set of preconceived beliefs.
* The Savages are beggars.
* They consider the French less intelligent than themselves.
* Their rude and untutored minds, able to comprehend so little.
* They live licentious and lazy lives.
* Vices of the flesh are common among them.
* They are very dirty about their eating.
* They are covered with vermin in their cabins.
* They believe in the immortality of the soul.
* They call the sun Jesus and it is believed the Basques frequented Kebec and likely told them this.
* They believe that there is one who made all, but they do not render him any homage.
* They have physicians, and cure all kinds of disease.
August 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Couillard, Metis, died April 20, 1705, Kebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); 1st married October 7, 1637, Kebec, (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642): 2nd marriage November 12, 1648, Kebec, Nicolas Macard. Nicolet was first married to a Nipissing woman and had a daughter Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet., Metis.
October 20: Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) wintered among the Savages about 20-25 leagues from Kebec, returning March 27, 1627. It is noteworthy that after called the Savages lazy the Jesuit complain they can’t keep pace with the Savages and how hard they work is.
1627
Population of Kebec 71 French + 1 birth, this was 60 men, 5 women and 6 young girls. Those living outside Kebec and the Metis are not counted.
(I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1658), a physician, is in Kebec 1627-1629, others say 1621-1627 and built a cabin in the woods. He had asked for permission to take a savage wife but was turned down. It is likely he took a country anyway
(I)-Pierre Magnan, baptised 1627, arrived Kebec 1617, is killed by the Iroquois 1627
(I)-Francois Marguerie, from Normandy arrived Kebec 1617 as an interpreter to the Algonkins.
The Jesuits recorded that to the west from Kebec are 38 to 40 tribes of savages before the ocean sea of China.
Kebec started out with only one resident (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627) and wife (I)-Marie Rollet d-1649 epouse Hebout (Hubou). This is not true as Guillaume Couillard who married Hebert’s Metis daughter was farming at the same time as Herbert. Some call him the first tiller of the soil. The Jesuit said in 1636 he was seeking passage back to Old France in order to live under the laws of the true religion. The Jesuit could be confusing Louis with Marie’s second husband? Hebert had planted apple trees, that did quite well, but the cattle spoiled the trees. Others had escaped into the forests during the English occupation but the Hebert family remained to Kebec. Some suggest as many as 20 people remained in New France after the deportation of 1629.
The Jesuits concluded the Basque had frequented the savages near Fort Kebec before this period. From this date, Missionary work in Canada is restricted to Roman Catholics. No Protestant worship nor Protestant teaching is permitted in Canada. Many would pay lip service to the governing church and practice their religion in secret.
The Jesuit planted peas, rye, oats and Meslin this year.
New France had a population of 107. New England and Newfoundland had a population of 2,100, not counting the 4,000 fishermen.
The Superior of the Quebec mission, Father (I)-Charles Lalemant (1587-1674) decides that work cannot continue with the Huguenot in power. He lobbies Cardinal Richelieu, the powerful advisor to King Louis, to annul the traders’ charter. Little does he realise he bagan the down fall of New France. Richelieu does so, forming his own company, the Company of New France, headed by himself and composed of 100 Associates who each contribue 3,000 livres and together receive a fief running from the North Pole to Florida. The rules are: it is to form a Catholic colony, no foreign Protestants are allowed; the Company will defray the costs of running a mission, the seigneurial land system will be inaugurated and baptized Indians are entitled to French naturalization. They have a 15 year charter and a formidible budget. There are about 100 habitants in Quebec.
Philibert Noyrot secured permission to revoke the Nantes Edict of 1598 in New France, allowing religious and civil liberty to the Huguenot and thereby ensuring the Catholic fur trading monopoly and setting the stage to replace the less zealous Recollects in New France. Francois Marguerie arrived this season at Fort Kebec (Quebec).
(I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640), a Scott, joined forces with the Kirke brothers to create the Scottish and English Company, a pirate organization, to seize Port Royal and establish trade in Acadia and the St. Lawrence. The Kirke company captured Tadoussac and off the Gaspe Peninsula (Quebec) they captured the French ships with 400 settlers. David Kirke (1597-1654) held Tadoussac while brothers Lewis Kirke (1599-1660) and Thomas Kirke went on to take Kebec.
As of this date, all descendants of Frenchmen, as well as converted Natives, will be considered as French citizens and may live in France without further declaration of nationalization. Political rhetoric but largely ignored by New France especially the Jesuits.
It is recorded that upwards of 20 ships are in Tadoussac at one time this year, vying for trade.
Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642), while arranging to send settlers to New France, barred any non-Catholics from settling.
Virginia, New England had a population of 2,000 people who were basically engaged in the tobacco trade.
March: England and France again commence hostilities.
April 25: King Louis XIII’s minister, Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), revoked the charter of the Montmorency Company based on the Jesuit reports and formed the Compagnie de la Nouvelle France (Company of New France), also called the One Hundred Associates or Compagnie Des cents-associes. Huguenots, Calvinists or other aliens are excluded from joining the company, as are foreigners. Only Catholics are allowed to settle, and the company is required to settle 4,000 before 1643. Each settlement must support three priests. The Company, in perpetuity, gains the whole of New France, extending from Florida to the Arctic Circle in width, from New Found Land to the Great Lakes called the freshwater sea. The William de Caen charter had been revoked. The One Hundred Associates had full seigniorial ownership, a perpetual fur monopoly and a 15-year trade monopoly in New France, Acadia and Newfoundland. It is to nominate a Governor and settle 200 per year to 4,000 colonists by 1643. This population level, however, would not be achieved until about 1667. The Company of New France was unsuccessful in its goals. Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642), hoped to populate Kebec with settlers who were moved more by religious and patriotic motives than by the hope of economic enrichment.
June 21: (II)-Helene Martin, Metis, born June 21, 1627, Kebec daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’ecossais, (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?); married 1st. October 22, 1640, Kebec, (I)-Claude Etienne b-1610; married 2nd September 3, 1647, Kebec, (I)-Medard Chouart b-1621.
1628
Population of Kebec 34 + 21 Huron French, source Tanguay
The estimated French population of Fort Kebec (Quebec) is some 76 persons?
Basque fishermen are at Kebec.
A young man named Grec or Le Grec is in Kebec
Marguerite Couillard b-1628, Kebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard and Guillemette Herbert.
(I)-Nicolas Pivert and his wife Marguerite Lesage, died November 29, 1643, Kebec was at Cap Tourmentse this year.
Raymond de la Ralde attacked the English in Newfoundland.
Father Joseph de la Roche-Dallon (d’allion), a Recollet, went to Huron Country.
Friar Le Caron is at Kebec with brother Recollet. They discovered Foucher, who commanded Cape Tourmente and was disabled in a canoe on the river.
Montagnais dit Kebik (the Algonquian People) gave to (I)-Samuel Champlain (1570-1635) three young girls who he named Foi (Faith) b-1617, Esperance, b-1616 and Charity, b-1613 but Faith returned to her people.
The French, in 1687, claim that King Louis XIII established a new Company to which he conceded all countries of Canada including the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay). Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642), also a Duke, had recruited 100 investors to send 400 settlers to Kebec. The Company of New France issued an edict that no Huguenot or foreigner be allowed into New France. The charter obligated the Company to send 4,000 colonists before 1643. This however was beyond their ability, therefore in 1645 they turned it over to the inhabitants of Kebec. Their monopoly of the fur trade, with their debts and other obligations.
It is noted that the Huron have their own religion and do not want the Black Robes amongst them. The Huron believe in the immortality of the soul, and they believe they will go to heaven when they die. This accounts for the Recollect’s young servant boys’ (15-16 years old) reluctance to be converted.
King Charles I of England authorized the Thomas Kirk and his brothers, Lewis, John, James and David, along with other English merchants, to take possession of Canada. Captain Michel and ten French settlers who were in the service of Caens and were expelled as Huguenots. They were determined to seek vengence.
A trading post is established on the Kennebec, not far from Casco Bay, Maine.
Isle aux Couldres, 10 leagues below Kebec is destroyed by the Kirk brothers and they captured Nicholas Pivert, his wife and niece as well as the men who took care of the cattle.
(I)-Jean Nicollet de Belleborne (1598-1642) returned to Kebec and was appointed agent and interpreter and was sent 300 leagues to the west, to ‘The People of the Sea’, to secure a peace treaty. He was considered by the People as Manitouiriniou or the Wonderful Man. He met with 5,000 People and concluded peace and returned to Three Rivers.
(I)-Claude La Tour, (1570-1736+) the elder, a Huguenot is captured by David Kirk and sent to England and was imprisoned. He eventually deserted his French heritage and pledged allegiance to the English. His son (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) had fortified himself and gathered the Acadians in Fort La Tour near Cape Sable, Acadia. Kirk took Port Royal and captured the French fleet of 18 vessels on their way to Acadia.
(II)-Charles LaTour, (1595-1665) was captured in 1628 or 1629 and taken to England.
An English fleet moves into the St. Lawrence and is able to remain there until 1632
The first fleet sent by the Company of 100 Associates to Kebec is captured by the English.
January; (I)-Samuel Champlain (1570-1635) writes “Robert Giffard (d-1668), some time before, wished to have a young Indian woman to educate her & to marry her, but her people would not give her up to him, what ever offers he made.” It was customary for Canadian women to enter into marriages for the benefit of trade, but they rarely left their own villages, preferring instead that their husband visit when he could, and remain loyal to her people; but any offspring were raised in her own community. Obviously Robert wanted to take her away, and this was rarely acceptable.
February 2; (I)-Samuel Champlain (1570-1635) officially adopted three young girls, aged 11, 12 and 15; whom he named Faith, Hope and Charity. The girls were given instruction from some of the veteran women, who taught them how to dress and behave as good French wives; But the young girls were miserable, and missed their old lives and families at Tadoussac. When the Kirk brothers arrive things were settled. Faith, Hope and Charity were taken as prisoners, of the English, thrown into the hold and the trap door nailed shut. To make matters worse, Marsolet had taken a fancy to young Hope, but when she spurned his advances, he turned his attention to her sister Charity; who threatened to tear his heart out and eat it. Out of revenge, he told Kirke that the Montagnais wanted them back or they would wage war on the British, hoping that Kirke would then release the girls into his custody, with a promise to take them home. Instead, they were invited to dine with the captain, and after getting assurances that they would not incite war, he allowed them to remain with Guillaume Couillard, who would be staying on under British rule.
February 12: France marriage (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668), a physician, to Marie Renocard, b-1659, Tanguay obviously is confused:
Remember this is the man who wanted a savage girl as a wife and was turned down by the council, so he built a cabin in the woods.
March: Jarvis Kirke, a merchant of London, outfitted three ships manned by 200 men to set sail and capture Kebec for the English. He captured the French Company of New France ships en route and the trading post at Tadoussac. David Kirke alias Kertks (1597-1654) a French Huguenot sailing for England was sent to demand the surrender of Kebec. The remaining supply ships were captured, numbering 11 ships, and 600 prisoners were taken and returned to France. David Kirke alias Kertks (1597-1654) returned to London and was confident he could return next year and finish the job. This action was the damnation of many French Canadians. The Kertks were French Huguenots who escaped French Religious persecution by fleeing to England. It is ironic how the French in their religious fanaticism breed hate that returns to pay them back.
April 27: Kebec, the plow is first used in Canada by (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663), son-in-law of (I)-Louis Herbert (1575-1727). France had no desire for Canada to go to agriculture.
April 29: (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663), (I)-Louis Hebert’s son-in-law, is the first recorded person to use the plow in Canada.
May 6: The Council of the State of France gave the One Hundred Associates full seigniorial ownership, a perpetual fur monopoly and a 15 year trade monopoly in New France, Acadia and Newfoundland. The company is to nominate a governor to be appointed by the king, and settle 4,000 colonists by 1643.
July 10: The Company of Kirkes captured Tadoussac, Miscou, and Cap Tourmente and seized the 1st supply ship of the Hundred Associates before it reached Kebec. They demanded that (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) surrender. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) refused, and the Company of Kirkes assumed he did so from a position of strength so they withdrew. It is noteworthy that (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) would likely not be aware that the company he worked for had been replaced by the Hundred Associates. About 20 French Huguenots led by Desdames landed Kebec in a small boat and entered on friendly terms but soon began to pillage and burn, killing the cattle.
July 18: Returning to England, the Company of Kirkes encountered the French supply fleet off Gaspe. They engaged the fleet under command of Claude Roquemont de Brison (1570-1636) and captured the four ships. Roquemont and associates are taken to England as prisoners.
October 29: The third Huguenot war ended with the surrender of La Rochelle, France.
1629
Population of Kebec 76 French + 600 English + 1 marriage + 1 birth
When the Kirk brothers controlled New France only five women are noted: the widow of Hebert who was married to Guillaume Hubon, her daughter Marie Lamglois, married to Jean Juchereau, Guillemette Couillard wife of Abraham Martin and two women of lesser note, not remembered by name. They could be two of the five Indian girls married to Frenchmen before 1629. Some say the 17th century French had little detachment to people of other races or cultures that carried into the 18th century. Some religious took exception to these relationships especially the country marriages which they refused to record or their offspring.
Folks are split some suggest (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais and family was sent to France, during the English occupation, the other camp suggest they remained in New France. I would suggest that (I)-Abraham was sent to France and his wife and four children remained in New France. (II)-Helen was born 1627 and (II)-Marie born 1635 and no children born 1628-1634. The wife was most likely savage and therefore returned to her people, during the occupation.
The inhabitants of Kebec are forced to sign an allegiance to England, thereby renouncing their allegiance to France. Among those signing are the Herberts, Couillards and Piverts. The only ones who did not sign were those who escaped to live among the Indians and those others who were deported.
(I)-Le Baillif, a native of Amiens, France defected to the English. He ill-treated the French who remained in Kebec. He plundered the French stores of 3,500 to 4,000 beaver skins.
Breton a ships captain was in Canada this year and Kebec 1630
(II)-William Alexander’s son brought 70 settlers to Port Royal and built Charles Fort, New Scotlande.
(II)-Louis Couillard, Metis, b-1629 Kebec, son (I)-Guillaume Concillard and (II)-Guillemette Hebert, Metis b-1606; married 1653, Kebec, (II)-Genevieve Despres, b-1639, died May 11, 1706.
Sieur (I)-Jean Paul Godefroy (Godfroy) (1608-1681) returned to France with Champlain. He was back at Trois Rivieres in 1636.
(I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan arrived Kebec 1613 and worked as interpreter until the Kirk brothers arrived this year.
(I)-Francois Marguerie from Normandy arrived Kebec 1627 as interpreter to the Algonkins, and during the English occupation he lived with the Algonkins.
The Jesuits say Jacques Michel, a Huguenot led the English to Kebec.
(I)-Jacques Hertel d-1651, some say died August 10, 1651, an interpreter, took refuge among the Savages when the Kirke Brothers captured Kebec. (I)-Etienne Brule (1592-1632), an interpreter, also took refuge among the Indians as did (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (1587-1677), an interpreter at Tadoussac. Of the 13 known Frenchmen who remained in New France, 7 were interpreters. All these people likely had Metis families. (I)-Etienne Brule (1592-1632) and (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (1587-1677) refused to return to France not wanting to desert their Country wives and Metis families. It was also very clear that if they returned to France they would be hung because of false reports of the Recollets and (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635).
(I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne born 1598 and died October 9, 1642, Sillery; 1st known marriage about 1629 (or earlier) Nipissirinienne sauvagesse, b-1610 and one daughter resulted from this union, Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet, Metis; 2nd marriage 1737, Quebec, (II)-Marguerite Couillard Metis, (1626-1705), daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663) (died March 4, 1663 Kabec) and (II)-Guillaume Herbert (1606-1684), epouse November 12, 1646, Quebec (I)-Nicolas Macard dit Champagne died October 5, 1659, Quebec, Quebec. (I)-Jean and his family stayed in New France during the English occupation. He returned to Quebec 1632.
(I)-Samuel Champlain (1570-1635) took two of his girls, Esperance Montagnais, b-1616 and Charity Montagnais, b-1613 to Tadoussac for a trip to France but the Kirke Brothers refused to let them embark. The Kirkes had them placed in the care of (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespindcy (1591-1663) who arrived 1617 (son-in-law of (I)-Louis Hebert, (1575-1627)). No further mention is made of these girls. Others suggest: (I)-William Couillard (Coullart) who arrived 1613 and who Champlain said, he was one of the earliest settlers in Kebec. It was him who Champlain trusted the care of his two savage girls, who he considered his daughters, with a promise they would become foster parents until his return, him being sent to France by the English. It is said (I)-William is a son-in-law to Madame Hebert. Some say Louise Couillard b-1625 is his daughter. It is also interesting that (II)-Louise Couillard, (1625-1641) who married 1637, (I)-Oliver LeTardif, (1601-1665) and sister (II)-Marguerite Couillard, (1626-1705) who married 1637, (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) are believed by some to be the daughters of (I)-William?. See 1635 list of women in Kebec.
Father Francois Ragueneau, a Jesuit & Father (I)-Charles Lalemant (1587-1674) were sent back to France with Champlain.
London, authorized by Charles I, declared war on the Jesuits.
Mynheer Wouter Van Twiller is appointed Governor of the Providence of Nieuw Nederlandts (New Netherlands).
The Company of Adventurers to Canada captured the French party sent to meet the supply ships from France.
The Huguenots in France revolted against the French Crown.
Plans were made in 1626 to establish a college at Kebec by Rene de Rohault and his father but was interrupted by the Kirk Brothers.
(I)-Oliver le Jeune is believed to be the first slave to have been transported directly from Africa to Canada and sold this year. About 1,000 black people were bought from New England or the West Indies as slaves for New France to 1760. This, however, is misleading, as by 1759, there was 3,604 slaves in New France, including 1,132 of African origin. The Loyalists would bring another 2,000 black slaves.
King Charles I of England declared a private war by giving permission to make prize of all French and Spanish ships and their goods, at sea or land. The Scots sent 70 men (tua weemen) to occupy (Acadia) Port Royal and Baleine on Cape Breton Island. These privateers would be shipped home in 1633 after King Charles I married the sister of France’s King Louis XIII.
(I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640) finally secured his grant to Acadia by landing 70 Scot settlers in Port Royal. They would secure this site 1629-1632 when they were forced to leave.
Tanguay suggests the following census in 1629, Kebec.
He suggests their are only 4 families but the census suggests 8 families but the other 4 are likely French/Savage families. Namely: Jonquest – Couillard – Hubou – Hebert This excludes the Martin family
Recollets = 4
Jesuits = 4
Men =47
Women = 8
Enfants =15
Officers =22
TOTAL 100 Other records suggest the population is only 76 French, the balance may be with the Huron in the bush?
Emery de Caen is at Tadpussac and sends Froidemouche a French envoye to deliver a message that a peace treaty was signed but the envoye only made it to La Malbaie (Quebec)
The second fleet sent by the Company of 100 Associates to Kebec is captured by the English. The English Kirke brothers seize raid up and down the St. Lawrence and seize Kebec.
(I)-Francois Grave, sieur Du Pont (Pontegrave) (1560-1629) departed Kebec with Champlain and is believed to have died on the returning ship or in France.
February 4: The rival commercial interests of (I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640) and the Company of Kirke’s combined forces in support of the Calvinists under the Company of Adventurers to Canada, with a monopoly of the trade of the St Lawrence and the power to remove the French. The Kirke’s alias Kertks French Huguenots included David Kirke (1597-1654), Lewis Kirke (1599-1600), Thomas Kirke, John Kirke and James Kirke who were determined to drive the French from Canada and Acadia.
March: The Kirke brothers, with Jacques Michel, a deserter from Champlain, explained the sorry state of Kebec and again acting as pilot on the river guided the Kirks in the conquest of Canada. It is noteworthy that the Kirke brothers and Jacques Michel were Huguenots and some suggest it was out of revenge for the persecution of the Huguenots by French Catholics.
April 24: The Treaty of Susa established peace between France and England. The terms of the treaty were that all territory captured after the signing would be returned. The Company of Adventurers to Canada had already sailed.
May 16: Kebec, marriage, (I)-Guillaume Hubou, died May 13, 1653, Quebec; married Marie Rollet, died May 27, 1649, Kebec, veuve de (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627).
May 18: Kebec, birth (II)-Louis Couillard, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); married April 29, 1653, Genevieve Despres (see 1602)
June 15: The nine ships of the Company of Adventurers to Canada reached the Gaspe. The invading force is under the command of David Kirke alias Kirke (1597-1654); a French Huguenot and others say a mixed blood English-French with orders to take possession of the French colony. The Calvinists, including Jacques Michel, who were expelled from New France provided the English with full details of the desperate condition of New France and the ships that would sail this year.
July 1: James Stuart, Lord Ochiltree, who had been granted a barony by (I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640), landed 60 colonists at Baleine, Cape Breton Island. Most would depart by 1632, except for one of two families who elected to remain in Acadia ( Nova Scotia).
July: The Recollets were offered the protection of the Huron Nation to provide them shelter until such time as the French returned. The Recollets declined this offer and returned to France as English prisoners. The Recollet would later be highly criticized by their order for abandoning their missions. They however had no idea that Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis duc de Richelieu, (1585-1642) would prevent their return to New France and give 14 years of labor and all their missions to the Jesuit.
July: The Kebec settlement is near starvation; they are grubbing for roots. The English, through Basque fishermen, requested that Champlain surrender. The English interception of their supply ship at Tadoussac was the last straw. The men of the colony are fearful of the pending English attack. Some are no longer content to exist on starvation rations. Most of these colonists are convicts or indentured slaves. Some escaped into the woods during the confusion. They had little loyalty to (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) or their wives and children who remained in the Fort. They joined the bands of migrating Native hunters, which added to the growing ‘Bois Brule’ (burnt wood) Metis population. Most chose to live in freedom with the Natives rather than be killed or captured and returned to France via England. They chose to become free traders and explorer entrepreneurs. This would become a recurring theme in New France.
July 19: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Jean Nicollet (1598-1642) arrived with his country born daughter Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet a Nipissing Metis. Upon hearing the Kirke Brothers had taken Kebec he fled back into the woods to avoid deportation.
July 19: Captain Louis delivered an ultimatum of surrender on July 19. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), lieutenant, had no more then sixteen men at his command at this time, including the priests of St. Charles. In reality, only one man held the Fort, the others are in the woods in search of food. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) surrendered the Fort to Captain Louis and discovered that (I)-Etienne Brule (1582-1632) and (I)-Nicolas Marsolet de Saint Aignan (1587-1677), who had been living with the Wendat and Iroquois, had led the English to Fort Kebec (Quebec). This was Champlain’s account but Marsolet was living Tadoussac 1608-1635 at the time. Champlain hated Marsolet because he reported directly to the King. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) would plot (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633)’s future demise. Brule became the word to describe all those who renounced French rule to live with the Natives. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) attempted to barter to allow his two native girls about 17 & 12 years of age to return with him to France, but is refused by the English. One girl had previously returned to her People. The English shipped all the colonists to France by way of England, including the priests. (I)-Lewis Herbert’s family claimed to have escaped deportation and remained with the Indians and 7 free traders in New France. (I)- Etienne Brule (1591-1633) and (I)-Nicolas Marsolet de Saint Aignan (1587-1677) claimed they were taken by force, and they believed if they were taken to France they would be hung. This is to counter claims that they aided the Kirk Brothers. Others suggest it was Jacques Michel, who led the Kirke’s to victory over (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) .
July 19 (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) recounted: “Louis Kirke landed about 150 armed men and took possession of the settlement. He came to the fort to drive me out. He planted the English flag on one of the bastions, sounded the drum, assembled his soldiers and fired the cannon to signal his joy.”
July 22: David Kirke (1597-1654), Lewis Kirke (1599-1660) and Thomas Kirke stormed Fort Saint Louis built on the St Lawrence River in 1620. The Kirke’s alias Kertks were French Huguenots who escaped French Catholic persecution by escaping to England.
July 24: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) left Kebec as a prisoner of the Company of Adventurers to Canada.
(I)-Nicolas Pivert and his wife Marguerite Lesage, died November 29, 1643, Kebec are still in Kebec after (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) left Kebec.
July 25: The English encountered the French ship commanded by Emery de Caen, who also surrendered.
August 1: At Tadoussac, (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) reprimanded (I)- Etienne Brule (1591-1633) and (I)- Nicolas Marsolet de Saint Aignan (1587-1677) who had gone over to the Indians. Both men had fathered Metis children. Champlain had no authority over Marsolet and this bothered him greatly. Marsolet was one of 7 interpreters who remained in Kebec during the Kirk occupation, in fact he became great friends with the English brothers. He had three savage wives by country marriage.
August 24: Father (I)-Philibert Noyrut (1592-1629) is lost in a shipwreck off Cape Breton, as is Brother (I)-Louis Malot (1592-1629).
August 29: L’Estourneau wrecked off Canso, Nova Scotia, 14 died.
1630
Population of Kebec 26 French + 90 English. Others suggest the total population of Kebec was 103.
Some believe (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort is appointed Governor of Trois Rivieres this year. There was secret papers created by the Jesuits to make him acting Governor of New France in event of Champlain’s death.
Breton a ships captain was in Canada 1629 and Kebec 1630
The Plymouth Company established a trading post at the mouth of the Penobscot River (Maine)
(I)-Jacques Badeau d-1658 Quebec married Anne Ardouin d-1670.
(II)-Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet de Belleborne, Metis, b-1630 daughter (I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne born 1598 and died October 9, 1642, Sillery; and Nipissirinienne sauvagesse, b-1610.
(I)-Adrien du Chesne (Duchene), a surgeon, from Dieppe who arrived Kebec 1620. remained in Kebec with his wife during the English occupation. It is likely his wife was savage and with his skills he was considered an asset by the English. There is no record of children but they would not be recorded by the religious.
(I)-Francois Marguerie had fled the English to live among the Wendat (Huron) and learned their language to later become an interpreter.
Portugal Cove (St. Philips), Newfoundland is named after Portugal fishermen who occupied this area prior to this time.
The Great Puritan migration of the 1630′s had a profound impact on New England (American culture). These English and Scottish Puritans branched into the Congregational, Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, Unitarian, Quaker and other Protestant sects. Their Protestant ethic suggested the Roman Catholic Church had taken a wrong turn after the fifth century by adding forms, ceremonies and dogmas with no basis in the Holy Scriptures. They rejected the Church of England because they retained bishops, vestments and ritual. They wanted to worship as the early Christians had worshiped. The French Huguenots and Scotch, German, Scandinavian and Netherlands Calvinists are essentially Puritan in nature, differing only in details. Charles I is told by Bishop William Laud to considered the Puritans as blasphemous because they brushed aside candles, the cross, kneeling and chanting along with other forms of worship. Persecution by Bishop William Laud would drive 10,000 Puritans to New England over the next four years.
The Dutch colony of Rensselaerswyck is established near Fort Orange, New York.
New Amsterdam (New York), a Dutch colony, had 300 people by this date with neat gabled houses and a brick church. Baie Forteau in the Strait of Belle Island, is a long time Basque-whaling station.
The Iroquois gained ascendancy over the Algonquins, thanks to the firearms sold to them by the Dutch.
The third fleet sent by the Company of 100 Associates to Kebec is lost.
March 29: The Treaty of Saint Germain en Laye was signed by England and France. The colonies of Canada and Acadia were returned to France. King Charles I, however, had refused to restore the captured territories until further settlements were made.
April 30: (I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640) granted a barony in Acadia ( Nova Scotia), from Yarmouth to Lunenburg to (I)-Claude La Tour (1570-1736+) and (II)-Charles de La Tour (1595-1665) if Charles would defect to the English..
May 12: (I)-Claude de Saint Etienne de La Tour, (1570-1736+) who transferred his allegiance from France to England, enrolled his son (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665), a Frenchman, as an English baronet. (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) knew nothing of his father’s actions until his father appeared before Cape Sable, Acadia ( Nova Scotia) where (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665), the son, commanded the French Fort La Tour (Lomeron). (I)-Claude La Tour, (1570-1736+) the father, attempted to persuade (II)-Charles La Tour, the son, to surrender the Fort to the English, and when this failed, father fought son until (I)-Claude, the father, and the English withdrew. The English had promised land grants to entice the son to join the English. The English suffered significant losses after two assaults were repelled. As a result (I)-Claude La Tour (1570-1736+) and his second wife were reduced to beggary and settled in Port Royal, Acadia among the Scots who were settled there by (I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640). The first winter 30 of the original 70 Scot settlers died.
August 1: Saint Jacques de Dieppe, France, baptism Pierre Martin son of Abraham Martin and Marguedith Langlois is likely not Abraham (1589-1664)
The French Captain Marot arrived Fort La Tour with supplies of arms and ammunitions. The war ship was put under command of (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) who enticed his father to quit Port Royal and join him at Fort La Tour, which he did. He brought news that the Scots planned to attack Fort La Tour. (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) started construction of a new fort at the mouth of the St. John River to repel the English by sea and secure the river for trade..
1631
Population of Kebec 25 French + 76 English + 1 birth
One birth is recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Simon Baron, a Jesuit donnes and self taught surgeon arrived Chibou, Cape Breton Island.
(I)-Hubert Anselme ordered a vessel of the Company of the Hundred Associates to Tadoussac and in 1632 voyages de Champlain.
France: (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) is appointed Superior of the Jesuits in New France. He also is appointed to act as Governor of New France in case of any extraordinary event. He had the unusual power of superseding Champlain’s authority when he deemed it advisable.
(II)-Charles De Saint Etienne De La Tour Metis (1595-1665) is made a baronet of Nova Scotia by Sir William Alexander in 1631. (II)-Charles LaTour Metis was already a “seigneur d’Acadie” by de Bienville’s will. Also in 1631, Louis XIII of France grants (II)-Charles LaTour, (1595-1665) a concession at the mouth of the St.John River, now in New Brunswick, where he builds Fort Ste-Marie in Jemseg.
(II)-Nicole Madeleine Gareman b-1631 Kebec? daughter (I)-Pierre Gareman dit Garnier (in 1666 census) and Madeleine Charlot: married October 10, 1645, Quebec Rene Mezeray.
(II)-Louise Garnier, b-1631, Lachine, daughter (I)-Charles Garnier and Jeanne Labraye. Another daughter is b-1627 no location given and an older daughter Louise age nor location not given.
Marriage likely 1631, assumed St. Malo, France (I)-Sebastien Hayet aka Hayot dit Radisson married to Madeleine Herault aka Hainault, second marriage likely Metis or savage still alive in 1654 at Trois Rivieres.
FIVE CHILDREN ARE RECORDED
(II)-Francoise Radisson, no birth date given, but likely died young, is listed Tanguay
(II)-Marguerite Radisson b-1632, 1st married 1646, age 12 yrs. most likely Trois Rivieres? to Jean Vernon Grandmenil, Tanguay
The following children are considered to be half sisters and a half brother to (II)-Marguerite
(II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis, b-1636, married about 1653, likely Trois Rivieres, (I)-Claude Volant de St Claude, b-1636
(II)-Pierre Esprit Chouard dit Radisson Metis, (1636/40-1710) Marguerite is recorded as half sisters to (II)-Pierre.(*)
(II)-Elisabeth Radisson, Metis, (1638-1722)
#0 (II)-Pierre calls himself Peter Efprit Radiffon, likely his ‘S’ looked like ‘F’
#1 (II)-Pierre swore while in England, he was born 1636, St. Malo, France.
#2 A search for baptismal records suggests (II)-Pierre was not born St. Malo, France
#3 The English believed (II)-Pierre to be Italian not French. (**)
#4 Some claim (II)-Pierre is the son of Pierre Esprit Radisson, b-1590, Avagon, France and Madeleine Heraut.
#5 No record exists in New France that Pierre Esprit Radisson, b-1590, Avagon, France is in New France.
#6 (II)-Pierre claims he arrived Quebec, May 24, 1651.
#7 (II)-Pierre claims capture by the Mohawk Iroquois May 24, 1651 near Trois Rivieres & escaped October 29. 1653
#8 (II)-Pierre claims he was captured by the Irokoits in 1652
#9 (II)-Pierre claims to be among the Dutch in 1653, and claims to be from Trois Rivieres.
#10 The Dutch believed (II)-Pierre was an Indian
#11 (II)-Pierre claims to be in Holland January 4/7, 1654.
#12 (II)-Pierre claims to have married 1656, Trois Rivieres, Elizabeth, daughter Madeleine Hainault
#13 (II)-Pierre claims to be in Quebec May 17, 1654 and then Trois Rivieres to see ‘his relatives’ all at Trois Rivieres..
#14 (II)-Pierre claims ‘his relatives’ are his ‘natural parents’, and ‘Country People’, and ‘my brother, his wife & children’.
#15 (II)-Francoise Radisson, b-1636 married Quebec 1654, Trois Rivieres, Claude Volant (***) de St Claude, b-1636
#16 Some claim (II)-Pierre married England daughter of John Kirke.
#17 (II)-Pierre has been known to stretch the truth, if it serves his purposes.
#18 Some suggest (II)-Marguerite Radisson, b-1632 is (II)-Francoise Marguerite (1635-1677)
#19 (II)-Marguerite first child born June 1648, Trois Rivieres.
#20 (II)-Marguerite is living with (I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy (1608-1681) on November 25, 1646, as though a servant?
(*) This position of birth is very problematic, as is his claim of, ‘Country People’, as relatives.
Country People usually refers to mixed marriages Indian/European unions or Metis People.
(**) During my life time a Metis was said, by the English, to have a bit of Italian in them!
(***) Tanguay says Volant dit is deRadisson, (II) Pierre’s brother & family?
It is fairly obvious that the second (II)-Francoise, (II)-Pierre and (II)-Elizabeth are Metis, therefore not listed by Tanguay.
The English of Kebec are represented by Governor Captain Thomas Ker, originally from Dieppe, France, his brothers David and Louys Ker and Jacques Michel, also originally from Dieppe, all being Huguenots and are now working for the English. These English-Frenchmen are held responsible for the destruction and plunder of New France. The home and property of Madame (I)-Herbert is not damaged, nor her property taken. Her daughter and her husband are also not molested. They likely made some arrangements with the English. Sieur Brusle, a Frenchman, is also known to have gone over to the English during occupation but was killed by the Huron for unknown reasons. This must be a reference to (I)-Etienne Brule (1582-1633) who is killed in 1632. The Kirks brought the first known slave to Canada, a Negro or Moor slave, later to be sold to Le Bailly at Kebec for fifty ecus. The first recorded Black African slave in Canada was Oliver Le Jeune who was sold this year in Quebec. The Savages of the Kabec region had been trading and supporting the English during the years of occupation.
Slavery became a common practice in New France and the Church became the largest slave owner. Many have asked how could this happen, when in 1435 Pope Eugene IV in his Bull Sicut Dudum condemned slavery and those engaged in it, and those who ignore the Bull are excommunicated, ipso facto. In 1537, Pope Paul III issued the Bull Sublimis Deus that condemned slavery, Popes Gregory XIV, 1591, Pope Urban VIII, 1639, and Pope Benedict XIV, 1741 also condemned slavery. We can only assume those Jesuits and Religious Sisters who held slaves were automatically excommunicated, ipso facto.
King Charles I granted Cape Breton Island to Robert Gordon of Lochinvar and his son Robert Gordon.
February 8: Louis XIII named (I)-Charles de La Tour (1595-1665) Governor and Lieutenant General of New France.
February 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Elizabeth Couillard, Metis, died April 5, 1704 Chateau Richer daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); married November 27, 1645, Kebec (I)-Jean Guyon: Elizabeth was baptised, not by a French Priest, but by Anglais minister. Because during Kirk occupation, there was no priest in Kebec. Is this (I)-Jean Guyon who arrived Kebec 1619 and is possibly (I)-Jean Guton (Guton) (Dion) dir du Buisson (1592-1663)???
April 28: Luke Fox (Foxe) (1586-1635) departed London in search of the North West passage. He skirted the western shore of Hudson Bay and discovered relics of the 1612 Button expedition.
July 10: King Charles I instructed (I)-William Alexander (1577/80-1640) to give Port Royal back to the French and to destroy Fort William; built by his son (II)-William Alexander.
August 29: Luke Fox (Foxe) (1586-1635) met Thomas James (1593-1635), an English explorer, near Cape Henrietta Maria. Fox sailed into Foxe Channel as far as Cape Dorchester and established that the Hudson Bay did not offer a passage to the east.
September 7: Thomas James (1593-1635) sailed for two days before Luke Fox sailed from England to Hudson Bay, and they met by accident. Thomas James wintered on Charlton Island, James Bay. He recorded the presence, on nearby Danby Island, of stakes that were driven into the ground, being cut with a hatchet. Some speculate this represents the presence of Henry Hudson. Eskimo tradition suggests a live white boy is rescued from a boat in Hudson Straits with a dead white man. (I)-Claude de La Tour (1570-1736+) built a fort on Portland Point at the East Side of St. John harbor.
1632
No marriages, births or deaths recorded in Kebec.
Marriage (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687), 1 child reported 1st marriage, 5 children 2nd marriage.
(I)-Jean Bigot de Tourouvre, au Perche married 1633 Kebec, Thomine Chastel is in New France 1633 to 1636, however 1st child (II)-Francoise Bigot (most likely Metis) is born 1632 and 1st married 1647 Charles Guillebout and 2nd married May 8, 1659 Denis Briere, Kebec .
It is believed that 6 households of French remained in Kebec during the English occupation along with 7 interpreters who were living among the savages.
Francois Albert married Kabec Thomasse Gabarette.
(I)-Gilbert Burel, Jesuit lay brother returned to Kebec with LeJeune another lay brother.
Guillaume Guillemot, sieur Duplessis Bochart aka Duplessis Quebodo is a lieutenant of Emery de Caen in Kebec.
(II)-Marie Le Neuf, b-1632 likely France, December 5, 1702 L’egglise des Recollets, daughter (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie, b-1606 in Kebec 1636 and (II)-Marguerite Le Gardieur, b-1608, died 1697
(I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) Superior of the Jesuits in New France and acting Governor New France arrived Kebec. It’s likely (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort also arrived about this time to become Governor Trois Rivieres and under secret papers to act as Governor of New France in event of the death of Champlain. There is little doubt that (I)-Paul Le Jeune, Jesuit exercised his unusual authority, but he appears to always act through others.
P. Lejeune said mass at (I)-Guillaume Couillard’s house and Francais was not heard in past three years.
(I)-Jean Nicollet de Belleborne (1598-1642) returned from the interior after living 12 years among the savages, taking at least one wife and a 2nd wife in Kebec in 1637. He worked for the One Hundred Associates.
Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), executed Henri II, Due de Montmorency (1595-1632), Grand Admiral of France, for participating in an abortive revolt.
(I)-Etienne Brule (1592-1632), the first known Coureurs des Bois of Kebec, is killed by the Huron for unknown reasons. If the Jesuits are correct in saying he was much addicted to women, then it is highly likely that he was killed for impropriety. Others suggest he sided with the English and that being the reason he was killed. Still others suggest he killed another man and was killed for that reason. He left a Huron Country Wife and Metis children who were lost to history.
The Jesuits Fathers (I)-Antoine Daniel (1601-1648) and Ambrose Davost (1586-1643) went to Cape Breton this year, then moved to Fort Kebec in 1633.
(I)-Nicolas Denys Bras d’Or (1598-1688), a La Rochelle Merchant, sailed for La Have (Bridgewater, Nova Scotia), Acadia and would spend the next forty years trying to develop new colonies. They, Isaac de Razilly and Denys, first established a fur trading post then established fishing establishment at Port Rossignol (Liverpool, Nova Scotia). They also started a lumbering venture.
The (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663) and Herbert family is believed to be the first slave owners in New France.
(I)- Isaac de Razilly (1587-1635) with 300 soldiers and settlers arrived to reoccupy Acadia. Included are Charles De Menou, sieur d’Aulnay, Charmisy and likely Nicolas Denys. They founded a new colony at La Heve on September 8.
Father Gabriel Sagard wrote: The French themselves, better educated and raised in the school of faith, are becoming Savages for no better reason than that they live with the Savages. Father Paul Le Jeune wrote: Let no one be astonished at these acts of barbarism. Before the faith was received in Germany, Spain or England, those nations were not more civilized. Both these men had no understanding of the attraction for the Coureurs de Bois. Freedom, adventure and democracy, terms the French could not understand.
King Charles I of England effectively sold their interest in New France and L’Acadie to France for $240,000. The St. Lawrence River has been closed to Frenchmen during the past three years.
Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), of France, excluded the Recollets from New France, opening the field to complete Jesuit control. The Jesuits were to assimilate by civilizing and were to convert to French/Roman Catholic Christianity, the Savages of the New World. They had very little success but would continue towards this end until the mid to late twentieth century.
The Couillard-Hébert family receives the first slave of the colony. He is a Black boy from the West Indies. The historian Marcel Trudel has counted 4092 slaves throughout Canadian history, of which 2692 were Indians (the favorites of French-speakers) and 1400 Blacks (the favorites of English-speakers) owned by approximately 1400 masters. The region of Montréal dominates with 2077 slaves compared to 1059 for Québec and 114 for Trois-Rivières. Many were held by religious orders. Several marriages took place between French colonists and slaves (31 unions between with Indian slaves and 8 with Black slaves) which means that a number of Québécois today have slaves somewhere in their family trees.
March: The treaty of St. German En Laye restored New France and Acadia to France. New France, for the past three years, was under the rule of English free traders. Acadia Fort La Tour was not taken and much blood was shed before Port Royal, Acadia was returned. William de Caen, a Calvinist, is appointed Governor of New France because he is a man of means. (I)-Isaac de Razilly (1587-1636) was equipped to remove all English and Scots from Acadia by force if necessary. Port Royal promptly surrendered. Acadia is also restored to France, and (I)-William Alexander’s settlement returns to Scotland, except for one or two families who chose to remain among the French and Metis Acadians.
March 27: (I)-Isaac de Launoy de Razilly (1587-1636) and Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), agreed that (I)-Isaac de Razilly (1587-1636) was to take over Port Royal Acadia for the Company of New France. (I)-Isaac de Razilly (1587-1636) settled at Le Heve, built a Fort and brought 40 settlers out. English Governor Winthrop was concerned with the Le Heve Fort and ordered construction of a Fort at Boston, a Fort at Natascott and a plantation at Agawam.
May: (I)-Isaac de Launoy de Razilly (1587-1636) is named Lieutenant General for the King in New France and is granted a tract of land at Ste Croix.
June: (I)-Etienne Brule (1592-1632) is killed by the Hurons, likely near Penetanguishe, Ontario
July: The De Caen’s French ship, on July 4th, is lost in a storm not far from Fort Kebec. The Savages came to see the men, having discovered the abandoned ship grounded in the mud. This year a single French ship arrived at Fort Kebec with Captain Emery de Caen- brother of William, Guillaume Guillemmot, Sieur Duplessis Bouchart (Kerbordo or Quebordo?) with forty men including three Jesuit missionaries, Father Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664), Father Anne de Noue (1587-1646) and a lay brother- Gilbert Burel, but no Recollects. The English, under Kirke, turned Fort Kebec over to Caen. Kirke departed on July 13 with two shiploads of booty. The Hebert family and five other families had been allowed by the English to remain in Fort Kebec to protect their holdings. The Hebert family is likely allowed to remaim because they are Metis. Father Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664), a Jesuit of Huguenot parents, one of the three, in letter, said the Fort at Kebec and some huts on the Island of Hochelaga (Montreal), at Three Rivers and Tadoussac, along with a few fishermen’s log cabins on the St. Lawrence, is about all there is to show for the discovery of New France. The English-French had not only plundered but also burnt a greater part of the buildings. Captain Thomas Ker, a Frenchman, who had gone over to the English with David and Louys Ker, his brothers and one Jacques Michel d-1632, all are Huguenots, were involved in the destruction of Kebec. De Caen says the Kebec inventory of 9,000 beaver skins valued at 40,000 livres is missing. Madam Herbert, her family and most of her farm was intact but the Savages killed her cows. A little Negro and his French family were also left by the English. (I)-Jacques Hertel d-1651 in Canada since 1615 took refuge among the Savages when Kebec was captured and is recorded as the first farmer at Three Rivers. One however is hard pressed to place colonization much before this date. Even this modest toehold would not have been possible were it not for the Coureurs-des-Bois.
July 4: (I)-Charles de Memou d’Aulnay (1596-1650) arrived Acadia and later married Jeanne Motin daughter Louis Motin de Corcelles and Marie De Salins.
July 5: The French De Caen with the Jesuits Father Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) and Father Anne de Noue (1587-1646), arrived at Kebec but the English still occupied the fort.
July 13: The French, (I)-Emery de Caen and du Plessis Bouchart, finally entered Fort Kebec which the English handed over to them.
July 13: Three ships departed France for Acadia with 300 people mostly men but some say there might have been 12-15 women aboard.
August 25: The Canadians arrived Kebec; the Montagnard, the Huron, the Nation of the Bear (Huron), the Tobacco Nation, and the Nation of the Sorcerers (Hiroquois), and many others, arrived in 50 canoes.
September 8: (I)-Issac de Launoy de Razilly (1587-1635), Lieutenant General of New France, with three ships and 12-15 families, but with 300 men arrived at Acadia. Some suggest 40 families are settled at La Have, Acadia but this count must have included the mixed marriages with the Micmac. They built their settlement at La Have, on the site of Riverport, Nova Scotia. A Micmac village was located nearby. Subsidiary communities soon sprang up, Port Rossignel for fishing and Mirligueche for lumbering. (II)-Charles de La Tour (1595-1665) and (I)-Isaac de Razilly d’aulnay (1587-1636) was designated Lieutenant-General of all parts of New France called Canada and the Governor of Acadia, he returned to France, having assumed control of La Have, Port Royal and the Ste Croix region of Acadia. Some early names include Dugas, Gaudet, Landry and Aucoin. Names to arrive later include Lablanc, Cormier, Gallant, Legere, Saunier, Arsenault, Boudreau, Comeau, Robichaud, Theriault and Thibodeau, to name a few of the several hundred colonists. The colonists built dikes to reclaim the fertile lands of the Bay of Funday, rather than clear the forested upland areas. As a result, they posed no threat to the Micmac People and a great friendship grew between the Peoples. Many of the early French settlers took Micmac wives, and La Have was known as an Acadian Metis settlement. It is noteworthy that La Have from 1632 to 1635 was the capital of Acadia.
October 25: The Manitougache (Montagnait) asked shelter for his family as the Hiroquois had been seen near Kebec. The Jesuit said he and his sons are most welcome but girls and women are not allowed to sleep in our house. The Jesuit sleep in the Huron cabins with the men, girls, women and dogs but can’t provide sanctuary for the Huron. The Jesuits would not see that they had just rejected Jesus Christ by rejecting these girls and women. The first Europeans encountered drank blood (red wine) and ate wood (dry biscuits). The French they called Ouemichtigouchiou (man who work in wood). The Savages have long memories.
December 2: The Jesuit say from this date on we were required to wear raquettes (snow shoes). The Savages can jump like bucks or run like deer wearing these raquettes. They make shoes of elk skin that they use with these raquettes.
September 8: Charles Daniel (d-1661) attacked Ochiltree’s settlement, capturing the Fort and the colonists at Baleine, Cape Breton Island..
September 14: Most of the French settlers are deported from Kebec except for five families and 7 interpreters who are living with the Natives.
October 29: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) and the French prisoners reach England.
November 30: (I)-Claude de Saint Etienne de La Tour, (1570-1736+) a prisoner in England since 1628, is enrolled as a baronet of Acadia ( Nova Scotia) and transferred his allegiance to the English.
December: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) is in France urging the return of Canada to French control.
1633
One birth is recorded in Kebec, New France.
Barthelemi Bertaut aka Bertault, a gunsmith is listed as single but was involved in 44 court cases in Trois Rivieres
Pierre Bienvenu, savage; It is common practice for the French to give the savages French names. Savages at this time means wild, runners of the woods, free not under control of church or state.
Birth (II)-Jean Galeran Boucher son (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married September 1, 1650 Kebec, Jean Plante
(I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort is Governor of Trois Rivieres and would assume Governor New France upon the death of Champlain.
(I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot (1608-1681) returns to Kebec this year and is credited by some to be the official founder of Trois Riviers.
General du Plessis Bouchard, is at Tadoussac.
(I)-Oliver Le Tardif (1601-1665) returned to Kebec this year or next.
(I)-Jean Bigot de Tourouvre, au Perche married 1633 Kebec, Thomine Chastel is in New France 1633 to 1636, however 1st child (II)-Francoise Bigot is born 1632 and 1st married 1647 Charles Guillebout and 2nd married May 8, 1659 Denis Briere, Kebec .
(I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651), an interpreter, who took refuge among the Savages when the English captured Kebec is given a land grant at Trois Rivieres, being the first to settle there, he married 1641 Marie Marguerie. This is not likely as Trois Rivieres has been in use since 1615, however mostly as a trading center for the free traders.. Some suggest, 7 to 15 Frenchmen remained in New France during the British occupation.
(I)-Madame Coullart gave birth to a boy child, in Kebec.
De La Tour (a judge of Champlain) married Louise de sauvagesse, according to Tanguay. Date/location not identified.
Pastedechouan, savage was sent to France by the Recollects and is returned to Emery de Caen at Kebec with the name Pierre and he is given to the Jesuits as an interpreter.
Father (I)-Gilbert du Thet, d-1633, a Jesuit is killed by the English at St-Sauveur-Des-Monts, Kebec
Captain Thomas Ker, David Ker, Louis Ker and Jacques Michel all Frenchmen and alleged Huguenots had gone over to the English.
Frenchmen who took country wives were officially listed as single as country marriages were not considered as binding. Many early country marriages were not recorded and their children were recorded as savages.
The Huron said that the Hiroquois had killed three Frenchman this year.
Those Frenchmen who did not produce baptized children are not considered settlers in New France. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) produced no children therefore he was not a settler.
Lawyers are not allowed to immigrate to New France or even visit, by Royal decree. This policy remained in effect until 1765.
The first French ship to return after the English occupation stopped at Basque Scaffold near Tadoussac a place so called because the Basque go there to catch whales.
The French teach the Savages the art of bleeding to cure illness. Some of the Savages are using the French practice of blood letting to allow evil spirits to escape the body.
The Montagnard say he who made everything is called Atahocan. Others say the Manitou is God. They say Messou restored the world after it was lost in the waters (deluge) that drowned the whole world.
The Jesuits are now in full control, having effectively replaced the Recollect-Franciscans. They have a pathological desire to create a religious monopoly, with the state being sub-servant to Rome. This year marks an end to a century long quest by the Huguenots to establish a colony in Canada. Huguenots had to convert to Roman Catholic to remain in New France.
The Jesuits claim humility is born of truth, vanity of errors and falsehood. The Savages (Montagnais) claim liberty is by ‘right of Birth’. The Jesuits say they are real buffoons. It is noteworthy that the Jesuit in the future are expelled from most countries because of their intrigue and falsehoods.
Louis Amantacha, a Wendat (Huron), arrived at Fort Kebec and returned for his people who came with some 500 Wendat, followed a little later with 140 canoe furs. The Jesuit wished to return with the Wendat but are refused because they say the Algonquin might kill them. They would be allowed to go the next season.
The Huron (Wendat) are competitors with the Algonquin over the fur trade. Rumors abound that the Jesuits are more interested in beaver-skin than winning souls.
The Jesuit have two cows, two little heifers, and a little bull. They have two fat sows with 4 suckling little pigs. Monsieur (I)-Robert Giffard de Moncel (1587-1668) also has a cow.
It is estimated that 30,000 furs are being traded to the Dutch, exhausting the supply of furs in Iroquois territory. The Iroquois attacked the French on the St. Lawrence above Kebec, killing two French and wounding four others.
A party of French pirates plunder the English at Penobscott, Maine and said they were from the Isle of Rhe. It is believed (II)-Charles La Tour, (1595-1665) is believed behind this attack. They encountered an English sahallop commanded by Dixy Bull and robbed him of his goods. Dixy Bull as a result turned pirate and plundered Pemaquid, Maine. The English spent two months trying to find him without success.
More ships arrive La Have, Acadia with men and supplies but no women.
February 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Couillard, Metis, daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); 1st married October 25, 1648, Kebec, Francois Bissot: 2nd marriage September 7, 1675, Jacques De Lalande. Marguerite Lesage, wife of (I)-Nicolas Pivert is godmother to Marie Couillard.
March 1: Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), commanded (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) to take control of Fort Kebec with two hundred colonists including Fathers (I)-Antoine Daniel (1601-1648), (I)-Ambroise Davost (1586-1643), Father (I)-Ememond Masse and Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649). Sieur (I)-Jean de Bourdon arrived, an engineer and surveyor in the service of the crown. The objective is two fold: to harvest furs and souls.
April: The Jesuits were amazed at the harmony among and between the savage families living in such close proximity. The French would be squabbling all the time. They noted that the savage women have an equal voice in important matters. A man may promise you something, and, if he does not keep his promise, he thinks he is sufficiently excused when he tells you that his wife did not wish to do it. I told him then that he was the master, and that in France women do not rule their husbands. The Jesuit would try to overturn the culture of the country.
April: The Frenchmen from Old France are astonished that the Jesuit say nothing about the conversion of the Savages during the many years that they have been in New France. The Jesuit list numerous feeble reasons for their lack of progress. The Savages say the French are worthless, they are wicked men, they do not tell us what you, Father Eschom (Brebeuf), tell them, and never the less it is of importance that we ought to talk of it at the Council of the whole land. The implications are if the French traders don’t believe the Jesuit why should the Huron. It is noteworthy that the Savages listen to reason readily, not that they always follow it, but generally they urge nothing against a reason which carries convection in their mind. The Jesuit however often do not respond to reason especially if it contradicts pre-established beliefs about New France. Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649).was given the name Eschom when he visited the Huron this year. He likely departed from the trading post at Trois Rivieres. The Huron planted corn but only two families had stored any corn.
May 14: (I)- Olivier Le Jeune (d-1654), a Negro slave, named Oliver Le Jeune d-1654 belonging to (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663) is baptized at Fort Kebec. The Kirk brothers had abandoned him. Others suggest he was sold to Couillard.
May 14: Kebec, baptism, a Negro slave from Madagascar, who was sold by the English Captain Ker, a Frenchman, for fifty ecur to Le Bailly. Le Bailly eventually presented him to another family that is settled in Kebec.
May 19: News reached Kebec that an English ship had entered Tadoussac, (Quebec) a few days ago. They did not know if it was a trading vessel or if France and England was again at war. Everyone was upon his guard.
May 22: Kebec, three ships arrived, the Saint Piere at 150 tonnage, captain Pierre Gregoire, the Saint Jean at 160 tonnage, captain Pierre de Nesle and the Don-de-Dieu at 90 tonnage, captain Pierre Morieult.
May 22: Monsieur Emery de Caen gave the keys of Fort Kebec to Monsieur General du Plessis Bouchard who delivered them next year to Monsieur Samuel de Champlain (1570-1635), to take command of the ships according to the decree of Monseigneur the Cardinal.
May 23: France reclaims Kebec.
May 30: An Algonquin killed a Frenchman and is put in chains at Fort Kebec.
May 31: La Nasse, a Savage, reported to the Jesuit that he had a vision (a dream) that some Frenchman would be killed
June 2: The Hiroquois (Agnieeronons) near Trois Rivieres, (Quebec) killed two Frenchmen and wounded four others, one of whom died shortly afterwards, just as the savage La Nasse had dreamed.
June 23: Sieur General du Plessis Bouchard sent word that 12-14 canoes of Sorcerers is at Sainte Croix, 15 leagues above Kebec. A few days earlier a dozen called Iroquet had passed this location with no fear. The French called the Hiroquois Sorcerers because they consulted Manitou (God) who the Jesuit considered as the Devil. It is noteworthy that all the nations had no Devil concept and all consulted the Great Manitou (God) and would eventually also be called Sorcerers by the Jesuit.
June 28: The English are still at Tadoussac (Quebec) trading in brandy.
July 2: A Frenchman is struck down while washing his cloths in a brook near Fort Kebec. He died two days later and a Savage of the Petite Nation who struck him down was captured and taken to the fort.
July 10: The Jesuit received news that a Savage (Algonquian) was sick, a half-league from the Jesuit Residence. They took a canoe to the Savage cabins. They encountered a unnamed Frenchman near the cabins, who said that the Savages did not want to show their child to the French. The Jesuit implied this Frenchman maybe trading in brandy secretly.
July 13: (I)-Emery de Caen b-1606, a Huguenot is appointed Provisional Governor of New France, and he took formal possession this date along with Monsieur General du Plessis Bouchard. Some Frenchmen were still in the woods who do not appear before the others because they had surprised, massacred and eaten their companions. The survivors at Trois Rivieres are in pitiful shape.
August 16: The French ships departed Kebec for Old France.
November 5: The Huron showed the French a palisade village where French resided, the Hiroquois had burned it down and killed the occupants. It was noted that a field was cultivated and Indian corn was growing. This is likely Trois Rivieres?
1634
Two marriages, one birth and one death are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Simon Baron arrived Kebec 1634
(I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) one of the more famous Coureur Des Bois is believed to have reached the Mississippi River this year. He always wore a Chinese robe during his travels.
(I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne, b-1607, died August 12, 1697, Trois Rivieres is believed to be at Trois Rivieres this year. He was a syndic of Trois Rivieres, then judge of the seigniory of Champlain, Three Rivers was officially established this year. Some claim Guillaume was born 1620 and arrived Three Rivers 1633. However he was a syndin in 1633 age 13, not likely.
A brother and sister savage are given to the Jesuits who name them Brehault.
During the winter of 1633/1634 the Basque had left a boy at Gaspe to learn the language but the savages had him killed and ate him.
(II)-Jean Bigot, (most likely Metis), b-1634, Kebec, died September 24, 1648, Kebec son (I)-Jean Bigot de Tourouvre, au Perche who married 1633 Kebec, Thomine Chastel is in New France 1633 to 1636, however 1st child (II)-Francoise Bigot (most likely Metis) is born 1632 and 1st married 1647 Charles Guillebout and 2nd married May 8, 1659 Denis Briere, Kebec, 2nd child Jean born this year.
(II)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicole Lamaine, arrived this year Kebec with his family, he married April 8, 1649 Kebec his first wife Marie Madeleine (Chretienne) Ouebaddinoukoue, a Huron Indian girl, they had a son (III)-Jacques Boucher b-1650; his second marriage July 9, 1652 Kebec is (II)-Jeannie Crevier, b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard b-1619. He settled Trois Rivieres, likely about 1645, but may have located his Metis family at Trois Rivieres in 1642/43 while working Kebec. It’s noteworthy that sauvagesse married to Frenchmen were not welcome in Kebec unless they were baptized. Now Governor Pierre had the idea of creating a new people by the union of French men and Indian women. So it is likely his second wife was at least a Metis woman.
(I)-Martin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1634, married 1st. February 7, France Julienne Baril, d-1727; 2nd marriage 1628, France, (I)-Pierrine Mallet (1604-1687). Three child arrive with family (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1618, married September 3, 1641, Kebec, Florence Gareman; (II)-Louis Martin Boucher, b-1630 and (II)-Jean Galleran Boucher, b-1633.
(I)-Jasper Bouchard arrived Kabec 1634
(I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort, commandant of the new trading post at Trois Riveres, whose commission, likely since 1632, had been in the hands of (I)-Paul Le Jeune, (1591-1664) Superior of the Jesuits in New France. It is noteworthy that some believed Chasteaufort received his commission in 1630 but didn’t exercise it until 1634. Others suggest Monsieur de Maupertus was in charge of the trading post at Trois Rivieres (1635-1636). Could this be a reference to the old vs. new trading posts?
(I)-Jean Burbon arrived Kebec 1634
(I)-Zacharie Cloutier (1590-1677) married July 18, 1616, France, (I)-Xainte Dupont, arrived Kebec with a family of 7 this year.
(I)-Pierre Cluster arrived Kebec 1634
(I)-Jean Coste arrived Kebec 1634
(I)-Simon Baron, a Jesuit donnes and self taught surgeon arrived Kebec
(I)-Jean Cote (1603-1661) arrived Kebec 1634, married November 17, 1635, Kebec, (II)-Anne Martin daughter (I)-Abraham Martin and savage and/or Marquerite Langlois, b-1611, see 1624
(I)-Pierre Drouet a carpenter, died March 6, 1635, arrived Trois Rivieres to work for (I)-Nicolas Goupil, Sieur Laviolette (1604-1660), some suggest Nicolas Goupil and Laviolette are two different persons. Tanguay suggest Laviolette is an alias for Goupil.
Louis Amantacha Sainte Foy, a savage baptized in France is returned to Kebec.
(I)-Jean Guton (Guyon) (Dion) dit DuBuisson (1592-1663) married June 2, 1615, France (I)-Mathurine Madeleine Robin,d-1662, this family of 8 arrived Kebec this year. Or is this the (I)-Jean Guyon who arrived Kebec 1619?? Very suspicious!
(I)-Guillaume Guillemot, sieur Duplessis Bouchard aka Duplessis Quebodo a lieutenant of Emery de Caen transported (I)-Robert Giffard’s de Moncel (1587-1668) colony to Beauport and helped in the foundation of Trois Rivieres.
(I)-Jean Guyon, sieur du Buisson, a mason and educated man from Perche married Madeleine Boule
(I)-Noel Juchereau des Chastelets, arrived Kebec 1634
Manitouchatche La Nasse, a Savage is baptized a relative of Pierre Antoine, Savage.
Monsieur de Lauson is at Trois Rivieres this year.
(I)-Robert Lecorg arrived Kebec 1634
Sasousmat Marsolet, b-1605/09, a Savage is baptized and given the surname Marsolet.
(I)-Jacques Michel, a French Huguenot who brought the English to Kebec, died this year in Kebec.
Sieur (I)-Oliver is at Kebec (an interpreter of the Algonquins?).
(I)-Francois Petit Pre a Jesuit engage is captured by the Hiroquois in the spring of this year. He managed to escape to the Huron Nation.
Father (I)-Nicolect, a Recolect is believed to have been drowned by the Huron. This must apply to pre 1629 as the Recollet are not allowed into New France after 1632. This would be Father Nicolas Viel d-1625. He produced the first dictionary of the Huron Language.
Under the orders of (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), (I)-Nicolas Goupil, Sieur of Laviolette (1604-1660) travels to the mouth of the Saint-Maurice river to found a fur trading post and a fort. It will come to be known as Trois-Rivières. For a long time, this site will be one of the most advantageous for the activities of fur traders. Tanguay suggests Laviolette is an alias for Goupil, others however suggest Nicolas Goupil & Laviolette are two different persons.
By this year, more than 50 seigneuries were assigned along the St. Lawrence River. The seigneur or lord had to declare himself a vassal of the King. The soil belonged to the seigneur, but the King held the title to all lands. The King retained the mineral or subsoil rights and all oak trees on the property. The peasant settlers could only rent the land and were servants of the lord.
Cap de la Madeleine near Trois Rivieres (established July 1, 1634) is established this year and becomes the home of many Metis People..
Between 1634 and August 1663, while the colony was governed by the Compagnie des Cent Associes, about 262 filles a marier (marriageable girls) were recruited by individuals or by private religious groups who paid their travel expenses and provided for their lodging until they were married. It is noteworthy that savage girls sent to France for an education could return to Quebec under the Fille a Marier program or the Fille du Roi program. An interesting observation in the 1663-1665 lists of girls, was that no documentation followed the girls. They could in effect select their name and place of birth, which some did. It is also interesting that dit names often represents the given name taken at one time, that conflicts with a previous name given. If there is no conflict then dit is not used but there is no assurance the name given is correct. It is noteworthy that the good sisters prided themselves in the educated of a savage girl in reading and writing French, dressed as the French, learned the manners and home skills like sewing, cooking then you couldn’t tell them from the French girls. It stands to reason they would instruct them in selecting suitable names and birth places so as to attract the highest caliber Frenchmen in New France.
The brothers (I)-Noel Juchereau and (I)-Jean Juchereau de Meur are the first to hold the title seigneur. Some are given seigneurs, while others must buy them. Others suggest that (I)-Robert Giffard de Moncel (1587-1668) was the first to become a seigneur by obtaining the fief of Beauport a few miles below Kebec. Others to follow are Pierre Legardeau de Repentigny, Charles Legardeaur de Tilly, (I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie b-1606 and brother (I)-Michel Le Neuf du Herisson (1601-1642). It is noteworthy that the Jesuits also brought workmen, laborers and settlers to bring their seigneur lands into production.
The Huron People very reluctantly allowed the Jesuits to live among them. The people believed that maintaining harmony with nature and between other peoples was the highest order of existence. They believed the Jesuits offered disharmony, universal guilt, a vengeful God, sexual self-denial (which was one of the principle causes of illness), the fundamental inadequacy of man and the eternal fires of damnation. These were all very strange concepts and were alien to the People’s very ancient traditions that predated Christianity. As a Huron Chief said to Jesuit (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649): “You are talking of overthrowing the Country”. In short, freedom and democracy for slavery.
The Jesuit believe there is a divinity that made earth and men, but the People noticed they are more concerned with temples, priests, ceremonies and religious feasts. The Huron have only one wife, they don’t marry relatives, they believe in the immortality of the soul, they believe animals are immortal and have souls.
The Jesuit Father (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) attempted to ridicule a Montagnis Shaman, but only brought ridicule upon himself and his Church. The Jesuit (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) is amazed that the unhappy Savages do not know what the fires of Hell mean. (I)-Robert Giffard de Moncel (1587-1668), master surgeon, received a Seigniory at Beauport from the Company of New France. He is employing seven men to clear the land. A fur trader named (I)-La Violette and others occupy Trois Riviers (Quebec). These woodsmen, whom the Jesuits considered as having gone native, had fallen into the habit of making Trois Rivieres their winter quarters. The custom of wearing white scarves had already developed, whereas Fort Kebec woodsmen used red. Flamboyant dress, to these voyager traders, is a symbol of their freedom: a badge of honor. It is also noteworthy that home-brewed beer and wine made from domestic fruits are already commonly consumed.
The officials finally recognize Trois Rivieres, (Quebec), a trading center, upstream from Fort Kebec at the mouth of the Saint Maurice River, by building a fort in this location. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635), to confirm this recognition, built a fort forty miles upriver at Trois Riviers, he says, to check the Free-trading English seamen who had established trade during the French absence. The Fort is intended to ensure French Free-traders deal with Fort Kebec and not the English. Trois Rivieres remains the most popular starting point for exploration. The Company of one Hundred associates, created and controlled by Cardinal Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642), granted six arpents of land to the Jesuit.
THE KNOWN INHABITANTS OF TROIS RIVIERES
Trois Rivieres existed as fur trading post since 1615 but the period of 1629 to 1632 only included
Jack Hertel (1603-1651) who stayed during the English occupation and therefore was given a land grant in 1634 at Trois Rivieres, he is considered as the first settler and founder of Trois Rivieres. He is recorded at Trois Rivieres in 1633
Guillaume Isabel, was awarded 24 arpents of land at Trois Rivieres so it is likely he was here during the English occupation
Two unnamed Frenchmen are killed near Trois Rivieres, in 1633
There likely are up to 7 Frenchmen at Trois Rivieres during the English occupation but their names were not recorded because some practiced cannibalism.
Those who were at Trois Rivieres in 1633 are:
Marc Antoine de Brasdefer de Chateaufort, who was assumed to be governor of Trois Rivieres but his tenure was (1636-1639)
Barthelemi Birtaut aka Bertault
Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot (1608-1681)
Maurice Marguerise
New folks who were at Trois Rivieres in 1634 are:
General du Plessis Bouchard some contend he was Sieur Laviolette (1604-1660)
(I)-Nicolas Goupil?, Sieur Laviolette (1604-1660) was governor Trois Rivieres (1634-1636), He arrived Trois Rivers July 1, 1634 to build a fort and returned to France April 17, 1636. It is noteworthy that Laviolette is a dit nickname used by many folks at the time.
(I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer Commandant Trois Rivieres, commisiond in 1630 but arrived 1634, Governor (1636-1639)
Maupertus Commandant Trois Rivieres (1635-1636)
Pierre Droulet, d-1635
Larson
The Jesuits were assigned 6 arpents of land at Trois Rivieres but didn’t occupy it until 1637. However Trois Rivieres was used as a staging point to the interior missions.
New folks who were at Trois Rivieres in the fort proper. (1635-1649) first listed dates are from my records and may not be arrival date. You can go to that date and see my first entry. Keep in mind those who had no children were not considered as settlers, those who never married might not be listed, Coureur de Bois were usually not listed and Metis were excluded from most records.
Jacques Aubuchon, d-1681, first listed 1647
Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626, first recorded 1650
Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) arrived 1634, went to Huron country, 1642 in Quebec, at Trois Rivieres 1645 Indian wife and family 1642?
Emery Cailleteau, (1606-1653), first listed 1647
Chapelle de Jesuits, listed 1637
Martin Chauvin, b-1619, first recorded 1649
Claude David (1621-1681), first listed 1649
Antoine Desrosiers, first listed 1636
Sebastien Dodier Sr.?, first listed 1645
Sebastien Dodier Jr.?, first listed 1645
Bertrand Fafard dit Laframboise (1620-1660), first listed 1645
Thomas Godfroy de Normandville, d-1652, first recorded 1641
Pierre Guillet, b-1626 and brother Mathurin Guillet, both first recorded 1649
Elie Grimard, first recorded 1638
Jean Houdan dit Gaillarbois, no record
Claude Houssaya, no record
Guillaume Isabel, listed 1636 awarded 24 arpents of land
Pierre Michel Lefebvre (1616-1697), first listed 1645
Le fiel Pachirini, no record
Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697), first listed 1634
Martin de Repentigny, b-1619, first listed 1647
Jean Sauvaget, no record
Etienne Seigneuret (1620-1677), first listed 1647
Gilles Trottier, (1691-1655), first listed 1646
Jean Veron dit Grandmesnil, first listed 1646
Etienne Vien, (1613-1653), first listed 1653
The Island of Miskou, in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence is visited by fishermen from France, Portugal, Italy and many other regions.
Champlain arrived and fears the Savages are continuing trading with the English. Sieur Oliver, the interpreter, is in Kebec.
Meanwhile, (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) sends (I)-Jean Nicollet de Belleborne (1598-1742) to live among the tribes boarding the Great Lakes. Father (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664), the first superior of the Jesuit order in New France, suggested the making of beer and the building of a brewery. He also wintered with a hunting band of Montagnis. He found the experience extremely trying and concluded that the natives needed to be settled for conversion. He failed to learn their language. The Jesuit (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and two companions traveled to the Huron Country.
Four French vessels arrived with workmen and included (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1858) and his family. Eight families, in total, arrived this year. (I)-Gaspard Boucher arrived with his son (II)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) who settled 1643 or 1645 at Trois Rivieres. Pierre would spend 1637-1641 living at Huronia, assisting the missionaries. The Jesuit sent three recruits: Father (I)-Charles Lalemant (1587-1674), Father (I)-Jacques Buteux (1599-1652) and (I)-Jean Liegeois (1600-1655)- a lay brother. A missionary is sent to Trois Rivieres (Quebec). Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and Father (I)-Antoine Daniel (1601-1648) departed for Trois Rivieres. Commander (I)-du Plessis-Bouchard, (I)-Guillaume Couillard Lespinacy (1591-1663) Sieur de L’Espinay son in law (I)-Louis Hebert, (1575-1627) and Father (I)-Ambrose Davost (1586-1643) later departed for Trois Rivieres to meet the Wendat (Huron) coming down for trade. Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) attempted to secure passage with the Wendat into their country but The Partridge an Algonquian forbid them to take the Jesuits. After much discussion and threats, three Frenchmen, Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649), (I)-Fathers Antoine Daniel (1601-1648) and a Frenchman called (I)-Le Baronare, are allowed to enter the west to take over the Recollets mission to the Hurons. Father (I)-Ambrose Davost (1586-1643) managed to secure passage with a later fur trading party of Wendat. (I)-Jean Nicolet of Belleborne (1598-1642) also departed west about this time and would reach Wisconsin. (I)-Robert Le Coq ,a lay person, also traveled to Huronia and eventually became the Jesuit businessman of the Mission.
The Huron are decimated by disease and their numbers have been reduced by 12,000 to 15,000 persons since the arrival of the Black Robes. In every hut the Black Robes visit death follows. Where they don’t visit there is no sickness. The Jesuits do not see the trend or the cause and effect relationships as the Indians do. They are blinded by what they believe is an opportunity to save souls. The Huron begin to drive out the Jesuit with sticks and stones. The elders cry for their death, as they are accused of practicing sorcery.
Sillery, (Quebec) became the first Indian reservation in Canada funded by (I)-Noel Brulart de Sillary (1577-1640), but it failed by 1680 due to alcoholism, epidemic and difficulties adapting to a sedentary existence. The French are hoping the savages will give up their culture, religion and way of life to become ‘civilized’ farmers. It is noteworthy that these savages have been farming for over 5,000 years and have developed over 55% of all known food crops in the world. They also showed the French how to farm in Canada.
Father (I)-Jean de Quen (1603-1659) is erroneously credited with being the first to discover the Great Lake Pickouagham (Lake St. Jean) above Tadoussac, (Quebec) but a map produced in 1544 by Jean Alfonse shows this lake.
The engages of Kebec do not know where the Country of the Huron is, but these potential Coureurs des Bois would rather go to the Country of the Huron than to any other earthly paradise.
Three new families also arrived from France. The Huron (Wendat) arrived for trade, and the Jesuit party soon departed for the interior. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) told the Huron (Wendat) that as soon as they embraced the faith, the French would marry their daughters. It is noteworthy that the Jesuit refused to perform such marriages for fear the French would sink into the barbarism of the Savages. This is likely the beginning of the country marriage tradition in Canada. The Huron (Wendat) country, for a second year, experienced a drought, as though the Great Spirit was unhappy with the Jesuits being in that region. The Huron (Wendat) believed that the Jesuits were trying to destroy their people and ordered the cross be taken down. Seven years earlier, a cross had been raised in the same land and famine had followed.
The Jesuit College opened at Kebec, giving instruction in French, Huron, Latin and Montagnais. The Jesuits, Father (I)-Charles Lalemant (1587-1674), (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and (I)-Ememond Masse, arrival greatly affected the daily lives of the colonies and the Natives.
Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) commented on the men of his village who returned from a contest with another tribe. They are marching in bare feet in the snow, having lost their footwear, yet they are all in high spirits. Brebeuf visited 20 villages and estimates it represents 30,000 souls.
(II)-Charles LaTour, (1595-1665) disposed a company at Machias, (Maine) who had a trading house, killing two men and plundering their goods. (II)-Charles is Governor of Acadia, but a feud has developed with Charles de Menou de Charnizay aka Chevalier d’Aulnay d-1650 which culminates in 1645 when, Charles de Menou de Charnizay aka Chevalier d’Aulnay d-1650 burns down his property, kills his men and is responsible for his second wife’s death.
January 1: The ship Mary & Jane is stranded on Sable Island.
January 15: (I)-Robert Giffard de Beauport (1587-1658) obtained a concession to Beauport, Kebec.
January 19: Louys Saincte Foy is at the Nutural Nation.
February: The Jesuits report a Frenchman had wintered with the savages last year.
February 15: Six arpents of land at Trois Rivieres (Quebec) including seigniorial rights is given to the Jesuit but did not take possession until 1637. The merchants contend the Jesuit is only interested in land, furs and power.
March: (I)-Robert Giffard de Beauport (1587-1658), his wife and his children and about thirty colonists depart France for New France. Among them:
(I)-Jean Guyon du Boisson married 1634 Madeleine Boule
(I)-Zacharie Cloutier, (1590-1677) married Xainte Dupont (1596-1677), established Chateau Richer
(I)-Noel Langlois, (1606-1634) married 1634 Francoise Grenier (Garnieu), d-1665
(I)-Jean Juchereau de Maure (1592-1672)
(I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) married 1625 Julienne Barry
March 31: Some of the Savages are fearful of being poisoned by the French. When asked why, they said the English or French said the French would try to poison them.
April 5: The Montaignais savages reported the Huron had taken some Frenchmen prisoner to kill them for spreading diseases among the people.
March 13: Academie Francaise was established. Its task was to preserve the purity of the French language, which included maintaining a dictionary. Members came to be known as the “immortals”.
April 30: (I)-Jean Perrault and (I)-Andre (Antoine) Richard b-1600 arrived Kebec.
May 19: A French ship is reported at Tadoussac and three English ships are also there.
May 21: The Champlain party arrived at Fort Kebec, landing first at Tadoussac (Quebec). A few original settlers are claimed to still be at the Fort (Kebec) upon their arrival. (I)-Francois Marguerie, an interpreter, had been living with the Savages during the occupation and would receive a large grant of land in Trois Rivieres (Quebec) for his loyalty. The first Trois Rivieres (Quebec) settler is recorded as (I)-Jacques Hertel this year. Keep in mind a settler is one who has had a child baptized. Singles don’t qualify. Country marriages and Metis offspring also don’t qualify as settlers.
May 22: Kebec, four ships arrived led by captain du Plessart, captain Bontemps, captain Pierre de Neslf, and captain Deville. Lormel is captain of an English ship taken by the French. A bark lands independently. They contained 43 colonists of which 8 are the (I)-Jean Guyon (1592-1663) family and Champlain is among them..
May 23: Champlain arrived in Kebec with three ships loaded with supplies, workmen, a few soldiers, and even some women and children. Three Jesuits had returned the previous year.
May 24: Eighteen canoes of Savages descended to Kebec, but, sieur Samuel de Champlain (1570-1635), suspecting that they might go on to the English, who have three vessels at Tadoussac (Quebec) and a bark far up the Saint Lawrence River. Sieur Oliver, the interpreter, is sent to the cabins of the Savages to convince them not to trade to the French enemy, the English. The Savages did visit Kebec.
May 25: Sieur de Champlain (1570-1635) fearing the loss of trade made his famous speech; “when that great house (fort with an enclosed village) shall be built, (among the People), then our young men will marry your daughters, and we will be one people.” The Savages said if that should happen, we would be vary happy. The expectation was that the French would convert to their culture as Coureurs des Bois as that is the way of the Country. The expectations of the French was that the Savages would settle down in compounds near the French and become French converts.
May 26: Three days after (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) arrived in Kebec, the Canadians (Metis, and Algonquin) from Trois Rivieres, (Quebec) led by Kepitant, came in crowds for the usual bartering. There were eighteen canoes. Kepitant had been trading with the English for guns to defend themselves from the Iroquois who had guns. Some of the Canadians suggested they are on their way to trade with the English. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) feared they might proceed to Tadoussac (Quebec) to trade with the English. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) promised the Canadians that when the great house is built, our young men will marry your daughters and we shall be one people. Kepitant did not believe the words of Champlain.
May 31: A shallop from Tadoussac arrived Kebec bringing news that three vessels of the Associates had arrived. A 4th ship with General du Plessis Bouchard, General of the fleet also arrived. Captain Bontemps had captured an English ship. It is noteworthy that General Bouchard was fully aware of the trading center (or town as the Jesuits called it) of Trois Rivieres and its name before Champlain decided to build a fort in that location.
May 31: Kebec, arrival (I)-Louis Henry Pinguet (1590-1671) and wife (I)-Louise Lousche Boucher b-1589 and family:
(II)-Francoise Bouchier (1625-1661), married November 7, 1645, Pierre Launay (1645-1654), 2nd marriage 1655 Vincent Poirier
(II)-Pierre Boucher (1629-1704), married Anne Chevalier
(II)-Noel Pinguet (1630-1685) married Marie Madeliene Du Point
May 31: Kebec, arrived (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1658) others suggested d-1668 ( a cousin of (I)-Louis Henry Pinguet (1590-1671) above) and wife Marie Regnouard (1610-1665) This is the second trip to Kebec for Robert, first time he tried to marry an Indian girl but was refused in 1628.
June 4: Kebec, Captain de Nesle arrived Kebec with monsieur (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668), seigneur de Beauport, arrived Kabec June 4, 1634, married to (I)-Marie Renouard b-1659, who was pregnant and gave birth to one daughter (II)-Francoise is born June 12, 1634, Kebec (II)-Marie Giffard also born 1634. BUT in one place he says Marie Francoise Giffard is born 1628 in France and another place born 1634 Kebec? (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, d-1677, a carpenter and wife Xainte Dupont (1596-1677) arrived Kebec same date as (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668).
June 12: Kebec: birth (II)-Marie Giffard (1634-1657/65) daughter (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1658/1668), seigneur de Beauport, and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599/1659 Birth is also listed 1628 France.
June 12: Kebec: birth (II)-Marie Francoise Giffard, died August 11, 1665, Quebec daughter (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1658/1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599/1659: married November 21, 1645, Jean Junchereau. However Tanguay says she was born 1628 Kebec which sounds more likely.
June 24: Kebec Noel Langlois (1603/06-1684) arrived Kebec and married July 1634 Francoise Garnier (Grenier), Algonquin Metis d-1665.
June 24: Captain Morieult arrived Kebec.
June 24: The English ship, commanded by de Lormel arrived Kabec.
July: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) would established a fort at Trois Rivieres (Quebec) to protect the fur trade as the Huron and Algonquin frequent this location. There was great concern that some of the trade was going to the English from Trois Rivieres.
July: A young French Huguenot boy drowned right in front of Fort Kebec. A young man Bengalese who was baptized in France but originally from East Indies is laying sick in Kebec.
July 1: (I)- Nicolas Goupil?, Sieur Laviolette (1604-1660) arrived Trois Rivieres and was governor Trois Rivieres (1634-1636). He immediately commenced building a fort starting with a stockade. He departed New France April 17, 1636 to France. It is noteworthy that Laviolette is a dit nickname used by many folks at the time, his real name is unknown. Sieur Laviolette (1604-1660) was appointed and commissioned as de la Violette by Samuel de Champlain.
July 1: Father Breboeuf and Father Daniel left in a bark for Trois Rivieres to meet the Huron. They were to make a mission at Trois Rivieres. Father Davost from Tadoussac accompanied General du Plessis Bouchard who wanted to see the settlement and trading post at Trois Rivieres.
July 1: (I)-Jean Nicolet de Belleborne (1598-1642) departed Kebec with two fleets of canoes bound for Trois Rivieres, he was in the second fleet which was to explore the Upper Country. Both canoe fleets were involved in building a fort at Trois Rivieres. (I)-Jean went on to Lake Huron, Sault St. Marie, Lake Superior, the Straits of Mackinaw, Lake Michigan and Green Bay. He wore Chinese robes among the Winnebago (Winnipegou), the People of the Sea expecting to meet Chinese Mandarins. He only met the Dakota and Sioux but learned of the Missisepe (Mississippi) Great River. Some suggest he discovered the Mississippi but it was likely the Wiconsia River.
July 2: A Frenchman was struck down by a savage of the Petite Nation who says he was drunk when he struck the blow.
July 4: Some contend (I)-Nicolas Goupil, Sieur dit Laviolette (1604-1660) was governor Trois Rivieres from 1634 to 1636 but (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort was recorded as Governor Trois Rivieres 1630-1635 and Governor New France for 1/2 year in 1636 then back as commandant for Trois Rivieres. In fact its hard to find and reference to (I)-Nicolas Goupil, Sieur dit Laviolette (1604-1660) or any man named Goupil or sieur Laviolette in this time period. The Jesuit Relations does say that (I)-Marc Antoine de Brasdefer, sieur de Chasteaufort was Governor of Trois Rivieres for some time before assuming the Governorship of New France.
July 4: Louts Amantacha, a Huron savage is baptized in France and returned to Kebec.
July 4: Father Brebeauf records that when he arrived Trois Rivieres a trading post already existed in this location. Only eleven Huron canoes are at Trois Rivieres, at this time, when he arrived, due to threats from the Hiroquois. Brebeauf records that General du Plessis Bouchard arrived July 5, 1634. It is noteworthy that General du Plessis Bouchard upon arriving May 31, 1634 at Tadoussac, his first order of business was to visit the settlement of Trois Rivieres. It would appear that France was well aware of Trois Rivieres before and during the English occupation. Champlain likely complained in 1629 of those free traders, out of Trois Riviers, who trade with the English.
July 4: Trois Rivieres is claimed to officially established by (I)-Nicolas Goupil, Sieur dit Laviolette (1604-1660). some suggest Nicolas Goupil & Laviolette are two different people. HOWEVER (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) is the first official land owner and first settler, so he qualifies as the person who officially established Trois Rivieres and not Laviolette. Others claim Champlain officially established Trois Rivieres because he ordered construction of the fort.. The first records at Trois Rivieres commenced from this date with the arrival of the Jesuits. Activity from 1615 to 1634 birth, marriage and death goes mostly unreported, however at least 7 Frenchmen resided at Trois Rivieres during the English occupation 1629-1632 until the return in 1634 of Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635). It is also noteworthy that the Jesuits claim a town already exists at Trois Rivieres, therefore Laviolette cannot be claimed to have founded the town. The Jesuits also recorded the name of this town was Trois Rivieres. It is noteworthy that the Jesuit Relations makes no reference to a Nicolas Goupil or a sieur Laviolette, which they would surly have done, if he was a person of importance.
July 4: An Algonquain Captain, called The Partridge, who lives in the town of Trois Rivieres advised the Huron not to take the Frenchmen into the country. He expressed concern that if a Frenchman died among the Huron, the good will between the Huron and French would be lost. Monsieur General du Plessis Bouchard, arrived Trois Rivieres during these discussions. General du Plessis Bouchard assured them that the good will would not be lost and the Algonquain were satisfied. But the Huron being smaller in numbers were not willing. General du Plessis Bouchard and Monsieur de I’Espimay traded porcelain and tobacco for a place for 6 Frenchmen. However when the Huron were about to depart they said they would only take 3 Frenchmen. One Long Robe and two young men (Petit Pre & la Baron). La Baron had already spent a year among the Huron. Petit Pre gave up his place to allow Father Daniel to take his place. The Fathers agreed to paddle and take limited luggage. Father Davost and five Frenchmen remained behind at Trois Rivieres. Howevewr General du Plessis Bouchard placed Father Davost and the five Frenchmen with the next arriving Huron. Father Daniel would die this month from starvation. (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) is with Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) in Huron country. Brebeuf is told by the Heron that Le Borge of the Island told the Huron that on account of the death of Brule, Champlain demanded four heads..
July 5: At Trois Rivieres only 11 Huron canoes are available to embark 10 additional French and their goods to Huron Country. The Bissiriniens however arrived and reluctantly agreed to deliver some of the Jesuit party to Huron Country. Monsieur General du Plessis Bouchard, Monsieur Oliver, Monsieur Coullart and (I)-Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) assisted at Trois Rivieres.
July 12: Kebec, marriage (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) to (II)-Anne Cloutier, died February 3, 1648, Kebec
July 12: Monsieur the Chevalier La Roche Jacquelin commanded the ship Sainct Jacques and cast anchor before Kebec.
July 14: Kebec, Marguerite Memichtigouchiouiscourou meaning ‘wife of a Eurpean’, b-1633 an Algonqauin.
July 25: Kebec, marriage, (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), Algonquin Metis, born Hochelaga (Montreal) area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec. No marriage contract was found. (Francoise could be a Native or Metis? but most likely a sauvagesse but with a French name likely Metis or adopted?) some of their children are Robert Langlois, Metis b-1635, Marie Langlois, Metis b-1636, Anne Langlois, Metis b-1737, Mareguerite Langlois Metis, b-1639 etc. all born Kebec. A second marriage July 27, 1666 Chateau Richer, Quebec Marie Crevet, veuve de Robert Caron and one child, Marie Anne is born.
July 27: Louys de Saincte Foy, surnamed by the Savage Amantacha is sent by Sieur de Champlain (1570-1635) to ensure the Huron come to trade. The Algonquian are trying to discourage the Huron from coming down to Kebec, saying the French will kill them because they killed (I)-Etienne Brusle (Brule) (1592-1632/33). Louys says (I)-Etienne Brusle (Brule) (1592-1632/33), who had been murdered, he was not looked upon as a Frenchman, because he had left his nation and gone over to the English. The Algonquian intended to get the merchandise from the Huron at a very low price, in order afterwards to come themselves and trade it either to the French or English. As a result 500-700 Huron arrived Kabec to trade. (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) assured the Savages that, “having given them their word, they would keep it.”
July 27: Six French are reported living with the Huron in the extreme northern part of present Simcoe County (Ontario).
August: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) rebuilt Kebec, enlarging the fortifications, and built a fort at the mouth of the St. Maurice River and started another at Trois Rivers (Quebec).
August 3: (I)-Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) returned to Kebec from Trois Rivieres. He arrived Trois Rivieres after the Jesuits had departed and when the second Huron party arrived with news from the Jesuits saying the Huron number nearly 30,000 and many were sick with measles and stomach ailments.
August 4: General du Plessis Bouchard returned from Trois Rivieres to Kebec and reported they are working with might and main to build the fort. He presented a savage boy named Akhikouch age 12-14 to Champlain. He turned him over to the Jesuits who named him Dieudonne and he died shortly there after. Fathers Buteux and Duteux are to relocate to Trois Rivieres.
August 4: The French have three settlements on the Saint Lawrence River, namely, Fort Kebec, Fort Richelieu on the Island of Sainte Croix 15 leagues above Kebec and Trois Rivieres, 30 leagues above Fort Kebec.
August 8: Kebec, arrival of (I)-Jean Bourdon, sieur de St. Francois, (1601-1668), Attorney General and engineer chief, died January 12, 1668, Quebec, he arrived with his friend Abbe Jean LeSueur of St. Sauveur
August 8: Kebec arrival (I)-Zachere Clouter, b-1589, arrived Kebec 1619 and returned with wife Xaintes Du Pont (1596-1680) widow Michel Lermusier and children:
one child,
(II)-Zachere Clouter Jr. born August 16, 1617; married Madeleine-Barbe Emard on April 4, 1648 at Saint-Barthelemi in La Rochelle, France. They had 8 children, 5 boys and 3 girls, all of whom married neighbors. Zacharie died February 3, 1708 and Barbe May 28, 1708. They are buried at Chateau-Richer.
(II)- Jean Clouter born May 13, 1620, died on October 16, 1690, married January 21, 1648 at Kebec, Marie Martin, died April 26, 1699, daughter of Abraham Martin and Marguerite Langlois. Jean and Marie had 14 children, 10 of whom were girls. . His descendants kept the ancestral home for nearly three centuries.
(II)-Anne Clouter, born January 19, 1626, died February 4, 1648; When she was just ten, her father promised her in marriage to Robert Drouin, an employee of Robert Giffard, and the contract was signed on July 27, 1636; married July 12, 1637, Robert Drouin d-1685. The marriage contract stated that there were to be no conjugal visits between the bride and groom for two years They had six children, two of which died in infancy. Robert remarried in 1649 to widow Marie Chapelier who was not accepted by the Cloutiers and as a result, Zacharie and Xainte raised their grand daughters, Genevieve Drouin and Jeanne Drouin, as their own.
(II)-Marie-Louise Cloutier born March 18, 1632 in Perche, died January 22, 1699, married October 26, 1645, Francois Marguerie, Sieur de La Hayeb-1611, drowned May 23, 1648 at Trois-Rivieres. The couple had no children. Louise married the tailor Jean Mignault dit Chatillon d-1681, with whom she had fourteen children. Louise was married for a third time to Jean-Pierre Mataux . They had no children.
August 12: The French fleet under command of General du Plessis Bouchard weighed anchor at Kebec for Tadoussac (Quebec) and thence to Old France in Europe.
August 26: The Savages brought some plums gathered not far from Kebec.
September 3: Father (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) and Father (I)-Jacques Buteux (1599-1652) took up residence at Trois Rivieres (Quebec) which is still under construction. A Basque student is reported killed at Gaspe Peninsula, (Quebec) over the winter. Famine walked the St. Lawrence River valley due to poor weather.
September 8: The Savages at Trois Rivieres (Quebec) called Metaberoutin are catching sturgeon fish as long as the height of man (5-6 feet).
September 19: The last of the Jesuit party finally arrived Huron Country, complaining of hardship, abandonment, and theft of their belongings by the Bissiriniens. The Algonquin taunted the Jesuit saying the Huron would kill them like they did to (I)-Estienne Brule (I)-Etienne Brule (1591-1633).
October 1: Kebec, marriage, (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) son (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1727) and (I)-Marie Rollet d-1649; married October 1, 1634, Kebec, Helene Desportes (see 1602)
October 23: About 15-20 Savages return to Trois Rivieres (Quebec) from war with a young prisoner, a Hiroquois. They intend to kill him in remembrance of relatives previously killed including the three Frenchmen last year. They planned torture, roasting and eating him. The Jesuit said, cruelties displeases us, and that we are not cannibals. The Hiroquois is freed in the spirit of peace.
November 3: Kebec, baptism, (I)-Joseph Martin b-1609, a Matchonon Savage is baptized and given the Surname Martin. Possible Metis son of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L’Ecossais, (1589-1664), it also possible he has a Metis daughter (II)-Anne Martin died December 4, 1683 Quebec, married November 17, 1635, Kebec, Jean Cote
November 8: The French family Giffart refers to the Savage (Metis?) children as ‘it’. More commonly they are called Savage, Barbarian, or infidel.
December 13: Near Gaspe Peninsula, (Quebec) the Savages killed and ate a young Basque boy left with them to learn the language. Those of Tadoussac, (Quebec) with whom I passed the winter a year ago, have eaten each other in some locations. The famine was witnessed at Trois Rivieres, (Quebec) they came in bands, greatly disfigured and fleshless as skeletons. There was no warehouse at Trois Rivieres at this time so food was also scarce among the French. No one died of starvation as what was available was shared among the people. Lack of snow was the cause of this great famine, because they could not catch the larger animals and this condition lasted most of the winter.
Image & document restoration is key to successfully reading many genealogical documents. The source documents we have available to us today are often simply scanned or photographic images of original handwritten documents. Many of the originals are themselves are in poor or suspect condition even before they are digitally captured. Given that is the case, we can’t be ‘flummoxed’ because we still have to find a way to read these documents in order to decipher clues about our family’s’ past. More
He was in Canada in 1636 and in 1641, he already had a farm near the Rivière aux Chiens (river of dogs). His marriage contract of July 27 1636, (one year after the religious ceremony) which was concluded in the house of Robert Giffard and executed by Jean Guyon du Buisson in the absence of a notary, is the oldest marriage document preserved in the original in Canada. It seems that he is the ancestor of all Drouin in the country.
Anne was born on January 19, 1626, in St. Jean De Mortagne, Perche France. She was just eight years old when they arrived in Quebec and her father was always stirred up about something; constantly feuding with Robert Giffard. Despite that, the family did quite well. More
It seems that is the general area where most of my French-speaking forebears lived (from 1780- 1925); on occasion they manage to spill into the Quebec or Montreal areas, but that is almost always in the years before 1780. As you might know, the area I search is rather small geographically, as well as from a population perspective. But my observation has been, even though folks did not move around very much, 
